Fazu Aliyeva was born on December 5, 1932 in the village of Ginichutl, Republic of Dagestan. She began to compose poetry at an early age and already in her school years she was considered a real poet. Fazu wrote in Avar and Russian.

For the first time, the poems of the seventeen-year-old Phase were published in the Bolshevik Gor newspaper in 1949, later in the Komsomolets Dagestan newspaper and the Druzhba magazine in the Avar language. Critics were already struck by the aspiring poetess and writer with her brightness and extraordinary talent.

From 1950 to 1954 she worked as a teacher in a secondary school. Then, during the year, she studied at the Dagestan Women's Pedagogical Institute. Subsequently, she graduated from the Literary Institute named after A.M. Gorky.

Alieva took up the post of editor of the Dagestan publishing house of educational and pedagogical literature in 1962. Later she became the Editor-in-Chief of the magazine "Woman of Dagestan". For 15 years she was the Deputy Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Dagestan.

Since 1971, she headed the Dagestan Committee for the Protection of Peace and a branch of the Soviet Peace Fund of the Republic. Member of the World Peace Council.

Until 2006, she was a member of the Public Chamber of Russia.

Fazu Gamzatovna was a member of the Writers' Union of Russia. Author of more than 102 poetry and prose books translated into 68 languages ​​of the world, including poetry collections "Native Village", "Law of the Mountains", "Eyes of Kindness", "Spring Wind", "I distribute a rainbow", "Instant", poems " On the Seashore", "In the Heart of Everyone - Ilyich", the novel "Fate", the poem "Tavakal, or Why Men Turn Gray", the novels "The Family Emblem", "The Eighth Monday". Poems have been translated into Russian in the collections Blue Road, Stone Carving, and Eighteenth Spring.

Fazu Gamzatovna Aliyeva died on January 1, 2016. She was buried at the City Cemetery in the city of Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan.

For merits in professional activity she was awarded the Honorary title People's Poet of the Republic of Dagestan. She was awarded the Orders of the Holy Apostle A. the First-Called, "For Services to the Fatherland" III and IV degrees, the Order of Friendship of Peoples, twice the Order of the Badge of Honor, "For Services to the Republic of Dagestan" No. 1. She was awarded the gold medal of the Soviet Peace Fund, the medal "Fighter for Peace" of the Soviet Peace Committee and the commemorative medal of the World Peace Council.

The poetess was the Laureate of the State Prize of the Republic of Dagestan in the field of literature for the book of poems "Eternal Flame" and the prize of the Union of Journalists of Russia "Golden Pen of Russia". A monument to Faz Aliyeva was unveiled in the Friendship Square of Makhachkala.

On December 5, 1932, a girl was born in the Dagestan village of Ginichutl, who became the pride and property of the republic. Fazu Aliyeva lost her father early. Gamzat Aliyev died when Fazu and other children were very young, the family was left without a breadwinner. The mother had to experience hardship and hardship, she worked in a local hospital as a nurse. However, a strong woman raised wonderful people. They not only graduated from high school, but all the younger Aliyevs received higher education. The maternal feat became the main theme of the work of the future Soviet poetess Fazu Aliyeva.

The girl began to compose words in verse in her school years. She wrote in both Avar and Russian. The poetic lines of Phaz immediately betrayed in her the real talent of the poet. A poem that the girl wrote about the Great Patriotic War made a great impression on her classmates and teachers. She was 10 years old when she heard the story of a teacher who fought at the front and shared with children about the difficulties of military life. Fazu's wonderful work appeared in the school wall newspaper. It was the first publication in her life. At the age of 17, the Dagestan poetess was published in the newspapers Bolshevik Gory and Komsomolets Dagestan.

Career and work

After graduating from school, the girl remained in her native village, a job as a teacher awaited her. She taught for four years until she decided to continue her education. In the fifties, there was a women's pedagogical institute in Dagestan, where Fazu studied for one year. She had already accumulated a solid collection of poems and the young poetess tried to enter the Maxim Gorky Literary Institute in Moscow.

Members of the selection committee liked her poems, and the girl became a student at the famous institute. The years of study in Moscow had a huge impact on the worldview of the poetess. She met with the classics of Soviet literature and perfectly mastered the technique of literary creativity. Phase Aliyeva considered poetry to be the spring in which a person can drink living water and gain spiritual perfection. Her poetry collection "My native village" was published before graduating from the institute in 1961. She returned to her native country. Her work flourished in the sixties, when the collections “I distribute the Rainbow”, “Spring Wind”, the poem “On the Seashore” came out from under the pen of Fazu.

In 1969, the author of more than a hundred prose and poetic works was awarded the title of People's Poetess of Dagestan. Her books have been translated into many languages ​​of the world. Fazu Aliyeva's poems are in English, German, Italian, Spanish, they were published in Arabic, Hindi.

Contribution to public life

In addition to poetry, Fazu Aliyeva was engaged in editing texts of other authors. She fruitfully works in the publishing house of educational and pedagogical literature. In the sixties, her prose work, the novel Fate, was published.

Faza Aliyeva is accepted as a member of the Union of Writers of the Soviet Union.

In the seventies, the famous Dagestan poetess becomes a prominent public figure. She is the editor-in-chief of the periodical "Women of Dagestan". Another place of application of her energy was the Dagestan Committee for the Protection of Peace, where Fazu was the chairman. The poetess works in the Supreme Council of Dagestan as a deputy chairman.

When Phaz Aliyeva turned 70, a collection of works by the poet and prose writer in 12 volumes "Talisman" was published in her honor.

The great Dagestan Fazu Aliyeva died on January 1, 2016. In 2017, the Friendship Square in Makhachkala in memory of the poetess and public figure was decorated with a commemorative memorial.

On the first day of the new year 2016, the great Avar and Soviet poetess and writer with an exotic and unusual name for the Slavs, Fazu Aliyeva, passed away. The biography of this outstanding woman serves as an example for many people of art. Since the poetess lived according to the principles she wrote about, and every line of her poems or prose is permeated with sincere feelings, her works captivate any reader.

Biography of Fazu Aliyeva: early years

The future world-famous poetess was born in early December 1932 in the small Dagestan village of Ginichutl. The girl's father died very early, Phaz was not even five years old then. The care of the future poetess and three more children fell on the shoulders of the mother, who worked as a simple nurse in the hospital. Despite financial difficulties, the mother was able to put all her children on their feet and help everyone get a higher education.

It was the example of her mother’s daily and hard work that quite strongly influenced Fazu Aliyeva’s work and helped shape her image of the heroine of her poems - a brave and courageous woman who, despite all the prohibitions, achieves her goal.

Phase Aliyev, biography: the beginning of a creative path

Phase began writing poetry at a fairly early age. Her poetic skill grew, as they say, by leaps and bounds. Already while studying at school, the girl was considered a serious poet. The first significant verse was written during the Second World War. Fazu Aliyeva (the biography of the poetess is not entirely accurate here, some say that she was 10 then, others - that she was 11 years old) was then very imbued with the teacher's story about the difficulties of the soldiers and wrote a verse that everyone liked very much. It was published in the school wall newspaper.
When the girl turned seventeen, her poem was published by the Bolshevik of the Mountains. Later, the work of a young, but incredibly bright and talented, poetess from the village became interested in more serious periodicals.

After leaving school, Aliyeva worked as a teacher for four years, until she finally decided to get a full-fledged higher education. Therefore, in 1954, Fazu Aliyeva began her studies at the Dagestan Women's Pedagogical Institute in Makhachkala. However, she studied there for only a year, and then, on the advice of friends, she decided to try to pass the exams at the literary institute. Having sent her poems to the competition, she received an invitation to come to Moscow. Here she successfully passed most of the entrance exams, except for the Russian language, and she was not accepted. However, the desire of the poetess to study was so great that she went to the selection committee and, after talking with her, eminent literary critics and writers of that time were extremely surprised at what a talented and educated person Fazu Aliyeva was.
The biography of the poetess would be incomplete if not to mention the period of study in those days, the classics of Soviet literature were taught at this educational institution, and Fazu Aliyeva learned a lot from them and expanded her horizons. Also here, the poetess learned the Russian language better and began to write more Russian-language poems.
After graduation (in 1961), Fazu returned to Dagestan.

Literary and social activities

Even during her studies in Moscow, the first collection of poems by the poetess in the Avar language was published. “My native village” - this is how Fazu Aliyeva called it (the full biography of the poetess sometimes contains a different name for this book - “Native Village”).
After returning to her homeland, the poetess began to write a lot. So in 1961 her poem "On the Seashore" was published. And in the next two years - poetry collections "Spring Wind" and "I distribute the rainbow."

In 1962, the poetess became the editor of a publishing house of educational and pedagogical books in Dagestan. During this period, she not only writes a lot, but also edits the works of other authors. In addition, she tries her hand at prose - she writes the novel "Fate". The writer's work is gaining popularity not only in Dagestan and other republics of the USSR, but also far beyond their borders. It is being translated into Russian, Swedish, French, German, English, Polish and other languages.
In addition, Fazu Aliyeva receives membership in the Writers' Union of the USSR.
1971 becomes a turning point in the social activities of Fazu Aliyeva. It was at this time that the writer became the editor-in-chief of the progressive publication Women of Dagestan, as well as the chairman of the Dagestan Committee for the Protection of Peace. Also during this period, she "takes under her wing" the branch of the Soviet Peace Fund of Dagestan and participates in the work of the World Peace Council.
Actively participating in the political and cultural life of her homeland, Fazu Aliyeva served as deputy chairman of the Supreme Council of Dagestan for a decade and a half.

The heyday of the work of this poetess fell on the sixties and seventies. It was at this time that other nations became interested in her works and therefore they began to be translated into other languages ​​(Fazu Aliyeva, despite her fluency in Russian, most often wrote her works in her native Avar language). It was during this period that she wrote the legendary “The wind won’t blow a lump of earth”, “150 bride’s braids”, “A letter to immortality”, “Eternal fire”, “When there is joy in the house” and other works no less known to admirers of her work.
In the period of the eighties and nineties, Fazu Aliyeva focused more on prose, although at that time two volumes of selected works of the poetess were published in Russian and Avar. In the nineties, Fazu Aliyeva published three novels at once: "Two Peaches", "Falling Leaves" and "Sign of Fire". In addition, collections of her prose are published - “Breaking”, “Why Women Turn Gray” and “Dagestan Toasts”.
For the seventieth anniversary of the poetess, a gift twelve-volume collection of her works "Talisman" was issued.

Awards and achievements

An interesting fact: in Dagestan, the poetess is simply called Phase, without mentioning her last name, implying that she is unique, existing in the singular. However, in addition to the honor and love of compatriots, Fazu Aliyeva received many other awards outside her country.
So, for example, for the collection “A lump of earth the wind will not blow away,” the poetess was awarded the prize. N. Ostrovsky. Also, Aliyeva at various times received awards from such well-known Soviet publications as "Peasant", "Spark", "Worker", "Soviet Woman" and others.

In the sixty-ninth year, the poetess was awarded the title of "People's Poet of Dagestan".
Among other things, she is the owner of many awards for promoting and protecting peace, not only in Dagestan, Russia, but throughout the world. Among them are the gold medal of the Soviet Peace Fund and the medal "Fighter for Peace" of the Soviet Peace Committee.

The creative heritage of this poetess is more than a hundred books and collections, which have been translated into more than sixty languages ​​of the world. It is a pity that such a talented writer, a bright personality and an extraordinary woman is gone. Despite this, her works will continue to live and delight for many more generations, because it is unlikely that in the near future the same star as Fazu Aliyeva will appear in literature. A biography in Avar is what it would be interesting to read to her compatriots today. And I really want to hope that there will be people who can describe the fate of this incredible woman, because she really deserves it. In the meantime, her sincere and bright poems remain, defiantly the brightest feelings and impulses in each of their readers.

On January 1, 2016, Fazu Aliyeva passed away. She was 83 years old. In Dagestan, she was called Fazu. Just Fazu, no last name. There was only one phase. Perhaps it was this rare and atypical name for the Avars (there is no “F” sound in the Avar language) that predetermined her unusual fate. The daughter of a simple nurse became a symbol of the liberated woman of the East and the first national poetess of Dagestan.

She was born on December 5, 1932 in the village of Genichutl, Khunzakh region. His father died tragically when Phaz was not even five years old. Four children in the family were raised by one mother. A simple woman from the village managed to give everyone a higher education. And, obviously, it was this everyday maternal feat that later formed the main theme of Fazu Aliyeva's work: the theme of courage in everyday life.

“I don’t think that courage can be shown only in war,” she said, “there is courage to live, courage to fulfill one’s duty to parents, courage to adequately bear the burden of everyday life. And this courage inspires me to write poetry.”

"You, my daughter, go to a strange house. And every house is a power in itself. Everything is there. There is your own routine. And your own law, And rules, And right. Throw your whims at the threshold And respect their habits: Kohl there lame - lean on a cane. And put on glasses, if there are blind people ", - taught Phase in her poems.

She wrote in Avar, but her first book was published in Russian. The best poets of that time translated the Phase: Yunna Moritz, Vladimir Turkin, Inna Lisnyanskaya...

Fazu called the famous poetess and translator Inna Lisnyanskaya her godmother. Her first book, Rain of Joy, was published precisely thanks to Lisnyanskaya. A well-known poetess became interested in the manuscript of a young Dagestan woman (although, as Lisnyanskaya herself wrote, at that time she really needed money for a down payment for a cooperative apartment).

“Phazu was a close person in our family,” recalls Elena Makarova, daughter of Inna Lisnyanskaya. - Mom translated it, although in general she did not like to translate. But she favored Phase. And Fazu herself, in turn, was so kind to her mother: she showered her with rings and bracelets ... I remember Fazu's radiant eyes, a kind smile, and also, she understood, of course, that mother does not translate, but writes poetry from interlinear ...

Thanks to the Literary Institute and friendship with Inna Lisnyanskaya, Fazu Aliyeva discovered world poetry. And it was Lisnyanskaya who taught Faza Aliyeva to read the Torah, the Bible, and introduced the Latin American poetess Gabriela Mistral to poetry, who became a source of inspiration for Fazu.

And if Inna Lisnyanskaya became the first poetess who opened the theme of happy love in old age, Fazu Aliyeva became the first Caucasian poetess who declared love to the whole world:

Give me your hand, my love. I will put fire on it. That is, I will bare my soul and put it in your palm ...

She said she couldn't write unless she was in love.

Majestic, with heavy black braids, in bright and expensive outfits, it was hard not to notice her. They say that the young Fazu took as an example the image of the legendary Avar poetess Ankhil Marin, whose mouth was sewn up for freedom-loving songs.

“I pay a lot of attention to my outfits. I have style. If they see me among thousands, people will distinguish that it is me. Only I have such a hairstyle. It's the only way I wear a headscarf. Even if it will be bad, but it's me, - said Aliyeva.

She was only thirty-three when she received the high title of national poet of Dagestan. The first woman is a national poet. Why is she?

– Not because she was, in principle, the only female poet. There were also other poetesses in Dagestan. The fact is that there was only one such Phase: charismatic, ambitious, with colossal willpower, - recalls the poet and translator Marina Akhmedova-Kolyubakina.

When asked what she values ​​most in herself, Phase answered: her will. "We have a lot of young interesting poets, but they do not have enough strength to complete their plans. And if I suddenly decide to do something, I go to this goal by all means. I love myself because my rivals are great people ".

She loved to remember the surprise of her grandmother, who all her life believed that the world begins with a mountain in front of the village of Genichtul and ends with a hillock behind the village, but suddenly discovered the scope and volume of the country. Thanks to Phase Aliyeva, the poetry of Dagestan acquired scope and volume, ceasing to exist in space from mountain to mound, introducing national culture into the context of world literature.

Her fate was not easy. For fifteen years she worked as the chairman of the Supreme Council of Dagestan. And this could not but leave an imprint on the relationship between people. Misunderstandings, disagreements, ill-wishers...

"Fazu, eternal snowfall is over us," poet Magomet Akhmedov began his dedication poem with these words.

The poet was right. Phase was buried on the day of his death, January 1, at the ancient Khunzakh cemetery in the center of Makhachkala. She died after a long and courageous battle with a severe oncological disease. In the city of chalk, the first snowstorm in the new year ...

Fazu Gamzatovna Aliyeva(December 5, 1932, Ginichutl village, Khunzakh district, Dagestan ASSR - January 1, 2016, Makhachkala, Dagestan) - Soviet and Russian Avar poetess, people's poetess of Dagestan (1969), prose writer and publicist. She made a significant contribution to the development of Dagestan and Russian literature. In addition, she was involved in human rights activities.

She was awarded two Orders of the Badge of Honor and two Orders of Friendship of Peoples, the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called (2002); she was awarded the gold medal of the Soviet Peace Fund, the medal "Fighter for Peace" of the Soviet Peace Committee and the Jubilee Medal of the World Peace Council, as well as honorary awards from a number of foreign countries.

Biography

She began to compose poetry at an early age and already in her school years she was considered a real poet. Fazu wrote in Avar and Russian. The poems of the seventeen-year-old Phase were first published in the Bolshevik Gor newspaper in 1949, later in the newspaper Komsomolets of Dagestan and the Avar-language magazine Druzhba. Critics were already struck by the aspiring poetess and writer with her brightness and extraordinary talent. Fazu Aliyeva sincerely believed that poetry purifies a person, makes him brighter, kinder and more sublime.

In 1954-1955, Fazu Aliyeva studied at the Dagestan Women's Pedagogical Institute.

In 1961 she graduated from the Literary Institute named after A. M. Gorky.

She was a member of the Writers' Union of the USSR.

She owns the phrase-call: “Everything happens in life - people can not love each other, quarrel. But I ask you - never shoot each other. Nothing in the world can justify that."

Activity

She was the author of more than 102 poetry and prose books translated into 68 languages ​​of the world, including poetry collections "Native Village", "Law of the Mountains", "Eyes of Kindness", "Spring Wind" (1962), "I distribute a rainbow" (1963) , "The Moment" (1967), the poems "On the Seashore" (1961), "In the Heart of Everyone Ilyich" (1965), the novel "Fate" (1964), the poem "Tavakal, or Why Men Turn Gray", the novels "The Family Coat of Arms ”, “Eighth Monday” about the life of modern Dagestan. A.'s poems were translated into Russian - the collections Blue Road (1959), Stone Carving (1966), Eighteenth Spring (1968).

In 1950-1954 she worked as a school teacher.

Since 1962, the editor of the Dagestan publishing house of educational and pedagogical literature.

Since 1971 - editor-in-chief of the magazine "Woman of Dagestan".

For 15 years she was the Deputy Chairman of the Supreme Council of Dagestan.

Since 1971 - Chairman of the Dagestan Peace Committee and a branch of the Soviet Peace Fund of Dagestan, member of the World Peace Council.

Member of the Public Chamber of Russia (until 2006).

She was buried at the City Cemetery in Makhachkala.

Creativity score

The head of the manuscript fund of the Institute of Language and Literature, Mariza Magomedova, said about the creative contribution of Fazu Aliyeva: “Truly, she devoted her whole life to praising the honor, dignity of a person, the Motherland. The main themes of her work are the theme of war and peace, labor and military feats. A girl from the small village of Ginichutl conquered the world, talking about her love for her native land, for people, for the world.

Phase Aliyeva was awarded the prizes of the magazines "Soviet Woman", "Spark", "Peasant Woman", "Worker", "Banner".

Her book "A lump of earth the wind will not carry away" was awarded the prize. N. Ostrovsky.

Bibliography

Translations into foreign languages

Plays

• "Khochbar" is a play written in collaboration with M. Magomedov.

Awards

• Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called (December 11, 2002) - for an outstanding contribution to the development of Russian literature and a high civic position
• Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" III degree (July 16, 2015) - for merits in the development of national culture and art, the media and many years of fruitful activity
• Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" IV degree (November 16, 1998) - for services in the field of culture and the press, many years of fruitful work
• Order of Friendship of Peoples (June 21, 1994) - for merits in the development of national literature and active social activities
• Two Orders of the Badge of Honor
• gold medal of the Soviet Peace Fund
• medal "Fighter for Peace" of the Soviet Peace Committee
• commemorative medal of the World Peace Council
• People's Poet of the Dagestan ASSR (1969)
• In 2007, Faz Aliyeva was awarded the State Prize of the Republic of Dagestan in the field of literature for the book of poems "Eternal Flame".
• In 2009, the President of the Republic of Dagestan Mukhu Aliyev presented F. Aliyeva with the Order of Merit for the Republic of Dagestan No. 1.
• Prize of the Union of Journalists of Russia "Golden Pen of Russia" (2004)