Hong Kong, or Hong Kong in Chinese (香港) is a special administrative region in southern China. It is washed on three sides by the South China Sea, and on the north it borders with Guangdong Province.

Hong Kong became a British colony after the first Opium War (1839-1842). Initially, the colony occupied only Hong Kong Island; in 1860, the Kowloon Peninsula was annexed to it, and in 1898, the New Territories. In 1997, Hong Kong was returned to China. Hong Kong has one of the purest capitalist systems in the world, based on non-state intervention in the economy. As a result of the mixture of cultures, Hong Kong is called "the place where East meets West."

Hong Kong was annexed to China in accordance with the principle of “one country, two systems”, in contrast to socialism with the planned economy of the PRC, Hong Kong has democracy and capitalism. Hong Kong has broad autonomy in all matters except defense and foreign policy.

Origin of the name

The Chinese name of the city is Hong Kong (香港), translated as “fragrant harbor”. This was the name of what is now Aberdeen Harbour. It was called fragrant because of the factories producing incense located on the shore. In the local Chinese dialects of Cantonese and Hakka, the name of the harbor was Hong Gong. This is where the English name for the harbor came from, and in the Treaty of Nanjing in 1842 the entire island was named this way for the first time.

Geography

Hong Kong map

Hong Kong is located on the southern coast of China, on the western edge of the Pearl River estuary (flooded delta). Hong Kong consists of a large peninsula called the New Territories, as well as more than 200 islands, most of them small. To the south of the New Territories is Hong Kong Island, the northern shore of which is densely built up. Opposite it is also the densely built-up Kowloon Peninsula. To the west is Lantau Island, the largest in Hong Kong.

Hong Kong Island is the historical center of the area. The area of ​​the island is 80.5 km², of which 6.98 km² is land reclaimed from the sea. This represents 7% of the area of ​​the entire special district. The island is hilly. The highest peak is the multi-peaked Victoria Peak, which Hong Kongers simply call "The Peak". In the north of the island is Victoria Harbour, one of the deepest natural harbors in the world. The harbor, accessible to large ships, defines Hong Kong's position as a convenient trading center.

Most of Hong Kong's territory is hilly, only 25% of the area is suitable for development, and 40% of the remaining land is reserved for conservation areas.

Climate

Hong Kong has a humid subtropical climate. Summer is hot and humid. Sometimes typhoons pass through, causing heavy rainfall and landslides. Winters are mild and usually sunny. Spring and autumn are the most temperate: spring is fickle, and autumn is often dry and sunny.

Administrative division

Hong Kong consists of 18 districts.

Story

Judging by archaeological data from excavations in the Chek Lap Kok area, the territory of Hong Kong was inhabited by humans 35-39 thousand years ago. On the Sai Kun Peninsula, excavations of a Neolithic settlement dating back to 6 thousand years BC are being carried out. e. The artifacts of the local culture differ from the Longshan culture from northern China. Petroglyphs dating back to the Chinese Shang Dynasty have been preserved on nearby islands.

In 214 BC. e. Qin Shihuang, the first emperor of a unified China, captured the lands of southern China, conquering the Baiyue tribes. Hong Kong became part of Nanhai County with its center in Panyu. After the death of Emperor Shihuang in 204 BC. e. Zhao Tuo united the southern lands and founded the kingdom of Nanyue, which lasted until 111 BC. e., when it was conquered by Emperor Han Wu. During the Han Dynasty, the population of Hong Kong grew, salt mining opened, and the tombs of Lei Cheng Uk were built.

Before the Tang Dynasty, the Hong Kong region was a center for salt production, fishing and pearl hunting. After the defeat of the Southern Song by the Mongols, the imperial court moved from Hangzhou to Fujian Province and from there to Lantau Island. On Lantau Island in 1278, Huai-zong became Emperor of Song at the age of 8. After the defeat at the Battle of Yamen on March 19, 1279, the emperor committed suicide. During the reign of the Mongol Yuan dynasty, refugees from the north flocked to Hong Kong.

Hong Kong in 1840

The first European to arrive in Hong Kong was the Portuguese explorer Jorge Alvarez in 1513. In the 16th century, the Portuguese traded in Southern China and established temporary settlements; fortifications were built at Tuen Mun Harbor in Hong Kong. The two Battles of Tamao (Tuen Mun) in 1521 and 1522 resulted in the expulsion of the Portuguese from Hong Kong. In the middle of the 16th century, the Haijin Decree (prohibition of maritime trade with Europeans) was introduced; it came to the point that Chinese sailors were resettled inland by the thousands. In 1661 - 1669 Hong Kong was deserted, but after the resettlement was cancelled, most of the sailors returned. In 1685, Emperor Kangxi opened limited trade with foreigners. Strict terms of transactions were introduced: trade was carried out in close quarters, only during trading seasons, payment was made only in silver. The British East India Company began trading in China in 1699 and opened its first trading post in Canton (Guangzhou) in 1711. The British exported opium from India to China, and the volume of exports increased: in 1773, 1,000 chests were sold, and by 1799, already 2,000 annually.

Colonial period

City of Victoria

In 1839, the Qing Empire's refusal to import British opium led to the first Opium War. Hong Kong Island was occupied by the British on January 20, 1841. The Chuanpi Agreement was signed to transfer Hong Kong to the rule of the English crown. However, the agreement was signed by Captain Charles Elliot and the Qing governor Qishan without consulting the governments, and was not ratified. The Treaty of Nanjing of 1842, which ended the first Opium War, confirmed the transfer of Hong Kong to the British. The following year, a European settlement was founded in Hong Kong - the city of Victoria.

Under the rule of the British, the city grew rapidly. If in 1841 there were 7,450 Chinese living in it, then in 1870 there were already 115,000 Chinese and 8,754 Europeans. In 1860, the Treaty of Beijing, concluded after China's defeat in the Second Opium War, inter alia, annexed the Kowloon Peninsula to the territory of Hong Kong. And in 1898, a convention was signed on the expansion of the territory of Hong Kong, according to which the island of Lantai and the adjacent land, called the New Territories, were transferred to the British. The territories were leased for 99 years. These boundaries have not changed until now.

Hong Kong in the 1890s

By the beginning of the 20th century, Hong Kong had become a major trading center and transit point for Europeans in the Far East. The British introduced the European education system. Chinese revolutionary Sun Yat-sen studied at the Hong Kong Medical College. The city grew and developed: in 1916 the population reached 530 thousand people, in 1925 - 725 thousand, and before the Second World War it amounted to 1.6 million people; tram routes, an airport, bus routes and ferry crossings were built.

The Japanese crossed into Hong Kong on December 8, 1941, eight hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor. The 50,000-strong Japanese group was opposed by a 13,000-strong garrison. On December 25, the siege of Hong Kong ended with the surrender of the British command. During the Japanese occupation, the Hong Kong dollar was banned, the Japanese military yen was introduced, hyperinflation flourished, and food rationing was introduced. Dissidents were arrested and executed, and many people left the city. On August 15, 1945, the British regained control of Hong Kong.

Hong Kong in 1950

After World War II, the flow of refugees, including highly skilled ones, from China sparked rapid economic development. Cheap labor allowed the opening of many factories. In 1974, the Independent Commission Against Corruption was founded. The experiment was successful and Hong Kong became one of the least corrupt territories in the world. In the 1980s, due to economic reforms in the PRC and the beginning of industrial development, Hong Kong lost its competitiveness in production. However, the liberated workers are moving into the developing service sector. Hong Kong is also becoming the largest financial center and source of investment in Southeast Asia. In 1983, Hong Kong ceased to be a British colony and received the status of a dependent territory.

Handover of Hong Kong to China

Hong Kong in 1989

After the communists came to power in China in 1949, they recognized all unequal treaties as illegal, and, accordingly, British sovereignty over Hong Kong. In 1997, the 99-year lease of the New Territories expired. In the 1970s, Hong Kong faced increasing risks from large infrastructure projects. In 1979, Hong Kong Governor Murray McLehose traveled to Beijing and raised the issue of Hong Kong's sovereignty with Deng Xiaoping. Deng demanded the return of Hong Kong to China, but offered compromise terms. The issue of Hong Kong's sovereignty was again raised during Margaret Thatcher's visit to China in 1982. At the same time, the National People's Congress changed the country's constitution and included the clause proposed by Deng Xiaoping. Deng proposed the “one country, two systems” policy, the essence of which is that, along with the provinces, the PRC could include Special Administrative Regions (meaning, first of all, Hong Kong and Macau), in which the established democratic political systems in them would remain intact systems and capitalist system. On December 19, 1984, a joint Sino-British declaration was signed on the transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China in 1997; the declaration also approved the terms of the transfer. The PRC promised, within the framework of the “one country, two systems” principle, not to change the political and economic structure of Hong Kong for at least 50 years. At least 100,000 people pessimistic about the handover have emigrated from Hong Kong for fear of persecution. On July 1, 1997, Hong Kong was ceremonially handed over to the People's Republic of China, and the last governor, Chris Patten, left the island.

Following the handover to the PRC, Hong Kong faces increased immigration from mainland China. Hong Kong businesses are actively investing in China, and many joint projects are being created. Hong Kong continues to be the financial center of East Asia.

Policy

Hong Kong is a special administrative region of China. In this capacity, it is equal to provinces and autonomous regions, but has much greater autonomy. Hong Kong has political and economic systems that are fundamentally different from mainland China. Unlike the provinces, Hong Kong has its own currency, flag and coat of arms, the right to independently participate in sports competitions and international organizations that do not require state sovereignty, and independently approve tax, customs and immigration policies. The central government of the People's Republic of China is responsible only for defense and foreign policy. The political system is established by Hong Kong's Basic Law (constitution).

Executive branch

Hong Kong Government Building

The government of Hong Kong is led by the Chief Executive. He is elected for a five-year term by a special election commission of 1,200 people. The commission is formed by elections from 28 functional districts, each district representing people of a certain profession or occupation. To nominate a candidate, at least 100 votes of members of the election commission are required. There were cases when only one candidate received the required 100 votes and was automatically elected. The winner of the election must be approved by the central government of the People's Republic of China. The head of the executive branch is responsible for compliance with the Basic Law, signs the city's accounts and budgets, laws, issues decrees, and directs the activities of the Executive Council. Since July 1, 2012, the Chief Executive has been Liang Zhenying.

The Executive Council is the government of Hong Kong. It consists of 15 official officers and 14 unofficial members. All members of the Executive Council are appointed by the Chief Executive and retire at the end of his term.

Legislative Assembly

Legislative power in Hong Kong is exercised by a unicameral Legislative Assembly. It consists of 60 deputies elected for four years. 30 deputies are elected in territorial electoral districts. Another 30 are in functional districts, representing corporations and individuals of certain professions. The Legislative Assembly makes laws, draws up the budget, sets taxes and spending, and controls the work of the government. The President of the Legislative Assembly is the second highest-ranking official of Hong Kong.

Hong Kong has a multi-party system. The head of the executive branch must be non-partisan. However, Hong Kong law does not have a legal definition of a political party. Most parties are registered as societies or limited liability companies. The parties that make up the Legislative Assembly are divided into two camps: pan-democratic and pro-Beijing. The pan-democratic camp includes the Democratic Party, the Civic Party, the Workers' Party, People's Power, the League of Social Democrats, the Association for Democracy and the Welfare of the People, and the Service Center for Workers and Neighbors. And the Democratic Alliance for Improvement and Progress, the Federation of Trade Unions, the Liberal Party, the New People's Party, the Trades Union Forum, Economic Cooperation and the Federation of Hong Kong and Kowloon Labor Unions are all in the pro-Beijing camp.

Judicial power and law enforcement

Supreme Court of Appeal building

Hong Kong's judicial system is independent from mainland China and is based on English common law. Courts may cite foreign common law decisions as precedent. The court of last resort is the Supreme Court of Appeal. The Supreme Court of Appeal consists of the Chief Justice, three permanent judges and one non-permanent judge from Hong Kong or other common law countries. In addition, Hong Kong has a Supreme Court, District Courts, Magistrates' Courts, a Workers' Tribunal, a Children's Court, a Small Claims Court and an Obscene Articles Tribunal. In jurisprudence, English is used along with Chinese. Judges can be not only Hong Kong residents, but also foreigners from countries where English common law is established. The Department of Justice has a very high degree of independence from the government. Overall, Hong Kong's judicial system is one of the best in Asia.

The Hong Kong Police Force was founded in 1844. In total, 40 thousand people serve and work in the police. In terms of the number of police officers per capita, Hong Kong ranks one of the first in the world, and in terms of the size of the police fleet (143 boats) it is the leader. The Commissioner of Police heads the service and is assisted by two deputies (operations and management). The police department is made up of the departments: A(Operations and Support), B(Crime and Security), C(Personnel and Training), D(Management Services) and E(Finance, Administration and Planning). Throughout the 20th century, Hong Kong police successfully combated crime caused by waves of immigration from mainland China and Vietnam, as reflected in many Hong Kong films.

The Independent Anti-Corruption Commission is a civil service reporting only to the Chief Executive. The commission was created in 1974, primarily as a means of monitoring the police, which could not cope with the corruption of officers and mutual responsibility. The commission was recruited mainly from English police officers, who often used brutal methods. After a series of high-profile cases and dismissals, corruption was greatly reduced. From 1974 to 2007, the number of complaints against the police decreased by 70%. The commission, in addition to fighting corruption, is engaged in its research, prevention and education of society. The commission's effective work has resulted in Hong Kong being one of the least corrupt cities in the world.

Armed forces

During the colonial period, a strong English garrison was stationed in Hong Kong. With the transfer of Hong Kong to China, the British garrison was replaced by a garrison of the People's Liberation Army of China. The garrison is subordinate to the Guangzhou Military Region and the Central Military Commission in Beijing, and is obliged to notify the government of the special region of any actions in the Hong Kong area. At the request of the head of the executive branch, the garrison can participate in restoring public order or in the fight against natural disasters. The garrison is armed with 21 armored personnel carriers, 6 missile boats and two landing craft, as well as a fighter flight and a helicopter flight.

Economy

Hong Kong is one of the world's leading financial centers. Hong Kong has one of the purest capitalist systems in the world, characterized by free trade, low taxation, greater economic freedoms and low government intervention in the economy. According to the Economic Freedom Index, Hong Kong consistently ranks first in the world. High rates of development in the 1960s-1990s made Hong Kong one of the "four Asian tigers". From 1991 to 1997, Hong Kong's GDP grew 180 times and its per capita GDP grew 87 times. In terms of GDP (351 billion US dollars), Hong Kong surpasses, for example, Israel and Ireland. The Hong Kong Stock Exchange ranks seventh in the world by market capitalization (US$2.3 billion) and is also the world's largest site for initial public offerings.

The Hong Kong area has little arable land and natural resources. Most of the food and raw materials are imported. Agriculture accounts for only 0.1% of GDP, mostly producing expensive delicacies and growing flowers.

Hong Kong is the world's largest trading center, with combined exports and imports exceeding GDP. The port of Hong Kong is the seventh largest in the world, and the Kwai Chung container terminal is the largest in Asia.

Hong Kong dollar

Hong Kong coins

Hong Kong has the right to issue its own currency. The Hong Kong dollar is issued by the Hong Kong government, as well as by three banks: the Banking Corporation of Hong Kong and Shanghai, Standard Charter Bank and Bank of China (Hong Kong Branch). The issue is carried out under the supervision of the Hong Kong Monetary Authority, which is effectively the central bank. Since 1983, the Hong Kong dollar exchange rate has been pegged to the US dollar exchange rate; the exchange rate is allowed to float within the limits established by the Hong Kong government. Coins are issued in denominations of 10, 20 and 50 cents and 1, 2, 5 and 10 dollars, as well as banknotes in denominations of 20, 50, 100, 500 and 1,000 dollars.

Population

Culture

Tourism

Tourism has played an important role in Hong Kong's economy since the relocation of industry to mainland China forced a shift towards services. Every year the city is visited by 36 million tourists, mainly from China. In 2006, there were 612 hotels operating in Hong Kong with 52,500 rooms. Average hotel occupancy was 87%.

The special administrative region of the People's Republic of China - Hong Kong (HK) is one of the largest Asian financial centers. Hong Kong's location has greatly contributed to its economic growth through international trade. However, it was under occupation for a long time and was only recently returned to China, raising questions about the status of this territory.

Story

The current Hong Kong lands were annexed to China in the third millennium BC. The territory was not inhabited for a long time. In the 7th century AD. fishermen began to build villages on the banks.

When the Portuguese began to come here in the 16th century, and the British in subsequent centuries, they set up trading villages and warehouses near Hong Kong. The first ones are in the Macau region, the second ones are in Guangzhou. There were convenient ports for trade with other states. China imported porcelain, silk, and tea.

The United Kingdom at that time distributed opium produced in the Indian colonies. At the end of the 18th century, she began to deliver this drug to China. At the same time, the British bought silver from China. Over the course of 30 years, the annual import of opium and the purchase of the precious metal increased so much that the Chinese government ordered the liquidation of warehouses and the expulsion of the British. Further events developed as follows:

• 1840 - Britain sent troops to China.
• After the failure of the Chinese (1840-1842), Hong Kong was first occupied and then captured by Britain.
• 1846 - It became a British colony. The Treaty of Nanjing was concluded with the Qing Empire, according to which this territory passed under the sovereignty of Great Britain.
• 1860 - after China lost the Second Opium War, the British also captured the southern lands of the Kowloon Peninsula, on which Hong Kong stands. In the occupied land, the British began to actively trade in opium.
• 1898 - The British leased the islands adjacent to Hong Kong, called the New Territories, for 99 years.
• After the Japanese attack and the retreat of the British in 1941, Hong Kong lands were occupied by the Land of the Rising Sun.

“In 1945, Japan was forced to accept the terms of surrender. Hong Kong was re-annexed to Great Britain."

When was Hong Kong returned to China?

In 1949, following the establishment of the People's Republic of China, fearing communist oppression, a mass of immigrants poured into Hong Kong. The population began to increase. Of all the colonies, this became the most prosperous. Even China, which became a communist power, lost here.

The development of industrial production led to the development of exports. The standard of living has increased. Only at the end of the 20th century did the territory pass to China:

• When the UN adopted a declaration of decolonization in 1960, it meant the return of all colonies and independence for the colonial population.
• In 1967, riots broke out on the Kowloon Peninsula, which led to an uprising against the colonialist, but it was suppressed.
• In 1984, China and Britain entered into the Joint Declaration on Land Giveaway.

"July 1, 1997 marked the return of the entire Hong Kong region to the People's Republic of China"

Hong Kong is the capital of which country

Back in 1990, the Basic Law of Hong Kong was adopted. He was democratic. Hong Kong now has separate legislation and broad autonomy as an administrative region of China. He will keep them until 2047. And yet, the city has belonged to China since 1997, is under its defense and controlled by its foreign policy, although it has a special status.

Hong Kong is not anyone's capital. However, by all indications, it is similar to it, given its developed infrastructure and economy. Its official status is a special administrative region of China.

“The capital of the People's Republic of China is Beijing, not Hong Kong, as some people think.”

How is the name of the city translated?

The Chinese speak many dialects. The hieroglyphs are basically written the same way and their meaning is the same. They are pronounced differently. In the official language of the People's Republic of China, Putonghua, the name of Hong Kong sounds like Hong Kong. In the Cantonese dialect "Yue" it is pronounced "hyongkon".

Both words are translated as “fragrant harbor.” This is due to the fact that various seasonings and aromatic substances were traded on the coast of Hong Kong. This was the name of one of the bays of Hong Kong Island. The words “gong” and “kong” are already the English version of “hyungkon”. So the phrase “Hong Kong” spread throughout the world by the grace of the British.

“In Russian, the words are written together - “Hong Kong” (as in Chinese), and not “Hong Kong”. Someone writes separately, by analogy with the English “Hong Kong”, this is wrong.”

Location

Bounded to the south, north and west by the South China Sea, Hong Kong is located on the Kowloon Peninsula and 262 other islands on the southeast side of China. It includes: Kowloon Peninsula, Hong Kong Island, New Territories. The largest of them are the islands of Hong Kong, Lantau and Lamma.

If you look at it looks like a small dot compared to China, like one of its cities such as Shenzhen, which it borders. The area of ​​Hong Kong is 1104 km². The map shows that this rugged peninsula with many islands consists of 18 separate districts

Climate

Hong Kong is a region with a pronounced tropical climate. Cyclones can be expected from May to September. +38°C is the highest temperature ever recorded here. The lowest was -4°C.

Air temperature depending on the time of year:

• In winter – from +10°С and above. Dry and calm.
• In spring – on average from +18 to +26°С. Clear days go hand in hand with rainy ones. Humidity is high.
• In summer – up to +34°С. It often rains with thunderstorms. Typhoons may pass through. The air comes from the Pacific Ocean. Stuffy atmosphere.
• In autumn - on average from 20 to 24°C. The sky is sunny, the humidity is low.

Government and politics

The Legislative Council of Hong Kong is elected for a 4-year term. Laws are adopted by a majority vote. The local legislation is different from China. The state is governed by an executive council.

Eighteen districts have their own local administrations. Civil servants are either elected by vote or confirmed by the Chief Minister.

The head of Hong Kong is the Chief Minister of Administration. Comes to power through elections by the electoral committee. As of 2018, this is Carrie Lam, the first female leader in Hong Kong.

The mentioned committee includes more than a thousand people, including 70 representatives of the legislative council. Half of them are elected by citizens. The remaining members of the committee are representatives of the commercial elite. Usually those candidates who are patronized by Beijing are chosen. Democrats have little chance in the elections.

“Instead of the Constitution, here is the Basic Law. It assigns Hong Kong an independent infrastructure, excluding foreign policy and the protection of the Chinese army."

Population

The population of Hong Kong is approximately 7 million people. Most of the people live in Kowloon and Hong Kong Island. Many people move to Shenzhen - it is freer there, and prices are lower. The region's overpopulation is not caused by a high birth rate, but by the influx of large numbers of migrants from mainland China.

Ethnic Chinese make up 95% here, the rest of the residents are Vietnamese, Indonesians, Indians, Pakistanis and Filipinos.

Due to the density of the population concentrated in a small area, the city is completely covered with buildings and roads that run everywhere and even overhang the ground. The number of skyscrapers here is about 8,000, which is much more than in New York. Such buildings house apartments, offices, schools, hospitals and many other institutions. The city is built according to the rules of Feng Shui.

The geographical location of Hong Kong has a very relief surface - with mountains and hills. For this reason, only a quarter of the territory is inhabited, which further exacerbates the density of the streets. The remaining spaces contain parks, nature reserves, sandy beaches and other recreational areas.

Transport

Public transport in Hong Kong has taken a big step forward. This infrastructure is very well developed:

1. Buses and trams, incl. two-story. Trams have been running since 1904 - with wooden benches and open windows.
2. Electric trains and metro.
3. Ferries transporting people between islands.
4. Funiculars are rail cars with cable traction that lift citizens up a steep slope.
5. Escalators and travelators, some of which are entire moving roads. Central Mid-Levels Escalator is the longest in the world, right in Hong Kong. It is listed in the Guinness Book of Records. Its length is 800 m.

You can pay for street fares in cash or with a transport card. The cash register is usually located near the driver. You should deposit the required amount immediately, because... delivery is not provided.

It is difficult to remember the fare because it depends on a number of factors, such as the type of transport, which carrier it belongs to, the distance of the trip, and the nature of the route. The fare map and price can be viewed at any stop or station.

“The best payment method is Octopus Card. The card provides discounts, and you can also use it to pay in some shops and cafes.”

Culture

Hong Kong is a very well-kept and clean city. This delights visiting foreigners. The male population here is one of the heaviest smokers, but spitting or throwing garbage on the streets is absolutely forbidden, as you can be fined for this. There are clearly marked markings on the streets and roads. The rules are strictly followed.

Hong Kong people profess several religions: Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism. The country belongs rather to the Chinese civilization, but Western culture is also firmly rooted here. After colonization, Hong Kong retained some British characteristics.

English is the second official language here; about 30% of residents speak it. English-language inscriptions are often found - names of roads, signs, etc. There is also a wide variety of catering establishments with cuisine from a variety of nations.

The various sights around are striking in their beauty and uniqueness. Ancient buildings from the colonial period contrast strikingly with huge skyscrapers, and technological breakthroughs with a love of nature. The appearance of the city is different everywhere.

“A visual collage of historical streets with Chinese and European architecture, industrial achievements with hints of futurism, and green oasis gardens is being created.”

Attractions

• – the highest point in Hong Kong (552 m), from which you can see the entire island, as well as stroll along the benches, sit in a cafe, and look into the wax museum (high-speed rail transport takes tourists up the mountain at an angle of 40°);

• Aberdeen district with floating restaurants (there is even a whole village on the water, consisting of fishing houses);

• Shengwan quarter, characterized by ancient Chinese architecture;

• Temple of Ten Thousand Buddhas, to which there are 400 steps up the hill;

• Avenue of the Stars on Kowloon Island, where, among others, you can see a statue of Bruce Lee;

• Botanical and Zoological gardens, which have preserved their 150-year-old appearance and are inhabited by exotic birds, monkeys, and kangaroos;

• as well as numerous shopping centers and markets, beaches and just city streets.

Education

The education system in Hong Kong is inherited from Great Britain.

The oldest higher education institution is the University of Hong Kong (founded in 1911). It occupies a leading position in Asia and ranks 21st in the world. Students from dozens of countries around the world study here. The activities of educational institutions are supervised by the Department of Education.

Education in all Hong Kong educational institutions is conducted in English. Dozens of subjects aimed at comprehensive development are taught. University students gain real-world work experience in their fields. Training, internship and subsequent transfer to different positions have great prospects. People with a diploma make very good money here.

The selection regime for applicants is strict. Upon successful study, a foreign student can receive a one-year visa in order to find a job during this time. More than 97% of university graduates in Hong Kong are successfully employed.

“The cost of studying at Hong Kong universities is quite high - about 5-7 thousand US dollars per semester”

Capital

Hong Kong is a kind of small state within China. It can also be called a city. You can also say that this is a country the size of a city. It does not have an official capital and, in fact, everything is one. So there is no clear answer to the question “Is Hong Kong a city or a country” - both options are correct.

It is sometimes said that the capital of Hong Kong is Victoria. In fact, this is only a colonial period area where the British administration was located. At the moment, the administrative center of the city is an island, also called Hong Kong, and part of the Kowloon Peninsula.

Most of the administrative buildings are concentrated on this Hong Kong Island. There are two main banks located here. It is both a historical district and a center of shopping complexes and entertainment venues. Therefore, it can well be called the unofficial capital of Hong Kong.

The island and the mainland are separated by a strait - Victoria Bay. There are 3 tunnels underneath it. Ferries transport people across the water.

“The largest ferry terminal in the city in the China Hong Kong City complex”

Flag and coat of arms

Hong Kongers adopted their flag in February 1990. It was officially raised seven years later - in July 1997. The coat of arms was also adopted at the same time. Until now, they are the main symbols of the autonomous state:

1. Flag. Red cloth. In the center is a white Bauhinia flower, which has five petals curved to the right. Each of them has a small five-pointed star in red. Thin red lines run from the stars to the base of the petals.
2. Coat of arms. An image of the same flower on a red background, but in a circle. There is a white border around the perimeter of the circle. It says "Hong Kong".

The color red and stars symbolize belonging. White means that the city-state has its own political and economic system, different from the PRC. The flower is an image of harmony.

Currency

The local currency is the Hong Kong dollar, which is equal to 100 cents. Since 1983 it has been dependent on the US dollar. The exchange rate is approximately 7.7 - 7.8 US dollars. A common abbreviation in the world is HKD (Hong Kong Dollar). Local symbol is HK$. In everyday life:

• coins in denominations of 10, 20, 50 cents;
• coins in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10 $;
• bills of $10, $20, $50, $100 and $500.

The Hong Kong Monetary Authority controls the issue of money. You can find exchange offices everywhere - in hotels, commercial buildings, airports and even ATMs. Therefore, it is possible to make a transfer to any foreign currency. Hong Kong banks are open Monday-Friday from 9:00 to 16:00 or 17:00, Saturday from 9:00 to 13:00. Sunday is a day off. “Shops, cafes, hotels accept plastic credit cards Master Card, Visa Diners Club, American Express.”

Conclusion

The small state of Hong Kong is one of the Top 10 global financial centers. Of all Asian countries, it has the highest standard of living. This is despite the fact that there are practically no natural resources here. This is all thanks to effective legislation, sound policies, rapidly developing infrastructure and an advantageous geographical location conducive to widespread international trade. There are low taxes, easy business, effective social programs, and high quality education.

State?" What is it? A beautiful city or a huge territorial district? If you ask the residents themselves, they will confidently answer: “The capital!” After all, Hong Kong is the capital of Asian culture and cinema, Asian fashion, economics and, in general, a European metropolis in the center Asia.

However, Hong Kong has never been the capital of any state. In general, until 1842, until the British took a fancy to this amazing place, it was virtually nothing. These were groups of islands on which small fishing villages lived. One of them was called “Hong Kong”. The country in which it was located was the Great Chinese Empire. However, England needed a convenient location for the opium trade with China. And it was in this place that the British decided to build their trading port. They leased Hong Kong and the entire Chinese mainland surrounding it. Thus, the former fishing village has turned into a real pearl

China was developing rapidly, and Britain had no option to renew its lease on Hong Kong. However, returning it to China caused a complete imbalance - China, soaked through communism, and capitalist Hong Kong did not suit each other at all. China demanded complete control over the media, politics and the minds of citizens, and the city was accustomed to living freely and democratically in a European way, acting only by its own standards. This is how the idea of ​​the transitional principle arose. From 1997 until now, Hong Kong has become a Special Administrative Region of China on the map and in the world community. At the same time, having received relative internal economic and political freedom, he lost foreign political freedom.

Many people mistakenly still believe that Hong Kong is a city. But that's not true. Hong Kong is a union of regions in China. Therefore, the question of whether Hong Kong is a country or a city is absolutely incorrect. He is neither one nor the other, and all together. It is unique and inimitable.

Today Hong Kong is a striking mixture of all the achievements of the West and the unique flavor of the East. Here, charming colonial mansions juxtapose with soaring skyscrapers. During the construction of many buildings, the principles of Feng Shui were used with all their might. For example, the facades are lined with mirror coatings to repel evil spirits. Or the corners of buildings: their bevel or rounding means friendliness and protection from bad influences.

By the way, the name “Hong Kong” translates as “fragrant port”. In this regard, the main motif of the urban landscape is water and greenery. Hong Kong is truly green and fragrant. Plants are all around here, both in the city itself and in the famous Victoria Park. This is where Victoria Peak is located - the highest point on the entire Hong Kong Island (552 meters above sea level).

Hong Kong is a country of contrasts. It combines a wide variety of cultures, spiritualities, beliefs and architectural styles. Hong Kong is the “Asian New York”, the former but, above all, it is the legacy of the great Chinese civilization, preserving its deep traditions that are passed on from generation to generation.

What do you usually imagine when you hear “Hong Kong”? I imagined a skyline dotted with skyscrapers, a modern, high-tech city, businessmen in business suits... All this is indeed Hong Kong, but the city is not limited to this.

Upon arrival, I learned that it also has beautiful, almost untouched nature, stunning beaches and delicious national food. By visiting different areas, you will not only immerse yourself in the atmosphere of an ultra-modern city with a frantic pace of life, but also get to know the local flavor: home shops, poor residential areas, famous markets where anything can be counterfeited. In no other country have I seen so many contrasts, no matter how banal it may sound. Huge skyscrapers, expensive restaurants, luxury hotels and boutiques, and nearby - restaurants where no one speaks a word of English, old residential buildings that have not seen renovation for several decades and local shops where they sell dubious Chinese delicacies in the form of fish stomachs, and much more - you can find everything here.

That's how diverse Hong Kong can be!

Since 1997, Hong Kong has been an autonomous region within China. In 1842, Hong Kong was captured by Great Britain and in 1898 it was taken under its control for 99 years. Hong Kong now officially belongs to China, although it will enjoy broad autonomy until 2047. The status of a British colony could not but affect the appearance of the city: it turned into one of the world's largest financial centers.

Thanks to its autonomous status, Hong Kong has its own currency - the Hong Kong dollar (1 HKD ~ 9 rubles), citizenship (only the Chinese have the right to obtain it, and then after several years of work, or citizens of other countries in case of marriage), its own tax system . Hong Kong citizens have the right to travel to Europe without a visa, while ordinary Chinese do not enjoy such privileges. And in general, there are a lot of differences, and I was convinced of this from the first days of my stay in the country.

Visa and border crossing

To visit Hong Kong for up to 14 days, Russian citizens do not require a visa, and problems with crossing the border usually do not arise: in most cases, you will not be asked a single question, they will simply scan your passport and put a stamp.

But if you, like me, are visiting Hong Kong for the purpose of work or study and plan to stay, you will need to apply for a visa. What documents will be required for this can be clarified. You can affix the visa to your passport yourself upon receipt. Its cost is about 15 US dollars.

How to get there

Hong Kong is a remote region, so you shouldn’t count on an easy road. The easiest way to get there, of course, is by plane, but for those who are not looking for easy ways, there are other ways: train, bus, car and even ferry.

Tourist regions

Hong Kong is made up of several regions.

Namely:

• Hong Kong Islands, where the city center is located, the main entertainment and skyscrapers of all foreign companies. It is the view of Hong Kong Island from the opposite shore that you see most often in photographs. It is also rich in hiking trails, which I will talk about later. The famous Victoria Peak is also here, by the way. Well, of course, this is the place for you if you are a big fan of bars and nightlife: the famous LKF street is a real paradise for party people.
• Kowloon, where there are mainly residential areas and mainly locals; there are famous markets, and Hong Kong's Avenue of Film Stars. It is also from there that the most beautiful view of Hong Kong Island opens.
• The islands are the largest island in Hong Kong, where Disneyland is located, as well as the giant Buddha statue and the famous cable car. I would recommend dedicating at least a day from your trip. You won't find bars or parties here, but you will get an unforgettable cultural experience.
• New Territories, which make up more than 80% of Hong Kong's area, and where more than 50% of the population lives, and also has many beaches. Getting here is long and far, but beach lovers will appreciate this area: many oases here are surprisingly uncrowded and almost wild.
• With over 250 smaller islands, many are also worth visiting if you want to deeply understand the local lifestyle and culture. Some of my best memories of Hong Kong come from visiting islands like these, so they're definitely not off your must-see list either.

All regions except the small islands are connected by metro lines, as well as numerous ferry, bus and car routes.

If you're not visiting Hong Kong for a beach holiday, you'll likely spend most of your time on Hong Kong Island and Kowloon: most of the museums, hotels, restaurants, boutiques, and observation decks are located there. But, again, a lot of interesting things await you in other areas!

I usually book hotels on Booking -, before that you can check if there are better prices using this one. You can view options for renting an apartment from local residents.

Islands

As I already mentioned, Hong Kong also consists of 250 small islands, which I can definitely recommend. Of course, you won’t be able to visit them all, and you don’t need to, but three or four are quite possible.

Lantau Island

It is often mentioned as the only island worth visiting, although in my opinion you will find others in Hong Kong that deserve equal attention.

You can get to Lantau by metro. Heading to Disneyland? Get off at the station, which is called Disneyland, and if you are going to visit the giant Buddha and the fishing village of Tai O, you should go to Tung Chung station, where you can transfer to the famous Ngong Ping 360 cable car.

There are two types of cabins on Ngong Ping: traditional and glass-bottomed, so-called Crystal Cabins. I certainly recommend the latter: at first the feeling is creepy, and it seems that you are about to fail, but then you realize that it is worth it: I have never seen anything like this anywhere else. Although, if you are afraid of heights, feel free to choose a regular booth, as there are often huge queues at Crystal, and the view from both is stunning! A round trip will cost you $185 in a regular cabin and $255 in a transparent cabin. These carriers also offer their Tai O village tours and boat trips. More information

Cheng Chau Island

You can get here from the same Central Pier. The trip will take 30-50 minutes. Tickets range from $14 to $20 depending on the day of the week.

The island, in my opinion, is not as original as Lamma, but it is also quite pleasant. If Lamma is such a mini-village, then Cheng Chau is more of a town. The roads there are asphalt or tiled. There is even a school, a stadium and a helipad.

There are also many interesting open-air temples (the oldest is Pak Thai, built in 1783), restaurants with seafood (the island is a fishing island!), as well as shops where you can buy them fresh, and, of course, beaches. There are few tourists on Cheng Chao, the shores are uncrowded and clean. Many say that the best are in Hong Kong, but I, as a person who is indifferent to beaches, will not say so. The most popular beach on the island is Thung Van.

Caves are also popular among tourists, of which there are many on the island. According to legends, pirates came here and hid treasures, which they say have not yet been found. So be sure to try your luck!

The island even has its own Great Wall of China! In fact, this, of course, is not a wall at all, although it is called the Mini Chinese Wall, but a 400-500-meter long pedestrian road with beautiful rocky landscapes, popular among tourists.

If you're on this island in the spring, go to the bun festival! At the beginning of the 20th century, a plague epidemic began on the island, and local residents built an altar at the Pak Tai temple and began to pray that the disease would quickly leave the village. Soon the epidemic miraculously ended, but the celebration remained. Unfortunately, I didn’t make it to the festival, but my friends from Hong Kong say that you should definitely visit it at least once, and they themselves enjoy going there. During the holiday, they organize a parade, play musical instruments, and, of course, bake a lot of buns.

If you like traveling to small islands, you shouldn't stop there, especially if you have the time. The islands of Peng Chau, Tsin Yi, Pok Toi - the list goes on, but in general you will not find anything original and unique there if you have visited the three described islands. However, if you like small pieces of sushi, pay attention to a couple more. But don't forget, there is also something to see in other areas!

Top attractions

Hong Kong has a huge number of attractions, and no matter how much time you decide to spend there, I guarantee you that you will not sit idle. I’ll try to highlight the top 10 places that are a must-visit for everyone, and if it doesn’t seem like enough, I’m sure you’ll find many more that you’ll like.

Weather

The climate in Hong Kong is subtropical and not everyone can withstand it - it is very humid and hot there.

General climate characteristics

In summer, temperatures rise to +35-37 - and this is with almost 100% humidity! In addition, in the summer in Hong Kong, like in all Asian countries, it is the rainy season, so June-August is not the best time to visit if you are not a fan of heat. There is also a high chance of typhoons and severe cyclones during the summer months.

Life-threatening typhoons in Hong Kong are extremely rare, but even the most insignificant holidays can be spoiled - in the rain you won’t particularly enjoy the views, beaches and walks.

When is the best time to go?

I’ll add on my own that May and September are also not the most pleasant months; in terms of temperature, the weather is not much different from summer, only there is less rain. As a girl, during these months I faced the following problem: after washing my hair did not dry for several hours, it was so humid!

But in October it becomes more or less pleasant to be in the city: the temperature drops to a comfortable 22-25. The most favorable month for visiting is November, the average monthly temperature in November is about 20 degrees, and the amount of precipitation is minimal. But in December-January the real “cold weather” begins, winter sets in - at least in the understanding of Hong Kong residents: the temperature drops to +14-18, and frosts also occur at night, although they are rare. I haven’t been to Hong Kong in winter, but I think December-January will also be quite comfortable. But starting in March, the amount and duration of rains begins to gradually increase, however, the temperature also increases.

You can't do without warm clothes

It is important to know that in Hong Kong there are very large differences between the temperature outside and inside: air conditioning is very popular there. Moreover, they cool the rooms to very low temperatures: entering inside you invariably get goosebumps. So, if you catch a cold easily, I advise you to always take a jacket with you.

Personally, I would have been glad if I had been warned about this in advance, since the first couple of days were very unpleasant, and people who neglected warm clothes had a constant sore throat. So, if you, like me, have a weak immune system, I advise you to be on alert.

Money

Hong Kong, as I already mentioned, has its own currency – the Hong Kong dollar. One dollar is equal to approximately 8-10 rubles. Finding a currency exchange office in the city is not a problem, but rubles are most often not exchanged there, so it’s better not to risk it and bring dollars or euros.

At the airport, the exchange rate is usually a little worse than you can find in the city, so I advise you to pay attention to exchange rates in different parts of the city while walking; it’s difficult to recommend any specific exchanger.

Payment by card

If you are traveling with a bank card, it will be even easier for you: you can safely withdraw money from ATMs; the Central Bank often offers a much more favorable rate than at many exchange offices. That's how I've always done it. However, keep in mind that there will still be some kind of commission, so it’s better not to withdraw 100 dollars 10 times - take 1000 at once.

There shouldn’t be any big problems with paying by card; in European-style restaurants and in most supermarkets they are accepted without problems, but if you go to a purely Chinese restaurant (you’ll immediately understand what I mean when you arrive), they are usually tiny, with round tables, and Almost no one speaks English), keep in mind that you cannot pay by card there, so you will have to withdraw some cash and have it with you.

Octopus card

Be sure to purchase an Octopus card - it will become your unique currency in Hong Kong. This is a card on which you put money in special terminals or 7-eleven stores, and then use it to travel on the subway or to pay in many supermarkets. It is also accepted in some restaurants.

This is very convenient because you don’t need to carry cash with you, and using public transport is cheaper than buying a simple ticket. Don’t worry if your balance is almost zero—you can lose up to $50 on your card, except when traveling to the airport. You can purchase it directly upon arrival at the exit of the building for $100, which will immediately go to your account. The card does not expire, so if you decide to return to Hong Kong, you can use it again, and even if there are some funds left on it, they will not disappear anywhere.

Moving around the country

Hong Kong has a well-developed transport system: there are 11 metro lines, buses, trams and ferries running between the islands.

Metro

The MRT connects Hong Kong Island, Kowloon and Hong Kong Island. You can take the metro to Disneyland, as well as to the airport. One of the lines (considered a railway, not a metro) will take you to the border with the Chinese province of Guangdong. That is, you can literally take the metro to China and cross the border there.

Trams

Be sure to take a ride on Hong Kong's double-decker trams (Ding Ding), because they have been preserved since the beginning of the 20th century, when the first tram line was opened in Hong Kong. Now this is more a tribute to tradition than full-fledged transport: trams run only on Hong Kong Island in a straight line, that is, you will not get to other areas on it.

But it’s worth a ride just to feel the atmosphere of old Hong Kong. Although, sometimes it’s even convenient and I used them often: one of these trams took me from work straight to home.

Automobile

I don’t see much point in moving around Hong Kong by car, because all attractions (with the exception of a few beaches) can be easily reached by public transport, but to travel to Hong Kong you will still need special numbers, and in general there will be a lot of paperwork. But, if you still want to go to the beach by car for a day, you can rent it from companies familiar to European consumers, such as Avis or Hertz. Renting a car per day from, for example, Avis will cost you from 130 US dollars (1000 Hong Kong dollars). You can find out more information, for example, in the travelask section.

Connection

Hong Kong is an ultra-modern city, so its entire territory, including even remote beaches, has 4G. So, if your phone supports 4G, feel free to buy a SIM card from one of the operators (I, for example, recommend China Mobile) and use unlimited Internet. You do not need to present any documents to purchase. The SIM card itself with a basic set of services will cost you about 60–70 Hong Kong dollars, and then you can pay extra for those services that you need beyond the offered volume. China Mobile offers several types of pre-paid SIM cards depending on your needs. You can get acquainted.

However, if you are not an Internet addict, like me, and do not feel the need to check social networks every hour (or can bear it), and use the Internet only for business, you can relax: there are no problems with Wi-Fi in Hong Kong either. You can always find a restaurant or coffee shop with free access, although it is often password protected. All shopping centers as well as 7-Eleven stores also offer free access.

Language and communication

The language spoken in Hong Kong is Cantonese, a dialect of Mandarin Chinese also spoken in Guangdong Province.

At the same time, they also teach Mandarin at school, that is, they understand it, but they speak and answer reluctantly - this is reflected in the dislike in mainland China. More than 95% of the population call Cantonese their native language.

Problems with English

Despite its former status as a British colony, English is not all that great here. When I first arrived in Hong Kong, I expected excellent English from everyone here - but I was disappointed: yes, in the business sphere, in expensive hotels, restaurants this is indeed true, but outside... With expensive places and business everything is clear: Hong Kong is one of the largest financial centers; when applying for a job in a foreign company, be it an investment bank or a hotel, you must speak well.

But if you drive a little away from the center, what can you do, just go to a Chinese restaurant in an alley between skyscrapers, and not knowing a WORD of English is a completely standard situation. In some places there wasn't even a menu in English at all. What have I never seen! Sometimes they didn’t even know the word money (that’s how I tried to explain that I was ready to pay the bill)! And they explained to me with gestures, and shouted, in a word, they tried with all their might. Usually it ended up that there was someone who spoke a little better English and we were able to explain ourselves. Yes, of course, it didn’t come to this every time; in many of these places they knew the basic vocabulary, but I’m not describing isolated cases. So be prepared for anything. However, there were no very serious problems. I just expected much better. With the exception of these purely Chinese places, everything is quite suitable for life, in any case, in transport everything is dubbed in English, so you don’t get lost.

Useful phrases

However, a few phrases will help you in an emergency:

• Hello - ney ho.
• Ok / good – ho.
• Thank you/Sorry – yikes.
• Score, please - m-goy, may-dan.
• One, two, three - yat, yii, saam.
• Yes/no – hi/m-hai.
• Do you have...? – lei yau mo...?
• What is the price? – ni goh gay doh chin?
• Water - shui.
• I take (buy) - ngoy yiu maay ni goh.

Features of mentality

Although Hong Kong is now considered part of China, and in fact the region is very small, local residents have a developed sense of national pride. They are proud to be born in Hong Kong and grateful for the opportunities this gives them. They strongly resist the influence of mainland China and attempts by politicians to change their usual way of life. They treat the mainland Chinese, if not with hostility, then somewhat dismissively and a little with humor. More than once I have encountered the fact that my friends made fun of the Chinese who come to Hong Kong for the weekend with huge suitcases, or those who could not figure out how to buy a ticket from the machine, they say, they are not from here, what can they get from them, so we are a different matter. It was extremely funny to watch this, because I’m an uninitiated person and didn’t see any difference. However, if you spend enough time in Hong Kong, you begin to notice the differences.

Attitude towards foreigners

Foreigners are generally treated favorably, because they have long been accustomed to them: just think about the volume of foreign investment in Hong Kong and the number of foreign companies. The exception, perhaps, is the very older generation, which subconsciously perceives all foreigners as invaders. However, this is a kind of insider information, no one will say this to your face - the Chinese usually smile and be polite in any situation when communicating in person.

In everyday life, of course, you will meet different people: in Hong Kong, both in the subway and on the street, people like to jostle, and in small-town restaurants you won’t get much “service,” but all this is not because you are a foreigner, it’s just the way things are. Both ordinary Hong Kongers and you will be treated equally.

In general, I never felt hostility towards myself, even on the streets they didn’t pay special attention, as in mainland China - they were used to it, in a word. If you move away from the center, people will look more, but no one will ask to be photographed. So in this regard, Hong Kong is quite hospitable.

Food and drink

The food is perhaps one of the best things about Hong Kong. I remember Cantonese cuisine with complete delight and can talk about it for hours.

In some ways it is similar to traditional Chinese: a lot of rice and noodles, which are always eaten with anything, plenty of spices (but not spicy ones), constant tea for breakfast, lunch and dinner... But there are also significant differences.

Cantonese cuisine

Mainly distributed in Hong Kong and Guangdong Province. Its distinctive feature is that it uses simple spices, such as ginger, and you will not find the spiciness that is characteristic of Sichuan cuisine here. It also differs in that everyone is used to cooking here, including internal organs, as well as exotic animals. So you won’t surprise anyone with snakes or gills here.

Of course, you don’t often see such variety in restaurant menus, but in local shops you can buy all this and cook it at home, which is something the locals actively do. In restaurants everything is more or less standardized, but there is also some exotic stuff. For example, chicken legs are very popular among Hong Kongers. But these are not legs in our understanding, that is, their upper part, where there is a lot of meat. These are exactly the legs - with fingers, cartilage and all the accompanying delights. Europeans do not understand this dish, and I am no exception: there is no meat, but eating the skin from bony chicken fingers is still a pleasure. Nevertheless, it’s probably worth trying once, the dish is very popular and you will find it in every restaurant.

I’ll say right away that if you don’t like rice, noodles and seafood, you probably won’t understand all the charm of this cuisine. But for me she was perfect.

Signature dish

The crown jewel, so to speak, of Cantonese cuisine is dim sum, a general name for snacks in a variety of forms.

These include buns, dumplings, rolls, and spring rolls - a real paradise awaits you here. You will be offered a huge list of possible fillings, ranging from banal pork to squid and shrimp. Everyone will find something to their taste, because the products are the freshest. I couldn’t find a replacement for all this in Moscow, and, honestly, I’m ready to go back just for the food! Don’t be shy about ordering a lot, there will be 3-4 pieces in one serving, that’s the point of dim sum. They are designed as appetizers to try everything as much as possible, and everyone can choose the main course for themselves. When we came to a restaurant in a large group, we did exactly this, ordering a little of everything.

Almost everything is delicious, so feel free to choose what you like.

Shopping

Shopping in Hong Kong is an expensive pleasure. It is by looking at this aspect of life that you understand the whole meaning of Hong Kong: luxury coexists with poverty, and you can buy everything - from the most low-grade Chinese goods to branded items for several thousand dollars.

Holidays with children

When traveling to Hong Kong with children, there are many things you need to consider. I probably wouldn’t recommend going with very small children: the holiday is still not a beach holiday, that is, you will need to walk a lot, move around and in general, you will not sit still, which is very difficult for children.

It sometimes takes a long time to get to many beaches and beautiful places and requires more than one type of transport, and you are unlikely to overcome the 15-kilometer walking routes (which are a must!) with children.

You also need to take into account the long and tiring flight and the difficult climate for most of the year, as well as the problem with air conditioning, which I mentioned above. And besides Disneyland and Ocean Park (another amusement park), there are no special events for children. So older guys will be much more comfortable in Hong Kong.

Safety

Hong Kong is a relatively safe city, at least for tourists. Occasionally, stories about fights between local residents flash in the news, but in the vast majority of cases, tourists are not involved in them, except by accident. I wouldn’t take this seriously, these are conflicts between locals, and they happen quite rarely. But, if you want to protect yourself just in case, it is better not to be at Jordan and Ya Ma Tei stations late in the evening - they are considered the most “unsafe”.

There are no dangerous areas as such in Hong Kong, you can safely go wherever you want. The center is calm even late at night, people walk freely along the streets, many young people simply move from bar to bar. Use public transport, it is not dangerous even at night.

In short, Hong Kong is one of the most crime-free cities in the world. Precautionary measures, of course, haven’t hurt anyone yet, but overall, feel at home.

5 things you must do in this country

1. Don't limit yourself to Hong Kong Island when sightseeing. Be sure to visit the beaches and islands, then the city will open up to you in all its diversity.
2. Try Dim Sum - I assure you, you will become a big fan like me! Hong Kongers know a lot about food.
3. Spend the whole night at LKF (Lan Kwai Fong), going from bar to bar or just standing on the street with a beer from a nearby shop. You will realize that Hong Kong people know how to have fun, and you will make many interesting contacts.
4. Go through at least one long walking route - the impressions of this beauty will remain unforgettable.
5. Take a ride on the old trams: you will feel the atmosphere of old Hong Kong, and at the same time you will be able to see the island! But buy an Octopus card: you will save both money and time.

Nearby countries

From Hong Kong, of course, you can and should travel to neighboring countries. In fact, it’s not in vain that you flew for nine hours? The options are as follows.

Mainland China

An important question that often arises for travelers to Hong Kong: is it possible to travel from Hong Kong to the mainland without a visa? Yes and no. That is, of course, you will not be allowed in; you will have to take care of a visa in advance, or submit documents at the consulate in Hong Kong. The second option, as my experience has shown, does not always work: consulate employees think that if they came for two weeks, they could think about a visa at home. The document can also be made at the Hong Kong airport at China Travel Services in a few hours, but I cannot say how true this is. Price: 20-60 US dollars (150-500 Hong Kong).

Guangdong

An easier option is to visit Guangdong province, neighboring Hong Kong. The province has a special status: you can enter there without a visa as part of a tourist group or on your own, providing a hotel reservation. There are also difficulties with this: young girls from Russia are often not allowed in if they travel alone. It’s difficult to say how this is explained, but from my own experience I can say that I, at that time 22 years old, was turned around and waved, even though I was going shopping for one day.

However, young girls, don’t be upset, the Americans are even more unlucky, they don’t like to let them all in at any age, but we always have the opportunity to try our luck later. If you were missed, welcome to Shenzhen, a border city. There you can buy good electronics and all sorts of counterfeits - most often people go there specifically for this, there are a sea of ​​shopping centers, while Shenzhen itself is nothing interesting. You can get to the border checkpoint directly by metro to Lo Wu station, the ride takes about 1.5-2 hours.

China

Well, if you have a visa, you are welcome on trains, buses and planes. By train you can get to Guangzhou in 2 hours, for about 25-30 US dollars (from 210 HK). Departure times can be viewed at chinatrainguide.com. There are also buses from the airport to various points in Guangdong Province. Details Well, you can fly to many cities in China; there are direct flights to almost all regional centers. Tickets start at $90-$100. A ticket to the city will cost you about 200 US dollars.

Macau

This curious city on the sea coast is formally part of China and a former Portuguese colony.

Portuguese is still considered one of the official languages. The ferry ride will take you about an hour, but you will have to cross the border - Macau has its own visa rules.

Nothing bad awaits you, just a routine document check. So be sure to take your passport with you, otherwise they will not let you through. People usually come here to play in the casino; it’s a kind of Asian Las Vegas. But besides gambling, there is something to do there: see old Portuguese architecture, climb a tower with a panoramic restaurant, or see the real Venice at the Venetian Casino.

Everything there, of course, is artificial, even the sky, but it looks very authentic. In a word, I recommend it.

Malaysia, Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand

From Hong Kong you can also fly to other countries in Southeast Asia in 2-3 hours. The listed tickets can be purchased at very reasonable prices, and Russians will not need a visa. The cheapest thing (about $100) you can fly to Malaysia and. Tickets to other countries are slightly more expensive.

Singapore

I would like to mention separately. Formally, only transit is allowed for Russians. But it can last up to 72 hours - and this is more than enough to explore the area.

You still need to have a return ticket or a ticket to a third country: you will need to present it at Hong Kong airport upon departure and upon arrival. So I highly recommend visiting any of the nearby countries with a transit in Singapore - the country is also amazing. Tickets start at $120.

Transfer from the city to the airport in Hong Kong will cost you 12 US dollars (100 Hong Kong Octopus card).

The official name is Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Chinese possession with the right of autonomy. It is located on the sea coast of Southeast China, east of the mouth of the Pearl River, directly bordering the city of Shenzhen, Guangdong Province. It includes Hong Kong Island, Kowloon Peninsula and the New Territories. Area 1092 km2 (land area 990 km2), population 6.787 million people. (2002). Official languages: Chinese (Cantonese), English. The currency is the Hong Kong dollar.

Member of the WTO, APEC, ADB, ICFTU, CGT, etc.

Sights of Hong Kong (Hong Kong)

Geography of Hong Kong (Hong Kong)

Washed by the South China Sea. Includes more than 200 islands off the southern coast of China. The terrain is mountainous with steep spurs, in the northern part there are low plains (drained areas). Climatic conditions favor the development of lush vegetation in the form of bamboo groves and mountain meadows. Located in the subtropics. Average temperature +22°C. During the year, the dry season (September-April) and the rainy season (May-August) alternate.

Population of Hong Kong (Hong Kong)

Population density approx. 5200 people per 1 km2. In 1990-2002, the total population of Hong Kong grew by more than 1 million people. The birth rate decreased from 12.0 to 7.1%, while the mortality rate remained low at 5.0-5.2%. Child (under 1 year) mortality 2.4 people. per 1000 newborns. The average life expectancy for men is 78.4 years, for women 84.6 years. In the entire population, 48.28% are men and 51.72% are women. Level of education of the adult population: primary - 21.6%, incomplete secondary - 16.8%, complete secondary - 30.2%, higher - 4.5%.

The majority of Hong Kong residents (98%) are ethnic Chinese. Filipinos, Indians, and Europeans - the British and Portuguese - also live here.

Almost all major religions are represented in Hong Kong - Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Hinduism, Judaism, local traditional beliefs, as well as Christianity.

History of Hong Kong (Hong Kong)

The history of Hong Kong's trade with European countries dates back to St. 400 years. European countries exported tea and silk from China through Hong Kong, but in the 18th century. with increased demand in European countries for these goods, the trade balance began to grow in favor of China. Under these conditions, a product was found that was in good demand in China - opium. The Qing Empire tried to limit the import of opium, but Great Britain began military action, defeated China in the opium wars, and in 1842, under the Treaty of Nanjing, the island of Hong Kong was transferred to Great Britain, later in 1860, under the Treaty of Beijing - the southern part of the Kowloon Peninsula and the adjacent 200 islands, and in 1898 Great Britain annexed new territories on the Kowloon Peninsula to Hong Kong under a 99-year lease agreement. In 1941, Hong Kong was captured by the Japanese, but after the surrender of Japan in 1945 it again became the possession of Great Britain.

Since 1982, Great Britain has been negotiating the return of Hong Kong after the end of the lease, and in September 1984 a joint Sino-British declaration was signed, according to which Hong Kong would come under the jurisdiction of the PRC from July 1, 1997. At the same time, the Chinese side pledged that this territory would have the status of a Special Administrative Region, in which there will be no changes in the political and administrative system for 50 years.

Government structure and political system of Hong Kong (Hong Kong)

In 1997, Hong Kong came under the jurisdiction of the PRC, receiving the status of a special territory of the Chinese state. Currently, Hong Kong functions as a Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China under the slogan “one country, two systems.” This means that in addition to foreign policy and defense issues, which are handled by the PRC government, the Hong Kong SAR has complete independence in managing its affairs. The highest body of legislative power is the Legislative Assembly, which was elected for the first time before the transfer of Hong Kong - in March 1996. The highest body of executive power is the governor and the Secretariat (government). The current governor is former major Hong Kong businessman Dong Jianhua, who was appointed from Beijing shortly before the transfer of Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China in 1997 and was appointed to a second term in 2002. The executive bodies are formed by a governor appointed from Beijing. The only elected body is the Legislative Assembly. The main political parties in Hong Kong are the Democratic Home Rule Party, the Hong Kong Labor Party, and the Hong Kong Social Democratic Party.

Economy of Hong Kong (Hong Kong)

Despite limited mineral reserves, Hong Kong has a rapidly developing market economy. Before the start of the Asian financial crisis of 1997-98, GDP growth rates were 7-11% per year. However, as a result of the financial crisis, the rate of economic growth decreased noticeably, and in some years there was a drop in GDP. In 2002, the GDP amounted to HK 1,259.8 billion. dollars at current prices, and per capita - 185,615 hc. dollars (or $23,800). The total number of employed people in 2002 was 3.232 million people. At the same time, there are 256 thousand unemployed, and unemployment is 7.3%, underemployment is 3.0%. After the financial crisis, until 1999 there was inflation of 3-7% per year, but since 2000 deflation began and prices began to decline by 1-3% per year.

The main component of GDP is the service sector - 85.7%. The manufacturing sector provides approx. 15% of GDP and 90% of export products. Most of the population is employed in trade, food and services - St. 50% of the employed population. Another 14% are employed in finance and real estate trading.

Textile and clothing production, manufacturing, shipbuilding, plastics production, electrical and electronic industries, watch production, and the printing industry are developed.

Only 8% of land is suitable for agriculture, so most agricultural products are imported. Nevertheless, Hong Kong meets its needs for poultry by 32%, fresh vegetables by 28%, and pork by 10%.

Hong Kong is a major transport hub in East Asia. In 2002, 235 million tons of cargo passed through Hong Kong, of which 142.2 million tons were used for unloading and 92.8 million tons for loading. The total container turnover amounted to 19.14 million standard containers. Most of the cargo flow goes through the seaport. In 1997, the new Laptok International Passenger Airport on Lantau Island was opened to replace the old Kai Tak Airport located in the city center. It serves 32.6 million passengers and 2.2 million tons of cargo per year (2001). The total length of railways is 35 km, roads - 1484 km. All means of communication are well developed in Hong Kong. There are 3.84 million telephone subscribers, 411 thousand faxes, 259 Internet service providers are registered, which serve 623 thousand users.

Most of the trade turnover is related to foreign trade. The share of domestic trade is small, and the total volume of wholesale and retail trade is only 12.7% of the total value added of GDP created in all types of trade, food and restaurant business.

Tourism plays a major role in Hong Kong's economy. In total, 16.57 million visits are made to Hong Kong throughout the year. Moreover, during the 1990s. high occupancy of hotels was ensured - from 76 to 83%. Tourism revenues amounted to US$61.5 billion. A significant portion of tourism income comes from the private sector, as many choose to stay in inexpensive private apartments, and the GDP from rental housing reaches HK 160 billion. dollars per year (or 13% of GDP) (2001).

The main directions of the economic and social policy of the Hong Kong SAR are reforms in the field of finance, housing construction, and environmental protection. Measures are being taken to promote small businesses and strengthen Hong Kong as a major regional transport hub by expanding air travel and developing transport infrastructure in the Pearl River Delta.

In 2002, cash in circulation in the form of paper money and coins amounted to HK 124.6 billion. dollars, of which 118.5 billion hc. dollars were issued by commercial banks, and HK 6.1 billion. dollars - government. In Hong Kong, in addition to the local currency, foreign currency of all types is also in circulation. At the same time, the volume of money supply in circulation significantly exceeds the volume of GDP. Hong Kong is home to one of the largest stock exchanges in the world. Turnover 1949.94 billion hc. dollars, capitalization volume - 3885.34 billion HK. dollars (2001).

In recent years, since the Asian financial crisis, there have been slight surpluses and slight deficits in the government budget, but in the 2001/02 financial year there was a budget deficit of HK 63.3 billion. dollars. Most of the budget revenues are collected through taxes on various transactions - 86.2%. At the same time, the majority of taxes are direct taxes on income and profits - approximately 44.3% of budget revenues. The expenditure side of the budget is dominated by operating expenses - 83.2%, where most of the expenses go to wages, education, health care, administrative expenses and pensions.

In the 1990s. There was an increase in average wages, which amounted to 14.6% in 2001 compared to 1992. The average monthly income of a family in Hong Kong was 21,797 HK. dollars ($2,794). At the same time, the gap between the groups of families with the highest incomes (HK$43,114) and those with the lowest (HK$8,026) was 1:5.4. On average, most of the expenses go to paying for housing - 32.2%, followed by food costs - 25.7%, transport - 9.2% and other services - 15.2%.

The volume of foreign trade is HK 3179.9 billion. dollars, exports of goods produced in S. - 1560.5 billion HK. dollars, re-export - 1429.6 billion HK. dollars, imports - 1619.4 billion HK. dollars. The main importer, by a large margin from other countries, is China - 43.5% of all imports, followed by Japan, Taiwan, the USA, and Singapore. The main exporters are China, USA, Great Britain, Germany, Taiwan. The PRC plays the leading role in re-export trade - 82.2% of all re-export trade in Hong Kong. Hong Kong is also used as a center for re-export trade by the United States, Japan, Taiwan, and to a lesser extent by the Republic of Korea, Great Britain and Germany. The total inflow of foreign investment into Hong Kong is HK482.2 billion. dollars (61.8 billion US dollars), outflow - 462.5 billion Hong Kong. dollars ($59.3 billion) (2000). Most of the investments come from the Virgin Islands, China and Singapore. The overwhelming majority of investments from Hong Kong go to China (78% of all investments).

Science and culture of Hong Kong (Hong Kong)

In Hong Kong, there are 483.2 thousand primary school students, 461.3 thousand secondary school students and 78.7 thousand students. Major universities include the University of Hong Kong, the Open University of Hong Kong and the Hong Kong Academy of Fine Arts.