The onset of autumn cold eloquently indicates that the period of childhood colds is already on the threshold. Therefore, many parents are already trying to find for themselves all sorts of safe ways to treat and prevent viral diseases in their children. In this regard, interferon means are gaining more and more popularity every year. These medications can not only help a child overcome a dangerous infection, but also increase the overall resistance of immunity to all sorts of dangerous environmental challenges.

That is why the drug “Interferon” has become widespread in general pediatric practice, which can be used both as drops and as an inhalation agent.

But, despite all its popularity and its rather long existence on the market, for many parents reliable information about interferons is a problem. Therefore, today we have to find out what this remedy is and how to properly drip Interferon to a child.

Composition and pharmacological actions

The general concept of Interferon hides one of the structural features of human immunity, namely a protein that is produced by the body in response to the damaging effects of bacteria.

This structural unit interacts with the causative agent of the disease and ultimately blocks its reproduction.

Due to the fact that the child’s body is not capable of full functioning than an adult, interferon in the body of children is either not produced at all, or its quantity is not enough to independently fight the infection.

That is why in general medical practice, drugs based on this protein have become widespread in the treatment of children.

Did you know?Interferons were accidentally discovered in 1957 during experimental studies on infected mice thanks to the staff of the London National Institute of Virologists J. Lindeman and A. Isaac.

The main functions of interferons in the human body:

• stimulation of the production of substances that suppress the development of viruses;
• creating unsuitable conditions in cells for the proliferation of infectious agents;
• inhibition of general life processes of the virus.

The drug "Interferon" is a powdery mixture of alpha interferons obtained from blood leukocytes. Moreover, they may include several types of protein compounds.

The powder is produced in the form of ampoules with a dry lyophilized mixture with an amount of interferons of at least 1000 IU. When prepared, the drug is a solution with a characteristic red tint.

The main effect of the drug introduced into the body is to slow down or completely block the ability of viruses to synthesize proteins important for their development. The active effect on the body of the drug is manifested even in the case of complete cell damage.

Did you know?In modern medical practice, recombinant interferons are used, prepared using substances produced by Escherichia coli. To do this, the human interferon gene is inserted into the bacterial DNA, after which the microorganism begins to actively produce it.

At the same time, at the stage of penetration into the cell and adsorption in the body, the drug remains powerless.
But the substance plays an indirect role in suppressing the virus in the first stages. It lies in the fact that the components stimulate the synthesis of important antiviral enzymes in the body and help increase the concentration of nitric oxide in the cell, which plays a key role in suppressing viruses.

In addition to the above, the active components help block the release of virion components, as well as the synthesis of its RNA.

The maximum concentration of the drug substance is observed in the blood within 3-12 hours after parenteral administration to the body, but after 16-24 hours, traces of the drug administration completely disappear. Moreover, its bioavailability is about 100%, regardless of the methods of administration.

What does it help with?

The main function of Interferon is its antiviral and immunomodulatory effects on the body during ARVI.

Therefore, its key task is to increase the protective functions of the child’s immunity, as well as to help the infected body overcome the spread of infection in the most natural way.

However, the remedy is quite effectively used in the treatment of:

• hepatitis B and C types;
• pointed kandiloma;
• myelomas;
• Kaposi's sarcoma in cases of AIDS;
• kidney carcinomas;
• leukemia;
• malignant melanoma.

Can it be used for babies?

Today, referring to general pediatric practice and instructions for use of the product, we can safely say that Interferon in ampoules is recommended for infants. However, there are some features that every parent should know.

In modern medicine, there are two forms of it: natural, made from human blood leukocytes, and artificial.

Unlike the natural form, the main advantage of the artificial form is complete safety and the absence of the possibility of infecting the child with any disease from the donor.
However, despite this, to date, WHO has not registered a single official case of human infection with infectious diseases through the use of natural forms of this drug.

Instillation into the nose: course and dosage

According to the official instructions for the use of Interferon in ampoules for children, the use and preparation of this drug does not require special knowledge and skills. Therefore, many decide to make the product themselves.

However, in order for the entire process of treating the baby to be as successful as possible, you need to resort to some tricks of the procedure, which we will talk about later.

Important! According to the general rules for using the product, it should not be instilled simultaneously with vasoconstrictor and steroid-containing nasal drops, as this can cause quite serious consequences for the body.

Dilution of the solution

To prepare an aqueous solution of the drug correctly, you first need to carefully open the glass ampoule. To do this, you need to cut the glass container along a special opening strip using a special disposable cutter (included with each box).
After you have cut the ampoule, you need to break off the top cap of the container. However, it is not recommended to do this with bare hands, as otherwise you can cut yourself.

It is best to cover the cap with a handkerchief or a piece of ordinary cloth, after which you can break it more or less safely.

After you have managed to open the ampoule, you need to pour a small amount of clean distilled or boiled water into it up to the special mark on the ampoule. Next, the mixture must be thoroughly mixed; this can be done using a clean stick, syringe needle, etc.

You can also mix the solution by simply shaking it.

Did you know?Interferons are vital for the development of human sociality. Studies have shown that blocking its synthesis in the body contributes to the development of social exclusion in an individual.

If there is no label for water on the ampoule, the powder must be diluted with a volume of no more than 2 ml. At home, this amount can be measured with a simple medical syringe. The prepared liquid must be poured into a special bottle for instillation, or into any other container with a lid.

How to bury

After preparing the solution, it is important to find out how much children need to drip it to achieve the desired effect and how to do it correctly. Interferon using a special bottle with a spout; if it is not available, use a regular pipette.

Interferon needs to be used very often and a lot. At least 5 drops in each nasal passage, every 2 hours, but more often than 6 times a day. In case of a cold, the procedure must be carried out for at least 3 days.

For preventive purposes, the product is instilled 5 drops into each nostril, and the procedure should be carried out no more than 2 times a day with a break of at least 6 hours throughout the week. In the case of treatment or prevention of illness in an infant, special turundas moistened with 2-3 drops of the substance are used.

To do this, it is necessary to twist elongated tubes from ordinary cotton wool, which are alternately inserted into each opening of the baby’s nose for 10-15 minutes. The procedure is carried out no more than 4-6 times a day.

Solution for inhalation

Using the active components of the drug, you can make one of the best preparations for inhalation, which has the best stimulating properties for the general immunity of the body.

Dilutions of the solution

The inhalation solution is prepared using a mixture of 3 bottles of dry substance and 5 ml of clean boiled or distilled water. The basic principles of the method described above for preparing a substance for instillation into the nose are ideal for this.

How to use

The procedure is carried out no more than 2 times a day. To do this, it is best to opt not for a steam inhaler, but for an ultrasound inhaler, since in this case the usefulness of the manipulation will be much higher.
In addition, in this case, the baby will be almost 100% safe from possible burns from hot air streams. During the rapid course of the disease, inhalations should be carried out for at least 3 days, for preventive purposes - about 7-10 days.

Precautionary measures

The medicine is quite safe, but it should be used with extreme caution in children suffering from chronic allergic reactions. It should also be noted that if there is a medical history, the drug should be used exclusively under the strict supervision of medical specialists.

In addition, in the early stages of treatment, the patient must be subjected to hydration therapy, and if sedatives, hypnotics or opioid analgesics are used, the baby must be carefully monitored.

Contraindications and side effects

Despite its effectiveness, safety and high effect, not everyone can use solutions of Interferon, since the substance can cause side effects.

The use of the product is strictly prohibited when:

• individual intolerance to components;
• impaired functioning of the kidneys and liver;
• neuralgic disorders, including epilepsy;
• diseases of the thyroid gland that are resistant to general therapeutic methods;
• severe heart defects and cardiovascular system;
• history of individual intolerance to chicken protein and antibiotic drugs.

Important!When the first side effects appear in a child, it is necessary to immediately consult a doctor, since only in this case it is possible to avoid serious consequences for the child’s body.

In addition, Interferon can cause quite serious consequences after use. These include:

• complex allergic reactions;
• increased body temperature;
• digestive system disorders (loss of appetite, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting);
• dermatological manifestations on the skin (rash, dry skin, alopecia);
• arrhythmia or arterial hypotension;
• sleep disturbance, headache, drowsiness and general weakness in the body;

Period and storage conditions of the finished solution

In its prepared form, Interferon is stored for no more than 3 days at a temperature of 2 to 8 ° C, after which it is necessary to prepare a new batch of the substance.

In this article we learned what Interferon is in ampoules and how to properly dilute the drug for. The product provides powerful support to the human body in the fight against many infectious colds.

However, in order for the use of the medication to be truly effective and safe, it is necessary to strictly follow the conditions for preparing solutions of the drug according to the instructions.

Instructions for use

Altevir instructions for use

Dosage form

Solution for injections transparent, colorless

Compound

human recombinant interferon alpha-2b 3 million IU/ml

Excipients: sodium acetate, sodium chloride, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt, Tween-80, dextran 40, water for injection.

Pharmacodynamics

Interferon. Altevir® has antiviral, immunomodulatory, antiproliferative and antitumor effects.

Interferon alpha-2b, interacting with specific receptors on the cell surface, initiates a complex chain of changes inside the cell, including the induction of the synthesis of a number of specific cytokines and enzymes, and disrupts the synthesis of viral RNA and viral proteins in the cell. The result of these changes is nonspecific antiviral and antiproliferative activity associated with the prevention of viral replication in the cell, inhibition of cell proliferation and the immunomodulatory effect of interferon. Interferon alpha-2b stimulates the process of antigen presentation to immunocompetent cells, has the ability to stimulate the phagocytic activity of macrophages, as well as the cytotoxic activity of T cells and “natural killer” cells involved in antiviral immunity.

Prevents cell proliferation, especially tumor cells. It has an inhibitory effect on the synthesis of some oncogenes, leading to inhibition of tumor growth.

Pharmacokinetics

Suction

With subcutaneous or intramuscular administration of interferon alfa-2b, its bioavailability ranges from 80% to 100%. After administration of interferon alpha-2b, Tmax in blood plasma is 4-12 hours, T1/2 - 2-6 hours. 16-24 hours after administration, recombinant interferon is not detected in blood serum.

Metabolism

Metabolism occurs in the liver.

Alpha interferons can disrupt oxidative metabolic processes, reducing the activity of microsomal liver enzymes of the cytochrome P450 system.

Removal

It is excreted mainly by the kidneys by glomerular filtration.

Side effects

General reactions: very often - fever, weakness (they are dose-dependent and reversible reactions, disappear within 72 hours after a break in treatment or its cessation), chills; less often - malaise.

From the side of the central nervous system: very often - headache; less often - asthenia, drowsiness, dizziness, irritability, insomnia, depression, suicidal thoughts and attempts; rarely - nervousness, anxiety.

From the musculoskeletal system: very often - myalgia; less often - arthralgia.

From the digestive system: very often - loss of appetite, nausea; less often - vomiting, diarrhea, dry mouth, change in taste; rarely - abdominal pain, dyspepsia; a reversible increase in liver enzyme activity is possible.

From the cardiovascular system: often - decreased blood pressure; rarely - tachycardia.

Dermatological reactions: less often - alopecia, increased sweating; rarely - skin rash, itching.

From the hematopoietic system: reversible leukopenia, granulocytopenia, decreased hemoglobin levels, thrombocytopenia are possible.

Other: rarely - weight loss, autoimmune thyroiditis.

Selling Features

prescription

Special conditions

Before treatment with Altevir for chronic viral hepatitis B and C, it is recommended to perform a liver biopsy to assess the degree of liver damage (signs of active inflammatory process and/or fibrosis). The effectiveness of treatment of chronic hepatitis C increases with combination therapy with Altevir and ribavirin. The use of Altevir is not effective in the development of decompensated liver cirrhosis or hepatic coma.

If side effects occur during treatment with Altevir, the dose of the drug should be reduced by 50% or the drug should be temporarily discontinued until they disappear. If side effects persist or recur after dose reduction, or disease progression is observed, treatment with Altevir should be discontinued.

If the platelet level decreases below 50x109/l or the granulocyte level below 0.75x109/l, it is recommended to reduce the Altevir dose by 2 times with blood test monitoring after 1 week. If these changes persist, the drug should be discontinued.

If the platelet level decreases below 25x109/l or the granulocyte level below 0.5x109/l, it is recommended to discontinue Altevir® with blood test monitoring after 1 week.

In patients receiving interferon alpha-2b preparations, antibodies that neutralize its antiviral activity can be detected in the blood serum. In almost all cases, antibody titers are low; their appearance does not lead to a decrease in the effectiveness of treatment or the occurrence of other autoimmune disorders.

Indications

As part of complex therapy in adults:

With chronic viral hepatitis B without signs of liver cirrhosis;

For chronic viral hepatitis C in the absence of symptoms of liver failure (monotherapy or combination therapy with ribavirin);

With papillomatosis of the larynx;

For genital warts;

For hairy cell leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, melanoma, multiple myeloma, Kaposi's sarcoma due to AIDS, progressive kidney cancer.

Contraindications

history of severe cardiovascular disease (uncontrolled chronic heart failure, recent myocardial infarction, severe heart rhythm disturbances);

Severe renal and/or liver failure (including those caused by the presence of metastases);

Epilepsy, as well as severe disorders of the central nervous system, especially expressed by depression, suicidal thoughts and attempts (including a history);

Chronic hepatitis with decompensated liver cirrhosis and in patients receiving or recently receiving treatment with immunosuppressants (with the exception of completed short-term treatment with corticosteroids);

Autoimmune hepatitis or other autoimmune disease;

Treatment with immunosuppressants after transplantation;

Disease of the thyroid gland that cannot be controlled by generally accepted therapeutic methods;

Decompensated lung diseases (including COPD);

Decompensated diabetes mellitus;

Hypercoagulation (including thrombophlebitis, thromboembo

Drug interactions

Drug interactions between Altevir and other drugs have not been fully studied. Altevir should be used with caution simultaneously with hypnotics and sedatives, narcotic analgesics and drugs that potentially have a myelosuppressive effect.

When Altevir and theophylline are prescribed simultaneously, the concentration of the latter in the blood serum should be monitored and, if necessary, its dosage regimen should be changed.

When Altevir is used in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs (cytarabine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, teniposide), the risk of developing toxic effects increases.

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Mode of application

Dosage

Apply subcutaneously, intramuscularly and intravenously. Treatment must be started by a doctor. Then, with the permission of the doctor, the patient can administer a maintenance dose independently (in cases where the drug is prescribed subcutaneously or intramuscularly).

Chronic hepatitis B: Altevir® is administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly at a dose of 5-10 million IU 3 times a week for 16-24 weeks. Treatment is stopped after 3-4 months of use in the absence of positive dynamics (according to a study of hepatitis B virus DNA).

Chronic hepatitis C: Altevir® is administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly at a dose of 3 million IU 3 times a week for 24-48 weeks. In patients with a relapsing course of the disease and patients who have not previously received treatment with interferon alfa-2b, the effectiveness of treatment increases with combination therapy with ribavirin. The duration of combination therapy is at least 24 weeks. Therapy with Altevir should be carried out for 48 weeks in patients with chronic hepatitis C and the 1st genotype of the virus with a high viral load, in whom hepatitis C virus RNA is not detected in the blood serum by the end of the first 24 weeks of treatment.

Laryngeal papillomatosis: Altevir® is administered subcutaneously at a dose of 3 million IU/m2 3 times a week. Treatment begins after surgical (or laser) removal of the tumor tissue. The dose is selected taking into account the tolerability of the drug. Achieving a positive response may require treatment for 6 months.

Hairy cell leukemia: the recommended dose of Altevir for subcutaneous administration to patients after or without splenectomy is 2 million IU/m2 3 times a week. In most cases, normalization of one or more hematological parameters occurs after 1-2 months of treatment; it is possible to increase the treatment period to 6 months.

We will analyze the properties of the drug, indications for its use, instructions for use, etc.

Characteristics of the drug

Leukocyte human interferon (international name - interferon alpha) is available in two forms - a solution for inhalation and intranasal use and a dry lyophilized powder (sometimes compressed into tablets). The liquid form has a shade from colorless to light pink, the dry form - from white to pinkish.

Human leukocyte interferon (Interferon leukocytic human) is a complex of proteins that are synthesized by leukocytes of donor blood under the influence of an interferon inducer virus. They undergo purification using ultra- and microfiltration methods.

Analogs of this immunomodulatory drug:

The product can be used in combination with other medications. The drug is available without a doctor's prescription and is valid for 2 years from the date of manufacture. It must be stored in a cool (2-8 degrees above zero) place, protected from light. Keep away from children!

Average prices for human leukocyte interferon are relatively low. So, in most pharmacies a pack of 10 ampoules of the drug will cost rubles.

Composition of the drug

1 ml of liquid human leukocyte interferon contains:

• Interferon alphaME.
• Sodium chloride - 0.09 mg.
• Sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate - 0.06 mg.
• Sodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate - 0.003 mg.
• Distilled water for injection - about 1 ml.

Pharmacological properties

This immunomodulatory drug belongs to the pharmacological group of cytokines. Its properties are as follows:

• Immunostimulation - makes the immune response stronger.
• Immunomodulation - normalizes immune status.
• Antibacterial effect - fight against various types of mixed infections.
• Antiviral effect - helps the body resist diseases such as herpes, influenza, adenoviral diseases.
• Anti-inflammatory, antitumor effect.

The dry and liquid product is non-toxic, sterile, and harmless when administered through the respiratory tract. In this case, it is prohibited to use powder for injection.

Indications for use

Human leukocyte interferon is used both for the prevention of acute viral infections and for the treatment of early forms of diseases with initial symptoms.

Indications can be divided into three main groups:

• Intranasal use: preventive measures and treatment of ARVI, influenza.
• Parenteral use: genital warts, hepatitis B and C, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, malignant melanoma, multiple myeloma, renal carcinoma, Kaposi's sarcoma in people suffering from AIDS (not suffering from acute infections at this time), hairy cell leukemia, mycosis fungoides.
• Rectal use: therapy of chronic and acute viral hepatitis.

The drug will also be effective for:

• chronic myeloid leukemia;
• primary and secondary thrombocytosis;
• transitional stage of chronic granulocytic leukemia, myelofibrosis;
• reticulosarcoma;
• multiple sclerosis.

Contraindications

Instructions for use of human leukocyte interferon indicate the following contraindications to the use of the drug:

• Epilepsy.
• Dysfunction of the central nervous system.
• Impaired functions of the kidneys, liver, and hematopoietic system.
• Organic heart diseases.
• Chronic hepatitis in persons whose recent treatment consisted of immunosuppressive drugs.
• Thyroid diseases.
• Chronic hepatitis.
• Liver cirrhosis with signs of liver failure.
• Pregnancy and lactation period.
• Allergy.
• Increased individual sensitivity to the active component - interferon alpha, as well as to all drugs of protein origin, to chicken meat and eggs.

The drug is dangerous to take in the following cases:

• The expiration date has expired.
• The integrity of the packaging has been compromised.
• There is no marking on the container.

Dosage and Application

Instructions for use of human leukocyte interferon prescribe:

• Children under 3 years of age should only administer the drug intranasally (spraying, instillation).
• Children over 3 years of age and adults are additionally allowed inhalation.

Intranasal use. The ampoule with the medicine is opened immediately before use. Then cooled boiled or sterile distilled water is added to it strictly to the 2 ml line on the capsule. The product is gently shaken until completely dissolved.

The drug is instilled into the nose using a syringe without a needle or a medical pipette. Another method is spraying: you can use either a third-party sprayer or the one that comes with the drug. The nozzle is put on the syringe without a needle, then brought close to the nasal passage or entering it about 0.5 cm. Spraying occurs by pressing the syringe plunger. The patient should sit with his head tilted up.

• Prevention: applied throughout the danger of infection. Instillation - 5 drops, spraying - 0.25 ml into each nasal passage. The manipulation is carried out up to 2 times per day with an interval of at least 6 hours.
• Treatment: when the first signs of the disease appear. 5 drops or 0.25 mg in each nostril. The procedure is repeated up to 5 times a day with an interval of 1-2 hours.

Human leukocyte interferon is administered to children and adults in equal doses.

Inhalation. Inhalation use is considered more effective. For this you need to purchase an inhaler from any manufacturer. One procedure requires the contents of three capsules, which should be dissolved in 10 ml of water heated to 37 degrees. In this method, the drug is administered through the mouth and nose twice a day for 2-3 days.

It is prohibited to inject the product!

Side effects

When using this immunomodulatory drug, the following side effects are possible:

• From the gastrointestinal tract: changes in taste, dry mouth, flatulence, constipation, vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, loss of appetite. In rare cases - liver dysfunction.
• From the central nervous system: ataxia, drowsiness or sleep disturbance, impaired consciousness, depression, nervousness.
• From the heart and blood vessels: arrhythmia, arterial hypotension.
• Dermatological consequences: skin rash, slight alopecia, erythema, dry skin.
• Flu-like syndrome: weakness, fever, myalgia, headache.
• Other: granulocytopenia, feeling of weakness, lethargy, weight loss, visual disturbances, dizziness.

special instructions

The product should be used with caution when:

• Recently suffered myocardial infarction.
• Myelodepression, changes in blood clotting.
• Elderly patients who have been diagnosed with side effects from the central nervous system when using high doses of the drug. It may even be worth interrupting treatment.
• Patients with hepatitis C should be tested for TSH levels in the blood before treatment. Only if the indicators are normal can interferon therapy be started. In other cases, thyroid function may be impaired.
• Combination with opioid analgesics, hypnotics, sedatives.

Human leukocyte interferon is an effective immunostimulating anti-infective agent. It has a number of application features and contraindications, so before use it is necessary to read the instructions.

Interferon: instructions for use, price and analogues

Interferon is an antiviral and immunomodulatory drug.

The active ingredient of this pharmacological drug is leukocyte human interferon. This is the name of a group of alpha-interferon proteins that are synthesized by blood leukocytes in the human body.

The drug is well tolerated by the human body and has virtually no contraindications. This explains the fact that Interferon is often prescribed to infants.

The manufacturer of Interferon is the Russian pharmaceutical company OJSC Biomed.

In accordance with the requirements of the instructions for use, the drug must be stored in a dark and dry place at a temperature range of 2 to 10 degrees Celsius.

Subject to storage conditions, the shelf life declared by the manufacturer of Interferon is 2 years from the release date indicated on the packaging.

It is prohibited to use this pharmacological agent for treatment after its expiration date.

Release form and price

Currently, Interferon is available in two forms:

The dry form of release is a lyophilized porous powder of pinkish or white color.

Both forms are packaged in glass ampoules. One package of medicine contains 10 ampoules.

The concentration of the antiviral drug is 1000 IU.

Interferon is distinguished by affordable prices. Of course, the cost of this pharmacological agent will vary in different pharmacies. But in general, we can talk about the availability of this medicine for a wide range of consumers.

Currently, the price of Interferon in pharmacies ranges from 70 to 130 rubles.

Indications for use and pharmacological properties

In accordance with the instructions for use, Interferon is prescribed for preventive measures and treatment of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections (acute respiratory viral infections).

In addition, this drug, as prescribed by a doctor, is used for other diseases of a viral and oncological nature. In such cases, Interferon has proven effectiveness and excellent reviews from the medical community. Such diseases include:

• hepatitis B and C;
• mycosis fungoides;
• hairy cell leukemia;
• reticulosarcoma;
• chronic myeloid leukemia;
• kidney cancer;
• multiple myeloma;
• secondary immunodeficiencies.

In addition, this medicine is widely used in the treatment of infectious catarrhal rhinitis (runny nose). The thing is that, according to statistics, the vast majority of runny noses have a viral etiology.

A huge advantage is the possibility of using Interferon to treat children, starting from the first days of their life.

The drug has a wide range of antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. Its pharmacological action is based on increasing resistance, that is, the body’s immunity to the effects of pathogenic viruses.

The use of Interferon for the treatment of severe viral and oncological diseases is carried out under the strict supervision of the attending physician, who prescribes a specific therapeutic course.

Regarding the treatment with Interferon of acute respiratory viral diseases and runny nose, you need to remember two simple rules:

• it should be used when the first symptoms (flu and runny nose) are detected;
• it is used intranasally, that is, in the form of drops, it is instilled into the nasal passages.

The earlier treatment is started, the higher the chance of preventing the development of the disease.

Medicinal doses of Interferon for children and adults are the same.

To prevent ARVI and runny nose, 5 drops of medicine should be instilled into each nostril twice a day.

The interval between instillations should be at least 6 hours.

Taking the drug should begin two weeks before the expected start of the ARVI and influenza epidemic season. In the conditions of the Russian Federation and the CIS countries, this season coincides with the autumn-winter period.

When treating ARVI and runny nose, 5 drops of medicine should be instilled into each nostril 5-8 times a day.

The interval between taking drops should be 1-2 hours.

The duration of the treatment and therapeutic course is 2-3 days. If after this time the symptoms of the disease (ARVI or runny nose) persist, you should stop taking Interferon and seek further instructions from your doctor.

Preparing nasal drops

The instructions for Interferon contain a detailed description of the process of preparing nasal drops.

The ampoule with the medicine must be opened immediately before use.

Dilute the powder with distilled and boiled water to the level corresponding to 2 ml.

When properly prepared, the resulting nasal drops for ARVI and runny nose are a colorless, transparent liquid (there may be a barely noticeable yellow or pink tint).

Contraindications, overdose and side effects

Contraindications for the use of Interferon are:

• hypersensitivity and individual intolerance to antibiotics and chicken proteins;
• presence of cardiovascular diseases;
• presence of liver cirrhosis;
• presence of kidney disease;
• presence of epilepsy.

To date, there have been no recorded cases of overdose with this pharmacological drug.

Taking Interferon does not cause side effects in adults and children.

During pregnancy and lactation

Interferon during pregnancy and lactation can be used in accordance with the requirements of the annotation without any restrictions.

Analogs

The following analogues of Interferon are currently produced:

For more information, read the article “Antiviral nasal drops.”

Remember, only a qualified doctor can choose the appropriate drug from the given analogues in each specific case.

Efficiency and reviews

Interferon is a very commonly prescribed and used medicine with excellent reviews.

However, it should be noted that its effectiveness has been proven in the treatment of severe viral and oncological diseases. In the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections and the common cold, its effectiveness has not been officially confirmed. This is evidenced by numerous reviews from practicing doctors.

However, there is a large group of specialists who recommend using it for ARVI and runny nose.

Dear reader, if you have used Interferon before, please leave a review about it on our website. Your opinion and experience will help many people choose a medicine.

It's funny that it is prescribed for any acute respiratory infection. As if it would help. And for prevention. Although there is definitely no point in drinking it for prevention, the spectrum of action is too narrow. It's better to drink honey with milk at night and it will do more good.

A very effective drug for diseases of viral etiology, subject to strict adherence to the dosage and interval between intranasal instillations.

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Interferon

Prices in online pharmacies:

Interferon is a drug that helps increase the body's immune defense.

Available in the form of lyophilized powder for injection, liquid solution and rectal suppositories.

Pharmacological action of Interferon

In accordance with the instructions for Interferon, 1 ampoule of dry lyophilized powder contains a mixture of various types of natural alpha interferon of human blood leukocytes 1000 IU.

The composition of 1 ml of liquid solution of Interferon Alpha includes a mixture of subtypes of natural alpha interferon from human donor blood 1000 IU.

1 Interferon suppository contains a mixture of different types of natural alpha interferon of human blood leukocytes 40,000 IU.

The instructions for Interferon indicate that the drug is one of the factors (protein) produced by the body that prevents the body from being damaged by viral infections.

Human interferon is a group of endogenous proteins that are produced by leukocytes of human donor blood under the influence of various viruses.

Interferon Alpha is a highly purified sterile protein containing 165 amino acids. The drug is created by genetic engineering using recombinant DNA. The drug has an antitumor effect. When using Interferon, fluctuations in the concentration of the active substance of the drug in the blood serum are observed.

This drug has antiviral, immunostimulating and antiproliferative activity.

The antiviral effect is due to an increase in the resistance of body cells free from viral infections to possible influences. Due to binding to specific receptors located on the surface of the cell, the active substance of the drug changes the properties of the cell membrane, while stimulating specific enzymes; affects the RNA of the virus, due to which it blunts its replication.

The immunostimulating effect of human interferon in all forms of release is due to stimulation of the activity of NK cells and macrophages, which take part in the body's immune response to tumor cells.

The drug is excreted from the body through the kidneys.

Interferon is effectively used for children and adults.

Indications for use

Interferon Alpha is prescribed for the treatment of Galoshi's sarcoma (a disease of the vascular bed of the skin, which is accompanied by new formation of blood vessels, their bulging and proliferation) in patients with AIDS, as well as for the treatment of leukemic reticuloendotheliosis, kidney and bladder cancer, melanoma, and herpes zoster.

Human interferon is used to treat chronic and acute viral hepatitis (inflammation of liver tissue caused by a virus). The use of Interferon in the form of suppositories as part of the treatment of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome is effective.

Local application (in the nose or eyes) of Interferon solution is prescribed for children and adults for the prevention and treatment of influenza, ARVI, conjunctivitis, keratouveitis and keratitis.

Directions for use and dosage

Interferon is used in the form of a solution prepared from boiled or distilled water at room temperature. To do this, pour water into the opened ampoule up to the mark that corresponds to 2 ml. After this, the ampoule must be shaken until the powder is completely dissolved. After dilution, the solution becomes red in color; it should be stored in a cool place for no more than 48 hours. 5 drops of solution should be administered into each nasal passage 2 times a day. The interval between use is at least 6 hours.

The most effective is the inhalation method of using Interferon. To do this, the contents of 3 ampoules should be dissolved in 10 ml of water and heated to a temperature not exceeding 37 degrees. The frequency of procedures is 2 times a day. The duration of treatment is 2-3 days.

For the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections, according to the instructions, Interferon must be used when the first signs of the disease appear.

Before starting treatment with Interferon Alpha, the susceptibility of the microflora that caused the disease should be determined. For the treatment of leukemic reticuloendotheliosis, an initial dose of BME is prescribed for daily subcutaneous or intramuscular administration for 4-6 months. The maintenance dose is equal to IU for intramuscular administration 3 times a week. Treatment must be carried out under the supervision of the attending physician.

For the treatment of Galoshi's sarcoma in patients with AIDS, an initial dose of ME is prescribed intramuscularly. Duration of therapy is 2-3 months. A maintenance dose of ME is administered daily 3 times a week.

The course of therapy with Interferon rectal suppositories should not exceed 15 days. The dose of the drug is prescribed individually and adjusted by the attending physician.

Side effects of Interferon

While using the drug, side effects may occur such as headaches and muscle pain, lethargy, fever, sweating, vomiting, dry mouth, diarrhea, loss of appetite and weight, flatulence, constipation, nausea, heartburn, liver dysfunction, hepatitis.

The active substance included in Interferon in all forms of release can cause visual impairment, sleep disturbances, depression, increased peristalsis, itching, skin rash, ischemic retinopathy, dizziness, nervousness, and joint pain.

Contraindications for use

Interferon of all forms is not prescribed to patients who have:

• Severe heart disease;
• Impaired functions of the kidneys, liver and central nervous system;
• Epilepsy;
• Cirrhosis of the liver;
• Chronic and autoimmune hepatitis;
• Thyroid diseases;
• Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.

Overdose

In case of an overdose of Interferon, allergic reactions may occur on the part of the body, accompanied by skin rash, hives, itching, peeling of the skin, and redness.

Additional Information

Caution should be exercised when taking the drug simultaneously with opioid analgesics, sedatives and hypnotics.

The instructions for Interferon indicate that the drug must be stored in a dark, cool, dry place out of reach of children. The shelf life of the powder for preparing the solution is 1 year, the liquid solution is 2 years, and the candles are 2 years.

Dispensed from pharmacies with a prescription from your attending physician.

Interferon human leukocyte 1000IU No. 10 ampoules

Interferon leukocyte person N10

Interferon human leukocyte liquid 1000IU/ml 5ml No. 1 bottle

Interferon leukocyte human liquid solution 1000 IU/ml 5 ml

Interferon leukocyte liquid 1000 IU/ml 5 ml N1 vial with dropper

Every person at least several times in his life has encountered such an unpleasant disease as a runny nose. Most often, a stuffy nose with p.

Why am I losing weight for no reason? What are the consequences of the disease? Do I need to see a doctor or will it “go away on its own”? Every person should know what...

This question interests a lot of people. If just recently the bathhouse was considered 100% useful, then recently a number of concerns have arisen, e.g.

What we eat every day begins to worry us at the moment when the doctor makes an unexpected diagnosis of “atherosclerosis” or “ischemic pain.”

A smear for oncocytology (Papanicolaou analysis, Pap test) is a method of microscopic examination of cells that are taken from the surface of the skin.

Every person can prevent the penetration and development of various infections; the main thing is to know the main dangers that lie in wait.

When using materials from the site, the active reference is obligatory.

Interferon. Instructions for the drug, use, price, release forms

The site provides reference information. Adequate diagnosis and treatment of the disease is possible under the supervision of a conscientious doctor.

Definition of medication

Types of medication, commercial names of analogues, release forms

The mechanism of therapeutic action of the drug

• antiviral effect;
• antitumor effect.

The antiviral effect of interferon lies in its ability to inhibit the process of virus reproduction in the cells of the human body (virus replication). Interferons are cellular regulators of immunity that are produced when a virus enters the body. Further, by binding to specific receptors (signal molecules on the surface of cells), interferon triggers a number of processes. By acting on a special enzyme, oligoadenylate cyclase, interferon prevents the virus from penetrating into nearby cells and also suppresses the production and release of viral particles. Essentially, these cytokines not only block the replication of the virus, but also suppress the production of the cell's own proteins. In addition, interferon is able to affect the genetic material of human cells (DNA), which ultimately also increases the barrier function of cells against viral infection. Interferons also stimulate the release of immunoproteasome protein and histocompatibility complex, which leads to activation of immune system cells (T-helper cells, macrophages, T-killer cells). In some cases, apoptosis (programmed death of the affected cell) occurs in severely damaged cells under the influence of interferon.

For what pathologies is it prescribed?

(a disease caused by the human papillomavirus)

(numerous malignant skin tumors)

(a group of malignant neoplasms that affects the human lymphatic system)

(malignant disease of lymphocytes)

(neuroendocrine tumors that most often arise in the gastrointestinal tract)

(tumor that arises from pigment cells)

(presence of atypical cells in the cervix)

(characterized by periodic weakening and intensification of symptoms)

How to use the medicine?

• viral hepatitis;
• tumor diseases;
• diseases of the central nervous system.

Viral hepatitis

Tumor diseases

• Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma must be carried out in combination with chemotherapy. As a rule, interferon is administered subcutaneously at 5 million IU. The drug should be used 3 times a week (every other day).
• Hairy cell leukemia. Interferon is used once, 3 million units every other day (three times a week). The medication can be administered either intramuscularly or subcutaneously. The course of treatment is selected by the attending physician.
• Malignant melanoma. The weekly dosage of interferon is 80 – 100 million units. The drug must be used 4–5 times a week. The duration of treatment is 30 days, after which they switch to maintenance therapy - 10 million units 3 times a week. The average course of treatment using maintenance therapy is 11–12 months.
• Carcinoid tumors. Interferon is administered subcutaneously at 3–9 million units 3 times a week. If there is no effect, they switch to another treatment regimen - 5 million units of interferon daily (35 million IU per week).
• Carcinoid tumors with metastasis. Treatment is carried out daily in the form of subcutaneous injections of 3–4 million units of interferon. Gradually, every two weeks, the single dose is increased to 5, 7, 10 million units. The course of treatment is selected by the doctor.
• Multiple myeloma. Subcutaneously, 5 million units of interferon three times a week. The duration of treatment can only be determined by the attending physician.
• Renal cell carcinoma. Interferon is taken three times a week, 3–10 million units. The course of treatment is individual.

Diseases of the central nervous system

Possible side effects

• disorders of the digestive tract;
• disorders of the nervous system;
• allergic manifestations;
• disorders of the cardiovascular system;
• disorders of the hematopoietic system;
• disorders of the upper and lower respiratory tract.

Digestive tract disorders

• nausea;
• vomit;
• diarrhea;
• constipation;
• abdominal pain.

The toxic effect of interferon on liver tissue is also often observed. This is manifested by an increase in some indicators of biochemical blood tests. As a rule, there is an increase in the level of liver transaminases (enzymes involved in the transformation of certain amino acids).

Nervous system disorders

• depression;
• anxiety;
• headache;
• migraine;
• dizziness;
• insomnia;
• disturbance of consciousness;
• suicidal thoughts (rare);
• hallucinations (very rare).

Irritation of the nerve cells that make up the vestibulo-auditory nerve can lead to pain in the ears or manifest as tinnitus (tinnitus). Subsequently, the severity of these symptoms gradually decreases.

Allergic manifestations

• hives;
• erythema;
• Quincke's edema;
• Stevens-Johnson syndrome;
• toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell's syndrome).

Urticaria is the most common form of drug allergy. With urticaria, a rash appears on the skin in the form of flat, raised, very itchy blisters. These blisters are very similar to the blisters that appear with nettle burns. Hives can appear on almost any area of ​​the skin. Sometimes urticaria is accompanied by symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting.

Disorders of the cardiovascular system

Disorders of the hematopoietic system

• anemia;
• thrombocytopenia;
• leukopenia.

Anemia, or anemia, is a pathological condition characterized by a decrease in the number of red blood cells (red blood cells) and hemoglobin (a protein that is involved in the transport of gases). Anemia is characterized by perversion of taste and smell (changes in taste habits, addiction to unpleasant odors), damage to the mucous membrane of the upper digestive system (oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus), headache and dizziness. Anemia can also lead to fainting. Often, against the background of anemia, damage to the skin, nails, and hair occurs.

Upper and lower respiratory tract disorders

• sinusitis;
• pneumonia.

Sinusitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinuses. Sinusitis can occur against the background of a runny nose or ARVI (flu). This pathology is characterized by symptoms such as heaviness in the paranasal sinus, fever, nasal discharge (thick), pain in the sinus when turning the head sharply. Most often, the maxillary (maxillary) and frontal sinuses are involved in the inflammatory process.

Approximate cost of the medicine

It should be noted that for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, as well as secondary progressive sclerosis, recombinant interferon beta-1b (created artificially using special biotechnologies) is used. This type of interferon is obtained based on the specific fermentation of bacteria (E. coli is used, which contains the human gene responsible for the synthesis of interferon betaser17). The technology for producing interferon beta-1b is quite expensive, and therefore its price differs significantly from other types of interferon. Recombinant interferon beta-1b can be found in pharmacies at a price of 6,200 rubles (depending on the number of ampoules in the package).

Available in the form of dry lyofinized powder in ampoules. One ampoule contains: leukocyte human interferon 1000 IU. One cardboard box contains 5 or 10 ampoules.

Indications for use

According to the instructions, human leukocyte interferon is indicated for:

• Genital warts;
• Hepatitis B and C;
• Multiple myeloma;
• Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with AIDS (without a history of acute infections);
• Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas;
• Renal carcinoma;
• Mycosis fungoides and malignant melanoma.

Also used for the prevention and treatment of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections.

Contraindications

Human leukocyte interferon is contraindicated in:

• Impaired kidney and liver function;
• Severe heart disease;
• Liver cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis;
• Central nervous system dysfunction (epilepsy);
• Diseases of the thyroid gland resistant to conventional therapy;
• Hypersensitivity to Interferon alpha.

Directions for use and dosage

The duration of use, dose and frequency of administration are determined depending on the severity of the disease and the individual response of the patient.

During pregnancy, the use of human leukocyte Interferon is permissible only if the potential positive effect for the mother outweighs the potential risk for the fetus. When used during lactation, breastfeeding should be stopped.

In elderly patients, side effects from the central nervous system may occur. If side effects occur, a thorough examination is required.

Side effects

• From the cardiovascular system: arrhythmia, arterial hypotension;
• From the side of the central nervous system: confusion, drowsiness;
• From the digestive tract: nausea, diarrhea, loss of appetite;
• Other: myalgia, chills, headache, skin rash, erythema, granulocytopenia.

special instructions

Human leukocyte interferon should be taken with caution in patients who have recently suffered a myocardial infarction.

In the initial stages of treatment, patients should receive hydration therapy.

Should be used with caution concomitantly with sedatives, hypnotics and opioid analgesics.

Patients with hepatitis C may experience dysfunction of the thyroid gland, which is expressed in hyper- or hypothyroidism. Treatment of such patients should begin with an initially normal TSH level in the blood.

Analogs

Analogs of human leukocyte Interferon, according to the active substance, are: Alfaferon, Diaferon, Interlock, Inferon, Leukinferon, Lokferon, Sveferon, Egiferon.

Terms and conditions of storage

Store in a dry, dark place, at a temperature of 2-10°C. Keep away from children.

Shelf life – 2 years.

Interferon leukocyte person N10

Information about the drug is generalized, provided for informational purposes and does not replace official instructions. Self-medication is dangerous to health!

As much as prescribed by the attending physician. If the child has not been examined by a doctor, he does not need to administer Interferon on his own; it is used only for viral forms of conjunctivitis, and even then not always.

Just as the attending physician prescribed.

Papillomas are not the cause of the problem, but you are right, there is a connection, since their appearance is a consequence of weakened immunity due to HPV infection. There is no cure for HPV. Interferon is not indicated for you, in small doses it is useless, and in large doses it should be taken only under medical supervision, monitoring the reaction, but only for a small percentage of cancer. Do not take antiviral or immunomodulatory drugs, in 99% of cases these are advertised dummies, and the 1% that works and is used in oncology is produced abroad and costs crazy money.

Well done, Luda. I sincerely wish you to get through.

Hello, only as prescribed by your doctor.

Our kidneys are capable of purifying three liters of blood in one minute.

In 5% of patients, the antidepressant Clomipramine causes orgasm.

Tooth decay is the most common infectious disease in the world, which even the flu cannot compete with.

Millions of bacteria are born, live and die in our intestines. They can only be seen under high magnification, but if they were put together, they would fit in a regular coffee cup.

An educated person is less susceptible to brain diseases. Intellectual activity promotes the formation of additional tissue that compensates for the disease.

According to WHO research, talking on a mobile phone for half an hour every day increases the likelihood of developing a brain tumor by 40%.

People who eat breakfast regularly are much less likely to be obese.

The rarest disease is Kuru disease. Only members of the For tribe in New Guinea suffer from it. The patient dies of laughter. The disease is believed to be caused by eating human brains.

In the UK there is a law according to which a surgeon can refuse to perform an operation on a patient if he smokes or is overweight. A person must give up bad habits, and then, perhaps, he will not need surgical intervention.

The first vibrator was invented in the 19th century. It was powered by a steam engine and was intended to treat female hysteria.

Smiling just twice a day can lower your blood pressure and reduce the risk of heart attacks and strokes.

It was previously believed that yawning enriches the body with oxygen. However, this opinion has been refuted. Scientists have proven that yawning cools the brain and improves its performance.

According to statistics, on Mondays the risk of back injuries increases by 25%, and the risk of a heart attack by 33%. Be careful.

The cough medicine "Terpinkod" is one of the top sellers, not at all because of its medicinal properties.

Human blood “runs” through the vessels under enormous pressure and, if their integrity is violated, it can shoot up to a distance of 10 meters.

Prostatitis is an inflammatory process in the prostate gland. This is one of the common diseases of the genitourinary system in men. How.

Interferon

Prices in online pharmacies:

Interferon is a drug that helps increase the body's immune defense.

Available in the form of lyophilized powder for injection, liquid solution and rectal suppositories.

Pharmacological action of Interferon

In accordance with the instructions for Interferon, 1 ampoule of dry lyophilized powder contains a mixture of various types of natural alpha interferon of human blood leukocytes 1000 IU.

The composition of 1 ml of liquid solution of Interferon Alpha includes a mixture of subtypes of natural alpha interferon from human donor blood 1000 IU.

1 Interferon suppository contains a mixture of different types of natural alpha interferon of human blood leukocytes 40,000 IU.

The instructions for Interferon indicate that the drug is one of the factors (protein) produced by the body that prevents the body from being damaged by viral infections.

Human interferon is a group of endogenous proteins that are produced by leukocytes of human donor blood under the influence of various viruses.

Interferon Alpha is a highly purified sterile protein containing 165 amino acids. The drug is created by genetic engineering using recombinant DNA. The drug has an antitumor effect. When using Interferon, fluctuations in the concentration of the active substance of the drug in the blood serum are observed.

This drug has antiviral, immunostimulating and antiproliferative activity.

The antiviral effect is due to an increase in the resistance of body cells free from viral infections to possible influences. Due to binding to specific receptors located on the surface of the cell, the active substance of the drug changes the properties of the cell membrane, while stimulating specific enzymes; affects the RNA of the virus, due to which it blunts its replication.

The immunostimulating effect of human interferon in all forms of release is due to stimulation of the activity of NK cells and macrophages, which take part in the body's immune response to tumor cells.

The drug is excreted from the body through the kidneys.

Interferon is effectively used for children and adults.

Indications for use

Interferon Alpha is prescribed for the treatment of Galoshi's sarcoma (a disease of the vascular bed of the skin, which is accompanied by new formation of blood vessels, their bulging and proliferation) in patients with AIDS, as well as for the treatment of leukemic reticuloendotheliosis, kidney and bladder cancer, melanoma, and herpes zoster.

Human interferon is used to treat chronic and acute viral hepatitis (inflammation of liver tissue caused by a virus). The use of Interferon in the form of suppositories as part of the treatment of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome is effective.

Local application (in the nose or eyes) of Interferon solution is prescribed for children and adults for the prevention and treatment of influenza, ARVI, conjunctivitis, keratouveitis and keratitis.

Directions for use and dosage

Interferon is used in the form of a solution prepared from boiled or distilled water at room temperature. To do this, pour water into the opened ampoule up to the mark that corresponds to 2 ml. After this, the ampoule must be shaken until the powder is completely dissolved. After dilution, the solution becomes red in color; it should be stored in a cool place for no more than 48 hours. 5 drops of solution should be administered into each nasal passage 2 times a day. The interval between use is at least 6 hours.

The most effective is the inhalation method of using Interferon. To do this, the contents of 3 ampoules should be dissolved in 10 ml of water and heated to a temperature not exceeding 37 degrees. The frequency of procedures is 2 times a day. The duration of treatment is 2-3 days.

For the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections, according to the instructions, Interferon must be used when the first signs of the disease appear.

Before starting treatment with Interferon Alpha, the susceptibility of the microflora that caused the disease should be determined. For the treatment of leukemic reticuloendotheliosis, an initial dose of BME is prescribed for daily subcutaneous or intramuscular administration for 4-6 months. The maintenance dose is equal to IU for intramuscular administration 3 times a week. Treatment must be carried out under the supervision of the attending physician.

For the treatment of Galoshi's sarcoma in patients with AIDS, an initial dose of ME is prescribed intramuscularly. Duration of therapy is 2-3 months. A maintenance dose of ME is administered daily 3 times a week.

The course of therapy with Interferon rectal suppositories should not exceed 15 days. The dose of the drug is prescribed individually and adjusted by the attending physician.

Side effects of Interferon

While using the drug, side effects may occur such as headaches and muscle pain, lethargy, fever, sweating, vomiting, dry mouth, diarrhea, loss of appetite and weight, flatulence, constipation, nausea, heartburn, liver dysfunction, hepatitis.

The active substance included in Interferon in all forms of release can cause visual impairment, sleep disturbances, depression, increased peristalsis, itching, skin rash, ischemic retinopathy, dizziness, nervousness, and joint pain.

Contraindications for use

Interferon of all forms is not prescribed to patients who have:

• Severe heart disease;
• Impaired functions of the kidneys, liver and central nervous system;
• Epilepsy;
• Cirrhosis of the liver;
• Chronic and autoimmune hepatitis;
• Thyroid diseases;
• Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.

Overdose

In case of an overdose of Interferon, allergic reactions may occur on the part of the body, accompanied by skin rash, hives, itching, peeling of the skin, and redness.

Additional Information

Caution should be exercised when taking the drug simultaneously with opioid analgesics, sedatives and hypnotics.

The instructions for Interferon indicate that the drug must be stored in a dark, cool, dry place out of reach of children. The shelf life of the powder for preparing the solution is 1 year, the liquid solution is 2 years, and the candles are 2 years.

Dispensed from pharmacies with a prescription from your attending physician.

Interferon human leukocyte 1000IU No. 10 ampoules

Interferon leukocyte person N10

Interferon human leukocyte liquid 1000IU/ml 5ml No. 1 bottle

Interferon leukocyte human liquid solution 1000 IU/ml 5 ml

Every person at least several times in his life has encountered such an unpleasant disease as a runny nose. Most often, a stuffy nose with p.

Why am I losing weight for no reason? What are the consequences of the disease? Do I need to see a doctor or will it “go away on its own”? Every person should know what...

This question interests a lot of people. If just recently the bathhouse was considered 100% useful, then recently a number of concerns have arisen, e.g.

What we eat every day begins to worry us at the moment when the doctor makes an unexpected diagnosis of “atherosclerosis” or “ischemic pain.”

Every person can prevent the penetration and development of various infections; the main thing is to know the main dangers that lie in wait.

A smear for oncocytology (Papanicolaou analysis, Pap test) is a method of microscopic examination of cells that are taken from the surface of the skin.

When using materials from the site, the active reference is obligatory.

Interferon

Description current as of 11/11/2014

• Latin name: Interferon
• ATX code: L03AB
• Active ingredient: In interferon preparations the following can be used as an active component: human α, β or γ interferon (IFN)
• Manufacturer: Hoffmann-La Roche, Switzerland; Schering-Plough, USA; InterMune, USA, etc.

Compound

The composition of interferon preparations depends on their release form.

Release form

Interferon preparations have the following release forms:

• lyophilized powder for the preparation of eye and nasal drops, injection solution;
• injection solution;
• eye drops;
• eye films;
• nasal drops and spray;
• ointment;
• dermatological gel;
• liposomes;
• aerosol;
• oral solution;
• rectal suppositories;
• vaginal suppositories;
• implants;
• microenemas;
• tablets (interferon tablets are available under the brand name Entalferon).

pharmachologic effect

IFN drugs belong to the group of drugs with antiviral and immunomodulatory effects.

All IFNs have antiviral and antitumor effects. No less important is their property of stimulating macrophages, cells that play an important role in the initiation of cellular immunity.

IFNs help increase the body's resistance to the penetration of viruses, and also block the reproduction of viruses when they penetrate the cell. The latter is due to the ability of IFN to suppress the translation of the messenger RNA of the virus.

However, the antiviral effect of IFN is not directed against specific viruses, that is, IFNs are not characterized by virus specificity. This is precisely what explains their versatility and wide range of antiviral activity.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

The main biological effect of α-IFN is the inhibition of viral protein synthesis. The antiviral state of the cell develops within several hours after administration of the drug or induction of IFN production in the body.

At the same time, IFN does not affect the early stages of the replication cycle, that is, at the stage of adsorption, penetration of the virus into the cell (penetration) and release of the internal component of the virus during its “undressing”.

The antiviral effect of α-IFN occurs even when cells are infected with infectious RNAs. IFN does not penetrate the cell, but only interacts with specific receptors on cell membranes (gangliosides or similar structures that contain oligosugars).

The mechanism of IFN alpha activity resembles the action of individual glycopeptide hormones. It stimulates the activity of genes, some of which are involved in encoding the formation of products with a direct antiviral effect.

β interferons also have an antiviral effect, which is associated with several mechanisms of action. Beta interferon activates NO synthetase, which in turn increases the concentration of nitric oxide inside the cell. The latter plays a key role in suppressing the reproduction of viruses.

β-IFN activates the secondary, effector functions of natural killer cells, B-type lymphocytes, blood monocytes, tissue macrophages (mononuclear phagocytes) and neutrophil leukocytes, which are characterized by antibody-dependent and antibody-independent cytotoxicity.

In addition, β-IFN blocks the release of the internal component of the virus and disrupts the processes of RNA methylation of the virus.

γ-IFN is involved in the regulation of the immune response and regulates the severity of inflammatory reactions. Despite the fact that it has an independent antiviral and antitumor effect, gamma interferon is very weak. At the same time, it significantly enhances the activity of α- and β-IFN.

After parenteral administration, the maximum concentration of IFN in the blood plasma is observed after 3-12 hours. The bioavailability indicator is 100% (both after injection under the skin and after injection into the muscle).

The half-life T½ ranges from 2 to 7 hours. Trace concentrations of IFN in blood plasma are not detectable after 16–24 hours.

Indications for use

IFN is indicated for the treatment of viral diseases affecting the respiratory tract.

In addition, interferon preparations are prescribed to patients with chronic forms of hepatitis B, C and Delta.

For the treatment of viral diseases and, in particular, hepatitis C, IFN-α is used predominantly (both of its forms - IFN-alpha 2b and IFN-alpha 2a). Pegylated interferons alpha-2b and alpha-2a are considered to be the “gold standard” for the treatment of hepatitis C. In comparison, conventional interferons are less effective.

Genetic polymorphisms observed in the IL28B gene, which is responsible for encoding IFN lambda-3, cause significant differences in the effect of treatment.

Patients with genotype 1 hepatitis C with common alleles of this gene are more likely to achieve longer and more pronounced treatment results compared to other patients.

Contraindications

Interferon is not prescribed to patients with hypersensitivity to it, as well as to children and adolescents suffering from severe mental disorders and disorders of the nervous system, which are accompanied by thoughts of suicide and suicide attempts, severe and prolonged depression.

In combination with the antiviral drug Ribavirin, IFN is contraindicated in patients diagnosed with serious renal impairment (conditions in which creatinine clearance is less than 50 ml/min).

Interferon drugs are contraindicated in epilepsy (in cases where appropriate therapy does not produce the expected clinical effect).

Side effects

Interferon belongs to the category of drugs that can cause a large number of adverse reactions from various systems and organs. In most cases, they are a consequence of the administration of interferon intravenously, subcutaneously or intramuscularly, but they can also be provoked by other pharmaceutical forms of the drug.

The most common adverse reactions to taking IFN are:

Somewhat less common are vomiting, increased drowsiness, dry mouth, hair loss (alopecia), asthenia; nonspecific symptoms resembling flu symptoms; back pain, depressive conditions, musculoskeletal pain, thoughts of suicide and attempted suicide, general malaise, impaired taste and concentration, increased irritability, sleep disorders (often insomnia), arterial hypotension, confusion.

Rare side effects include: pain in the right upper abdomen, rashes on the body (erythematous and maculopapular), increased nervousness, pain and severe inflammation at the injection site, secondary viral infection (including infection with the herpes simplex virus), increased dryness of the skin, itching, pain in the eyes, conjunctivitis, blurred vision, dysfunction of the lacrimal glands, anxiety, mood lability; psychotic disorders, including hallucinations, increased aggression, etc.; hyperthermia, dyspeptic symptoms, respiratory disorders, weight loss, tachycardia, loose stools, myositis, hyper- or hypothyroidism, hearing impairment (up to complete loss), formation of infiltrates in the lungs, increased appetite, bleeding gums, cramps in the limbs, dyspnea, impaired renal function and development of renal failure, peripheral ischemia, hyperuricemia, neuropathy, etc.

Treatment with IFN drugs may cause reproductive dysfunction. Studies in primates have shown that interferon disrupts the menstrual cycle in women. In addition, in women treated with IFN-α drugs, serum estrogen and progesterone levels decreased.

For this reason, when prescribing interferon, women of childbearing age should use barrier contraception. Men of reproductive age are also advised to be informed of potential side effects.

In rare cases, treatment with interferon may be accompanied by ophthalmological disorders, which are expressed in the form of hemorrhages in the retina, retinopathy (including macular edema), focal changes in the retina, decreased visual acuity and/or limitation of visual fields, swelling of the optic nerves, optic neuritis (second cranial) nerve, retinal artery or vein obstruction.

Sometimes, while taking interferon, hyperglycemia and symptoms of nephrotic syndrome, diabetes, and renal failure may develop. In patients with diabetes mellitus, the clinical picture of the disease may worsen.

The use of interferon in monotherapy or in combination with Ribavirin in isolated cases can provoke aplastic anemia (AA) or even PRACM (complete aplasia of the red bone marrow).

There have also been cases where, during treatment with interferon drugs, a patient developed various autoimmune and immune-mediated disorders (including Werlhof's disease and Moschkowitz's disease).

Interferon, instructions for use

The instructions for the use of alpha, beta and gamma interferons indicate that before prescribing the drug to a patient, it is recommended to determine how sensitive the microflora that caused the disease is to it.

The method of administration of human leukocyte interferon is determined depending on the diagnosis given to the patient. In most cases, it is prescribed as a subcutaneous injection, but in some cases the drug can be injected into a muscle or vein.

The treatment dose, maintenance dose and duration of treatment are determined depending on the clinical situation and the patient’s response to the therapy prescribed to him.

“Children’s” interferon is suppositories, drops and ointment.

Instructions for the use of interferon for children recommend using this drug both as a therapeutic and as a prophylactic agent. The dose for infants and older children is selected by the attending physician.

For preventive purposes, INF is used in the form of a solution, for the preparation of which distilled or boiled water at room temperature is used. The finished solution is colored red and opalescent. It should be stored in the cold for no more than an hour. The drug is instilled into the nose of children and adults.

For viral ophthalmic diseases, the drug is prescribed in the form of eye drops.

As soon as the severity of the symptoms of the disease decreases, the volume of instillations should be reduced to one drop. The course of treatment is from 7 to 10 days.

To treat lesions caused by herpes viruses, a thin layer of ointment is applied to the affected areas of the skin and mucous membranes twice a day, maintaining 12-hour intervals. The course of treatment is from 3 to 5 days (until the integrity of the damaged skin and mucous membranes is completely restored).

To prevent acute respiratory infections and flu, it is necessary to lubricate the nasal passages with ointment. The frequency of procedures during the 1st and 3rd weeks of the course is 2 times a day. It is recommended to take a break during the 2nd week. For preventive purposes, interferon should be used throughout the entire period of the epidemic of respiratory diseases.

The duration of the rehabilitation course for children who often experience recurrent viral-bacterial infections of the respiratory tract, ENT organs, and recurrent infection caused by the herpes simplex virus is two months.

How to dilute and how to use interferon in ampoules?

The instructions for using interferon in ampoules indicate that before use, the ampoule must be opened, water (distilled or boiled) at room temperature must be poured into it up to the mark on the ampoule corresponding to 2 ml.

The contents are gently shaken until completely dissolved. The solution is administered into each nasal passage twice a day, five drops, maintaining intervals of at least six hours between administrations.

For therapeutic purposes, IFN is started when the first symptoms of influenza appear. The earlier the patient starts taking it, the higher the effectiveness of the drug.

The inhalation method (through the nose or mouth) is considered the most effective. For one inhalation, it is recommended to take the contents of three ampoules of the drug, dissolved in 10 ml of water.

The water is preheated to a temperature of no more than +37 °C. Inhalation procedures are carried out twice a day, maintaining an interval of at least one to two hours between them.

When sprayed or instilled, the contents of the ampoule are dissolved in two milliliters of water and 0.25 ml (or five drops) is administered into each nasal passage three to six times a day. Duration of treatment days.

For preventive purposes, nasal drops for children are instilled (5 drops) twice a day; at the initial stage of the disease, the frequency of instillations is increased: the drug should be administered at least five to six times a day every hour or two.

Many people are interested in whether interferon solution can be dripped into the eyes. The answer to this question is yes.

Overdose

Cases of interferon overdose have not been described.

Interaction

β-IFN is compatible with corticosteroid drugs and ACTH. It should not be taken during treatment with myelosuppressive drugs, incl. cytostatics (this may cause an additive effect).

Beta-IFN is prescribed with caution with drugs whose clearance is largely dependent on the cytochrome P450 system (anti-epileptic drugs, some antidepressants, etc.).

You should not take α-IFN and Telbivudine at the same time. The simultaneous use of α-IFN provokes a mutual enhancement of action against HIV. When used together with phosphazide, the myelotoxicity of both drugs may mutually increase (it is recommended to carefully monitor changes in the number of granulocytes and hemoglobin levels).

Terms of sale

A prescription is required to dispense the drug.

Storage conditions

Interferon is stored in a cool place, protected from sunlight, at a temperature of +2 to +8°C. List B.

Best before date

24 months. The prepared interferon solution remains stable for 3 days at room temperature.

special instructions

Interferons are a class of glycoproteins with similar properties that are produced by vertebrate cells in response to the influence of various types of inducers, both viral and non-viral in nature.

According to Wikipedia, in order for a biologically active substance to be qualified as an interferon, it must be of a protein nature and have pronounced antiviral activity against various viruses, at least in homologous (similar) cells, “mediated by cellular metabolic processes, including the synthesis of RNA and protein "

The classification of IFNs proposed by the WHO and the Interferon Committee is based on differences in their antigenic, physical, chemical and biological properties. In addition, it takes into account their species and cellular origin.

Based on antigenicity (antigen specificity), IFNs are usually divided into acid-stable and acid-labile. The acid-fast ones include alpha and beta interferons (they are also called type I IFN). Interferon gamma (γ-IFN) is acid labile.

α-IFN is produced by peripheral blood leukocytes (B- and T-type leukocytes), so it was previously designated as leukocyte interferon. There are currently at least 14 varieties of it.

β-IFN is produced by fibroblasts and is therefore also called fibroblastic.

The previous designation of γ-IFN is immune interferon; it is produced by stimulated T-type lymphocytes, NK cells (normal (natural) killer cells; from the English “natural killer”) and (presumably) macrophages.

Basic properties and mechanism of action of IFN

Without exception, all IFNs are characterized by polyfunctional activity against target cells. Their most common property is the ability to induce an antiviral state in them.

Interferon is used as a therapeutic and prophylactic agent for various viral infections. A feature of IFN drugs is that their effect weakens with repeated injections.

The mechanism of action of IFN is related to its ability to control viral infections. As a result of treatment with interferon drugs, a kind of barrier of uninfected cells resistant to the virus is formed in the patient’s body around the source of infection, which prevents the further spread of infection.

By interacting with still undamaged (intact) cells, it prevents the implementation of the reproductive cycle of viruses due to the activation of certain cellular enzymes (protein kinases).

The most important functions of interferons are considered to be the ability to suppress hematopoiesis; modulate the body's immune response and inflammation response; regulate the processes of cell proliferation and differentiation; suppress the growth and prevent the proliferation of viral cells; stimulate the expression of surface antigens; suppress individual functions of B- and T-type leukocytes, stimulate the activity of NK cells, etc.

Use of IFN in biotechnology

The development of methods for the synthesis and highly efficient purification of leukocyte and recombinant interferons in quantities sufficient for the production of drugs has opened up the possibility of using IFN drugs for the treatment of patients diagnosed with viral hepatitis.

A distinctive feature of recombinant IFNs is that they are produced outside the human body.

For example, recombinant interferon beta-1a (IFN β-1a) is obtained from mammalian cells (in particular, from Chinese hamster ovary cells), and interferon beta-1b (IFN β-1b), similar in its properties, is produced by belonging to family of enterobacteria coli (Escherichia coli).

Interferon inducer drugs - what are they?

IFN inducers are drugs that do not themselves contain interferon, but at the same time stimulate its production.

Analogs

Each type of interferon has analogues. Interferon alpha-2a preparations - Reaferon, Roferon. Recombinant human interferon alpha 2b is produced under the trademarks Intron-A, Intrek, Viferon.

Interferon for children

According to the instructions, interferon preparations are indicated for children:

IFN is also used in therapy, the purpose of which is the rehabilitation of children who often suffer from respiratory infections.

The most optimal option for children is nasal drops: when used in this way, interferon does not penetrate the gastrointestinal tract (before diluting the drug for the nose, the water should be heated to a temperature of 37°C).

For infants, interferon is prescribed in the form of suppositories (150 thousand IU). Suppositories for children should be administered one at a time 2 times a day, maintaining 12-hour intervals between administrations. The course of treatment is 5 days. To completely cure ARVI in a child, as a rule, one course is enough.

For treatment, you should take 0.5 g of ointment twice a day. Treatment lasts on average 2 weeks. Over the next 2-4 weeks, the ointment is used 3 times a week.

Numerous positive reviews of the drug indicate that in this dosage form it has also established itself as an effective remedy for the treatment of stomatitis and inflamed tonsils. Interferon inhalations for children are no less effective.

The effect of using the drug increases significantly if a nebulizer is used to administer it (it is necessary to use a device that sprays particles with a diameter of more than 5 microns). Inhalations through a nebulizer have their own specifics.

First, interferon must be inhaled through the nose. Secondly, before using the device, you must turn off the heating function (IFN is a protein; at temperatures above 37°C it is destroyed).

For inhalation in a nebulizer, the contents of one ampoule are diluted in 2-3 ml of distilled or mineral water (saline solution can also be used for these purposes). The resulting volume is enough for one procedure. The frequency of procedures during the day is from 2 to 4.

It is important to remember that long-term treatment of children with interferon is not recommended, since addiction develops to it and, therefore, the expected effect does not develop.

Interferon during pregnancy

An exception may be cases when the expected benefit of therapy for the expectant mother exceeds the risk of adverse reactions and harmful effects on the development of the fetus.

The possibility of isolating recombinant IFN components in breast milk cannot be ruled out. Due to the possibility of exposure to the fetus through milk, IFN is not prescribed to nursing women.

As a last resort, when the administration of IFN cannot be avoided, the woman is advised not to breastfeed during therapy. To mitigate the side effects of the drug (the occurrence of symptoms similar to those of influenza), simultaneous administration of paracetamol with IFN is recommended.

Today's pharmacology presents a wide range of drugs that have a wide range of useful properties in the treatment of viruses and infections. One of these drugs is Interferon. Before use, you must familiarize yourself in detail with the indications and contraindications of this medicine.

Composition, release form and manufacturer

Interferon is a drug consisting of a mixture of various natural alpha interferons. Interferon inducers are obtained from human blood leukocytes. It has several release forms:

• Lyophysiate (dried drug, frozen, later used to obtain a solution)
• Ampoules 2 ml
• Suppositories for rectal and vaginal use
• Solution for injections or inhalations
• Powder for making drops
• Aerosol
• Microclysters
• Pills

The main function of the drug is protection against nonspecific viral infection. The composition depends entirely on the form of release of the drug, and the packaging and its volume also depend on this.

There are several companies that produce Interferon; they are located in the United States of America, the Russian Federation, Israel, Switzerland and other countries.

Indications for use of Interferon

Interferon belongs to the group of drugs. Their work is aimed at stimulating the work of cells responsible for the formation of cellular immunity. The product is intended for the treatment of:

1. C, B and D
2. Herpes eye

It is also used for the prevention of acute respiratory infections and. Interferon has also been widely used for the treatment of cancers of the lymphatic system, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract. It is also prescribed for the treatment of pathologies of nerve tissue and the spinal cord.

Contraindications

The main contraindications of Interferon are indicated in the instructions for use. These include:

• Severe heart disease
• Problems in the functioning of the kidneys and liver
• Personal intolerance to the component composition
• Diseases of the central nervous system
• Problems with the thyroid gland

The drug should not be given to children who were born prematurely or were born before 34 weeks of gestation. Contraindicated in case of unclosed intestinal bleeding. Particular caution should be exercised during pregnancy or lactation. The dosage and regimen of taking the drug should be agreed with your doctor.
Mechanism of action of the drug

The main effect of Interferon is to inhibit the synthesis of viral proteins. The fight against the virus begins within a few hours after taking the medicine. The drug does not penetrate into the cell, but acts on membranes, coming into contact with specific receptors.

The maximum possible concentration of interferon in the blood is observed in the first 3-12 hours. The period of complete elimination is 2-7 hours. Within a day, no traces of it are found in the blood plasma at all.

The following effects occur on the body:

1. Antiviral
2. Antitumor

In the first case, the process of inhibiting the reproduction of viral cells occurs. In the second, the drug’s work is possible due to the content of the p53 protein. Regardless of the form of release and administration into the body, Interferon has 100% bioavailability, that is, it is completely absorbed by the body.

For more information about the use of Interferon, watch our video:

Instructions for use

The daily dosage and form of the drug used are determined by the doctor depending on the patient’s age, his diagnosis and the presence of concomitant pathologies.

For preventive purposes, Interferon against influenza or similar infections is used 4-5 times a week.

The most optimal form of release for this purpose is nasal. It is enough to drop 2 drops into each nostril.

If you use Interferon lyophysiate, then before injection you should dilute it in 2 ml of water. A similar method of use is suitable for diluting the medicine as a solution for inhalation.

The prepared solution should be stored for no more than a day. Suppositories are prescribed for the treatment of herpes and papillomavirus. 1-2 times a day, suppositories are administered rectally or vaginally for a course of no more than 10 days.

In the treatment of cancer, the medicine is administered intramuscularly. The dosage in each case is determined individually. When undergoing a course of chemical or radiation therapy, Interferon should be taken for another 14 days after completion.

Children's forms of release can be ointment, suppositories and drops. The dosage, as in the case of adults, is determined by the doctor. Can be used for infants.

For eye diseases, eye drops (2 pieces in each eye) Interferon are used. The daily dosage of instillation is no more than 6 times. When symptoms decrease, the dosage is halved. The permissible duration of the course is 1-1.5 weeks.

The ointment is used to prevent ARVI. The nasal passages should be lubricated with it twice a day for 1-3 weeks. Interferon in tablets can be taken no more than 2050 IU per kilogram of the patient’s weight. The total dosage should not exceed 1 million IU. The sooner a course of treatment or prevention with Interferon is started, the higher the effectiveness of the drug will be.

How to prepare Interferon solution for instillation into the nose, see our video:

Side effects

When taking Interferon, no one is immune from adverse drug reactions. Most often, their manifestation occurs in the first 2 weeks of use. With further continuation of the course, the symptoms of side effects subside. The most common body reactions to Interferon are:

1. Severe headaches
2. Temperature rises to 38 degrees
3. Fever
4. Muscle pain
5. Joint pain
6. General malaise

Additionally, disturbances in the functioning of the digestive, cardiovascular and nervous systems, allergies, and problems with the functioning of the respiratory system may appear.

Use during pregnancy

The use of Interferon during pregnancy and lactation is carried out under the supervision and with the permission of the attending physician. There are no registered cases of the drug having a negative effect on the development of the fetus and the body of the expectant mother.

When using the drug by a nursing mother, the baby's reaction should be observed. Interferon passes into breast milk in small concentrations, so an ambiguous baby’s reaction to it will be a reason to refuse the medicine.

Overdose

No cases of overdose with Interferon have been identified. To prevent the development of adverse reactions, do not exceed the dosage prescribed by the doctor or instructions in accordance with the patient’s age.

Drug interactions

Caution should be exercised when using Interferon with other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs due to the possible likelihood of additional stress on the liver. This is especially true for patients with organ dysfunction. In this case, the course of treatment is carried out under constant medical supervision.

special instructions

When prescribing Interferon, it is necessary to ensure that the patient does not have problems with the functioning of the cardiovascular system. It is not recommended for people who have recently had a heart attack.

For thrombocytopenia, the drug is administered strictly under the skin.

For people over the age of 65, the dosage is selected individually.

Interferon rectal suppositories are contraindicated in case of exacerbation of hemorrhoids or bleeding of its nodes. Suppositories are not prescribed for the external form of the disease.