The production of sunflower oil is a profitable non-waste production. Vegetable oil production: technologies and equipment

The topic of food production in business can be considered one of the most relevant and profitable. It will probably be more difficult to find a type of product on which the enterprise can “burn out” than one on which it is impossible to make a good profit. But still, in terms of profitability, food industries also have their differences. What do you think, what product is consumed more daily throughout the country - raw smoked horse sausage, or ordinary sunflower oil? The answer is obvious.

The production of sunflower oil occupies one of the leading positions in the country's food industry. Annual oil market volumes range from 7 million to 10 million tons. If we recalculate all this in monetary terms, we get a figure of about 90 billion rubles. Moreover, about half of all production, and hence profits, is divided between medium and small (farm) industries.

Organizing the production of sunflower oil will cost a novice entrepreneur no more troublesome, but much more expensive than, say, opening a tire processing line. In addition, this does not require any special knowledge that could not be acquired during the start-up of the project. As with almost all business ideas, the success of the venture here is determined by your degree of drive and perseverance. And the lack of start-up capital is not a problem for enterprising people for a long time. You can find out where to find money to start a business at this link, or.

About profitability and non-waste

Sunflower oil is one of the essential products, the demand for which will always be regardless of any price changes. What do you think, what is the monthly consumption of oil by the population of the country? Experts have deduced the figure of one liter every month per person, and there are also various cafes, restaurants, and other catering establishments where dozens of liters of sunflower oil are spent every day.

And besides this, the oil is successfully exported to European countries (fortunately, "they" have not yet banned the import of Russian products!) And the countries of the Middle East (Turkey, etc.). Sunflower oil is also used in other areas of production:

For the manufacture of paint and varnish products. Ever wondered why a type of paint is called oil paint? Because sunflower oil serves as the basis for its production. The same applies to drying oil and various oil varnishes.
For the production of margarine and cooking oils.
For the manufacture of cosmetics. Basically, these are skin care products and various creams.
In medicines and preparations. Sunflower oil is used in the manufacture of ointments, etc. Moreover, in the 90s of the last century, a method of treating cancer with sunflower oil was patented in our country. The effectiveness of this method has not yet been proven by scientists, but for some people it really helped!
In the production of canned food.

I think that with such a wide range of applications, you should not be afraid that you may not find a market. No wonder the production of sunflower oil is considered an almost win-win business option.

Now we need to say a few words about the wastelessness of this business. The inevitable residues from oil production also find their use. Sunflower seed husks, called pulp or meal, are used in the manufacture of animal feed and are considered a very valuable protein-containing material. Before being sold, the waste is pressed into briquettes and readily bought by those who breed sheep, pigs, or other domestic animals. In addition, fuel briquettes and pellets are made from sunflower husks, which are in no less demand than those made from sawdust.

Now a few figures: out of 30 tons of raw material of peeled seeds, about 20-22 tons will be obtained, from which you can get from 8 to 9 tons of oil, the rest will fall on meal and husks.

We are looking for a room

This is one of the very issues that require special attention when preparing to launch a business project. According to empirically derived figures, for each ton of raw materials that are processed in one shift (day), 40 m² of production space is needed. Further it is easy to calculate. But the question arises: what should be the minimum capacity of the line in order to recoup the costs as quickly as possible and start making a profit?

This cannot be answered unambiguously. Firstly, if you are purchasing a mini-oil plant, you must first assess the capacities that the production will “pull” in financial and marketing terms. This is done when drawing up a business plan. Secondly, we can say that the production of sunflower oil is just the kind of business that pays off in a maximum of one and a half to two years. So, you will need three storage rooms:

For raw material storage. This is the largest room in terms of area. The smaller the layer of the poured raw materials is stored, the less it will deteriorate.
For storage of finished products.
To store waste before recycling.

Actually, three more rooms are needed for production:

Workshop for pressing and filtering oil.
Refinery shop.
Shop for packing finished products.

Production facilities must have hard (concrete) floors, walls and ceiling must be whitewashed. In total, with a production capacity of the oil refinery of 25 tons of processed raw materials per day, a total area of at least 3,000 square meters will be required.

We buy equipment

Sunflower oil production equipment consists of three lines:

Oil extraction and filtration line.
Oil refining line.
Oil bottling line.

The equipment of each workshop will cost about 2 million rubles. Although, many businessmen significantly reduce the cost of these items by purchasing equipment in parts, and by assembling the line already in place. In warehouses for finished products, you need to have several stainless steel containers for storing oil.

Hiring staff

The number of staff depends on the capacity of the line that will be purchased for the business. 3-4 people will be enough to service the spinning shop with a capacity of 25 tons per day, 2-3 people in the refining shop, and 2-3 people on the packaging line. It will also require two foremen working in shifts who will deal with general production issues, a storekeeper, two technologists, and a manager dealing with administrative tasks. Total from 13 to 16 people. With the increase in capacity, the staff of the enterprise will increase accordingly.

We sell products

To get started, you will need to come up with your own brand, slogan, and develop a marketing strategy plan. Ideally, all this is prescribed in a business plan (you can see how to draw up a business plan in this source - or you can order its creation to professionals), but in practice, quite often entrepreneurs deviate from the "common truths", preferring to solve current questions as they arise. Moreover, the soul is warmed by the realization that production has already been launched.

It is known that the world volume of the sunflower oil market today is about 10 million tons, and its stable and fairly rapid growth is observed.

The volume of the Russian market is about 2-2.2 million tons, with an increase of about 3% per year, or in value terms - about 82 billion rubles. It is easy to guess that not all sunflower oil is produced by corporations and other large producers: about 40-45% of the oil is produced by medium-sized and even small producers, up to farms.

This is explained simply: the cost of entering the market is low, the volume of production depends only on how much raw material a newly opened enterprise can afford to process, and the sales market is practically unlimited: even if there are no regional buyers for the volume of oil produced, it is simply sent for border (mainly to Turkey and Europe), where it is bought very willingly. Although such cases are the exception rather than the rule: sunflower oil, in addition to cooking itself, is also used in many other sectors of the economy - for example, in canning, soap making, the paint and varnish industry (it is known that drying oil is made from it) and even in cosmetics and medical industry, where it acts as the basis or component of various creams and ointments. So it is not difficult to find a buyer for sunflower oil.

In addition, the production of sunflower oil is waste-free. The fact is that in the process of its production from sunflower seeds, accompanying materials are also formed - sunflower husks (husks, seed shells), separated in the process of hulling when preparing them for oil extraction, are classified as returnable waste - they are sold to brick factories and enterprises for the production pellet, as well as some other specific needs; by-products include cake and meal - very liquid feed products that require some processing (pressing into briquettes, etc.) before being sold.

Of course, related materials are sold without reducing the cost of the oil itself; Moreover, in accounting, sales costs, transportation costs for the shipment of by-products and production waste are directly related to the cost of sunflower oil sold, which helps to optimize the tax base of the enterprise.

Technology and equipment for the production of sunflower oil

As you know, sunflower oil is divided into two global groups - refined and unrefined oils. Their difference is in the degree of purification. Refined oil is refined technologically, usually by sedimentation, centrifugation, filtration, sulfuric acid and alkali refining, hydration, bleaching, deodorization and freezing in any combination of these methods. Unrefined oil is purified exclusively by mechanical filtration.

The specifics of the modern production of sunflower oil is such that at the same oil extraction plant it is possible to produce almost any of the 7 existing (i.e. listed in the relevant standard - GOST R 52465-2005) types.

In general, the technology for the production of sunflower oil is as follows. At the first stage, sunflower seeds are separated from impurities that differ in size and aerodynamic properties, as well as metal impurities with magnetic properties.

This happens in special separators, the cost of which is 42-45 thousand rubles. (1360-1460 dollars) per unit - the productivity of one separator is about 1 ton (1000 kg) of raw materials per hour. At the second stage of cleaning, sunflower seeds are separated from the husks in special blower machines.

The process is called destruction, but the equipment for its production will cost 77 thousand rubles. (about $ 3,000) per unit - one machine processes, like a separator, 1,000 kg of raw materials per hour, so the number of winch machines and separators is the same, and their total capacity must correspond to the capacity of the oil extraction line as a whole: usually one line is served simultaneously by several bundles "separator - rushalno-veechnaya machine", fed from a single bunker (it is called "bunker zavalny") with the help of several transportation (the so-called "screw conveyor") lines.

After processing on a separator and in a blower, peeled sunflower seeds are fed to a roller machine designed for grinding seed kernels. Actually, the power of the roller machine is the input (i.e., in terms of raw materials) power of the line as a whole.

The cost of such machines varies greatly depending on the power, and it makes no sense to list them all. For the purposes of this article, we can name the cost of units comparable in terms of power in order to give readers an idea of the order of prices for them.

So, a roller machine with an input capacity of 800 kg per hour (i.e. comparable to a separator and a 1000 kg puller and winch machine - the output of useful substances from them, i.e. sunflower kernels, in other words, the output power and will be approximately 0 .8 tons) will cost about 425 thousand rubles. or $13,800; a machine with an input capacity of about 4200 kg per hour, that is, comparable to 5-6 bundles of "separator - rush-and-rolling machine" already costs about 1120 thousand rubles, or 36450 dollars.

Factories equipped with machines of the second type fall into the category of "medium" enterprises - after all, even by simply multiplying productivity by working hours, it is not difficult to find out their "input" capacity - 40-48 tons per day (under the condition of one-shift work, although the specifics of production are such that in harvest season, it can be three-shift, i.e. around the clock), and this is a harvest from 16-19 hectares.

The sunflower seeds (also called mint) are ground by means of rollers and transported to the roaster. Braziers are of two types - fire and steam. The difference, as you might guess, is in the difference in the types of processing of ground seeds.

Fire braziers are essentially large frying pans, or more accurately, cauldrons; heating and frying in them is carried out using gas burners. Steam, on the other hand, process mint with the help of steam, which is obtained, as a rule, again by heating water with the energy of a burning gas.

The first type of roasters are much cheaper than the second - they cost about 83 thousand rubles, or a little less than $ 3,000, but their productivity is 300-350 kg of mint per cycle, that is, 2-3 roasters will have to be used to load the line at full capacity.

A steam brazier with a capacity of 800 kg per hour (that is, the corresponding power of a “single” line as a whole) will cost about 350 thousand rubles. or 11.5 thousand dollars. In addition, there are also steam braziers not for frying, but only for heat treatment of seeds - this technology allows you to save a little time and get the so-called. cold-pressed oil - without the specific smell of roasted sunflower seeds.

A brazier of this type will cost about 440 thousand rubles, or just over 14 thousand dollars. By performance, it will also correspond to a "single" line, i.e. process 1000 kg of meat per hour.

In principle, there is a cold pressing technology without the use of expensive heating equipment. However, without heating, the extraction of oil is significantly reduced - in this case, the investment will pay for itself quite quickly, given the volume of production.

The next unit, the screw press, is actually designed to extract oil from sunflower seed kernels that have undergone or have not undergone moisture-thermal treatment (such a mass is called “pulp”).

The productivity of squeezing machines of the "middle" class, that is, designed for small and medium-sized industries, is 15-25 tons per day, their cost is 650-860 thousand rubles, or 21.1-28 thousand dollars, respectively.

The oil from the press is cooled and settled, and then passes through a special filter designed for primary purification from mechanical impurities. The cost of such a filter is about 95 thousand rubles. or 3070 dollars.

In principle, the resulting oil does not need further purification, however, at some enterprises, the use of other filters is also practiced.

The performance of one filter of this type is 160 kg of oil per hour, taking into account the average oil content of sunflower - from 33 to 57%, i.e. 330-570 filters are obtained from 1 ton of mint or pulp (and taking into account the remaining 8-9 to 11-14% of oil in the cake, on average - 260-270 kg of oil) filters are usually used 2-3 pieces.

The resulting oil is called "raw" - the cake remaining after pressing can be sold as a valuable agricultural raw material, or can be subjected to additional extraction.

The second method of obtaining sunflower oil is called extraction. In contrast to the press method described above, the oil yield increases up to 2% of the residue from the available sunflower seeds.

Usually, both methods are used in modern enterprises - as a rule, after pressing, the cake immediately enters the extractor - a special machine where the residual oil is dissolved. Various specific substances are used as solvents - extraction gasoline, hexane, acetone, dichloroethane, etc.

After the second pressing, a fat-free (up to 2-5% oil content) material is obtained that is used as feed for farm animals - meal - and a solution of oil in a solvent (the so-called miscella). Miscella oil is obtained by refining, which can be produced by different methods. The cost of the relevant equipment is from about 520 thousand rubles. or $16,770 at a capacity of 500 kg of oil per hour.

Ready sunflower oil is poured into various containers: from iron barrels with a volume of 200 liters to plastic bottles from 0.5 to 5 liters. Of course, oil in barrels is much less valued than bottled oil, therefore (if, of course, the plant produces not technical, but edible oil), you should also purchase the appropriate equipment: equipment kits for bottling sunflower oil into plastic bottles (with a capacity of 3600 liters per 8-hour shift) will cost about 405 thousand rubles. or just over 13 thousand dollars.

Requirements for personnel and premises in the production of sunflower oil

A big disadvantage of sunflower oil production is the requirement for sufficiently large production and storage facilities. The total area of production shops for a plant with a capacity of 50 tons of sunflower seeds per shift is about 2000 sq. m. In general, the statistical norm is the presence of approximately 40 square meters. m per ton of raw materials processed per shift. That is, if the capacity of the plant is 10 tons, then 400 sq. m, and if 25, then 1000.

But the warehouse should be even larger - after all, 1-1.5 months is considered the norm of production reserves, and the specificity of storing sunflower seeds is such that its tamping with too thick a layer is prohibited. In total, storage facilities on average turn out to be twice as large as production facilities, and in the described case it is no less than 4000 sq.m.

In addition, for the storage of cake or meal, a warehouse is required to be half as much as for raw materials, and for the finished product itself, a warehouse is approximately equal to 3/4 of the production premises. In total, we get warehouse space for another 2000 + 1500, and in total - 3500 square meters. m.

The husk can be stored in bulk on the street under weight or even in the open air, if climatic conditions allow, however, in order for it not to block, for example, the passage of cars, but to be available for loading and unloading for sale, it should be allocated a separate area of about 10 15 acres.

As you can see, it is rather difficult to find the appropriate premises, however, new technologies for the construction of frame structures such as hangars can solve issues, at least storage.

But it’s a little easier with the staff: out of about 50 shift workers, special education and training (in this case, in the specialties 260100 “Technology of food products”, 260400 “Technology of fats”, 260401 “Technology of fats, essential oils and perfumery and cosmetic products”, 260402 "Technology of fats and fat substitutes", 260600 "Food engineering", 260601 "Machines and apparatus for food production" and 260602 "Food engineering of small enterprises" according to OKSO) should have only 8-10 people - technologists and craftsmen.

The rest of the workers can be recruited on the principle of integrity and the absence of bad habits - production is considered a fire hazard. The total wage fund, taking into account the unified social tax, will not exceed 700-750 thousand rubles.

Profitability and payback of sunflower oil production

The profitability of sunflower oil production is not so easy to calculate: it strongly depends on the quality of the feedstock (oil content, moisture content), the technology used (cold pressing, extraction, etc.) and seasonality. The peak of production and, as a result, the supply of sunflower oil is October-December. And the peak of demand is the end of summer - the beginning of autumn.

However, the overall figures are as follows. An average oil extraction plant processes 50 tons of sunflower seeds per day. The average oil content of sunflower (by different quality of raw materials and varieties) is about 45%, and up to 5% is accounted for by related products - meal and technological losses, and about 20% of the seed weight is husk - shell.

So, out of 50 tons of sunflower seeds, 40 tons of kernels will be obtained, and of them, at best, 16 tons of oil, plus 24 tons of meal and 10 tons of husks.

16 tons of oil is 17.3-17.4 thousand liters of oil. For ease of calculation, all oil will be considered refined deodorized. Considering the selling wholesale price of oil at the level of 35 rubles. per liter, we get a gross profit of 605-609, rounded - 600 thousand rubles. This is just oil. Sunflower husk at a price of about 900 rubles. per ton will bring another 90 thousand rubles, and meal (at the lowest price - 1.5 thousand rubles per ton) - plus 36 thousand rubles. The total gross income is at least 725 thousand rubles. From him we will repel.

The cost of a ton of oilseed sunflower of normal quality is about 12 thousand rubles, and therefore, for a working shift of raw materials, 600 thousand rubles will be required. Thus, the net profit (excluding associated costs) is 125 thousand rubles, and the profitability is about 20%.

Profit for the month (counting 24 working days on a 1-shift scheme) will be equal to 3 million rubles, and minus the wage fund and taxes, as well as the cost of paying utility bills - about 1.8-2 million rubles.

Watch a video about the production of vegetable oil:

Sunflower oil production: the feasibility of this type of business + types of sunflower oil + a step-by-step plan for implementing a business idea + production technologies + a complete list of necessary equipment + a detailed analysis of costs and income.

If you want to become a successful businessman in the field of production, but have not yet decided on the direction, we suggest considering a promising industry in this business area - the production of sunflower oil.

Despite the very high competition in this industry, such an enterprise is practically doomed to success. And the thing is that sunflower oil is a product that enjoys constant popularity, and the demand for it is constantly high.

In this article, we will look at how profitable such a business can be and what is needed to implement it.

Sunflower oil production: business relevance

The fact that the popularity of the vegetable oil production business in Russia is increasing every year can be judged from the diagram, which clearly demonstrates that the volume of manufactured products is only increasing every year.

At the same time, pay attention to the level of consumption of sunflower oil by the Russians themselves. He remained at the same level. This suggests that the production of sunflower oil has not the only sales channel (at home). Russian sunflower oil is also exported to foreign countries, moreover, it is in great demand there.

Basically, bottled products are exported to Uzbekistan, while the bulk product is in great demand in Turkey:

Such a high demand for sunflower oil is due to the fact that it is widely used in a variety of industries:

Cooking.
Production of canned food.
Soap making.
The medicine.
Cosmetology.
Production of paints and varnishes.

But the demand for vegetable oil is far from the only reason why many businessmen start their entrepreneurial activities in this area. The popularity of the business line is also due to the fact that the production of sunflower oil is a non-waste production.

Let's explain how this can be. The fact is that when processing sunflower seeds, in addition to the oil itself, we also get husks (seed cleaning product) and cake (oil extraction product), which can also be successfully sold for different needs.

And finally, we note one more important advantage of organizing this business idea: the production of sunflower oil has many nuances that you will face as an organizer-entrepreneur, but the launch of such enterprises does not require special education and skills.

The business quickly pays off and, despite numerous competitors, finds markets in all regions of the Russian Federation. You can start such a business with minimal production capacity, gradually increasing the scale.

Having listed a lot of “pros” and proving that such a business is really very expedient these days, let's move on to the next question.

What are the types of sunflower oil produced?

All enterprises for the production of oil from sunflower seeds are aimed at the production of two main types: refined and unrefined sunflower oils.

The main difference between them is the processing method. If unrefined oil can only be mechanically refined, then refined oil settles and goes through the processes of hydration, deodorization and bleaching before it reaches the supermarket counter.

Refined vegetable oil is more popular, as it does not have a pronounced smell and taste, and therefore can be used in any of the industries.

In addition, we should not forget about sunflower seed processing products, which are also in high demand. The husk, for example, is used as an additive to building materials, while cake and meal are in demand in the pet food industry.

Having dealt with the main products of production, let's talk about organizing an enterprise for the production of vegetable oil.

Step-by-step implementation of a business idea for the production of sunflower oil

Business in this industry, like any other, requires careful preparation for the launch of the enterprise. We will briefly analyze each of the stages of organizing your own production so that you have an idea of how to build a business in this area.

The plan for organizing a business idea consists of 5 main stages.

Stage 1. Registration of the enterprise.

Before you begin to slowly establish the production process, you need to legally.

Most often, for the organization of production, a limited liability company (LLC), that is, a legal entity, is registered. But such a decision makes sense if you are planning a large-scale production. When it comes to a small, “home” enterprise, you can also register as an individual entrepreneur (IP).

Detailed registration instructions can be found on the website of the Federal Tax Service:

https://www.nalog.ru/rn77/ip/interest/reg_ip/petition (for individual entrepreneurs);
https://www.nalog.ru/rn77/yul/interest/reg_yl/register (for LLC).

The production of vegetable oil does not require a large number of permits, which greatly simplifies its registration. But do not forget about the mandatory availability of permits from the fire service and the sanitary and epidemiological station.

Stage 2. Rent and arrangement of production and storage facilities.

In order to start manufacturing products, you will need to purchase or rent several premises:

First- production area, which is calculated in the amount of 40 sq.m. per 1 ton of manufactured products per day.
Second- this is a warehouse, the dimensions of which should be 2 times the size of the production part. This is justified by the fact that the storage of sunflower seeds should be treated scrupulously, not laying it in too tight a layer.
Third- This is a small warehouse for storing husks. Its area is approximately ¾ of the area of the production workshop.

As for the preparation of premises, they must comply with the requirements of the sanitary and epidemiological station, as well as fire safety requirements.

Stage 3. Purchase of equipment and search for suppliers.

As soon as you find premises, you can. What kind of equipment is needed, we will analyze a little later.

Choosing a supplier of seeds from which you will produce oil is a responsible matter. Finding the latest today is not difficult. If you live outside the city, then most likely you will be able to purchase raw materials directly from local residents. If there are no such suppliers near you, then look for them on the Internet or in newspapers.

The main thing is that the supplied raw materials should be of high quality, since the quality of your products will also depend on it.

Stage 4. Hiring employees.

Depending on the size of your company, the number of employees may vary.

But in any case, this type of business is good because you do not need many specialists. It is enough to hire 5-7 technologists and craftsmen who have a specialized education. By all means, in your team, in addition to the latter, there should be loaders, storekeepers, and also an accountant.

Stage 5. Launch of production and sale of products.

When the entire production scheme is established, you can begin work.

You must take care of the markets for your enterprise in advance so that, having received the first batch of products, you immediately start selling it and begin to cover your costs of creating a business. We will talk about them in detail at the end of this article.

Now that we have a clear plan for organizing our business, let's talk about production technology and the equipment that we need.

Detailed sunflower oil production technology

There are two main ways to produce sunflower oil today:

With the help of screw presses (press method).
By extraction (extraction method).

The difference between the methods lies in what kind of influence the seeds are susceptible to.

When processing seeds with screw presses, the oil is squeezed out, after which we get 2 products - oil and cake. The oil obtained in this way is called "raw".

When the extraction method is used, organic solvents are used instead of presses, which contribute to obtaining the maximum volume of oil. For the production of oil in this way, special equipment is used - an extractor.

In the course of obtaining oil by the second method, we also obtain 2 products: miscella (oil solution in a solvent) and the fat-free remainder of the mass - meal. Further, to obtain oil, it is necessary to distill the solvent in a distiller and filter the sunflower oil.

To better understand the whole process of processing seeds to obtain sunflower oil, we use the diagram.

First, consider the first method of oil production - pressing:

As this simple scheme shows us, the technology for the production of sunflower oil by pressing is as follows:

Sunflower seeds at the initial stage must be cleaned of all sorts of impurities. This happens with the help of magnetic and sieve separators.
Next, the seeds must be properly dried in order to minimize their moisture content.
After this, the grains need to be rolled or, more simply, crushed. In the process of this, we get a processed product, which is called mint.
In order to be able to obtain oil in the future, mint is subjected to heat treatment - first it is steamed, and then fried in braziers.
Thus, after the actions taken, we get the pulp. It is from it that sunflower oil will be pressed. As a result, we will have two products: oil and cake.

As for the extraction method, at the first stages of the technological process, sunflower seeds are amenable to the same types of processing. However, at the final stages of production, instead of using screw presses, extraction is used, that is, the dissolution of oil with organic substances.

The first method of sunflower oil production is undoubtedly more environmentally friendly, but the second option is superior in its efficiency.

That is why many manufacturers use, say, a combined method to obtain sunflower oil: first, the oil is pressed on presses, and then, to obtain its maximum volume, the cake is subject to extraction.

Now, to get the final product, sunflower oil will be refined. This process of processing sunflower oil consists of a number of stages that are aimed at purifying it as much as possible from impurities, getting rid of its characteristic odor and color.

Having dealt with the production process, we will analyze what kind of equipment will be needed and what is its cost.

Sunflower oil production equipment

We will analyze the equipment needed to complete the technological line based on the production scheme, when the seeds are first pressed, and after extraction.

So, equipment for the production of sunflower oil includes 8 main devices:

equipment identification	Purpose	Price
Separator	To separate seeds from large impurities	From 40 thousand rubles.
Rushing machine		From 70 thousand rubles.
roller machine	For grinding seeds (to obtain mint)	From 400 thousand rubles.
Brazier	For heat treatment of mint. There are fire and steam (depending on the type of treatment - heat or steam)	Fire - from 75 thousand rubles. Steam - from 300 thousand rubles.
screw press	For oil extraction	From 600 thousand rubles.
Filter	For filtration of pressed oil	From 80 thousand rubles.
Extractor	To extract residual oil	From 500 thousand rubles.
Bottling line	For pouring oil into containers	From 700 thousand rubles.

Thus, all the equipment needed to manufacture the product in the above way will cost approximately 2.5 million rubles. (given that a fire brazier will be purchased, and not a steam brazier).

Recall that the prices for equipment may differ depending on the selected manufacturing company and the region of Russia. Also, if you use the press method of seed treatment, you can not take into account the cost of buying an extractor.

Ultimately, your production line will look like this:

And now is the time to find out what other expenses a novice entrepreneur will incur in this area, and how quickly the enterprise can pay off.

Calculation of expenses for organizing a business and estimated income

When manufacturing vegetable oil, the following costs must be foreseen:

For registration of entrepreneurial activity - up to 10 thousand rubles.
For renting premises - from 50 thousand rubles.
For transportation costs - up to 50 thousand rubles.
For utilities - up to 35 thousand rubles.
For the purchase of equipment - up to 25,000 thousand rubles.
For the payment of wages to employees - from 200 thousand rubles.
For advertising - up to 25 thousand rubles.
For the purchase of raw materials - from 300 thousand rubles.

The total amount of start-up capital for launching your own enterprise in this industry will be from 3.2 million rubles.

This figure assumes that the enterprise will process from 5 tons of sunflower seeds per day. You can also organize a smaller-scale production, then the amount of material investments will decrease.

Now for payback:

Processing 1 ton of raw materials, we get 350 liters of product and 650 kg of meal. By selling this product, you can earn about 44.5 thousand rubles by investing about 27 thousand rubles in the purchase of the raw materials themselves. In this case, the profit will be equal to 17 thousand rubles.
Such a calculation suggests that the payback of the enterprise, depending on its scale, will vary within 1-2 years. Some small businesses manage to recoup their investments within six months.
The profitability of a business in this area, as a rule, ranges from 7 to 20%.

Vegetable oil production. What should be
real tasty vegetable oil?

Technology for the production of unrefined oil
cold pressed.

Sales markets for manufactured products

As already mentioned, sunflower oil is a product that can be sold in any region, and the demand for it is consistently high.

The most common distribution channels for such products include:

Supermarkets.
Small grocery stores.
Food markets.
Restaurants and cafes.

In addition, such goods are also needed in other catering establishments, for example, in canteens, in schools, kindergartens, at factories and factories. Also, vegetable oil can be sold abroad.

The main thing is not to forget about the advertising promotion of your brand. You can print advertisements in newspapers, on billboards, broadcast videos on TV. For large-scale production, it is advisable to involve specialists in the promotion.

We analyzed in detail the production of sunflower oil in Russia and considered the most important questions: how the product is produced, what equipment is required for this, and what capital is needed at the start.

As a result, we note that such a business requires rather big investments + it is not the easiest to organize, but it is very popular and profitable. Therefore, if financial opportunities allow you to think about the implementation of such an idea, do not put it aside.

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Depends on the quality of sunflower seeds supplied for processing, the terms and conditions of storage of seeds before pressing. The main quality characteristics for sunflower seeds are oil content, humidity, ripening period. The oil content depends on the sunflower variety and how warm and sunny the summer turned out to be. The higher the oil content of the seeds, the greater the oil yield. The optimal percentage of moisture content of sunflower seeds supplied for processing is 6%. Seeds that are too wet will store poorly and be heavier. The ripening period in our climatic conditions is a very important factor that indirectly affects the price. The peak of production and supply of finished vegetable oil is October - December. And the peak of demand is the end of summer - the beginning of autumn. Accordingly, the earlier raw materials are received, the faster the finished product will reach the consumer. In addition, the seeds must be well cleaned, the content of debris should not exceed 1%, and broken grain - 3%. Before processing, additional cleaning, drying, caving (destruction) of the seed peel and separating it from the kernel are carried out. Then the seeds are crushed, mint or pulp is obtained.

Extraction (production) of sunflower oil. obtained by 2 methods - pressing or extraction. Oil extraction is a more environmentally friendly way. Although the oil yield is, of course, smaller. As a rule, before pressing, the mint is heated at 100-110 ° C in braziers, while mixing and moistening. Then the roasted mint is squeezed out in screw presses. The completeness of the extraction of vegetable oil depends on the pressure, viscosity and density of the oil, the thickness of the mint layer, the duration of the extraction and other factors. The characteristic taste of the oil after hot pressing is reminiscent of roasted sunflower seeds. Oils obtained by hot pressing are more intensely colored and flavored due to the breakdown products that form during heating. Cold-pressed sunflower oil is obtained from mint without heating. The advantage of this oil is the preservation of most of the useful substances in it: antioxidants, vitamins, lecithin. The negative point is that such a product cannot be stored for a long time, it quickly becomes cloudy and rancid. The cake remaining after pressing the oil can be subjected to extraction or used in animal husbandry. , obtained by pressing, is called "raw", because after pressing it is only defended and filtered. Such a product has high taste and nutritional properties.

Extraction of sunflower oil. The extraction method involves the use of organic solvents (most often extraction gasolines) and is carried out in special devices - extractors. In the course of extraction, a miscella is obtained - a solution of oil in a solvent and a fat-free solid residue - meal. The solvent is distilled off from miscella and meal in distillers and screw evaporators. The finished oil is settled, filtered and further processed. The extraction method for extracting oils is more economical, as it allows the maximum extraction of fat from raw materials - up to 99%.

Refining of sunflower oil. Refined oil has practically no color, taste, smell. This oil is also called impersonal. Its nutritional value is determined only by the presence of essential fatty acids (mainly linoleic and linolenic), which are also called vitamin F. This vitamin is responsible for the synthesis of hormones, maintaining immunity. It gives stability and elasticity to blood vessels, reduces the body's sensitivity to the action of ultraviolet rays and radioactive radiation, regulates the contraction of smooth muscles, and performs many other vital functions. In the production of vegetable oil, there are several stages of refining.

First stage of refining. Getting rid of mechanical impurities - settling, filtration and centrifugation, after which it goes on sale as commercial unrefined.

The second stage of refining. Removal of phosphatides or hydration - treatment with a small amount of hot - up to 70 ° C water. As a result, proteinaceous and mucous substances, which can lead to rapid spoilage of the oil, swell, precipitate and are removed. Neutralization is the effect on the heated oil of the base (alkali). This step removes free fatty acids, which catalyze oxidation and cause smoke when frying. Heavy metals and pesticides are also removed at the neutralization stage. Unrefined oil has a slightly lower biological value than raw oil, since hydration removes part of the phosphatides, but it can be stored longer. Such processing makes the vegetable oil transparent, after which it is called commercial hydrated.

The third stage of refining. Excretion of free fatty acids. With an excess content of these acids, vegetable oil has an unpleasant taste. Past these three stages is called already refined non-deodorized.

Fourth stage of refinement. Bleaching is the treatment of oil with adsorbents of organic origin (most often special clays) that absorb coloring components, after which the fat is clarified. Pigments pass into the oil from the seeds and also threaten to oxidize the finished product. After bleaching, there are no pigments left in the oil, including carotenoids, and it becomes light straw.

Fifth stage of refinement. Deodorization - removal of aromatic substances by exposure to hot dry steam at a temperature of 170-230 ° C under vacuum. During this process, odorous substances that lead to oxidation are destroyed. Removal of the above, undesirable impurities leads to the possibility of increasing the shelf life of the oil.

The sixth stage of refinement. Freezing is the removal of waxes. All seeds are covered with wax, this is a kind of protection from natural factors. Waxes make the oil cloudy, especially when sold on the street during the cold season, and thereby spoil its presentation. During the freezing process, the oil turns colorless. After going through all the stages, and becomes impersonal. Margarine, cooking fats are made from such a product, and are used in canning. Therefore, it should not have a specific taste or smell, so as not to disturb the overall taste of the product.

The following products hit the shelves: Refined non-deodorized oil - outwardly transparent, but with a characteristic smell and color for it. Refined deodorized oil- transparent, light yellow, odorless and tasteless seeds. Unrefined oil - darker than bleached, maybe with sediment or suspension, but nevertheless it passed the filtration and, of course, retained the smell that we all know from childhood.

Bottling of sunflower oil. has a limited shelf life. Shelf life of bottled oil is 4 months for unrefined and 6 months for refined oil. For draft oil - up to 3 months. By purchasing and in accordance with GOST, you are insured against troubles: an unexpected spill of oil in a bag, the purchase of low-quality goods, etc. Bottled oil contains all the necessary information about the product on the container, and is hygienically cleaner. Modern technologies for the production of packaged sunflower oil practically exclude manual labor. Everything is done on an automated line - quickly, efficiently, accurately. The plastic from which the packaging is blown is durable, lightweight and environmentally friendly. The bottles are hermetically sealed, the shape of the container is optimized for the needs of customers, and it also has convenient recesses, a relief surface, which prevents the container from slipping in the hand.

Types of sunflower oil

Raw sunflower oil (first pressing) - oil, which is only filtered, so it is the most useful. It completely retains phosphatides, tocopherols, sterols and other biologically valuable components. It has a pleasant smell and taste, but it cannot be stored for a long time, it quickly becomes cloudy and rancid.

Not - cleaned mechanically without additional processing. The oil has a rich dark yellow color, a pronounced taste and smell of seeds. There are higher, first and second grades. The highest and first grades have a specific taste and smell characteristic of sunflower oil, without foreign odors, taste and bitterness. In the second grade oil, a slightly musty smell and a slight bitter taste are allowed, there may be sediment. Unrefined oil is partially purified - settled, filtered, hydrated and neutralized. In unrefined oil, useful substances and vitamins are preserved: phospholipids, vitamins E, F and carotene.
Unrefined sunflower oil is ideal for preparing salads and cold dishes, it is also used for making dough.

Hydrated sunflower oil - Obtained by mechanical cleaning and hydration. To do this, hot water (70°C) in the atomized state is passed through the oil heated to 60°C. Protein and mucous substances precipitate, and the product is separated. The oil, unlike unrefined, has a less pronounced taste and smell, less intense color, without turbidity and sludge. Hydrated oil, as well as unrefined, produce the highest, first and second grades.

Refined sunflower oil - transparent, without sediment, has a color of low intensity, quite pronounced taste and smell. Refining is a stage in the production of vegetable oil, which is the purification of vegetable oil from various contaminants. processed with alkali, free fatty acids, phospholipids are removed from it; the product is stratified, the refined vegetable oil rises up and is separated from the sediment. The vegetable oil is then subjected to bleaching. Biologically, refined oil is less valuable because it contains fewer tocopherols and does not contain phosphatides.

Refined deodorized sunflower oil obtained by exposure to water vapor under vacuum. During this process, all aromatic substances that can lead to premature deterioration of the oil are destroyed. Sunflower oils are grades "P" and "D". By itself, brand D implies that refined deodorized sunflower oil. The oil of this brand is intended for the production of baby and diet food. In terms of physico-chemical parameters, it differs from brand P in acid number. For brand D oil, it should be no more than 0.4 mgKOH / g, and for brand P oil, the norm is not more than 0.6 mgKOH / g.

Frozen sunflower oil obtained by removing natural wax-like substances (wax) from sunflower oil. These waxes give sunflower oil its cloudiness. If the oil was subjected to "freezing", then its name is supplemented with the word "frozen". in home cooking it is used for frying and stewing. Since it does not add additional odor to the products, it is perfect for deep-frying. Refined sunflower oil is also used to produce margarine and cooking oils. Refined sunflower oil is used in the manufacture of canned food, as well as in soap making and the paint and varnish industry.

Refined or unrefined?

For a healthy diet for the whole family, both are needed.

Unrefined oil It has a specific pleasant smell and forms a precipitate during storage. Unrefined is a natural product, it retains all the natural components necessary for the human body - vitamins A, D, E, tocopherols and other biologically active substances, so it can and should be consumed in a "raw" form. It is best to add unrefined to salads, cooked stews or boiled foods. But frying in unrefined sunflower oil is not recommended, because. in the process of heating, it loses all its wonderful properties.

Refined sunflower oil- transparent, golden or light yellow. During storage, it does not form a precipitate. It is great for baking and frying: it does not foam and does not “shoot” in the pan, it does not have a pungent smell and bitter aftertaste.

Storage conditions

All vegetable oils have three enemies: light, oxygen and heat. Therefore, it is necessary to store oils in a dark place in tightly closed containers, since many of its useful properties are lost in the light. The optimum storage temperature is from +8° to +20°C. must be protected from contact with water and metals. Unrefined, so-called homemade, oil should be stored not only in a dark, but also in a cool place, for example, in a refrigerator.

Unrefined oil is stored for 4 months, refined - 6 months. Some housewives, for better preservation, pour a little salt into the oil and dip a few cleanly washed and dried beans into it.

What not to do with oil

1. Pour oil into a hot skillet. All fats ignite spontaneously at high temperatures. And the temperature of a heated pan can easily exceed 3000C!

2. Leave oil unattended. Never let it heat up unless you're supervising it. Spontaneous ignition of the oil is possible! And yet, if suddenly your oil ignites, then do not panic: quickly cover it with a damp cloth (rough canvas apron, etc.) and in no case fill it with water to put it out !!

3. Fry food in hot oil. Any overheated oil will shoot and invariably spoil the taste of the product you are preparing.

4. Keep oil in the light. Light provokes oxidative processes in the oil and destroys the useful substances in it. Unrefined oil quickly loses its color (the pigments in the oil are destroyed) and rancid. Refined oil also “fades” and although this does not critically affect the quality of the oil, it is still worth storing it in a place protected from light.

5. When preparing minced meat dishes amount of liquid(milk, water, mayonnaise) added to minced meat should not exceed 10% of the mass of meat. When frying, excess liquid with juice flowing out of the product is collected in a condensed form in a pan, and also provokes the “shooting” of your oil.

6. Before frying the meat, it must first be dried.(wrapped in a paper napkin), because. the moisture in the meat (often not completely thawed) gets into the oil and the oil starts to “shoot” and smoke.

7. Sliced raw potatoes must be thoroughly rinsed with cold water before frying. to remove starch grains from the surface, otherwise, when frying, the slices will stick together and may even stick to the bottom, and also dry (for example, with a paper towel) - this will accelerate the formation of a crust, the oil will not splatter, the pieces will evenly fry.

8. Use for food after expiration date. Over time, oxides are formed in it, which disrupt the body's metabolism.

9. Reuse oil after frying. When heated, it forms toxic compounds that have mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. But there are no useful components in it at all.

Vitamins and healing properties of sunflower oil

- one of the best types of vegetable fat. Due to its composition, it has the highest energy intensity, since when burning 1 g of fat, 9 kcal of heat is released, while when burning 1 g of protein or carbohydrates, only 4 kcal is released. The created energy reserve (within reasonable limits) allows the body to endure adverse conditions, especially cold weather and diseases. - a product that is not inferior in calories to fats of animal origin. So, it is 899 kcal / 100 g, and cream - 737 kcal / 100 g. In addition, the digestibility of sunflower oil is 95-98%. But one of the most important reasons why we all just need to use it is that it is a unique source of a whole complex of biologically active substances.

Vitamin E (tocopherol) called an anti-sterile vitamin, as it is necessary for the normal process of reproduction. The lack of this substance () leads to a degenerative change in spermatozoa in men, and women lose the ability to carry the fetus normally. It also neutralizes oxidative reactions in the body and is one of the main antioxidants, and natural ones. It is of great importance in the prevention of atherosclerosis, muscular dystrophy and tumors. Vitamin E improves memory by blocking the production of free radicals that cause aging. No wonder it is also called the “vitamin of youth”, because its lack in the body will immediately affect the condition of the hair, nails and skin. Thanks to vitamin E, blood circulation improves: blood clotting decreases, the formation of blood clots is prevented. And the strengthening effect of vitamin E on immunity is beyond any doubt: it is thanks to tocopherol that our body is able to resist various viruses and infections. And here are some more important functions of this vitamin: help lower blood pressure, prevent inflammation and prevent the development of cataracts. In addition, vitamin E, which contributes to the development of physical strength, is necessary for those who lead an active lifestyle and play sports. An adult needs an average of 10-25 mg of vitamin E per day. The highest dosage is used by athletes, pregnant and lactating women. 100 g of sunflower oil contains up to 50 mg of this vitamin! Do not forget, by the way, that natural vitamin E is better absorbed by the body than pharmacy.

Vitamin F (polyunsaturated fatty acids: linoleic, linolenic) - a vital complex of biologically active substances that is not synthesized in the human body and must be regularly supplied with sunflower oil - a rich source of vitamin F. It is he who is responsible for the synthesis of hormones, maintaining immunity and cell regeneration. There is no better ally in the fight against atherosclerosis.

One of the profitable acquisitions for starting your own business is a mini butter plant, since the demand for products is constant. If we consider the diversity of plant species, the most popular is sunflower oil. Therefore, it is important to consider the features of its production.

The essence of the production process

Thinking through all the details of the production cycle, it is necessary to decide what type of sunflower oil - unrefined, refined will be produced. They differ in the degree of purification.

The cycle for the production of refined oil is more labor-intensive, as it includes chemical-technological methods for cleaning, which allows you to remove unwanted odors and extraneous tastes. If the goal is an unrefined type, then the process stops at the mechanical filtration phase, and the product retains the specific taste and rather expressive smell of natural vegetable oil.

How sunflower oil is produced

A novice businessman should take into account that despite the lower costs, the profit from the sale of unrefined oil is reduced, since its cost is lower, and demand is less.

The technological chain for the production of vegetable oil is quite branched, on average it consists of the following steps:

If sunflower oil is produced from a line of unrefined varieties, then there will be no refining operation in the cycle. Sometimes the heat treatment stage is eliminated in order to save on the purchase of equipment.

Heat treatment in the presence of a full cycle before pressing involves heating the raw materials in braziers. The optimum temperature for this operation is set in the range from 100 to 110°C.

The completeness of the subsequent extraction in the presses depends on a number of indicators - viscosity, pressure, density. The next stage involves filtration (settling, centrifugation), the purpose of which is to remove mechanical impurities. After this operation, unrefined oil is obtained, which can be sold.

Refining involves the passage of several stages:

To remove phosphatides and make the oil clear, it is treated with hot (65-70°C) water (hydration process).

A neutralization procedure can be carried out, in which the preheated oil is exposed to alkali. As a result of the reaction, free fatty acids are removed.

Classic continuous refining process Oil after these stages is called refined not deodorized. Deodorization completely removes pigments, volatile compounds, giving the resulting deodorized refined oil a light straw color.

Differences between a mini-factory and large enterprises

When planning your own production of high-quality vegetable oil, you should pay attention to ready-made mini-factories, which have a number of advantages, unlike large enterprises.

Compactness. Mini-factories do not require large areas, so a novice entrepreneur does not need to spend significant funds if the premises are rented or specially built.
Mobility. If necessary, there are no difficulties when moving a mini-factory focused on the production of sunflower oil to another location.
Profitability. Significant savings are observed at different points - the purchase of equipment, wages, since a small number of people serve production lines.
Efficiency. In a small enterprise, you can quickly make changes to the technological process in accordance with modern requirements.

Necessary equipment

If the decision on what type of vegetable oil will be produced has already been made, then the range of equipment offered by different manufacturers should be analyzed. It can be a household unit of small power or a high-performance mini-factory. The choice depends on the expected performance.

When planning to receive 30 tons or more per day, it is necessary to purchase a complete technological line, including both extraction and refining of sunflower oil. Having decided to receive no more than 10 tons per day, it is advisable to buy the necessary equipment separately:

a separator designed for cleaning seeds;
crushing and winding aggregate;
roller machine;
spinning machine;
brazier;
filters - 2-3 pieces needed to extract the oil;
apparatus for refining;
filling machine.

At the initial stage of formation, you can not purchase a brazier, including it in a long-term plan for expanding production.

The main and important step in preparing for the start of activity is obtaining all permits, since serious requirements are imposed on food production. The premises are equipped in accordance with sanitary standards with water supply and sewerage. Regulatory indications for illumination must be observed, as well as the necessary measures for fire safety.

The area of the room where the mini-factory will be installed is calculated based on the need to provide about 40 square meters. meters per ton of raw materials that are planned to be processed during the day. Be sure to provide for spacious warehouses focused on storing the production stock of raw materials, which should be enough for at least a month of operation of the mini-factory. Taking into account that during storage sunflower seeds crumble in a low layer, the storage facilities should be quite spacious, almost twice the area of the production workshop.

A place will be required for storing meal and husks - production waste remaining in the process of making vegetable oil. On warm days, they can be under a canopy. With year-round operation, a separate room will be required for these purposes. The number of maintenance personnel depends on the degree of automation of the mini-factory. If the productivity is low, and all operations are performed according to a given program, then one or two people are enough.

Business plan

Starting to draw up a business plan, it is necessary to carry out serious marketing activities in advance in order to identify regular consumers of a certain type of sunflower oil. It is used not only as a food product and sold by retail outlets, but also serves as a raw material in various areas - cosmetics, paint and varnish, soap, medical industry.

One of the advantages of obtaining vegetable oil is wastelessness. During the hulling of the seeds, the husk is separated. If the oil is obtained by the extraction method, then meal is formed, and when using the pressing method, cake remains. All these types of waste find their consumer. Meal and cake serve as valuable feed. Husk - seed husk serves as an organic fertilizer, is a raw material for the manufacture of heat and sound insulating plates, as well as granulated fuel.

cost, payback

An important section of the business plan is the calculation of the projected profit, for which the upcoming costs of obtaining vegetable oil on the mini-factory line, designed for 5 tons / day, and possible profits are calculated.

Approximate capital expenditures (thousand rubles):