Allergic rhinitis (runny nose) is a fairly common ailment for which people turn to a specialist. This disease is absolutely not contagious and is caused by inflammation of the nasal mucosa as a result of an allergic reaction. Let's look at how to treat allergic rhinitis, what causes the disease and how it is diagnosed.

According to statistics, in Russia approximately 20% of the population suffers from allergic rhinitis. The mechanism of development of the disease is an allergic reaction, or more precisely, immediate hypersensitivity.

This mechanism has many allergic processes, the signs of which are formed from a few seconds to 20 minutes from the moment of interaction with the allergen.

Allergens that most often provoke allergic rhinitis:

• insects;
• plant pollen;
• mites living in house dust;
• yeast and mold fungi;
• some food products;
• library and house dust;
• medicines.

Hereditary predisposition increases the likelihood of developing the disease.

The main symptoms of allergic rhinitis are:

1. Sneezing, often paroxysmal;
2. Difficulty in nasal breathing is not common and usually occurs in severe forms. At night, nasal congestion increases;
3. Itchy nose.

The appearance of the patient at the time of exacerbation of allergic rhinitis is typical. A slight swelling of the face appears, breathing through the nose is complicated, the person breathes primarily through the mouth. The eyes are often red and may be watery. Sometimes dark circles appear under the eyes. People suffering from allergic rhinitis may involuntarily and quite often rub the tip of their nose with their palm.

Allergic rhinitis most often first makes itself felt in childhood or adolescence. Considering the intensity of the symptoms of allergic rhinitis, mild, moderate and severe degrees are distinguished. When signs of the disease do not disturb sleep or reduce daytime activity, they speak of a mild degree of severity; when performance decreases slightly and sleep is disturbed, they speak of a moderate degree of severity, and with pronounced manifestations of all symptoms - of a severe degree of allergic rhinitis.

If symptoms occur only in the spring-summer period, then this is seasonal rhinitis; there is also a year-round form. Seasonal allergic rhinitis usually occurs due to an allergy to pollen.

Sometimes patients themselves may notice the provoking agents. For example, cleaning the house, contact with a cat, walking outside on a spring day, etc.

Initial use of antihistamines always provides temporary relief. It happens that conjunctivitis is associated with a runny nose. All these symptoms may be precursors to the development of bronchial asthma.

Almost all rhinitis, and there are many of them (occupational, infectious, medicinal, atrophic, psychogenic, hormonal rhinitis, etc.), have similar manifestations, apart from a few differences. Each of them needs their own medical interventions and personal approach. Therefore, the diagnosis must still be left to a specialist.

Most often, people use nasal vasoconstrictors for quite a long time, and as a result of abuse of such drugs, the course of the disease can worsen. Patients with allergic rhinitis often have increased sensitivity to irritants such as chemicals, tobacco smoke and strong odors.

Diagnostics

• As soon as possible, go to an appointment with an allergist-immunologist and otolaryngologist. Be sure to visit exactly two specialists to make an accurate diagnosis and exclude a combined problem (in particular, allergic rhinitis and sinusitis).
• A nasal swab for eosinophils (more than 5%) or a blood test for general IgE (more than 100 IU) confirm the allergic nature of the runny nose.
• To identify the cause of the disease, 2 types of diagnostics are used:

a) Skin testing. Several “scratches” are made on the skin and various allergens are applied to them in the form of solutions, wait half an hour and evaluate the result. Contraindicated for pregnant and lactating women and during exacerbation. A week before the procedure, antihistamines are discontinued.

b) Blood test for IgE-specific. This method has no contraindications, but, unfortunately, it is quite expensive and relatively often gives false results.

Some clinics may advise you to donate blood to test for leukolysis reactions with food. This diagnosis has low reliability.

A clinical blood test, rhinomanometry, nasal smear, and x-ray of the sinuses are performed at the discretion of the doctor.

To treat allergic rhinitis, you almost always need to take antihistamines by mouth. It is recommended to use medications of the second (Zodak, Cetrin, Claritin) and third (Zyrtec, Erius, Telfast) generations. The duration of therapy is determined by a specialist, but is rarely less than 2 weeks. These drugs can have negative effects on the heart and mental abilities, so consult a doctor.

Even for a runny nose, topical agents are prescribed, for example, cromoglin, cromohexal, cromosol. These sprays are effective when used in children or when the disease is mild. Such medications can be used for prevention all year round. Recently, the spray Nazaval has been successfully used. It forms a film on the nasal mucosa that protects against contact with the allergen. In case of severe severity of the disease, nasal corticosteroids are used (nasobek, nasonex, beconase, flixonase, nazarel, benorin, aldecine).

Remember, you should not abuse vasoconstrictor drops (naphthyzin). If drug treatment does not help or there are contraindications to it, allergen-specific immunotherapy may be prescribed. It is carried out during a period of stable remission of the disease. Surgery for allergic rhinitis is rarely performed and only in the presence of parallel ENT pathology.

Prevention

Unfortunately, no special prevention has been developed. If you have a disease, it is simply necessary to eliminate contact with the allergen if possible.

Which doctor should I contact?

Allergic rhinitis is treated by an allergist. Additionally, it will be useful to consult an ENT doctor and an immunologist, and if episodes of wheezing or unexplained cough occur in children, a pulmonologist. By consulting with a nutritionist, you can find out which foods are best excluded from your diet during an exacerbation of allergic diseases.

And if you already have a cough?

Mimi, and if you have not only rhinitis, but also a cough, then it could be an allergy to a dust mite, for example. This is a very common form of allergy today. but it’s best to go to the doctor, determine what you are allergic to - only a specialist, taking samples, will be able to determine... well, on the other hand, even if it’s a house dust mite, they will most likely prescribe ASIT treatment - this is immunotherapy with the same allergens (now they prescribe French stallergens). The method and the drug are very effective and, most importantly, safe, which is important. The essence of the treatment is simple - go to the doctor for injections once a month or put drops under your tongue at home, it’s very convenient. As far as I know, the ASIT method also helps with other types of allergies

I’m sick, suspected of allergic rhinitis, they sent me for blood and urine tests. I don’t know what I’m allergic to. They forbade me from going to the pool, they said it could cause an exacerbation.

We are allergic to dust mites, we took the vaccine for 3 years - it didn’t help at all. Constantly stuffy nose at home. Everything happens on the street. What safe and effective drops does anyone recommend?

Apply Vaseline to your nose to protect it from inhalation.

It's good if you can get rid of the allergen. I can't do it. There are no dust collectors at home, but still every cleaning is hard labor. I can’t sit on cromones and antihistamines all the time. I save myself by simply washing it with Aqualor, washing away the dust from the mucous membrane, and it becomes easier.

I treat this kind of rhinitis with Allergodil spray. Its action lasts for a very long time. Now, when everything smells like fir trees and citrus fruits, to which I am allergic, this is simply a salvation.

At the age of 14, I have allergic rhenitis, can it be cured forever?

My husband has terrible allergies to many foods and animals. This is the most offensive thing. No matter how many children try to get a cat or a dog, their nose is immediately stuffy, their eyes are watery, and they are sneezing. The reaction to most antihistamines is drowsiness, and he is a mining driver, and he was terribly afraid that he would fall asleep at the wheel. Maybe there is a drug that does not make you sleepy and relieves allergic symptoms?

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How to recognize and treat allergic rhinitis?

A runny nose that occurs due to allergies is a common problem that forces people to consult an allergist or immunologist. Indeed, according to statistics, this type of rhinitis is diagnosed in 12-15% of the Russian population. Allergy symptoms become more pronounced from late April to September during the flowering period of trees, grasses and cereals.

Nasal congestion and secretions caused by allergies cause severe discomfort to the patient. And in the absence of treatment and elimination of the factors that provoke the disease, a number of dangerous complications develop. Therefore, every person should know what allergic rhinitis is, how it appears, and what its symptoms are.

What is the disease and what causes it

Allergic rhinitis is an inflammation of the nasal mucosa that occurs upon contact with an allergen (antigenic substance). When interacting with the immune system, the allergen provokes a reaction that damages tissue. For most people, such substances are not dangerous. Only those who have increased sensitivity react to them.

Attention! The mechanism of allergy development includes a lot of processes, the signs of which can form from 2-3 seconds to 20 minutes after contact with the allergen.

This type of rhinitis can be seasonal, year-round and occupational. The causes of the first form of runny nose (hay fever) are flowering plants (ragweed, poplar fluff, cereals).

Such a runny nose occurs in a person every year in the spring and summer.

With multiple exacerbations of the disease with failure of the vasomotor properties of the nasal mucosa, the seasonal form of the disease develops into a permanent one.

Year-round type of rhinitis occurs with constant interaction with any allergen:

How does the disease manifest itself?

Symptoms of a runny nose caused by an allergen occur after contact with it immediately or over the next 4-8 hours. Signs may bother the patient for up to 10 days. How does allergic rhinitis, which develops instantly, manifest itself? In this case, the following clinical picture is noted:

Attention! Often, a runny nose appears within three minutes after contact with the pathogen.

Symptoms and treatment of allergic rhinitis in adults depend on the severity of the disease. Thus, after a long time after interacting with a disease irritant, a person may experience the following manifestations:

• weakness;
• wheezing and stuffy nose, which is often observed in children;
• restless sleep;
• cough;
• pain or discomfort in the face;
• loss of smell;
• heavy breathing through the mouth;
• increased sensitivity to light.

Important! Genetic predisposition increases the likelihood of allergic rhinitis.

The person also becomes irritable, and due to increased pressure in the ears, his hearing deteriorates. Children often experience an “allergic greeting,” that is, rubbing the top of their nose with their palm. When constantly performing this action, people develop a fold in the bridge of the nose. Even with the chronic course of the disease, problems arise with the Eustachian tubes and sinuses, and circles form under the eyes.

How to get rid of the disease?

Therapy for the disease is aimed at eliminating allergens and using various medications. But first, a diagnosis of allergic rhinitis is carried out, including an examination of the patient by an allergist or ENT doctor.

The doctor prescribes a number of tests, such as urine and blood tests, allergy tests, and x-rays of the sinuses.

If the disease constantly reminds you of itself, then its treatment should also be daily. With a seasonal course, therapy is carried out only during this period. The first and most important condition for successful treatment is avoidance of allergens.

Initially, antihistamines are prescribed in the form of drops or tablets for oral administration. Preference is given to second and third generation drugs:

The dosage is selected depending on the age of the patient. The duration of treatment is determined by the doctor, but often it is about 14 days.

However, it is impossible to take medications that eliminate the morning symptoms of allergic rhinitis uncontrollably. Many of them have negative effects on the heart and impair cognitive abilities.

To eliminate inflammation in the nose, cell membrane stabilizers are prescribed to allergy sufferers. Medicines have a local effect. Popular Cromonies - Kromoglin, Kromosol, Cromony.

In case of severe swelling, accompanied by nasal congestion, drops are prescribed to constrict the blood vessels. These include Nazo-spray, Tizin, Nazol and others. The disadvantages of such means are that they are quickly addictive.

Attention! When antihistamines are not effective, hormonal agents are used.

Since toxins accumulate in the body during rhinitis caused by allergens, enterosorbents (Polysorb, Enterosgel) are used to remove them. But how and how to treat allergic rhinitis if the use of all the above-described remedies did not have the expected therapeutic effect? In such cases, immunotherapy is performed, which involves subcutaneous injection of small doses of allergens to the patient. This way the body gets used to them and the course of the disease becomes less acute.

What happens if the disease is not treated?

The first noticeable complication of allergies is a deterioration in quality of life. After all, the disease exhausts a person, making him nervous and depressed. Also, a constant runny nose, sneezing and watery eyes interfere with study and work. A more dangerous consequence of allergic rhinitis is an increased likelihood of asthma (inflammation of the lower respiratory tract).

The disease is accompanied by spasms of the small bronchi, which is accompanied by coughing, shortness of breath, wheezing and chest discomfort.

Attention! A runny nose caused by allergies causes night snoring, which can lead to sleep apnea.

Often, a runny nose that appears against the background of allergies is associated with eczema, namely, diathesis, neurodermatitis or atopic dermatitis. With such pathologies, the skin becomes red, swollen, flaky and itchy.

Another complication of rhinitis is swelling of the nasal passages. With turbinate hypertrophy, the nose is constantly stuffy, sometimes the patient feels pressure in the forehead. Allergies also reduce the functioning of the immune system, increasing the risk of infection of the nasal mucosa. All this contributes to the development of sinusitis and infectious rhinitis.

Other possible consequences of the disease include:

• nasal polyps;
• dental occlusion;
• middle ear infections;
• dental occlusion;
• difficulty breathing through the mouth.

So, in order to prevent the development of a runny nose caused by seasonal allergens, during the flowering of plants it is recommended to go to an area with a different climate zone.

But not everyone can afford this, so the main prevention of the development of allergies is to minimize all contacts with the allergen. Therefore, you may have to temporarily give up walking in forests, parks, contact with animals, or using your favorite perfume.

Pediatric doctor, highest category. Candidate of Medical Sciences.

Specialist in pediatric diseases. Honored otolaryngologist.

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All information on the site is for informational purposes only and does not claim to be absolutely accurate from a medical point of view. Treatment must be carried out by a qualified doctor. By self-medicating you can harm yourself!

Causes and treatment of allergic rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis has become widespread in our time due to the fact that the number of people who respond to a pathological reaction of the immune system to an allergen entering the body increases from year to year. This is no coincidence, because any substance, organic or artificially synthesized, can be a provoking factor. With the development of technology, the number of potential allergens will only increase. Both adults and children suffer from this disease. The hereditary factor plays a major role in this.

Characteristics of allergic rhinitis

The ways the allergen enters the body are as follows:

1. Food, when the allergens are food;
2. Medicinal, caused by taking medications;
3. Air;
4. Insect, in which an allergy develops in response to an insect bite;
5. Contact, in direct contact with the patient's skin.

Manifestations of allergies in all these cases may be different. The most typical allergic rhinitis occurs when an allergen comes in from the air.

Allergens in this case may be:

• plant pollen;
• room dust;
• animal fluff and hair;
• substances with a strong odor, aerosols, perfumes.

However, with other mechanisms of entry of the allergen into the body, rhinitis can also develop.

Symptoms of allergic rhinitis are as follows:

1. Nasal congestion;
2. The presence of copious glassy discharge;
3. Sneezing;
4. Itchy nose.

In some cases, these symptoms of a runny nose due to allergies are supplemented by the presence of cough, difficulty breathing, skin rashes, itching, and the development of conjunctivitis. Besides this how Taking an anamnesis will help to distinguish an allergic runny nose from a cold.

Where there is a clear connection between deterioration in health and exposure to an allergen, and there is a hereditary factor, it is most likely that we are talking about a runny nose due to allergies.

In addition to the listed facts, the infectious process develops acutely, especially of a viral nature, and is accompanied by the presence of intoxication, when there is malaise, aching joints, lack of appetite, and fever. The presence of these symptoms will also help in deciding how to distinguish an allergic runny nose from a cold.

Allergic rhinitis in infants has its own characteristics. They consist in the fact that it has to be differentiated in addition to rhinitis of infectious origin with a physiological runny nose, which does not require the prescription of medications.

The symptoms of allergic rhinitis in a child are the same as in an adult. Consultation with a specialist is essential here. A pediatrician in tandem with an allergist must establish a diagnosis, understand the cause of this symptom, and prescribe adequate therapy based on the child’s age.

To clarify the diagnosis, laboratory tests can be carried out to more accurately determine the causes of the disease.

Methods for diagnosing allergic rhinitis

To diagnose allergic rhinitis in a child, use the following:

1. General blood test;
2. Determination of the level of specific immunoglobulin E in blood serum.

In terms of diagnosing allergies, an increase in the level of eosinophils, calculated from a general blood test, may indicate the allergic nature of the disease, although the method is imprecise. Eosinophilia is also observed with helminthiasis.

As for determining the level of immunoglobulin E, this method is very informative and allows you to more reliably confirm a specific allergen. In addition, using a test plate, you can identify several allergens at once. There are no contraindications to its implementation. It can be performed at any age or condition of the patient.

For children over 5 years of age and adults, skin tests may be added to these examinations. This method is simple, convenient, accessible, and informative. However, except for children, it cannot be used to diagnose allergic rhinitis during pregnancy and during exacerbation of the disease, as it can cause a deterioration in the patient’s health.

In the presence of serious concomitant pathology, it is also risky to use allergy tests.

Principles of treatment of allergic rhinitis

If the diagnosis has been clarified and the allergen has been identified, then the question of how to cure allergic rhinitis is relevant.

Any allergic condition develops when a potentially dangerous substance enters the body, where it triggers a pathological antigen-antibody reaction, accompanied by the release of large amounts of biologically active substances, histamine and serotonin. The consequence of this is the development of inflammatory changes in the body. Based on this, treatment for allergic rhinitis should include:

1. Exclusion of the allergen (elimination);
2. Prescribing medications aimed at reducing histamine activity and reducing the inflammatory response;
3. Prescribing nasal drops that have a vasoconstrictor effect;
4. Conducting specific immunotherapy;
5. Carrying out preventive measures.

The most effective way to eliminate the allergen is to change your place of residence if a reaction is noted to plant pollen.

Otherwise, the patient develops hay fever - a disease characterized by seasonality and associated with the flowering of certain plants in a given area.

If for some reason it is not possible to make such radical changes in lifestyle, then they resort to preventive measures, which include limiting their time in the open air, carrying out daily wet cleaning of the premises, regularly changing outerwear, taking a shower after each visit to the street.

In cases where the development of rhinitis is associated with the entry of fluff, wool, and aerosol molecules into the upper respiratory tract, then preventive measures will be more effective. It is enough to exclude these items from everyday life.

This could be household or book dust, hair and fluff from pets or parrots, or fish food. Often you have to give up your favorite scents: perfumes, some household chemicals, air fresheners, and deodorants.

In addition, it is necessary to adhere to a hypoallergenic diet, even if the mechanism of allergy development is not related to food. In cases with newborn children, a later introduction of complementary foods and the use of special hypoallergenic mixtures are implied. You need to be more careful when choosing fruits for making juices.

Antihistamines are drugs that act directly on biologically active substances, thereby reducing clinical manifestations.

Their use is limited by a number of side effects.

Long-term use of drugs in this group causes addiction. In addition, drowsiness, impaired attention, and dry mouth are noted, and therefore their use in pediatric practice may be limited. To treat allergic rhinitis in adults, Allergodil and Histimet nasal drops are used.

In severe cases, when severe allergic rhinitis is a concern and the treatment is ineffective, topical hormone-containing medications are prescribed.

The drugs of choice are fluticasone or Avamys.

Due to the presence of side effects, as well as due to the development of addiction, these drops cannot be used for a long time, and have age restrictions. Pregnant women are advised to use these drugs only if the risk associated with taking them is lower than avoiding them. In this case, a joint consultation with a gynecologist and an allergist is necessary.

Nasal congestion during rhinitis is associated with the development of swelling of the mucous membranes, the cause of which in this case was an allergen. The prescription of drugs whose action is aimed at narrowing blood vessels, and therefore reducing edema, is very justified.

Indeed, the use of vasoconstrictor nasal drops leads to a rapid development of the effect. Mucous flow decreases, nasal congestion goes away.

However, despite local use, these drugs have an effect on the vessels of the whole body, manifested by an increase in blood pressure, the development of tachycardia, and interruptions in heart function.

Addiction to them develops too quickly, when, despite continued use of the drug, the condition worsens. Due to the fact that treatment of a runny nose due to allergies can take many months, the use of vasoconstrictor drops is very limited.

These drugs are more widely used in the treatment of infectious rhinitis, the duration of which does not exceed 7-10 days. The listed groups of drugs have only a symptomatic effect.

The most effective method of combating allergic rhinitis in adults is currently specific immunotherapy (SIT). The method consists of introducing minimal doses of the allergen into the patient’s body for a long time, thus developing addiction.

In children under 5-6 years of age, the immune system continues to develop. In addition, the introduction of allergens usually occurs subcutaneously. These facts are an obstacle to performing SIT for children.

Pregnancy is also a contraindication for using this method. A limitation may also be the deterioration of the patient’s condition caused by the additional concentration of the allergen in the air when the flowering season of dangerous plants comes. Another important disadvantage of specific immunotherapy is the duration of implementation, which extends to 3-5 years.

For effective treatment of allergic rhinitis, it is necessary to maintain the humidity and temperature in the room to prevent the nasal mucosa from drying out and, therefore, acquiring a secondary bacterial infection.

The temperature in the bedroom should be no higher than 20-21 degrees. Keeping humidity at a sufficient level can be achieved using humidifiers or improvised means, such as a basin of water. More often this is necessary during the operation of water batteries that excessively dry out the air.

These simple measures are especially important for the treatment of allergic rhinitis in a child, whose nasal passages are structured with a small diameter, which means less active mucus discharge. Stagnation of the secretion causes a change in consistency and the formation of crusts.

Nasal congestion intensifies and the condition worsens. Therefore, in addition to antihistamine treatment and taking vasoconstrictors, the child is shown procedures aimed at maintaining the viscosity of the mucus at a sufficient level. This can be rinsing the nose with saline solution, Aquamaris or other pharmaceutical solutions prepared on the basis of sea salt.

Among some patients, traditional medicine for the treatment of allergies has become widespread. These include decoctions and infusions of herbs such as nettle, horsetail, bay leaf, and mumiyo.

There is no clear answer here.

But when resorting to this method of treatment, it is necessary to consult with a specialist, since many herbs may initially be allergens and, therefore, only aggravate the condition.

As for children, in this case only traditional therapy can be considered, since even minimal doses of herbal medicines can be toxic to the child.

A therapist with 20 years of experience, Sergei Aleksandrovich Ryzhikov, answers your questions.

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Early symptoms usually include:

• frequent sneezing, which is almost impossible to stop, and most often it occurs in the morning;
• clear discharge that lasts for several days; if it is accompanied by a secondary type of infection, then it acquires a thick structure;
• in addition to the flow of fluid from the nose, there is often a sore throat;
• itching is felt not only in the nasal cavity, but also in the eyes, and sometimes they water.

Late signs include:

• the presence of irritability and fatigue at home and at work;
• violation of olfactory functions, respiratory functions are carried out through the oral cavity;
• pain in the facial area;
• sleep disturbances, sometimes leading to insomnia, as a result of difficulty breathing;
• snoring, which is often observed in childhood, with a similar phenomenon;
• changes in mood, predominance of irritability;
• prolonged cough that does not go away with medication;
• as a consequence, the development of sinusitis and other serious pathologies in the body.

Additional symptoms, which do not occur in all cases, but still occur, include: redness in the upper lip and eyes, headaches, as well as loss of appetite and treatment of such phenomena should be immediate.

In an unfamiliar room, a person experiences nasal congestion and runny fluid, which indicates the onset of a runny nose. This allergic reaction manifests itself to dust, unusual furniture, and paint in the room.

Smells from tobacco smoke, as well as perfumes, can also cause itching and nasal congestion.

Congestion is more evident when a person goes to bed. The eyes turn red and signs of conjunctivitis appear, causing discomfort.

The doctor most often confirms the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis if there are several of the above symptoms, since they indicate precisely this origin of the disease.

Many patients, when a runny nose occurs from an allergen, use vasoconstrictors, which causes even more harm to the nasal passages, and also worsens the condition and adds additional unpleasant reactions.

Types of allergic rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis is represented by several types. A proper understanding of this phenomenon is necessary, so each of them must be studied.

So, experts identify the following types of allergic rhinitis:

1. Year-round . Its characteristic feature is constant contact with a specific allergen, which has an impact on the negative consequences of the body.
2. Seasonal view . If a certain type of allergen is present in the air at a particular time of year, many allergy sufferers will react to insects or pollen during the summer season.
3. Professional . This type assumes the fact that a person, due to the nature of his professional activity, is constantly in contact with a certain allergen that can cause allergic rhinitis.

A runny nose caused by allergies is divided into the degree of damage to the body:

• mild degree, in which there is practically no congestion, and sleep is not interrupted at night;
• the middle and severe stages prevent a person from leading life as before and disrupt sleep due to severe congestion.

What will a runny nose from allergies ultimately lead to?

With frequent contact with a particular allergen that can provoke an allergic rhinitis, it will appear immediately after interaction with the irritating factor.

If a person dependent on external allergic factors has hay fever, then the symptoms will be obvious during the period when trees continue to bloom or there is the presence of pollen from growing flowers.

If congestion does not go away after the allergen season, then it can lead to mouth breathing. This is harmful to the body because it leads to the formation of polyps in the nasal cavity and sinusitis.

In more advanced cases, the sense of smell and taste disappears, which significantly worsens the quality of life.

If rhinitis manifests itself as a seasonal phenomenon, then the development of complications most often does not occur.

Methods for treating allergic rhinitis

Before prescribing therapy against allergic rhinitis, the specialist will draw up a program according to which the patient will get rid of unpleasant sensations.

If one of the prescribed remedies causes skin irritation, it must be discontinued immediately, as it will negatively affect the health of a person prone to a runny nose.

The first thing the treating specialist will do is to identify the nature of the origin of the allergic rhinitis and find the allergen. Then you can proceed to the following stages of treatment:

• treatment for inflammation in the nasal cavity.
• specific therapy aimed at combating a certain type of runny nose.

Many people are interested in whether allergic rhinitis can be treated? An important rule that is established by all treating specialists is the “dust-free” regime, which means regular wet cleaning in the room where a person susceptible to allergic rhinitis is kept.

Special aerosols sprayed into the nasal mucosa allow you to create a protective barrier against the allergen. It is important in order to protect the body from the entry of a provoking factor that delays the treatment of allergic rhinitis.

How to treat allergic rhinitis? Antihistamines prescribed by the attending physician are selected taking into account the patient’s current symptoms and lifestyle.

One of the effective remedies for eliminating seasonal allergic rhinitis is a drug called “Dolphin”. They wash the nasal cavity against a runny nose.

The manufacturer created it with a bottle, straw and cap for easy use. It allows you to stop unpleasant symptoms and alleviate the patient’s condition by relieving the runny nose.

You can make your own wash and use it at home. To do this you need to follow the following recipe:

• put 1/4 of a spoon of salt and soda into a glass of warm water;
• add a few drops of iodine from the pharmacy to the glass;
• The prepared product can be placed in a device with a rinsing spout.

This solution is sold in the form of sachets. It can be purchased at your local pharmacy, but can also be prepared at home.

Seawater-based sprays are often used to eliminate allergy symptoms.

These include the following medications:

• Marimer;
• Allergol;
• Aquamaris;
• Aqualor.

If the allergy is mild, then doctors prescribe medications in the form of tablets and syrups against the runny nose.

These are tools such as:

• Semprex;
• Kistin;
• Klerasil;
• Erius.

Antihistamines are applied to the nasal cavity: and Histimed.

If a person is struck by a moderate or severe form of allergic rhinitis, then it is advisable to use drugs with a sedative effect, soothing at night and eliminating the symptoms of the disease.

These include Fenistil and Clemastine. It is important to remember that their dosage is chosen by the attending physician.

Such funds are not used for a long time.

Anti-inflammatory treatment

Usually, the inflammatory process is eliminated by means used in combination. Recently, doctors prefer to prescribe second-generation drugs. These include: Kestin and Claritin.

Sometimes I use products belonging to the third generation of drugs: Telfast, Zyrtec and Erius. The course of administration and dosage is selected by the treating specialist.

He carries out diagnostic measures and, depending on the symptoms of allergic rhinitis, as well as the age of the patient, selects a treatment method and medications.

The course of treatment is selected depending on the patient’s condition and most often lasts up to three weeks.

Prescribing medications for the common cold on your own is prohibited, as this can cause serious harm to human health.

It is important to remember that remedies for the common cold are cardiotoxic, that is, they have a negative effect on the cardiovascular system of the human body.

Therefore, preference should be given to the latest generation of drugs, the risk of which is much lower than those produced in the past. However, the cost of these medicinal drugs is higher than those of the previous generation.

Allegard- the best remedy for allergic rhinitis

The use of sprays and drops for allergic rhinitis

If the above drugs do not have the desired effect in ridding the body of allergic rhinitis, drops or sprays for the nasal cavity should be used, they can relieve allergy symptoms.

Sprays are usually used several times a day, spraying one to two times.

The result will be noticeable after the first three days, and sometimes earlier. Most often they are used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis in a small child.

Since the course of taking these drugs is preventive, sometimes doctors allow them to be used for four months from the moment of first use.

Sometimes, for preventive measures, the patient irrigates the nose for a year in order to achieve a lasting result after eliminating the allergic rhinitis.

To eliminate chronic allergic rhinitis, use the remedy “Nazval”. It is used no more than six times in one day.

After the product enters the nasal cavity, it forms a protective barrier that helps protect against the allergen entering the nose. In the acute form of the disease, this medication is completely useless.

A severe form of allergic rhinitis is treated with the following drugs:

• Benarin;
• Nazarel;
• Flixonase;
• Nasobek.

Errors when using drops

Doctors during acute and chronic periods of allergic rhinitis recommend using vasoconstrictors. These include Vibrocil and Naphthyzin.

They are able to eliminate swelling and temporarily stop the flow from the nose.

However, patients with allergic rhinitis often make the mistake of using them for too long.

Such use can lead to drug-induced rhinitis. It may be more dangerous than an allergic rhinitis. Sometimes, to get rid of it, surgical intervention is required to eliminate this pathological feature.

This medication is used for severe congestion, which makes it difficult for a person suffering from allergic rhinitis to breathe.

Traditional methods

Traditional medicine knows many recipes for various diseases. However, allergic rhinitis is not one of those ailments that can be treated with herbs and herbs. This is a very specific disease, expressed in special symptoms, which requires only drug therapy.

Often, the use of infusions and herbs can aggravate the situation, since an allergic runny nose can worsen when receiving a new allergen included in a traditional medicine recipe.

The only safe method related to traditional medicine is to rinse the nasal cavity with a saline solution. This is only the slightest help for allergic rhinitis, which can make breathing easier, but not a complete treatment.

Therefore, there is no need to delay going to your doctor and purchasing drops against allergic rhinitis and congestion. Purchasing drops against allergic rhinitis is necessary in order to achieve a lasting effect, and not relief for a while.

Allergic rhinitis during pregnancy

If a woman is expecting a child and she begins to have an allergic rhinitis, doctors are concerned about her condition, since there is little that can be prescribed for her from actively used medications.

They are prohibited during pregnancy, and traditional methods also cannot be used. The disease allergic rhinitis has virtually no effect on the condition of the fetus, but treatment methods, including the use of traditional medicine and medications, can cause harm.

Neglecting such recommendations can lead to miscarriage. In order to identify the cause of an allergic runny nose, the doctor asks the woman to go to the treatment room and take a blood test, since skin scrapings cannot be done during this period.

Treatment methods during pregnancy

The first thing that is important to remember is the ban on treatment with antihistamines that have a negative effect on the condition of the fetus.

If they are necessary for medical reasons, only a qualified medical specialist who is observing the woman during this period can prescribe a clear and competent dosage.

He will prescribe third-generation drugs that have less impact on the cardiovascular system. From this we can conclude that during pregnancy, women are also treated for allergic rhinitis.

On the recommendation of a doctor, nasal sprays can be administered. They should not contain harmful components. The first three months of bearing a child should pass without the use of medications against allergic rhinitis.

How to live with allergic rhinitis?

First of all, you need to consult a doctor and identify the cause of the allergic reaction. If it is defined, then it is easier to adjust your lifestyle to this unpleasant phenomenon.

If it turns out that the cause is a food allergen, there is a special analysis that allows us to identify which specific product causes discomfort to the human body. It is excluded from the daily diet.

The reason may be “household dust”; in this case, you should regularly carry out wet cleaning, but use gloves and a mask to protect against dust particles.

Habitual dust collectors should be removed from the home.

These include:

• soft toys;
• carpets;
• mattresses;
• curtains.

If you experience an allergic rhinitis due to flowering, you should not travel out of town. It is recommended to walk around the city only in the evening, when the air becomes fresh and the blooms are not so noticeable when you have a runny nose.

Allergic rhinitis is a consequence of contact of the human body and an allergen. It manifests itself in unpleasant symptoms and requires prompt treatment.

To do this, they find out the problem, that is, a specific allergen, and prescribe medications that are effective in eliminating congestion and eliminating allergic rhinitis.

Allergic rhinitis: causes, symptoms and treatment in adults

Rhinitis, or runny nose, is an inflammation of the nasal mucosa. It can be caused by various reasons: a viral or bacterial infection, an allergic reaction.

Rhinitis is usually accompanied by swelling of the inner surface of the nasal passages, sneezing, itching and an increase in the number of nasal passages. Allergic form of rhinitis is an immune disease.

In this article we will look at all the features, symptoms, and causes of this particular form of the disease. Here you will find information on what to do and how to get rid of allergic rhinitis.

What is allergic rhinitis?

Allergic rhinitis is an immediate allergic reaction (type I allergy).

When pollen comes into contact with the mucous membranes of the nose, eyes or respiratory tract, the body reacts immediately and develops corresponding allergic symptoms (difficulty breathing, sneezing, etc.).

Causes of allergic rhinitis

In the case of allergic rhinitis, or as it is also called, the cause is an inadequate response of the human immune system to particles of an external substance (allergen) entering the body. Hypersensitivity (increased sensitivity of the body to a substance) can occur to the same substances that do not cause any reaction in other people.

The following may act as irritants:

• plant pollen;
• fur and skin particles of some animals (cats, dogs, etc.);
• mold spores;
• waste products of microscopic mites contained in house dust (often causing allergy symptoms).

There is also an increased reaction of the mucous membranes to, in which case an allergic runny nose may also appear, among other painful manifestations.

Factors that provoke the occurrence of allergic rhinitis

The susceptibility to allergic rhinitis increases if a person has chronic inflammatory diseases in the ear, nose and throat area. Those who are prone to lingering colds and frequent viral infections are also at increased risk. Environmental factors:

• severe air pollution;
• tobacco smoke;
• an abundance of dust in the premises;
• constant presence of animals.

The likelihood of allergic rhinitis increases if there is a hereditary predisposition (one or both parents are prone to allergic reactions).

Symptoms of allergic rhinitis

The appearance of allergic rhinitis is characterized by certain symptoms. Some of them may appear almost immediately, within 4 to 8 hours, while others may appear 2 days or even weeks after the onset of the disease.

According to allergists, when a person first encounters an irritating substance, noticeable allergic reaction may not occur, but during subsequent contacts with the allergen it will become more pronounced.

In most cases, the symptoms of allergic rhinitis are as follows:

• repeated sneezing. Usually it occurs immediately when the allergen gets into the nasal mucosa;
• itching in the nose, sore throat. These manifestations are also very pronounced, and precisely at the very beginning of the disease;
• increased secretion of mucus from the nose. At the beginning it is a very thin, watery discharge. Subsequently, mucous secretions become thicker;
• lacrimation, itching and;
• congestion of the nasal passages, inability to breathe through the nose, deterioration of the sense of smell;
• increased sensitivity to strong odors: household and construction chemicals, perfumes, tobacco smoke;
• dry cough that comes later;
• weakness, drowsiness, chills and extreme fatigue (phenomena characteristic of later stages of the disease). This is how the body’s general allergic reaction manifests itself;
• Ear congestion and hearing loss are also characteristic of chronic stage allergic rhinitis.

Forms and stages of allergic rhinitis

A disease such as allergic rhinitis is characterized by two main forms:

• periodic (seasonal);
• permanent (all year round).

The difference between them is that in the seasonal form, the allergen is of plant origin and is released during the flowering of certain types of flowers or trees. In the chronic form, the irritant is present in a person’s everyday life (dust mites, mold, animals) and the disease may not stop all year round.

There is also a mixed form, in which chronic rhinitis is expressed year-round in an erased form and can be controlled with drugs, and worsens in the summer season.

The following stages of the disease are distinguished:

• acute – allergic rhinitis lasts up to 4 weeks;
• chronic – manifestations of the disease last longer than 4 weeks in a row. They do not stop at all or there is an unstable remission and then a recurrence.

The annual recurrence of symptoms of allergic rhinitis for a period exceeding 4 weeks is also considered a chronic course of the disease.

Diagnosis of allergic rhinitis

At the very beginning, to establish a diagnosis, the doctor conducts a detailed interview with the patient. This is how an anamnesis is collected about the course of the disease and all the factors accompanying its development, individual characteristics of the reaction to various substances, as well as treatment methods previously undertaken at home.

The hereditary factor, which is very important when diagnosing any allergic diseases, is also being studied.

In the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis, it is of great importance to identify precisely those irritating substances that trigger a negative immune reaction. In this way, a possible range of cross-allergens (similar products and substances that can also negatively affect a person) is established. Treatment for allergic rhinitis begins only after an accurate diagnosis has been established.

Proven diagnostic methods, the most popular at the moment:

• Skin test(). This simple method is often used, but its error is quite large. The point is that, using a special tool, a small scratch is made on a person’s skin, into which a substance – an allergen – is introduced. After 15 minutes you can evaluate the result. If the reaction is positive, the test site will turn red and there will be slight swelling and itching.
• Immunoblotting. This is an analysis of the reaction of human blood antibodies to molecules of an irritating substance. Conducted in laboratory conditions. A fairly accurate diagnostic method.
• Microscopic examination of smears. For this analysis, smears of mucous secretions taken from a patient during an exacerbation of allergic rhinitis are stained with special preparations and examined under a microscope.
• Allergen-specific immunoglobulin (IgE) test. Blood testing for an increase in the level of immunoglobulins E when exposed to various suspected allergen substances.
• Method of provocative analysis(rarely used). The patient is given a small amount of a substance that could potentially cause an allergic reaction. If the result is negative, the dose is gradually increased. This study is used only in inpatient settings.

Complications

If the disease is not treated, allergic rhinitis usually goes through a stage of change, over time the allergy moves from the nose and eyes to the lower respiratory tract, resulting in allergic rhinitis. As a result, allergic pollen will cause.

In addition, many other complications can occur with hay fever, such as:

• asthma;
• itching of the mucous membrane of the mouth, throat, ear;
• cough;
• allergic skin reactions (eg, redness, swelling);
• problems with concentration;
• sleep disorders;
• and hearing;
• general apathetic state.

The main complication of this disease is asthma (suffocation attacks). Sufferers have a significantly higher risk of developing asthma than people without allergies: in 80% of cases asthma is preceded by an allergy. However, early treatment of allergic rhinitis reduces the risk of developing asthma.

How to treat allergic rhinitis in adults?

To cure allergic rhinitis, it is first necessary to establish and confirm an accurate diagnosis, as well as identify a list of obvious and potential irritating substances - allergens. Subsequently, treatment is carried out aimed at solving three problems:

• relieving allergic inflammation and swelling of the nasal mucosa;
• elimination of the reaction to the influence of allergens (allergen-specific therapy);
• organizing a hypoallergenic lifestyle, minimizing contact with irritants.

Nutrition and lifestyle

If the question of treating allergic rhinitis has already arisen, the first thing you will have to do is change your usual lifestyle. Of great importance for any allergic diseases is the issue of reducing contact with irritants:

• If signs of a negative reaction to food are detected, it is necessary to strictly diet and completely exclude those products to which allergies have been identified;
• if a reaction to plant pollen occurs, it is recommended avoid any contact with the allergen during its flowering season(walks in nature, trips out of town). During an exacerbation, when coming home from the street, you need to immediately change clothes, take a shower, and rinse your nose with an isotonic solution. This is done in order to reduce the duration of contact with pollen that could be brought into the house on a person’s clothes, body and hair;
• If an allergic reaction to house dust is established, it is necessary to carry out regular wet cleaning indoors. It is also recommended to organize a hypoallergenic life: no carpets, heavy fabric curtains and down pillows, removal of all kinds of dust collectors. It is necessary to use special covers for upholstered furniture and beds, acaricidal (anti-mite) cleaning agents;
• Using household air purifiers is useful both for pollen allergies and in case of a reaction to house dust.

The listed methods are especially relevant in cases where there is a need to treat allergic rhinitis during pregnancy. In this case, you need to take all possible measures to organize a healthy lifestyle, proper nutrition and a hypoallergenic lifestyle.

This set of measures will reduce the need for the use of chemical drugs.

Drug therapy

Medicines intended to treat allergic rhinitis are designed primarily to relieve the allergic reaction and remove severe symptoms of the disease. Most often these are general antihistamines, available in tablets or drops.

They are taken as prescribed by a doctor, usually once a day, for a long period (from 1 month). Among these drugs, second-generation drugs have proven themselves well:

• Cetirizine;
• Claritin;
• Zodak.
• and the third (Erius, Zyrtec).

They have a minimum of side effects compared to the first generation (Suprastin). With a fairly mild form of the disease, it happens One medicine from this list is enough to completely eliminate symptoms .

When treating allergic rhinitis in patients with a more serious stage of the disease, doctors prescribe simultaneously with the use of tablets local anti-inflammatory drugs.

They are usually a nasal spray and differ in composition and principle of action of the active substance. Products based on sodium cromoglycate derivatives are widely known. These are drugs such as:

• Cromohexal
• Cromosol.

Such medications are used only as prescribed by a doctor. They are usually prescribed for mild to moderate severity of the disease.

Allergic rhinitis in adults is sometimes preferable to treat with local agents of this particular group, so that systemic effects from a general antihistamine do not develop.

For severe symptoms of allergic rhinitis, more serious hormonal medications are used to suppress the inflammatory response: nasal corticosteroids, which are also available in the form of sprays. These include drugs such as:

• Nasonex;
• Tafen;
• Benarin.

Although topical corticosteroids are usually well tolerated and have few side effects, they should never be taken without a doctor's prescription. Only treatment in adults is permissible; in younger children, these drugs are rarely prescribed.

Preparations based on isotonic solution or sea water:

• Salin;
• Aquamaris.

They are completely harmless and are designed to gently rinse and cleanse the nasal passages of allergens and mucus accumulations that have entered there.

Attention!!! It is strictly not recommended to use popular vasoconstrictor drugs for a long time in the treatment of allergic rhinitis - Naphthyzin, Xymelin. They do not solve the problem in any way, but instead dry out the inflamed nasal mucosa and, when used regularly, cause the development of drug-induced rhinitis.

Before treating allergic rhinitis, it is worth trying preventive measures, for example, Nazaval and Prevalin. These are protective sprays based on cellulose or oils and clay, which have an enveloping effect. They help isolate the nasal mucosa from the irritant, that is, they prevent the allergen from entering it.

The use of such drugs is advisable only in a state without an exacerbation - there is no point in applying them to the irritated mucous membrane during an allergy attack.

Allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT)

A separate group of medications is designed to prevent the development of a negative reaction to an allergen.

Allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) is a relatively new treatment method. The method is based on a gradual decrease in the body’s sensitivity to the allergen through gradual “habituation”. This long-term and complex therapy, carried out during the period of remission, allows you to prepare for the season of exacerbation of hay fever and achieve a decrease or complete absence of reaction to the stimulus.

To achieve stable remission, 3–4 courses of therapy may be needed.

Treatment of allergic rhinitis with folk remedies

Trying to treat allergic rhinitis with alternative medicine is only permissible if the disease is mild and has not become chronic.

You should be careful and remember that many plants themselves can be quite strong allergens.

To find out how the body reacts to a particular herbal remedy, you need to try using it for several days in a minimal amount.

If the body's reaction is normal, treatment with folk remedies can be carried out in long courses. Here are some popular recipes:

• A decoction of raspberry roots. Pour 100 grams of dry raw material into 1 liter of water, boil for half an hour, cool and strain. Take a quarter glass of this decoction three times a day, before meals. The course of treatment is 14 days.
• Elecampane decoction. Pour 2 teaspoons of dry, crushed elecampane roots into 200 ml of water and boil for 10 minutes. Strain, take half a glass 2 times a day. The course of taking the decoction is 14 days.
• Aloe juice nasal drops. Squeeze the juice from a fresh aloe leaf, instill 2 drops into each nostril 2 times a day. The juice can be stored in a tightly sealed container in the refrigerator for 1 week.
• A mixture of lemon and horseradish. Mix the crushed ingredients in equal parts. If desired, you can add a little honey (if you are sure there is no allergic reaction). Take 1 teaspoon twice a day, half an hour before meals.

The symptoms of allergic rhinitis are very unpleasant, and it can be quite difficult to completely cure this disease. Doctors recommend that people at risk adhere to the following rules to prevent allergies:

• use filters and indoor air purifiers;
• regularly carry out wet cleaning, get rid of house dust accumulations (carpets, large soft toys, down and feather pillows);
• avoid prolonged exposure to an aggressive air environment (tobacco smoke, strong chemical odors, dust and soot);
• during the flowering season of allergenic plants, stay indoors as much as possible or go to a different climate zone;
• follow the principles of proper nutrition and a hypoallergenic diet;
• If you have the slightest tendency to allergies, you should refuse to keep any animals in the house.

The topic of preventing diseases such as allergic rhinitis during pregnancy is becoming especially relevant. After all, there is a risk of developing the disease not only for the mother, but also for the unborn child. The use of drugs such as Prevalin or Nazaval– a safe way to prevent the development of the disease.

Forecast

The long-term prognosis of allergic rhinitis is good, as many cases are successfully managed by minimizing allergen exposure and treatment with one or more medications.

However, when people with allergic rhinitis have other coexisting conditions, it is much more serious, as it has been fatal in rare cases.

Although the condition is not considered serious (unless asthma is present), it causes a lot of discomfort and interferes with the patient's normal daily life.

Conclusion

There is no simple and quick way to treat allergic rhinitis in people prone to allergies. Only a qualified doctor can tell you what to do in each specific case.

To completely get rid of the disease, you will have to undergo complex diagnostics and a long course of treatment. In the future, you will need to avoid contact with allergens and adhere to a whole set of rules.

Sometimes moving to a different climate zone dramatically helps solve this problem.

Interesting

Treatment of allergic rhinitis in adults involves the use of various methods of therapy, including: drug therapy (medicines and drugs), folk remedies at home, physiotherapy, drops for vasoconstriction, sprays, immunotherapy and compliance with mandatory preventive measures.

The effectiveness of treatment will depend on the specific phase of the disease (remission or exacerbation). First of all, the cause of the disease should be identified, the allergen should be eliminated, and based on this, the doctor will determine the correct comprehensive treatment regimen for rhinitis.

In this material, we will look in detail at how to treat and how to get rid of allergic rhinitis in adults, what possible symptoms and causes of the development of the pathology, as well as what complications may occur during exacerbation. Let's find out the forms of the disease and what are the most effective methods of treatment and prevention.

Allergic rhinitis (atopic rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis) is a type of pathology in which inflammation of the nasal mucosa occurs in response to an increase in the allergic background. The disease is accompanied by swelling of the inner surface of the nasal passages, itching, sneezing and a large amount of mucous discharge. Allergic rhinitis is an immune disease.

This type of atopic rhinitis in most cases occurs in people who have a genetic predisposition and are prone to all kinds of allergic reactions. Under the influence of an allergen, a person experiences inflammation in the nasal cavity, causing swelling (runny nose and snot). The causes may be different: a bacterial or viral infection, an allergic reaction or a cold.

As practice shows, rhinitis is a common complaint of patients who turn to allergists. The disease in most cases occurs in preschool children, during the period when the child is exposed to various substances that can cause allergic rhinitis. But there are cases when the disease manifests itself in adults and treatment will also be necessary.

Prevalence of allergic rhinitis

According to statistics, approximately 35% of the world's population suffers from rhinitis. But only 60% of sick people turn to doctors for medical help. A person, faced with this form of allergy, tries to cure the disease on his own.

Over several years, the following disease trends have been identified:

• Every year the number of people suffering from rhinitis increases;
• People aged 18 to 24 years often get sick;
• This pathology is more likely to spread in regions that have poor pathology;
• In different regions of the country, the total number of cases can range from 12% to 24%.

Here we can draw certain conclusions: the problem of allergic rhinitis is more relevant than ever.

Allergic rhinitis is considered one of the most common diseases on the planet.

Forms and stages of allergic rhinitis

The classification of allergic rhinitis has changed several times over the years. Recently, atopic rhinitis was divided into acute, subacute and chronic rhinitis. Today, this classification can be considered outdated. Now allergists use simpler areas of the disease. A runny nose from allergies can be seasonal, year-round, medication-induced, or occupational.

Forms of rhinitis:

• Seasonal (periodic form);
• Year-round (permanent or chronic);
• Medication;
• Professional.

Form of allergic rhinitis

According to the severity of allergic manifestations, they are distinguished:

• mild: does not affect the general condition and the symptoms do not bother you much (1-2 signs may appear);
• moderate (moderate): sleep disturbance occurs due to more severe symptoms. During the day, the activity of symptoms decreases;
• severe: rather painful symptoms, which are accompanied by sleep disturbances and decreased performance. If a child has rhinitis, then his activity at school decreases.

According to duration and frequency, vasomotor allergic rhinitis is divided into:

• periodic: the allergic process can occur in the spring during the flowering period of various plants and trees;
• chronic: manifests itself throughout the year when there is a constant presence of any allergens in the environment. For example, it could be field ticks;
• intermittent: an illness with acute episodes lasts no more than 4 days a week and less than 1 month;
• persistent allergic rhinitis – the disease accompanies the patient for more than 1 month a year or 4 days a week.

Stages of allergic rhinitis:

• acute stage: duration up to 4 weeks;
• chronic stage: the disease continues for more than 4 weeks in a row. The runny nose does not stop at all or recurs after a short period of time.

If you notice that you or your child have rhinitis of an allergic nature, you should begin treatment as quickly as possible.

Seasonal allergic rhinitis

For the manifestation of a seasonal runny nose, irritants such as pollen from plants and trees act. In some cases, fungal spores may be allergens. Many patients may believe that a runny nose appears due to poplar fluff. But this is not true. As a rule, rhinitis can be caused by plant pollen, which appears simultaneously with poplar fluff. The seasonality of this form of allergy may vary: it all depends on the region in which the patient lives.

Symptoms are especially pronounced in the morning and a combination of allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis is possible. If the disease is not treated, a runny nose can lead to irritability, constant fatigue, mental disorders, and headaches.

The severity of symptoms in this case depends on the amount of pollen. It has been noticed that during the dry season, the signs of rhinitis significantly weaken.

Persistent or year-round allergic rhinitis

The disease is often called chronic allergic rhinitis and this type has many more irritants that cause a constant runny nose. The disease is considered more severe and requires the help of an allergist and appropriate treatment. It appears as a result of dust, hair or particles of animal epidermis, as well as due to exposure to household chemicals.

Medical specialists will highlight several factors that provoke the appearance of year-round atopic rhinitis:

• poor ecology where people live;
• dry air with a hot climate;
• unfavorable living conditions.

If allergic rhinitis is not properly treated, consequences such as:

• inflammation of the inside of the ear;
• inflammation of the paranasal sinuses;
• the appearance of pathological growths in the nose.

Occupational rhinitis

As a rule, this form of the disease often appears in adults than in children. Rhinitis occurs due to the patient’s specific profession, when there is constant contact with any type of dust. For example, in bakers and confectioners, allergies occur as a result of constant contact with flour, in seamstresses with particles of lint, in veterinarians with wool and feathers, etc.

Signs of occupational rhinitis accompany a person throughout the year and do not depend on the season. Symptoms may improve during weekends or vacations. The disease must be treated, since if left untreated, the disease can develop into bronchial asthma. Allergic rhinitis is also very dangerous because after some time the nasal mucosa becomes thinner. Various infections can subsequently easily penetrate through the bloodstream and a person will be forced to change profession.

Another type of allergic rhinitis, where swelling of the nasal mucosa is observed as a result of the abuse of any medications. The allergen may be local vasoconstrictor medications: sprays or nasal drops. For a few days, the drugs can constrict the blood vessels, reducing swelling and congestion, but after a couple of weeks, the patient becomes accustomed to the medicine and may experience the so-called “rebound symptom” - when it is not the narrowing of the blood vessels that occurs, but their dilation. The blood begins to stagnate and as a result, swelling occurs.

Drug-induced rhinitis occurs due to frequent use of medications.

In addition to vasoconstrictor drugs, allergic rhinitis can be triggered by medications prescribed to lower blood pressure, as well as anti-inflammatory drugs, hormonal and psychotropic drugs. A disease of this nature can rarely be found in children, as parents in most cases comply with the dosage prescribed to the child.

Allergic rhinitis is a pathology that can accompany a person throughout his life. If you know the causes of the disease and take the right preventive measures, you can prevent the appearance of symptoms. In addition, with proper diagnosis and effective treatment, serious complications can be avoided.

Symptoms of allergic rhinitis

If the symptoms of allergic rhinitis in adults do not affect a decrease in performance and do not in any way interfere with sleep at night, then we can talk about a mild degree of the disease. With moderate rhinitis, there is a moderate decrease in sleep and daytime activity. If quite pronounced symptoms are observed, then the person is no longer able to work or study normally and productively, engage in daytime leisure activities and sleep normally at night - a severe stage of rhinitis is diagnosed.

Attention!
As allergists say, at the first meeting of a person with an irritating factor, there may not be a pronounced allergic reaction, but with subsequent contacts with the allergen, it can become much more pronounced.

The main symptoms of allergic rhinitis in an adult:

• burning and itching in the nose;
• nasal congestion;
• watery discharge from the nasal cavity. Subsequently, mucous secretions become thicker;
• snoring and sniffling;
• deterioration of sense of smell;
• paroxysmal sneezing;
• periodic desire to scratch the tip of the nose;
• voice change;
• sore throat;
• high sensitivity to strong odors: household and construction chemicals, perfumes, tobacco smoke.

With long-term allergic rhinitis, additional symptoms may occur. This is due to constant copious secretion from the nose and impaired patency of the paranasal sinuses and auditory tubes.

Additional symptoms:

• hearing impairment;
• coughing;
• nose bleeding;
• ear pain;
• drowsiness.

In addition to local (local) symptoms, nonspecific symptoms of a general nature may also appear.
This:

• headache;
• impaired concentration;
• weakness and malaise;
• poor interrupted sleep.

If allergic rhinitis is not treated in a timely manner, this will lead to the development of other allergic diseases: conjunctivitis (arising from allergies), and then bronchial asthma. To prevent this, effective therapy should be started as quickly as possible and only after consultation with an allergist.

Everyone may experience an allergic reaction to any irritant differently. For example, in some patients the reaction occurs within 5-10 minutes after contact with the allergen. And for others, allergies may appear only after 10 hours or more. In addition, the time at which symptoms appear may depend on the causes of allergies and provoking factors.

Video about the treatment of rhinitis: methods

What are the causes of allergic rhinitis?

The cause of allergic rhinitis is that there is an inadequate reaction of the human immune system to the entry of external particles of any substance into the body. Increased sensitivity of the body to a substance may occur in one person, but not in other people.

The most common irritants include:

• pieces of skin or animal hair;
• plant pollen;
• waste products of microscopic mites that can live in house dust (a common symptom);
• hypersensitivity of the nasal mucosa to various food allergens;
• fungal spores.

Persistent allergic rhinitis, which lasts throughout the year, is caused by house dust mites, pets and molds.

Factors that provoke the appearance of allergic rhinitis

A person's susceptibility to an allergic reaction may be increased if he has chronic inflammatory diseases in the nose, throat or ear. If you are prone to long-term colds and frequent viral infections, there is also a high risk of developing rhinitis.

Environmental factors include:

• strong tobacco smoke;
• air pollution;
• high concentration of dust in the premises;
• constant presence of pets.

Diagnosis of allergic rhinitis

A doctor can diagnose allergic rhinitis based on medical history, detection of the allergen to which the body reacted, and complaints from the patient himself.

When carrying out diagnostic measures, it is very important to correctly identify exactly those irritating factors that led to the triggering of a negative reaction of the body. You can establish a probable range of cross allergens: these are similar products or substances. Allergic rhinitis can be treated only after a correct diagnosis has been established.

Diagnosis of allergic rhinitis in adults and children is carried out by an allergist or otolaryngologist. Each specialist must make sure that the symptoms that arise were not caused by any abnormal structures of the nasal cavity itself. During the examination, it is necessary to immediately exclude the presence of any bends, growths, thorns, or curvatures in the patient.

After this, the doctor must determine whether the patient has a possible infection that led to the disease. This data can be obtained from the symptoms that have arisen and are present in the patient. In addition, it is necessary to find out what type of disease a person has: seasonal, chronic, occupational or medicinal rhinitis and what allergen is involved in the disease.

To make a diagnosis of allergic rhinitis, the following is carried out:

1. Clinical blood tests for the level of mast and plasma cells, eosinophils, leukocytes, specific and total IgE antibodies.
2. Instrumental techniques: endoscopy, rhinoscopy, computed tomography, acoustic rhinometry, rhinomanometry.
3. Skin testing to determine the cause of the allergy. This helps determine the nature of allergic rhinitis.
4. Histological and cytological studies of secretions in the nasal cavity.

The most important thing in the treatment of allergic rhinitis is to identify the cause of the allergy and eliminate contact with the allergen.

Year-round allergic rhinitis: what to do?

A year-round runny nose, which is caused by some allergic reaction, appears throughout the year. This diagnosis is made by doctors if a runny nose worsens at least twice during the day and for nine months in a year.

In such situations, experts advise following some recommendations:

– completely stop smoking;

– clear the nose of mucus;
– regularly beat out pillows and blankets;
– carry out wet cleaning of residential premises every week;
- ventilate the bed;
– avoid, if possible, rinsing your nose on your own;
– do not use drops for runny nose;
– use bedding made of synthetic material;
– remove things that may be sources of house dust.

As a rule, the basis of this disease is an increased concentration of an allergen, which affects the human body for a very long time.

What complications can occur from allergic rhinitis?

If this pathology is not treated, then rhinitis begins to undergo certain stages of change and after some time spreads from the nose to the lower respiratory tract, and this leads to bronchial asthma. As a result, allergic pollen begins to cause shortness of breath.

Also, with hay fever, other complications may occur, these are:
- angina;
- cough;
– itching in the throat, ear, nasal mucosa;
– general apathetic state;
– problems with concentration;
– allergic reaction to the skin: swelling, redness;
– sleep disturbance;
– impairment of hearing, taste, smell.

Attention!
The main complication of allergic rhinitis is an attack of suffocation (asthma). Those people who suffer from some form of allergy have a higher risk of developing asthma than those who do not suffer from pollen allergies. According to statistics, about 80% of people with asthma have an increased sensitivity to an allergic reaction. But if treatment for allergic rhinitis is started in a timely manner, the risk of asthma can be reduced to a minimum.

Treatment of allergic rhinitis

To cure allergic rhinitis, you need to identify the allergen and make an accurate diagnosis, as well as determine a list of substances that could potentially be allergens for the patient.
Subsequently, effective treatment is carried out, which is aimed at solving certain problems:

1. Relieve swelling and inflammation of the nasal mucosa.
2. Eliminate reactions to allergens. As a rule, allergen-specific therapy is carried out.
3. Organize a hypoallergenic lifestyle and minimize contact with irritants.
4. Implement patient education programs.

Drug treatment

Therapy for allergic rhinitis necessarily involves the use of medication, which is selected by a doctor. Only a doctor can know how to get rid of the disease as effectively as possible in a specific case for each patient.

It is worth recognizing that it is almost impossible to completely cure allergic rhinitis, since in modern life a person can no longer be protected from all existing allergens. But using various medications for this disease, the symptoms that arise can be eliminated.

Today, allergists use the following groups of medications to treat rhinitis of allergic origin:

– antihistamines;
– anti-inflammatory drugs;
– immunomodulators;
– vasoconstrictor.

Based on the location of impact, they can be divided into:

– local: ointments, sprays, drops;
– systemic: solutions for injections, tablets, etc.

Some drugs can be used for quite a long time, while others can only be used in a certain course, about 5-10 days. The selection of a drug against allergic rhinitis and the duration of the course will depend on the form of the person’s disease, individual tolerance and characteristics of the body. Remember, if you ignore the disease and use only folk remedies for treatment (they only relieve symptoms), this will lead to serious complications, for example bronchial asthma.

Antihistamines for rhinitis

The drug “Cetrin”

Almost always, to treat allergic rhinitis in adults or children, you need to use antihistamines orally. It is recommended to use second and third generation medications. The second generation includes: “Zodak”, “Cetrin”, “Claritin”. The third generation of drugs is Zyrtec, Erius, Telfast.

People who suffer from allergic rhinitis are advised to take Loratadine or Cetrin orally, 1 tablet per day. The drugs "Cetrin", "Zodak" and "Parlazin" can be given to children in syrup from 2 years old, not earlier. The most powerful antihistamine is Erius, the active ingredient is Deslortadine, which is strictly contraindicated in pregnant women. Deslortadine in syrup can be given to children over 1 year of age.

Attention!
The duration of treatment should be determined by specialists, but is rarely less than 14 days. These tablets have virtually no hypnotic effect and can effectively relieve the symptoms of allergic rhinitis within 15-20 minutes. In addition, the drugs have a prolonged effect.

Glucocorticosteroid drugs against allergies

Such medications simultaneously have anti-inflammatory and antihistamine effects and can be used at any stage of treatment. In a fairly short time they are able to stop the manifestation of pathology. For example, nasal drops based on glucocorticosteroids for rhinitis can be prescribed to patients who have moderate severity of the disease and can be used for a long time.

If a severe stage of rhinitis is observed or bronchial asthma is diagnosed, then the doctor selects those medications that have a high content of hormones. Such drugs give the maximum effect after about 7-10 days of use. That is why, if there is no effect, you need to continue treatment. Such drugs are sold in pharmacies in the form of a spray for allergic rhinitis. The advantage of such drugs is that they have a local effect and are not able to penetrate the patient’s blood.

Vasoconstrictor drugs

Vasoconstrictor (vasoconstrictor) medications are used to eliminate unpleasant symptoms of the disease. They are able to cause spasm in the vessels and due to this they fill less with blood and, therefore, swell less. In a short time, breathing improves and nasal congestion is removed.

If this is seasonal rhinitis, then such medications should be prescribed in courses of about 10 days. In most cases, the doctor prescribes the medications before using other medications in order to first relieve swelling so that other medications can easily penetrate the nasal cavity (for example, drops).

At the moment, pharmacies have vasoconstrictor sprays and nasal drops. To prevent the nasal mucosa from drying out, it is advisable to irrigate with slightly salted water or use medications that contain sea salt.

Anti-inflammatory medications for allergies

Such medications for allergic rhinitis can have a membrane-stabilizing effect. In this case, the release of mucosal mediators stops. These drugs have a high cumulative effect and are often used for chronic disease or about 2 weeks before a possible seasonal exacerbation. Anti-inflammatory drugs are available both in drops and tablets. For example, Ketotifen.

Immunomodulators

You can use homeopathic medicines or dietary supplements for allergic rhinitis. This type of medication is usually prescribed in a course and is used for more than 14 days. You should not use such drugs if the patient has a reaction due to a plant allergen.

Immunomodulators have almost the same effectiveness. However, in order to achieve the desired effect, the remedy must be selected exclusively by a specialist and in this case it is not worth treating rhinitis yourself.

Immunotherapy

At the moment, the treatment of allergic rhinitis using immunotherapy methods is one of the most common. The method involves injecting the patient with a small dose of the allergen directly into the body. After some time, the dose is slightly increased. Thanks to this, the immune system is trained and the body will be more susceptible to the allergen.

Now there are new generation medications that are designed for a course of 12-42 sessions performed in one season.

Hormonal drugs against allergies

Hormonal medications can have a positive effect in a fairly short time. They are used locally and do not pose a threat to the patient’s health. New generation drugs have low bioavailability. Hormones are not able to penetrate the nasal mucosa. This therapy is aimed at reducing swelling and reducing the body's sensitivity to irritants.

Drops and sprays for the treatment of allergic rhinitis

When treating atopic rhinitis, an allergist can prescribe all kinds of drops and sprays. These drugs are used only during exacerbation of the disease. As a rule, inhaled drugs can only have a preventive effect rather than a therapeutic one. The duration of this course is at least 7-10 days.

Experts recommend using drops and sprays to treat pediatric patients. If an adult gets sick, they are used mainly for mild exacerbations. Sprays and drops are excellent for treating chronic rhinitis. With proper dosing and use, nasal swelling can be reduced, since a film is formed in the nasal cavity, which will protect the mucous membrane from the penetration of the allergen.

Drops and sprays for the treatment of allergic rhinitis

– Phonophoresis. Before conducting a treatment session, the doctor lubricates the sensor with hydrocortisone. After this, move it with smooth movements along the mucous membrane in the nasal cavity. Hydrocortisone is necessary in order to conduct ultrasound through it into deeper layers. The advantage of this type of physiotherapy is that it has virtually no indications.

– Laser therapy for allergic rhinitis. To treat rhinitis with a laser, an allergist uses special tubes that are placed in the nose during the session. Laser radiation begins to affect the nasal mucosa, strengthening it, and the swelling goes away.

Acupressure

Acupressure massage for allergic rhinitis is one of the effective methods of treating pathology. When the first signs and symptoms of the disease appear, the sensitivity of the reflexogenic zones greatly increases. If you press on them, the patient may feel slight discomfort. You can perform acupressure massage at home, but to do this you first need to visit a professional massage therapist. He will explain the correct massage technique and how to properly conduct a treatment session. Massage can be done in the morning and evening before bed.

Performing surgery to treat rhinitis

Surgery for allergic rhinitis cannot cure the disease, but the surgeon can correct some nasal defects that may be an obstacle to effective therapy. Surgery may be required as a last resort when drug therapy has failed to produce adequate results.

Treatment of allergic rhinitis with folk remedies

Allergic rhinitis can be treated with folk remedies only when the disease is mild and has not reached the chronic stage. Remember that many plants can be quite strong allergens.

Attention!
To determine how a particular plant affects the body, you need to use it in a minimal amount for several days.

Basic popular recipes from traditional medicine:

- Elecampane decoction. In 200 ml. pour 2 teaspoons of crushed dry elecampane roots with water. Boil the broth for about 10 minutes. Then strain and take half a glass twice a day. The course lasts 2 weeks;
– A mixture of lemon and horseradish. Grind the ingredients and then mix in equal parts. You can additionally add a little honey. Take the prepared mixture 1 teaspoon twice a day, about 30 minutes before meals;
– Decoction of raspberry roots. Pour about 100 grams of dry raspberries into 1 liter of water. Boil for 30 minutes, then cool and strain. Take a quarter glass of the decoction three times a day before meals. The course of treatment is at least 2 weeks; 2. Constantly do wet cleaning in the rooms and beat out carpets with pillows, soft toys, etc.

Today, allergic reactions, including seasonal and year-round rhinitis, are one of the most common pathologies in society. From 10 to 30% of adults suffer from a runny nose, year-round or seasonal; among children this figure reaches 42%. Quite often, without proper treatment and prevention, such a condition threatens to develop into more severe and complex forms of the disease, such as bronchial asthma and asthmatic bronchitis. The disease negatively affects the quality of life of adults and children, reducing the effectiveness of professional activities and studies.

Many people do not consult a doctor for a long time, mistaking the symptoms of allergic rhinitis for a cold, which is why the condition can be complicated by secondary lesions of the sinuses, tonsils, and middle ear, but without proper treatment there is no improvement. Therefore, the patient needs to understand what kind of pathology it is, distinguish between symptoms similar to ARVI and manifestations of other diseases, and know how diagnosis and treatment are carried out.

Allergic rhinitis: what is it?

A runny nose is an inflammatory process of the nasal mucosa, leading to swelling, irritation, and itching. When the disease occurs, mucous discharge is formed, and the microbial component makes it thick and purulent. Unlike infectious, which is caused by viral, microbial, and less often fungal pathogens, this is an inflammatory process caused by exposure to irritants on the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity.

According to the form they are distinguished:

• year-round - manifests itself constantly or periodically, at any time of the year upon contact with a hazardous substance;
• seasonal, or hay fever, is characterized as excessive sensitivity to pollen of plants, flowers, and weeds; manifestations occur only during periods of flowering or pollination of a causally significant plant.

For hay fever, seasonality is typical with several periods (mid-spring, then late spring - early summer, late summer - early autumn), depending on the region and specific weather conditions, with fluctuations of a couple of weeks.

In addition to pollen, which is considered one of the most well-known irritants, reactions can occur to household dust, chemical products (household chemicals, paints, varnishes, cosmetics, perfumes); food components; for medications and wool, for pet dander, micro mites, poultry down and feathers.

Mechanisms of disease

To more accurately understand what this disease means, it is necessary to know the mechanisms of development of the pathology. The basis of any allergic reaction is an excessive and incorrect reaction of the immune system to allergens (substances that contribute to the development of such a reaction). There are also haptens - substances that turn into allergens only when combined with body proteins.

If there is a predisposition to pathology, these substances, when they enter the body and mucous membranes, form an excessively violent and pronounced reaction. The condition is accompanied by damage to one's own cells and tissues, acute inflammation with the formation of pathological reactions, namely swelling, itching, mucus secretion, difficulty in normal breathing and many associated manifestations.

is a violation of the local immune response in the nasal mucosa. In response to antigen penetration, reagins (class E immunoglobulins) are synthesized, and mast cells are also activated, releasing mediators - histamine, bradykinin and leukotrienes, which are responsible for the development of rapid and acute, pronounced inflammatory reactions.

Often, such response characteristics are inherited from parents or arise from long-term pathological effects on the immune system: frequent contact with hazardous substances, work in hazardous industries, constant colds, foci of chronic infection - in a word, all influences that lead to prolonged overstrain of the immune system.

Causes of the disease: development of seasonal or year-round runny nose

Hay fever occurs at the flowering stage and is formed as a reaction to pollen from wind-pollinated plants. The most common weeds are wormwood, quinoa and other herbs, pollen of trees and flowers, cereals, bush plants, both ornamental and cultivated.

For a year-round person, typical household irritants are:

• mold fungi;
• tobacco smoke;
• dust mites;
• particles of insects living in apartments;
• dandruff;
• saliva particles
• animal hair, bird down and feathers;
• chemicals used in everyday life.

Occupational hazards such as industrial or construction dust, soot, and volatile chemical compounds can become dangerous.

In addition to contact with the nasal mucosa, the following factors also influence the frequency, severity and extent of reactions:

• general condition of the body;
• presence of chronic diseases;
• living conditions;
• taking medications, including those used topically in the treatment of colds;
• adenoid vegetations;
• polyps;
• deviated nasal septum;
• bad habits;
• hormonal fluctuations and stress.

According to statistics, about 20% of cases are of seasonal origin, and about 40% of people suffer from a progressive, long-term illness. The rest of the patients suffer from episodic exacerbations of this pathology, sometimes with an unknown cause.

The main symptoms of allergic rhinitis

External signs are pronounced and cause the patient a lot of discomfort. These include severe nasal congestion with the inability to breathe normally, sneezing due to itching and burning in the nose, and the release of copious clear mucus. In some cases, such manifestations are combined with redness of the eyes, lacrimation and cough, sore throat, especially with seasonal hay fever.

Symptoms often worsen when going outside, but at home, with closed windows and using an air conditioner with a HEPA filter, they are alleviated or go away completely. In rare cases, severe symptoms are present, with severe malaise, headaches and even low fever.

Allergic rhinitis: additional symptoms in adults

Against the background of the main symptoms, a few hours or days after the onset of the clinical picture, symptoms of coughing may occur, especially in a supine position due to irritation of the back wall of the pharynx with nasal mucus. There may be a feeling of stuffiness in the ears, a feeling of fatigue, and irritability.

Due to the constant use of scarves or napkins, symptoms in adults such as redness, peeling of the wings of the nose and nasolabial folds are possible. In severe cases, headaches are possible, and due to severe dryness of the mucous membranes, nosebleeds are possible. Due to tissue hypoxia, dark circles and swelling in the area around the eyes form.

After a full diagnosis of the disease, taking into account the symptoms, its treatment should only be carried out by an allergist-immunologist or an ENT doctor. The medical specialist will select the necessary medications and inform the patient about non-drug methods of alleviating the condition.

How to treat allergic rhinitis in adults

To know exactly how to cure pathology in adults quickly and safely, you need to consult a doctor to make a diagnosis, rule out the infectious nature of the runny nose and prevent possible complications.

Initially, if an allergy is identified, the doctor will tell you how to cure the pathology, using the whole range of measures. You need to start not with “heavy” medications, but with separation from the irritant; this is the most effective and safest method of therapy. In case of seasonal irritation during flowering or dangerous season, it is recommended to change the region by going on vacation or visiting. If this is not possible, you need to create the most comfortable environment in the house:

• use air conditioners and air purifiers with HEPA filters;
• An option to reduce the concentration of pathogens in the air is a fine mesh fabric on the windows, which should be frequently moistened during periods of plant dusting, which retains some of the irritants;
• remove all dust containers that can accumulate pathogens - thick curtains, upholstered furniture (or cover it with special covers), soft toys, books;
• in windy weather, use a mask and goggles to protect your eyes and respiratory organs;
• walk after rain and in high humidity, when returning home, take a shower and immediately change clothes.

How to treat year-round runny nose

The more difficult question is how to treat a disease that has a year-round course. In this case, what is important, first of all, is everyday life and the elimination of irritating factors, and if the pathogen is precisely known, identified by the results of skin tests or blood tests, a targeted fight against the causally significant factor. For example, if it is dust mites, surfaces in the house must be periodically treated with acaricidal sprays or solutions, and general cleaning must be carried out frequently. But the problem of how to cure allergic rhinitis cannot always be solved by non-drug methods, or if separation from the irritant is impossible due to circumstances. Then the use of medications is necessary.

Remedies for the disease

It is important to understand that any remedy for allergic rhinitis, even if it is a local drug or an over-the-counter remedy freely sold in pharmacies, must be prescribed by a doctor. The participation of a doctor in the treatment process is necessary for its effectiveness and safety.

The following medications are commonly used:

• antihistamines orally or in the form of local nasal preparations (sprays, drops);
• drugs with anti-inflammatory effects from other groups of drugs - mast cell membrane stabilizers, topically in the form of drops and sprays;
• preparations for irrigating the mucous membrane and mechanically washing away bacteria, reducing swelling and itching (sprays and nasal douches based on saline solutions of sea water);
• protective nasal sprays that create a thin film on the surface of the nasal mucosa and mechanically prevent contact;
• corticosteroid anti-inflammatory drugs of local action, and in severe situations - orally and by injection;
• symptomatic drugs (vasoconstrictors, facilitating nasal breathing) in a limited course.

The doctor will decide on medications to treat allergic rhinitis based on the results of the examination and the severity of the manifestations - seasonal or year-round.

How to treat allergic rhinitis in children

For pathologies in children, strict selection of medications and medical supervision at all stages of treatment and prevention are very important.

The following tools are widely used:

• preparations for rinsing the nasal cavity based on saline and sea water;
• indifferent protective sprays that create a mechanical barrier on the nasal mucosa;
• 2nd and 3rd generation antihistamines - they are the safest;
• drugs based on glucocorticosteroids (hormones) and vasoconstrictors are used in the acute phase of the disease, in strictly limited courses.

A specific list of remedies and drugs to treat allergic rhinitis in children, depending on the severity of manifestations and age, is determined only by a pediatric allergist-immunologist after an accurate diagnosis.

Physiotherapy using a traveling magnetic field makes it possible to treat many diseases, because this particular physiotherapy method has a minimum of contraindications. Physiotherapy promotes better absorption of medications, reducing the drug load on the body. The magnetic field, due to its ability to increase blood flow, makes it possible to quickly relieve inflammation, reduce pain and speed up recovery.

It is important to know how to cure rhinitis, or at least avoid complications for a long time through specific immunotherapy (ASIT).

Today this is the most effective method that is applicable outside the period of exacerbation. With the help of ASIT, the body's resistance is formed through a course of administration of subthreshold doses, which leads to the development of tolerance (immunity). Complete completion of the course followed by full prevention helps to get rid of the pathology for an extremely long period - up to 5-7 years or more.

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