A factory-made telescope is quite expensive, so it is advisable to buy it if you are seriously interested in astronomy. And amateurs can try to assemble a telescope with their own hands.

As you know, there are two types of telescopes:

• Reflex. In these devices, the role of light-collecting elements is performed by mirrors.
• Refractory– equipped with an optical lens system.

DIY refracting telescope

The design of a refracting telescope is quite simple. At one end of the device there is a lens - a lens that collects and focuses light rays. At the other end there is an eyepiece - a lens that allows you to view the image that comes from the lens. The lens is placed in a main tube called the tube, and the eyepiece is placed in a smaller tube called the eyepiece assembly.

An ordinary telescope made from a magnifying glass

1. Making the main pipe. Take a sheet of thick paper and roll it into a tube using a flat stick or a suitable pipe with a diameter of 5 cm. The paper inside should be painted black and not shiny. We make the pipe 1.9 meters long.
2. Making an eyepiece tube. It should be put on the end of the main one. We roll it up from a sheet of paper 25 cm long and glue it. The inner diameter of the eyepiece tube must match the outer diameter of the main tube so that it moves effortlessly along it.
3. Working with lenses. We make two lids from thick paper. We will place the first one where the lens will be, and we will attach the second one to the end of the eyepiece tube. In the middle of each cap we will make a hole with a diameter slightly smaller than the diameter of the lenses. We install the lenses with their convex side outward.

To take interesting photographs of the starry sky, you can attach a webcam to a telescope.

Telescope from binoculars

From ordinary eight-power binoculars you can build a telescope that provides magnification of over 100 times. Pipes can be glued together from whatman paper. Lenses are suitable from old filmoscopes or similar in magnification. We use the calculation of a simple telescope, and select the length of the device and the distance between the eyepiece lenses experimentally.

There is no need to disassemble the binoculars - the tubes are put directly on it. For ease of use, you can make a tripod. Such a telescope from binoculars allows you to see mountains and craters on the surface of the Moon, satellites of Jupiter, etc.

Conclusions

Make homemade telescope at home is not particularly difficult. Even a high school student can do this kind of work. For a child, a device with a magnification of 30–100 times will be sufficient.

However, there are home craftsmen who can independently assemble three hundredfold quality telescope. Such skills come with experience and can be useful to those who are seriously interested in astronomy.

This article is dedicated to people who are passionate about astronomy. Many people completely unfairly consider a telescope to be an overly complex device. There is nothing complicated in its operation, believe me! You will learn how to assemble a telescope in just a few hours. The magnification range from a homemade device is 30-100 times. So, how to make a telescope with your own hands at home?

You will need:

• Whatman paper.
• Paint (it can be replaced with ink).
• Glue.
• Two optical lenses

How to assemble a telescope at home - the procedure for making the lens:

• Roll a sheet of whatman paper into a 65-centimeter pipe. In this case, the diameter of the pipe is slightly larger than the diameter magnifying glass.

Important! If you use glasses from glasses to make an astronomical apparatus, the diameter of the rolled sheet will be no more than 60 mm.

• Paint over inner part sheet in black.
• Secure the paper with glue.
• Using jagged cardboard, secure a magnifying glass to the inside of the paper tube.

Making an eyepiece

The eyepiece of an astronomical instrument can perfectly serve as binocular glass. To assemble a telescope with your own hands:

• Make sure that the lens is firmly seated inside the tube.
• Now, using the jagged cardboard, connect the smaller tube to the larger diameter tube.

Important! Monitoring device celestial bodies, basically, ready. However, it has one drawback: the image of objects turns out upside down.

• To correct the situation, add another 4 cm lens to the eyepiece tube. Iridescence, or diffraction, can be eliminated by setting the aperture at the focal point. The image loses a little in brightness, but the “rainbow” will disappear.

Naturally, the question arises of how to assemble a telescope with 100x magnification. This is a more serious device, in which the moon is literally visible in full view. You can use this device to view Mars and Venus, which will appear like small peas.

You can achieve 100x magnification using lenses that are 0.5 diopters larger than 30x magnification. The length of the pipe is 2.0 m.

Important! To prevent the two-meter pipe from bending under the weight of magnifying glasses, special wooden supports are used.

Video material

As you can see, there is nothing complicated in the design of the device, which every self-respecting astronomer has. Therefore, you will definitely cope with the task and will be able to assemble such a system yourself.

Sometimes you really want to watch the night sky, take a closer look at the stars or look at a flying comet, but there is no opportunity to do this. Because telescopes are quite expensive. But we only want to look at the stars sometimes. There is a way out of this situation; you can assemble a telescope with your own hands.

The cost of assembling a simple refractor telescope of the Galileo system was only 5 dollars.

To do this you need:
- magnifying glass with a diameter of 100mm;
- a lens with a diameter of 25-50mm, minus 18 diopters, we will use it as an eyepiece;
- plastic pipe with a diameter of 100 mm;
- plastic adapter;
- a small piece of automobile rubber pipe;
- two sealing rings of different widths made of 100mm plastic pipe;
- scotch;
- screwdriver;
- stationery knife;
- hammer;
- scotch.

So that's it necessary tools and the material is prepared, you can proceed directly to assembling the telescope.

Two fasteners for open-laying plastic pipes are put on a piece of plastic pipe.

The excess part is cut off from the magnifying glass, i.e. handle, it will only get in the way, the cut area is carefully sanded. Next, the magnifying glass in a plastic rim is wrapped with a narrow sealing gasket, which is made from the same sewer plastic pipe with a diameter of 100 mm. Because The glass is slightly larger than the diameter of the gasket; a cut is made in it.

Then the magnifying glass, together with the sealing gasket, is carefully inserted into the plastic pipe onto which we put fasteners for open gasket plastic pipes, so that it does not stick out. After this, one of the fasteners is raised to the level of the magnifying glass and tightened on both sides with a screwdriver, so we fix the magnifying glass at the end of the pipe.

Then we need to attach a plastic adapter, which can be bought at any hardware store. We insert the remaining sealing gasket inside the wide hole on the adapter; a structure made of a pipe and a magnifying glass is inserted inside the gasket. Using a hammer, the gasket is lowered as deep as possible into the adapter.

We attach the eyepiece lens to a piece of automobile rubber pipe using tape around the entire circumference.

We insert this structure into narrow part plastic adapter, and is also secured with tape.

So you decide to do telescope and get down to business. First of all, you will learn that the simplest telescope consists of two biconvex lenses - the objective and the eyepiece, and that the magnification of the telescope is obtained by the formula K = F / f (the ratio of the focal lengths of the lens (F) and the eyepiece (f)).

Armed with this knowledge, you go digging through boxes of various junk, in the attic, garage, barn, etc. with a clearly defined goal - to find more different lenses. These can be glasses from glasses (preferably round ones), watch magnifiers, lenses from old cameras, etc. Having collected a supply of lenses, start measuring. You need to choose a lens with a larger focal length F and an eyepiece with a smaller focal length f.

Measuring focal length is very simple. The lens is directed at some light source (a light bulb in the room, a lantern on the street, the sun in the sky or just a lit window), a white screen is placed behind the lens (a sheet of paper is possible, but cardboard is better) and moves relative to the lens until It will not produce a sharp image of the observed light source (inverted and reduced). After this, all that remains is to measure the distance from the lens to the screen with a ruler. This is the focal length. You are unlikely to cope with the described measurement procedure alone - you will need a third hand. You'll have to call an assistant for help.

Once you have selected your lens and eyepiece, you begin constructing the optical system to magnify the image. Take the lens in one hand, the eyepiece in the other, and look at something through both lenses. removed item(just not the sun - you can easily be left without an eye!). By mutually moving the lens and eyepiece (trying to keep their axes on the same line), you achieve a clear image.

The resulting image will be enlarged, but still upside down. What you are now holding in your hands, trying to maintain the achieved relative position of the lenses, is the desired optical system. All that remains is to fix this system, for example, by placing it inside a pipe. This will be the spyglass.

But don't rush into assembly. Having made a telescope, you will not be satisfied with the image “upside down”. This problem is solved simply by a wrapping system obtained by adding one or two lenses identical to the eyepiece.

You can obtain a wraparound system with one coaxial additional lens by placing it at a distance of approximately 2f from the eyepiece (the distance is determined by selection).

It is interesting to note that with this version of the reversing system, it is possible to obtain greater magnification by smoothly moving the additional lens away from the eyepiece. However, you won’t be able to get a strong magnification if you don’t have a very high-quality lens (for example, glass from glasses). The larger the lens diameter, the greater the magnification obtained.

This problem is solved in “purchased” optics by composing a lens from several lenses with different refractive indices. But you don’t care about these details: your task is to understand schematic diagram device and build the simplest working model according to this scheme (without spending a penny).

You can obtain a wrapping system with two coaxial additional lenses by positioning them so that the eyepiece and these two lenses are spaced from each other at equal distances f.

Now you have an idea of ​​the telescope design and know the focal lengths of the lenses, so proceed to assembly optical device.
Well suited for assembling PVC pipes of various diameters. Scraps can be collected at any plumbing workshop. If the lenses do not fit the diameter of the tube (smaller), the size can be adjusted by cutting rings from a tube close to the size of the lens. The ring is cut in one place and put on the lens, secured tightly with electrical tape and wrapped. The tubes themselves are adjusted in the same way if the lens is larger than the diameter of the tube. Using this method of assembly you will get a telescopic telescope. It is convenient to adjust the magnification and sharpness by moving the sleeves of the device. Achieve greater magnification and image quality by moving the wrapping system and focusing by moving the eyepiece.

The process of making, assembling and customizing is very exciting.

Below is my telescope with 80x magnification - almost like a telescope.

Let's find out the focal length we need. To do this, let's shine light on the lens by placing a piece of paper behind it. Now slowly move the sheet away until the light source is displayed on it. We measure the distance between the leaf and the lens. In this way, from all the lenses found in the house, you must choose the one with the largest distance and the one with the smallest. The first will be the lens, and the last will be the eyepiece.

Step 2

We take the eyepiece with our right hand, our lens with our left hand and carefully examine some object through them, bringing them closer and apart until the object becomes clear. We measure the resulting length.

Step 3

Step 4

Now let's assemble these lenses into a telescope. Take two sheets of thicker paper and paint one side black. Fold it so that the black one is on the inside. We insert the lens into the first tube, and our eyepiece and wrapping lens into the other. We attach them to the paper with plasticine or superglue. We push the pipes into one another so that they fit quite firmly. If necessary, you can secure it with tape.