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Hall interior design (project 2017).
The room where any guest first enters is the face of the house. Its furnishings and design set the tone for the impression that your home and, therefore, you make on strangers. Therefore, it is so important to approach its design responsibly and carefully.
This can be a difficult task, because now apartments often have a very small entrance area. It is quite difficult to place all the necessary furniture in this format, and in such a way that it looks good. One of the possible solutions could be the interior of the hallway in a classic style.
What is “classic” in the modern sense?
The direction that is now called by this term represents the following of Greek traditions, diluted with later palace styles. Classicism, Baroque, Empire - all this, in any combination, and even adapted to modern times, is a classic.
What does it look like?
Firstly, the interior in a classical style obeys the laws of symmetry. Each of its parts individually and all together is in complete balance and harmony.
Secondly, bright color accents or large prints would be inappropriate here. Only restraint raised to absolute.
Thirdly, we should not forget about using the right materials. Wood, stone, plaster or finishing that imitates them are best suited in this case. Glossy and reflective surfaces fit well into a classic interior.
And finally, the design of this style involves the use of architectural details such as cornices, stucco molding, even pilasters.
However, what looked good in palaces is not always appropriate in the format of an ordinary apartment. Other scales dictate their own conditions. In no case should there be too many details.
Compositional principles of a hallway in a classic style
If the entrance area has the correct geometric shape, representing a square or rectangle in plan, then it is not so difficult to make it symmetrical. However, many hallways differ from this standard. There are long elongated spaces with asymmetrical niches and projections.
You can also work with such premises. There are different techniques for this. To begin with, you can place built-in wardrobes in niches - an excellent option for hallway furniture in a classic style. This way you can at least partially align the geometry of the room.
Then, you can visually make the space more holistic and correct by highlighting its center. For example, installing a two-level ceiling, the inside of which will be rectangular, square or perhaps even oval. A beautiful pendant lamp strictly in the middle will emphasize the composition.
In addition, you can focus not on the appearance of the room as a whole, but on the symmetry of its individual parts. If each wall and niche itself corresponds to strict classical canons, the overall impression is also likely to be convincing.
Color trends: what a classic hallway should be
The palette of this style can hardly be called poor. There are so many shades in it! This includes gold and dark variations of green, blue, red, and gray. However, in the reality around us, it is best to give preference to a hallway in light colors.
The reason is very simple - a bright room seems more spacious than a dark one. And I want to make the compact entrance areas typical of mass construction spacious, at least visually. That’s why people often choose light or even completely white hallways.
However, this does not mean that the result should be boring or monotonous! Classic implies a variety of textures and textures, making any room rich and interesting.
Choosing natural materials
The palaces of the past, the appearance of which the classics imitate, shone with polished parquet, marble and plaster stucco. Of course, it is not necessary to use all this in an ordinary apartment.
However, you can and should opt for, for example, laminate or linoleum, which imitate a parquet pattern, porcelain tiles, which reproduce the surface of natural marble, quartzite, travertine, and so on. Modern finishing materials generally allow a lot.
Architectural details
Perhaps the most recognizable feature of the classics is the use of characteristic architectural details. Based on their presence, one can unmistakably conclude that the hallway in the photo belongs to the classical style.
Cornices are usually located on top, along the perimeter of the ceiling. Or frame wall lamps and mirrors. Sometimes they form a simple geometric composition on the wall, emphasizing its symmetry.
Such cornices are often moldings, which can be selected from one of the special catalogs. Some people even cut cornices of simple outlines from plasterboard themselves, but this requires certain skills and patience.
Pilasters fix the corners of the room, frame the doorway or niches. However, you should think several times before introducing this element into the hallway space. It can decorate a spacious hall, but in a compact entrance area it can look ridiculous.
Choosing suitable furniture
A significant component of the design of a hallway in a classic style, which was only briefly mentioned above, is furniture. She must match her surroundings. Have clear geometric lines, an elegant symmetrical silhouette, appropriate decor and fittings.
Whether you choose banquettes, a coffee table or a framed mirror for the hallway, you must follow the style exactly. At the same time, different pieces of furniture must not argue with each other.
If one cabinet has gold-plated handles, the nightstand may not have copper handles. It is best to buy all the accessories at once.
The wardrobe in the hallway in a classic style deserves special mention. It can be a free-standing chest of drawers with its own history.
However, there is a cheaper, more convenient and functional solution. We are talking about built-in modular wardrobes. You can easily place everything you need in them. And at the same time remain within the framework of your chosen style.
Photos of hallways in a classic style
In a limited space, a small fireplace is the optimal solution for creating a cozy atmosphere in all respects. It can be erected in private housing construction, in a country house, in an office or in an apartment on the 17th floor. The only difficulty is the need to fit the structure into the existing architectural ensemble. In addition, it is worth considering the fire safety aspect, because each room has its own nuances.
First you need to decide on the functional component. Simply put, what kind of small fireplace is needed. The simplest and most inexpensive option is electric. It requires little space and only a few hours to install.
Depending on the design features, the fireplace can be with or without a heating function. Regardless of this, the visual simulation of fire is performed quite reliably.
Drywall is used as the basis for the false fireplace. Before you process it with your own hands, you need to make a sketch.
It takes into account the following parameters:
- Volume of the room - the larger it is, the more actively the fireplace should generate heat;
- The materials from which the surrounding objects are made - it is not advisable to place even an electric fireplace near them;
- The prevailing style in the room - the fireplace should match it;
- Availability of necessary communications.
A small electric fireplace is an opportunity to equip a cozy corner in an apartment or private house without additional costs. It is recommended to install such a product during the repair stage. In this case, it is easier to connect communications, because not always all aspects can be foreseen at the design stage. In addition, it is necessary to calculate the required volume of generated heat.
We build a small fireplace with our own hands from brick
A more efficient use of free space and generated heat is the brick counterpart of the electric fireplace. As in the first case, it is necessary to take into account the area of the room, the existing need for heat, the minimum required air circulation, and so on. The specified information can be found in the technical passport of the house.
After this, a sketch is formed, the purpose of which is to take into account the existing layout. Simply put, a sketch helps you think through in advance what will be located where.
To a certain extent, the use of computer tools will simplify the task. Thanks to this, you can see everything in 3D in advance.
The further procedure is as follows:
- Drawing up a detailed drawing - it calculates the location of each brick and all associated communications;
- You need to check several times that all the dimensions in the drawing are indicated with maximum accuracy, otherwise it will not be possible to build a brick fireplace in a country house or at home;
- No less attention is paid to the size of the firebox - it corresponds to the parameters of the hearth;
- Once all the drawings are ready and checked, you can safely go to the construction supply store;
- Before you buy something, you should make sure that it has heat-resistant markings;
- Make sure there is a sufficient number of wooden blocks, the dimensions of which can be 4x4 or 5x5;
- If you plan to install a mini fireplace with the possibility of high heat production, then in this case, instead of wooden blocks, you need to use a metal profile.
To build a small stone fireplace, you need to make a sketch and draw up a drawing based on it. Materials are selected taking into account the maximum possible temperature during the combustion process. In order to reduce installation costs, it is recommended to carry out installation at the renovation stage indoors.
Tips: how to build a small fireplace for a summer house with your own hands
Before you start construction, you need to think about the last nuance - how long you plan to use the country fireplace or its brother in the apartment.
If we are talking about a country house where the owner lives for several months during the summer, then in this case it is better to put together a simple option. Firewood is used as fuel.
The advantages of this option are obvious - no need for frequent maintenance.
If you want to get your own fireplace for the long term, you need to do the following:
- Select the point where the oven will be located;
- The minimum distance between the back wall of the furnace and the building is 15 cm;
- The volume of the firebox directly depends on the desired amount of heat;
- Even the most powerful fireplace will not be able to heat a room if it is not equipped with its own internal cast-iron partitions.
The duration of use of the fireplace is a key indicator that allows you to determine the minimum required fireplace power. The longer a person uses the device, the more powerful the stove and firebox should be chosen.
Rules for operating a small fireplace
Electric and wood fireplaces require regular maintenance. It is produced with the frequency recommended by the manufacturer, however, there are some nuances here. We are talking about those cases when, for example, soot and fumes form faster.
Unscheduled repairs or maintenance may be caused by several interrelated factors:
- Use of low-quality firewood;
- Using too wet coal with low efficiency;
- Poorly adjusted damper;
- Foreign objects entering through the chimney.
Types of small fireplaces (video)
Installation of a small fireplace is carried out on the basis of a sketch and drawing. In both cases, all dimensions are checked, because even a slight error will lead to problems. Heat-resistant materials and furnace power play an important role. The latter is selected taking into account the expected duration of use of the fireplace for one year.
DIY brick fireplaceDespite the existence of modern, highly efficient heating systems, fireplaces are still considered classics of the genre, standing at the origins of all modern heating equipment. But the point is not at all in their high efficiency, but rather in the decorative features that add a unique ambiance to the interior of the heated room.
In what cases is a fireplace better than a stove?
The fireplace was the first heating device in the history of human civilization. That is why its design repeats the features of a regular fire: the presence of an open flame, heating of the space only within the line of sight, rather low efficiency.
In the process of evolution, the fireplace gradually turned into a closed stove - a device that is undoubtedly much more complex and effective for heating a room. However, in our time, fireplaces play not only a decorative role, but are also used for heating. And this is due precisely to the peculiarity of their work:
- unlike a stove, the fireplace begins to give off heat almost immediately after the appearance of a stable flame;
- cleaning and maintaining a fireplace is much easier than a stove;
- the construction of a fireplace is not so critical to mason errors and therefore can be done without the involvement of professional stove builders;
- There are modern industrial metal fireplaces, the efficiency and safety of which are comparable to the parameters of stoves.
Positive features of the fireplace
The weight of a simple fireplace is much less than a stone stove, and given the low heating temperature in the fireplace, ordinary good quality ceramic bricks may be suitable for its construction.
As a result, the cost of bricks, materials and labor are several times less than the cost of building a stone stove. This is the fireplace in the country house, the photo of which is given below.
Today, there are fireplace designs that are in no way inferior to traditional stoves of Dutch or Swedish design in terms of their thermal and quality indicators. True, it is not possible to achieve these indicators in a brick structure, so these structures are implemented in metal and are presented in the form of ready-made industrial metal fireplaces.
Much needs to be considered before building fireplaces: size, location, design, type of materials used. All this is calculated in advance, often using special programs. High-efficiency fireplaces are designed to use pallets or other similar slow-burning biofuels.
About the safety of using a fireplace
The use of open flames indoors is legally prohibited by building and fire safety codes, which greatly limits the possibility of using a classic fireplace. Information can be found in the Fire Safety Rules of the Russian Federation (PPB 01-03, section 3: Rules for human habitation).
A developer who violates the rules of the PPB and builds an open fireplace in his dacha with his own bricks is at great risk. Today this issue is easily resolved through the use of glass protection. High-temperature glass easily transmits infrared radiation, providing the effect of the heat of an open flame.
How the fireplace works
The first fireplaces were a regular hearth with a chimney, surrounded by three walls. The efficiency was low, since the wood burned quickly, but all the heat escaped into the chimney. Everything has changed since the moment when, through trial and error, stove makers invented the so-called smoke tooth and thermal mirror.
It turned out that the artificial narrowing of the chimney connection point, together with the inclined design of the rear wall of the hearth, creates the condition for self-regulating slow combustion of flue gases. The heat plug at the constriction plays the role of a choke, and the inclined surface forms a slowly rotating vortex of pyrolysis gases, which gradually burn out each time they approach the flame.
The moving flow “blocks” the supply of fresh air to the combustion site. As soon as the gases burn out and their temperature drops, the vortex will slow down and excess chimney draft will appear. The gases go into the chimney, and in their place, fresh oxygen is drawn into the vortex flow with air. The flame and gases become hotter, and everything repeats all over again.
Self-regulation of traction made it possible to use not only firewood, but also high-energy fuels. Even resinous pine firewood and coal burn slowly under these conditions, and carbon monoxide is kept securely in a closed vortex. The gas circulation time ranges from 2 to 7 minutes!
The influence of draft on the safety of using a fireplace
The stability of the vortex process allows you to regulate heat generation by incompletely closing the chimney view during fuel combustion. At the same time, extremely dangerous carbon monoxide - CO, is still reliably oxidized to safer carbon dioxide CO2. This is worth keeping in mind when deciding which room and how to make a fireplace.
Constantly circulating in the firebox, the vortex transfers heat to the stone walls. Therefore, already cooled, barely warm gases exit into the chimney. The inclined surface of the rear wall acts as a heat reflector. There is no need to make it from reflective material. Ordinary black soot from firewood perfectly reflects the invisible spectrum of infrared radiation. The only thing worth taking care of is making this inclined plane as smooth as possible. A good fireplace in a home provides up to 50% thermal efficiency, which is a very respectable figure among other similar heat generators.
Features of heat transfer from a fireplace
The removal of heat from gases after the thermal tooth does not in any way affect the performance of the fireplace. If in stone stoves too intensive heat extraction sharply reduces their efficiency, then the water heating register in the fireplace above the smoke tooth can, without consequences, take away as much heat as will be generated by the fuel.
Another option for increasing the heat transfer of a fireplace is to organize vertical air channels above the smoke chimney. Passing through the channels due to natural thermal convection, the air is heated and returned to the room as a coolant.
What is a fireplace insert?
Formed by screens, horizontal and slightly inclined surfaces, the lower part of the firebox is called the under. In some materials it is found as a fire tray.
Just as a fire does not have a vent, so in the first fireplaces there was a solid one under the firebox. But for quick combustion of firewood, extra draft will not hurt at all. Therefore, the laying of fireplaces of modern design often includes a small vent, which is closed after the appearance of a stable fire. A vortex is formed at the moment of closure. Until this moment, all the generated heat flies out into the chimney.
In classic English fireplaces, the hearth was slightly tilted towards the floor. This improved the conditions for the emergence of a thermal vortex, but the burning brands still tried to roll out of the firebox. Therefore, as protection, the fireplace firebox was equipped with a low grate. Today, fire protection is provided by specially designed glass doors. And the grilles have a purely decorative role.
Calculation of fireplace parameters based on room area
A fireplace may have different firebox dimensions, but they are calculated based on the volume of the room according to the standards.
- The volume of the combustion chamber must be at least 1/50 of the volume of the heated room;
- The area of the fireplace portal should be about 2% of the floor area of the room;
- The area of the hearth is equal to 0.7 of the portal area;
- The cross-section of the chimney at its narrowest point is about 0.15 of the hearth area.
- The height of the combustion chamber is determined by 3/5 of its width. And the depth of the firebox is three times less than the height.
Examples and diagrams of simple fireplaces
In order not to think for a long time about how to make a fireplace with your own hands, we offer a diagram of a simple fireplace that can be built independently. A complete list of materials is presented in the table:
When constructing walls, it is necessary to ensure the minimum possible thickness of the seams, the verticality of the masonry and the accuracy of its dimensions. When forming vaults, the protrusion of each next row should not exceed 6.5 cm above the previous one (a quarter of the size of the brick). To facilitate the task, the inclined screen is made of steel sheet.
The fireplace has air channels for thermal convection. This increases thermal efficiency and the rate at which the room warms up. Taking into account the small size of the fireplace and its simplified design, its efficiency is up to 20%.
The arrangement of the fireplace is shown in the diagram below:
Bottom line
If the house has a fireplace, then it becomes the main object for gathering the whole family. Tongues of flame fascinate and encourage communication. This is probably why, in our technological era, the fireplace still remains a spectacular romantic addition to the interior of our home.
