Treatment of chronic pharyngitis. Exercise and Wellness Activities

How can I cope with chronic pharyngitis? I'm tired of walking around with a feeling of a swollen throat. and got the best answer

Reply from ***[guru]
There is a completely unscientific explanation for throat diseases.
In general, it begins to bother you after you wanted to “express everything”, but you kept it to yourself and remained silent. This sounds like complete nonsense, but after I heard about it, I began to notice that after that I began to have a new form of pharyngo-laryngitis... precisely after I was silent, instead of speaking from the heart.

Reply from Yovetlana Markova[newbie]
Tell me, have you cured pharyngitis???? I have the same thing, only the ENT doctor insists that these are gastrointestinal problems

Reply from Vladimir Trushin[guru]
Very often, chronic pharyngitis is part of a gastrointestinal tract disease. In this situation, you treat exclusively the “tops”, and the “roots” remain and then give you new “tops”.
As an ENT specialist, I often encounter such patients; most often, their condition is caused by gastroesophageal reflux - the reflux of gastric juice containing hydrochloric acid into the esophagus and throat. This causes the patient a burning sensation in the chest, throat (heartburn), a feeling of a lump, swelling, dryness, and a foreign body in the throat.
I recommend that you pay attention to the above symptoms.
In this situation, I would prescribe a trial course of omeprazole-based medications for a month and a consultation with a gastroenterologist.
Good luck

Reply from Kitty[master]
Apparatus "Cuckoo"
There is an ENT doctor in any clinic.

Reply from Drion Leaving Earth[guru]
Most likely the source of infection is the tonsils... There is such an ENT procedure. when the tonsil is covered with a special cup, warm furatsilin is poured into it and ultrasound is applied... Very good effect. I forgot what the device is called...

Reply from Alena[guru]
You wrap cotton wool around a pencil, dip it in Lugol and lubricate your throat 2 times a day for several days, for some it helped even in a couple of days. This is not the most gentle method of treatment, but it helps, if you can’t do this, then you can buy the drug Yox, it also contains iodine, do it according to the instructions.

Reply from Tootsie[guru]
In addition, place oil drops in the nose, for example, Vitaon Lux, 4-5 drops, to irrigate the nasopharynx.

Reply from Queen[guru]
Pharyngitis (inflammation of the pharynx) is one of the manifestations of ARVI, that is, it is of viral origin. Sometimes pharyngitis can be caused by bacteria - most often it is streptococcus, which causes a sore throat.
Manifestations of pharyngitis are sore throat, sore throat (constant, not only when swallowing), cough.
Depending on what pathogen caused pharyngitis (virus or bacteria), treatment is prescribed, since bacterial inflammation must be treated with antibiotics, which are selected by the doctor, and viral inflammation goes away on its own and requires only symptomatic treatment.
Chronic pharyngitis can be simple, hypertrophic, or atrophic. Causes: frequent inflammation of the throat and nose, metabolic disorders, diabetes, diseases of the intestines, stomach, heart, lungs, liver and kidneys, harmful factors such as dry air, dust, chemicals, smoke, alcohol, etc.
Treatment of pharyngitis
The treatment regimen for pharyngitis is determined by an ENT doctor based on an accurate diagnosis. Treatment of pharyngitis depends on the form of pharyngitis (acute or chronic).
When treating acute pharyngitis, warm drinks and various gargles are recommended. How to gargle when treating pharyngitis? When treating acute pharyngitis, the throat can be gargled with alkaline solutions, decoctions of medicinal herbs (chamomile, sage, etc.), and furatsilin solution. Warming compresses for the neck are useful in treating pharyngitis.
In the treatment of chronic pharyngitis, alkaline gargling is prescribed. Lubricate the mucous membrane of the throat with a 1-2% solution of silver nitrate (lapis).
Treatment of pharyngitis in acute forms is the same as for angina, in chronic forms depending on the condition of the mucous membrane. For hypertrophy - frequent rinsing, irrigation with a solution of soda, table salt (weak solution), borax, and anti-inflammatory herbs. Lubrication with solutions of collargol, protargol, silver nitrate, iodinol, Lugol. Granules of lymphoid tissue are cauterized with trichloroacetic acid, treated with liquid nitrogen, and irradiated with a laser. Physiotherapy is prescribed (inhalations with hydrocortisone, UHF, ultrasound, phonophoresis with propolis, etc.). In case of atrophy, the mucous membrane does not recover; symptomatic treatment is carried out.

Reply from 3 answers[guru]

Pharyngitis is an acute or chronic inflammation of the pharynx. The disease is quite common; almost every viral infection leads to pharyngitis. If local or general immunity is reduced and the disease is not treated, the acute process can become chronic and occur regularly. Chronic pharyngitis is one of the most common ENT diseases, one of the most common reasons for visiting an otolaryngologist.

Causes

Pharyngitis can develop due to exposure to infectious agents (viruses, bacteria, fungi), inhalation of polluted or dusty air, chemical and thermal irritation of the mucous membrane. The disease can also be of an allergic nature. Acute pharyngitis is rarely an independent process; most often it develops against the background of acute respiratory viral infections or other infectious diseases. Chronic pharyngitis has a long course and can be a secondary process for rhinitis and sinusitis, acute pharyngitis, and chronic tonsillitis.

The most common pathogens:

rhinoviruses;
parainfluenza and influenza viruses;
coronaviruses;
adenoviruses;
streptococci and staphylococci;
mushrooms of the genus Candida.

Factors contributing to the occurrence of pharyngitis

Hypothermia.
Breathing through the mouth when nasal breathing is difficult.
Drinking cold drinks.
Hot or cold food.
Decreased immunity.
Smoking (both active and passive).
Drinking alcohol.
Inhalation of air with high concentrations of dust.
Chronic diseases of the stomach and esophagus, accompanied by reflux.
Stagnation in the venous system in diseases of the lungs and heart.
Metabolic diseases.
Removal of tonsils.

Clinical picture

The main symptoms of pharyngitis:

dryness, burning, sore throat;
sore throat when swallowing (especially with an “empty throat” - swallowing saliva);
low-grade fever, general condition practically does not suffer;
a feeling of mucus running down the back of the throat and the need to cough up;
Upon examination, the mucous membrane of the pharynx and palatine tonsils are hyperemic, and mucopurulent deposits are observed.

This process must be differentiated from angina, since the approaches to treatment have certain differences. The diagnosis of pharyngitis is established on the basis of clinical data, medical history, and examination by a specialist.

Variants of acute pharyngitis

Viral.
Fungal.
Allergic.
Bacterial.
Traumatic.
Pharyngitis caused by irritation of the mucous membrane (chemical or thermal).

Types of chronic pharyngitis

After examining the patient’s throat, the doctor will determine the nature of the pathological process and select the necessary treatment.

Catarrhal (symptoms of pharyngitis are moderate, intensify after eating hot, cold and spicy food, characterized by the accumulation of viscous mucus on the back wall of the pharynx in large quantities, coughing is stronger in the morning, may be accompanied by vomiting).
Atrophic (manifested by dry throat, formation of crusts on the mucous membrane).
Hypertrophic (symptoms of pharyngitis are pronounced).

Treatment

Treatment of pharyngitis must begin with eliminating its cause. If pharyngitis is bacterial, antibacterial drugs are prescribed; if it is associated with dust and other irritating factors, it is necessary to eliminate their influence. If pharyngitis is secondary, then it is necessary to treat the underlying disease that led to its development. For all types of pharyngitis, its course is aggravated by smoking, that is, treatment requires cessation of the action of this factor.

Therapeutic measures:

gentle diet (exclude hot, cold, irritating foods);
gargling (gargling solutions are used - chlorophyllipt, furatsillin; alkaline solutions; infusion of medicinal herbs - sage, calendula);
oral antiseptics in the form of lozenges, lozenges (chlorhexedine, lysobact, faringosept, decatylene, etc.), and sprays are also prescribed (orasept, tantum verde, ingalipt, etc.);
anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen, paracetamol, etc.);
warm compresses on the neck area;
for bacterial pharyngitis, antibiotics can be prescribed, often local ones (bioparox).

If chronic pharyngitis is hypertrophic, then it is recommended to use laser coagulation and cryodestruction.

Physiotherapeutic treatment

Treatment with physical factors is prescribed to reduce inflammation and swelling, improve blood circulation and lymphatic drainage, increase immunity and reduce intoxication, as well as for sedative purposes.

The main methods of physiotherapy used to treat pharyngitis:

inhalations using hormonal (budesonide, fluticasone) and non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs, interferon, alkaline and oil inhalations;
UHF therapy for the pharynx area;
medicinal electrophoresis with hydrocortisone, potassium iodide (for hypertrophic pharyngitis), calcium chloride (for catarrhal pharyngitis), nicotinic acid and novocaine (for atrophy of the pharyngeal mucosa);
ultrasound therapy on the pharynx area;
magnetic therapy on the pharyngeal projection area;
laser therapy on the back wall of the pharynx;
EF irradiation of the pharyngeal mucosa for bactericidal purposes;
aerotherapy (mainly air baths outside of exacerbation);
thalassotherapy (moretherapy).

Spa treatment

Patients with pharyngitis in remission, in the absence of contraindications, are recommended to recover in the sanatoriums of Crimea, Sochi, Kuyalnik, Pyatigorsk, Gagra, etc. During the atrophic process, a prerequisite for recovery is a warm and humid climate. For patients with reduced adaptive capabilities and severe manifestations of pharyngitis, treatment in local sanatoriums is recommended.

Conclusion

Chronic pharyngitis is a condition that causes significant discomfort to patients. The atrophic process with constant dryness of the mucous membrane is especially painful in this regard; its manifestations can disrupt sleep and cause psychological disorders. To prevent the process from becoming chronic, it is necessary to promptly treat acute symptoms, give up bad habits, and use protective equipment when working with occupational hazards.

TVC, ABC of Health program, episode on the topic “Pharingitis: symptoms and treatment”:

Online magazine “Otolaryngologist”, video on the topic “Pharingitis: treatment at home”:

Treatment of pharyngitis involves, first of all, eliminating provoking, irritating factors (do not eat too cold, hot, spicy, sour, salty foods and carbonated drinks, give up alcohol and do not overexert your voice). You may also have to change jobs, start using protective equipment, or take a course of antibiotics.

Everyone who smokes should give up this bad habit!!!

Pharyngitis, which occurs in a mild form and is not accompanied by disturbances in the general condition, is sufficient to treat symptomatically. Hot foot baths, steam inhalations, a gentle diet, warm compresses, gargling, milk and honey are usually sufficient. Uncomplicated pharyngitis most often does not require antibiotics. It is enough to carry out local antimicrobial therapy.

In any case, a doctor must determine the diagnosis, prescribe treatment and dosage of medications!!!

Drug treatment

Antibacterial agents for the treatment of pharyngitis contain one or more antiseptics (hexetidine, ambazone, chlorhexidine, thymol, alcohols, benzydamine, iodine preparations, etc.), local anesthetics (tetracaine, lidocaine, menthol), essential oils, and, less often, sulfonamides or antibiotics (framycetin, fusafyungin), deodorizing agents. Medicines may also include:

Natural antiseptics (bee products, plant extracts);
vitamins (ascorbic acid);
nonspecific protection factors (interferon, lysozyme);
bacterial lysates (Imudon).

Antimicrobial agents can be used in the form of insufflations, rinses, inhalations, lozenges, tablets. The main thing is that the medicines have:

Low allergenicity;
wide spectrum of antimicrobial effects with antiviral activity;
low rate of absorption from mucous membranes;
lack of toxic and irritating effects.

Many products (drill, hexalize, neo-angin, faringosept, septolete, strepsils, etc.) are produced in the form of lozenges, tablets and lozenges. This dosage form has relatively low activity.

Do not forget that chlorhexidine, which is part of many medications (drill, antiangin, eludril, sebidine), is toxic, so its uncontrolled use should not be allowed, especially by children!!!

The use of a number of drugs hinders irritation and allergenicity, for example, iodine derivatives (iox, vocadine, iodinol, povidone-iodine), sulfonamides (inhalipt, bicarmint), propolis (proposol). Medicines that include plant essential oils and antiseptics are effective and safe, but their use is contraindicated for patients with allergies to pollen.

Aerosol Bioparox - combines anti-inflammatory and antibacterial qualities. It has been used for more than 20 years. Due to small aerosol particles, the active substance easily penetrates hard-to-reach areas. Bioparox has a stable spectrum of action. Helps with pharyngitis of viral etiology.

Imudon is significantly different from other agents, since it contains lysates of fungi and bacteria. It promotes phagocytosis and increases the content of secretory IgA and lysozyme in saliva. Imudon can be used with any antibiotics.

Folk remedies

You can use traditional methods of treatment only after consultation with an otolaryngologist!!!

The use of medicinal plants for diseases of the pharynx is associated with the emollient, anti-inflammatory and analgesic qualities of the herbs. Rinsing is performed 4 times a day with warm decoctions. Sea water (you can dilute salt at home) or water with lemon juice is also good for treatment. The air in the room should not be dry. Avoid eating before bed and sleep with your head slightly elevated. Make an alcohol compress and keep your throat warm (wrap it in a scarf).

The following plants are used for decoctions and rinses: mint, rose hips, coltsfoot, string, sea buckthorn, viburnum, chamomile, yarrow, lemon balm and many others.

Physiotherapy

For pharyngitis, to relieve inflammation, the doctor may prescribe physical therapy methods such as:

Red laser therapy;
UHF;
high-frequency magnetic therapy;
infrared laser therapy;
inhalation drug therapy;
ultrasound therapy;
medicinal electrophoresis.

Low-frequency magnetic therapy is effective in relieving swelling. The bactericidal effect is provided by KUF irradiation of the pharyngeal mucosa. If the disease is caused by a virus, then interferon inhalations are used. To increase immunity and body resistance, air baths, high-frequency magnetic therapy of the thymus, LOC, SUV irradiation in suberythemal doses, and thalassotherapy are used.

Ultrasound therapy improves microcirculation and increases tissue saturation with oxygen.

Inhaled corticosteroids (budesonide, triamcinolone acetonide, fluticasone propionate, beclametazole dipropionite, flunisolide) reduce pharyngeal vascular permeability and bacterial activity.

For oil inhalations, rosehip, eucalyptus, peach and sea buckthorn oils are used.

It is possible to carry out inhalations with mineral water and 2% potassium chloride solution.

With the help of drug electrophoresis, the permeability of the drug into the inflamed tissues of the pharynx increases.

Magnetic therapy improves the quality of leukocytes and promotes the resorption of the inflammatory focus.

Surgical treatment

In case of chronic pharyngitis, the necessary surgical procedures are performed to restore nasal breathing (polypotomy, adenotomy, septoplasty). The need for surgery - toneillectomy is considered individually. After the intervention, a change occurs in the pharyngeal mucosa. Some modern clinics perform laser surgery.

Source:

Pharyngitis is a common disease that involves an inflammatory process in the lymphoid tissues and mucous membranes of the pharynx. In most cases, the disease is easily cured and ceases to bother you, but sometimes it becomes chronic. This type of pharyngitis requires taking certain measures.

How to cure chronic pharyngitis?

Forms of chronic pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis can be classified by type:

Catarrhal. It usually affects smokers with many years of experience and those who constantly have to inhale harmful gases. A characteristic symptom is swelling of the mucous membrane. In rare cases, mucus appears on the back of the throat.
Hypertrophic. The mucous membrane and lymph nodes increase in size. Mucus accumulates, which causes bad breath and cough.
Atrophic. The condition of the mucous membrane is seriously deteriorating, it is becoming thinner. The mucus that forms hardens, makes it difficult to swallow, and comes off when you cough.

Pharyngitis from the inside

Attention: when the disease takes an acute form, the symptoms become more pronounced. The cough gets worse and it hurts to swallow. Possible fever and enlarged lymph nodes.

Types of chronic pharyngitis

Provocateurs of the development of chronic pharyngitis

Acute pharyngitis becomes chronic not only due to untimely provision of medical care or its ignoring. A change in the stage of the disease can be provoked by other factors:

smoking and alcohol abuse;
diseases of the endocrine system;
abuse of vasoconstrictor sprays and drops against the runny nose;
removal of tonsils;
constant consumption of foods that irritate the throat (hot, cold, spicy, sour);
allergic reaction;
diseases of the nasopharynx (tonsillitis, etc.);
diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, in which acid rises up and onto the mucous membranes.

Causes of pharyngitis

Important: Chronic pharyngitis is also provoked by unfavorable environmental factors. These include gases, dry air, etc. People living in desert and steppe climates are susceptible to upper respiratory tract diseases.

Symptoms of chronic pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis has the same symptoms as acute pharyngitis (fever and sudden deterioration in health are exceptions). The only difference is that in the first case they are expressed weaker, but are felt constantly.

Symptoms of atrophic pharyngitis

Signs of chronic pharyngitis include:

Dry cough. It can be both frequent and rare. Sometimes with chronic pharyngitis it is paroxysmal in nature.
Feeling of dryness in the mouth. This symptom is observed in patients with chronic pharyngitis, even if salivation is normal.
Thirst. The sensation may be present even after drinking drinks.
Unpleasant sensation in the throat. “Lump”, object, soreness, pain – all this characterizes this symptom.

Symptoms of hypertrophic pharyngitis

Attention: with chronic pharyngitis, the patient is bothered by mucus on the back wall of the larynx. Consequently, he periodically swallows it.

Diagnosis of chronic pharyngitis

Seeing a doctor to determine an accurate diagnosis is necessary, since the symptoms of chronic pharyngitis are similar to those of other diseases. Diagnosis of the disease will involve an examination in the office of an ENT doctor. The specialist takes into account complaints and performs pharyngoscopy.

Important: in some cases, it is necessary to obtain a pharyngeal swab in order to determine the causative agent of the disease.

Treatment of chronic pharyngitis

The first measure that should be taken during treatment is the elimination of all irritants. Alcohol and cigarettes are contraindicated. It is also necessary to limit exposure to toxic gases.

Treatment of catarrhal pharyngitis

As for nutrition, preference should be given to a gentle fortified diet. Eat neutral foods (no acids, hot spices, etc.). Dishes should be either room temperature or warm. All fruits can be consumed except allergens and sour citrus fruits.

Drug treatment

There are several groups of medications that can be used to treat chronic pharyngitis:

Lollipops. Faringosept, Doctor Mom, Septolete, Septogal and Falimint eliminate pain and facilitate the swallowing process. There is no specific frequency of use - it is recommended to dissolve one tablet if discomfort occurs in the throat. If the instructions indicate a maximum daily dose, it must be taken into account.
Sprays. Inhalipt, Cameton, Hexoral, Tantum Verde, Lugol are medications in the form of aerosols that prevent coughing attacks and soothe irritated mucous membranes. They should be used several times a day (ten to fifteen one dose) after meals.
Treatment of the hypertrophic form of pharyngitis
Solutions. You need to gargle with a solution of Chlorhexidine, Chlorophyllipt, Furacilin, Iodinol or Miramistin once or twice a day. Each drug has individual instructions for creating a solution attached to it.
Anti-cough medications. Stoptussin (dosage depends on body weight) and Sinekod (fifteen milliliters three times a day) are suitable medications that suppress coughing attacks. Neo-Codion, Tercodin and Codelac should be taken one tablet three times a day.

Treatment of the atrophic form of pharyngitis

Important: Along with the necessary medications, you can purchase vitamin complexes at the pharmacy. Their use will have a positive effect on the immune system, and will also help restore the body after taking medications.

Video - What is pharyngitis and how to treat it?

Treatment of pharyngitis with folk remedies

You can improve your well-being with chronic pharyngitis using folk remedies:

Blackberry. A decoction of its leaves (one hundred grams per liter of water) is suitable for inhalation. The fruits can be consumed in their pure form.
Cocoa butter. It must be mixed with milk and honey. Half a teaspoon of butter per glass of milk will be enough.
Salt compress. Sea salt needs to be heated in a frying pan so that it is warm. Next, you should wrap it in gauze and wrap a compress around your neck. The holding time is a quarter of an hour. It is advisable to apply a compress before going to bed. After exposure, you need to wrap your neck with a terry towel.
Honey compress. It needs to be prepared in almost the same way as the previous one, only in this case the honey is heated in the microwave. You need to put cellophane between the honey and gauze so as not to get dirty. The exposure time is twenty minutes. It is recommended to use once a day.
Gargling with herbs. Sage and chamomile are suitable options. They must be used dry. Add a large spoonful of herb to a glass of boiling water, cool, strain and gargle. For best results, you need to repeat the procedure five times a day.

Video - How to treat pharyngitis with folk remedies

Physiotherapy

Physiotherapy– a suitable method for treating chronic pharyngitis. It involves these procedures:

electrophoresis;
magnetic therapy;
ultraviolet;
inductothermy.

All of the above treatment measures are universal. They can be taken for any form of chronic pharyngitis if they are approved by the treating ENT doctor. Treatment methods suitable for certain types of disease are listed in the table.

Catarrhal	The main measure is to clear the throat of mucus. Firstly, it is necessary to rinse with antiseptics (one Furacilin tablet in a glass of water three times a day). Secondly, you need to lubricate your throat with Lugol's solution in glycerin. Thirdly, it is advisable to use sprays (irrigation with Kameton several times a day)
Hypertrophic	It is necessary to cauterize the lymphoid tissue in a hospital setting. Usually the process is carried out by cryotherapy or electrocoagulation
Atrophic	Inhalation of special enzymes or potassium solution is required. The doctor selects drugs that improve the process of mucus secretion

Coagulation of hypertrophic lateral ridges of the pharynx with a laser beam

If the disease was caused by pathogenic bacteria, antibiotic therapy is required. Penicillins, cephalosporins and macrolides are suitable. The dosage is determined by a specialist.

Important: Don't expect quick results. Treatment of chronic pharyngitis is a long process.

The choice of antibacterial agents for pharyngitis

Prevention of chronic pharyngitis

In order to prevent the occurrence of chronic pharyngitis, you need to follow simple rules:

Start treatment only after visiting your doctor's office. Consultation with a specialist before using the medications you have chosen is necessary.
Stop smoking and drinking alcohol. Alcohol-containing drinks irritate the walls of the throat, and cigarette smoke has a detrimental effect on the entire respiratory system.
Eat right. Monitor the temperature of food and do not get carried away with foods that irritate the mouth and throat.
Use vasoconstrictors for runny nose only when necessary. These medications are addictive. Abuse of them is fraught with deterioration of the mucous membranes.
Use protective masks and respirators if it is not possible to limit exposure to harmful gases. This is especially important for those who have to work with hazardous substances.
Humidify the air in your home. If you live in a dry climate, use humidifiers.

The influence of external factors on the pharyngeal mucosa

Important: Carefully monitor your health and strengthen your immune system. The likelihood of chronic pharyngitis in healthy people is lower than in those who suffer from various diseases.

Increased body temperature, itching, sore throat and sore throat when swallowing, redness and swelling of the nasopharyngeal mucosa, dry irritating cough, rhinitis and exudate. All these are symptoms of pharyngitis. The disease occurs mainly against the background of a viral or bacterial infection, and occurs in children much more often than in adults. Which is understandable: in childhood, the immune system develops and strengthens, but sometimes does not yet fully perform its protective functions. Therefore, parents should know what pharyngitis is and how it occurs, and how it is treated.

Pharyngitis - inflammation of the mucous membrane of the back of the throat

Pharynxitis (pharyngitis) - translated from Latin “pharynx” means “throat”, and the suffix -itis indicates inflammation. The name of the disease speaks for itself. Pharyngitis is an inflammatory process that spreads to the mucous membrane of the posterior wall of the pharynx, tissue of the soft palate, and in a complicated course, affecting lymphoid tissue.

Pharyngoscopy is one of the ways to diagnose pharyngitis

As an isolated condition, pharyngitis is rare. It is more of a symptom, a consequence of the progression of the underlying disease. And it develops when microbes, viruses, and allergens come into contact with the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx and respiratory tract.

Therefore, its symptoms can be supplemented by signs of acute respiratory infections, acute respiratory viral infections, allergic reactions, hypothermia, etc. The peak incidence occurs during periods of seasonal epidemics - autumn and spring.

In newborns and children under 2 years of age, pharyngitis is especially severe - due to the immaturity of the respiratory system and mucous membranes.

The condition of children is aggravated by an increase in body temperature to 40°C, they refuse to eat, sleep poorly, become capricious, and foci of inflammation provoke the development of complications: otitis media, conjunctivitis, acute catarrhal rhinitis, edema and stenosis of the larynx, suffocation.

The treatment strategy for childhood pharyngitis is developed depending on its type and characteristics of the course of the disease.

Symptoms of pharyngitis manifest themselves depending on the type of disease and the form of its course. Therapeutic measures are also developed taking into account the causes of inflammation and the severity of damage to the mucous membranes.

Types and forms of the disease

Pharyngitis is a disease that occurs depending on what pathogen caused the inflammation, how extensive the damage to the mucous membranes is, whether there are aggravating factors, whether soft tissues and lymph nodes are affected, etc. The disease is classified according to the degree of influence of all these factors on its development.

Pharyngitis is classified depending on the duration of the disease, the location of inflammation and the causes of its occurrence.

What is pharyngitis like?

Spicy. It usually develops rapidly, as a secondary sign of an acute respiratory infection, and lasts up to a month.
Subacute. Lasts more than 30 days. It develops when seeking help untimely or due to unqualified treatment of acute pharyngitis.
Chronic. Lasts 6 months or more. It develops as a result of constant irritation of the mucous membranes by aggressive agents (allergens, gastric juice during reflux) or against the background of other chronic ENT diseases (sinusitis, adenoiditis, rhinitis, tonsillitis, tonsillitis). In turn, it is divided into:
- lateral - when inflammation spreads to the lateral ridges (side walls) of the pharynx;
Viral. When the mucous membranes become inflamed due to exposure to influenza or parainfluenza viruses, rhinovirus, adenovirus or coronavirus (including herpes, enterovirus - in this case, pharyngitis is defined as herpetic, enteroviral). Aphthae (aphthous) form on the pharyngeal mucosa - very painful ulcers. Transmitted by droplets. It is more often registered in children who attend school or preschool institutions.
Bacterial. It develops when pathogenic bacteria (streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococci, etc.) come into contact with the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx and respiratory tract.
Allergic. From irritation of mucous membranes by inhaled allergens (dust, pollen, animal hair, car exhaust, mold, etc.), dry air.
Gribkov. When fungal spores get on the mucous membranes. This form of the disease occurs mainly in infants, as a complication of candidal stomatitis and thrush of the oral mucosa.

Viral pharyngitis is treated without antibiotics, bacterial - with the prescription of antibiotics and, in case of a complicated course, with mandatory hospitalization

Pharyngoscopy (examination of the pharynx), laboratory tests of blood from a finger, urine, and a smear of mucus from the throat help doctors diagnose and classify pharyngitis.

An increase in ESR and leukocytes in the blood indicates an inflammatory process. The number of neutrophils is increased - inflammation is caused by bacteria, lymphocytes - by viruses. Mucus analysis identifies the infection and provides information about the sensitivity of pathogenic microflora to antibacterial and antiseptic drugs (if the cause of the disease is bacteria).

In children, in 70–90% of cases, acute pharyngitis develops due to infection of the mucous membranes of the pharynx and respiratory tract with viral microflora.

Video: treating pharyngitis (Children's doctor)

Treatment in a child

Pharyngitis in children is treated by an otolaryngologist (ENT) or a pediatrician. In the absence of serious complications, therapeutic measures can be carried out at home - on an outpatient basis.

Hospitalization is mandatory:

newborns and babies up to one year old - due to the high likelihood of developing complications and the need for constant monitoring of the condition by specialists;
in severe cases of the disease - high temperature, purulent discharge, severe swelling of the mucous membranes;
with an infectious etiology of pharyngitis - when inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa is caused by scarlet fever, diphtheria, measles (to prevent infection of others).

Pharyngitis therapy is always comprehensive and includes:

symptomatic treatment - to alleviate the condition;
treatment aimed at eliminating the source of inflammation and normalizing the pharyngoscopy picture.

Any procedures and medications can only be prescribed to a child by the attending physician. Self-medication leads to complications and increases the risk of the disease becoming chronic.

Treatment of pharyngitis begins, first of all, with lifestyle correction. It is important that the child is in a favorable environment, eats properly, stays hydrated, breathes fresh air, and does not get overtired.

An air humidifier is a device that will benefit all family members. With sufficient hydration of the mucous membranes, they perform their protective functions more effectively. And with pharyngitis, humidified air is less irritating to inflamed mucous membranes

What will the doctor's orders be?

Bed rest. For pharyngitis, it is mandatory in the first few days of the disease, when the baby’s body temperature is high and he experiences pain. Next, you need to focus on the child’s condition. If he feels well, moderate physical activity is welcome: it speeds up metabolism.
Walks. Allowed and recommended during the recovery stage. In the acute period, they are undesirable. They will be replaced by regular ventilation and wet cleaning of the room where the patient is. It is very good if the air in the room is humidified using a special humidifier (this will help reduce a sore throat). If you don't have a humidifier, you can hang wet towels.
Drink plenty of fluids. Necessary for sufficient hydration of mucous membranes.
Diet correction. It is necessary to exclude from it those foods that irritate the mucous membrane: too hot or very cold, spicy, hot, salty, sour. As well as carbonated drinks and sweets. Food should be easily digestible and contain sufficient amounts of vitamins and minerals.
Voice mode. Its observance during pharyngitis is recommended so that inflammation does not spread to the mucous membrane of the larynx and vocal cords.

Medicines are used according to indications; the treatment strategy can be adjusted depending on test results and assessment of the effectiveness of the prescribed therapy.

Drug therapy

The choice of certain medications depends on the type and form of pharyngitis. What was used to treat the neighbor's boy is unlikely to be suitable for your baby. The selection of therapeutic methods is individual for each child.

With the help of medications, the primary disease is eliminated and the inflammatory process in the pharyngeal mucosa caused by it is stopped. At the same time, erosive lesions are healed, epithelial defects are removed, swelling is removed, and the production and discharge of mucus is normalized.

Video: cough medicines (Dr. Komarovsky)

Table: medications for the treatment of pharyngitis in children

Systemic antibiotics for pharyngitis in children are usually prescribed when antiviral therapy and the use of local antiseptics do not give the desired effect. Or on the 5th day after the first symptoms of the disease appear if the clinical picture worsens.

In case of fungal infection of the mucous membranes of the pharynx (pharyngomycosis), antifungal therapy is necessarily indicated:

Fluconazole (Itraconazole, Ketoconazole);
or Levorin (Nystatin, Natamycin);
or Terbinafine.

Photo gallery: drugs for complex therapy of childhood pharyngitis

Derinat - vasoconstrictor drops, also contribute to the restoration of mucous membranes Viburkol (suppositories) - a comprehensive homeopathic drug, has an antipyretic, analgesic, sedative effect, allowed for infants Lyzobakt - local antiseptic Panadol - antipyretic, active ingredient paracetamol Vitamins - multivitamins to strengthen the immune system Stoptussin - herbal remedy for cough Bifiform - a drug for normalizing intestinal microflora Hexoral - a bactericidal agent for topical use Alphabet - a multivitamin complex Augmentin - an antibacterial agent for systemic use Cetrin - prescribed to neutralize an allergic reaction, relieve swelling Claritin - an antihistamine drug Lacidofil - regulates the intestinal microflora Lazolvan - has an expectorant effect Ambrobene - expectorant remedy Lugol - local antiseptic Aconite - homeopathic remedy used for acute pharyngitis Nurofen - antipyretic, has a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory effect Arbinol - antiviral agent Vibrocil - has a vasoconstrictor and anti-allergenic effect Erespal - antitussive syrup Viferon suppositories stimulate the immune response to the invasion of the body by foreign microflora Suprax - an antibiotic for the treatment of pharyngitis caused by bacteria sensitive to its active substance

As for antipyretic drugs, products containing acetylsalicylic acid are not recommended for children under 12 years of age.

Protargol and Collargol are prepared in the prescription department (not available in every pharmacy)

Nasal drops Protargol and Collargol (colloidal silver solution) fight well against both viral and bacterial microflora. They reduce swelling and mucus production. Therefore, they are very often prescribed to children suffering from inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose and pharynx. The drugs differ in the concentration of silver in them. Protargol (silver up to 8.3%) is suitable for kids, Collargol (silver up to 70%) is suitable for older children.

Video: antiviral agents (Komarovsky E. O., children's doctor)

Inhalations

Inhalation therapy for diseases of the respiratory tract and nasopharynx in children is effective for several reasons.

Firstly. During the procedure, the mucous membranes are moistened, which helps to normalize their function and eliminate subjective discomfort in a sick child.

Secondly. The mucous membranes of the respiratory tract are cleared of mucus and dried crusts, which helps reduce their irritation. In this case, the cough, which is a reflex response to their presence in the respiratory tract, stops.

And thirdly. Using an inhaler, medications are delivered directly to the inflamed areas of the mucous membranes of the pharynx and act locally. In uncomplicated cases of the disease, this is quite sufficient, and systemic antibacterial drugs are not prescribed.

steam inhalations (warm, but in no case hot steam);
warm - coarse aerosol;
nebulizer - fine spray.

A nebulizer can be purchased for home use

Solutions for inhalation are prescribed as follows:

saline solution with the addition of bronchodilators and antihistamines, hormonal and antibacterial agents;
sea water preparations;
alkaline mineral water (Borjomi or Narzan) or sodium chloride solution 1%;
with decoctions or infusions of medicinal herbs (chamomile, calendula, sage) - in the absence of allergies;
with oils (sea buckthorn, fir, thuja, eucalyptus) - in the absence of allergies;
with the addition of propolis tincture (if the child does not have an allergic reaction to bee products);
with furatsilin, etc.

Procedures are carried out 1–4 times a day, depending on the drugs used. In most cases, the basis for preparing solutions is saline solution (or alkaline mineral water). Before and after inhalation, you should not eat or drink for 1–2 hours.

Your child’s attending physician will tell you how to prepare solutions for inhalation, how many times a day to administer them, and how long the course of treatment will last. Some solutions can also be used to rinse or irrigate the oropharynx.

For children who do not yet know how to gargle, it is irrigated using a small rubber syringe. In this case, the child’s head should be turned to one side and tilted slightly forward so that the solution can flow freely and not enter the respiratory tract.

Video: treating a throat - gargling (E. O. Komarovsky)

Physiotherapy

Physiotherapeutic procedures are carried out with the aim of stabilizing the condition of the mucous membranes and directing the inflammatory process towards regression. Some are designed to restore the normal state of the tissues and epidermis of the pharynx.

These could be:

heat therapy, paraffin therapy - local exposure to dry heat (heated salt, sand, paraffin);
UVR - visible and invisible ultraviolet rays (topically on the throat, quartz tube of the nose) have a noticeable bactericidal effect;
electrophoresis - when drugs are delivered directly to areas where the inflammatory process progresses, using a direct electric current, the therapeutic effect of drugs introduced into the body in this way is prolonged;
UHF - ultra-high frequency therapy has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, etc.

When lymphatic tissue grows (hypertrophic pharyngitis), it is cauterized with a laser, galvanic current or liquid nitrogen (cryotherapy).

This is how the “Tube-Quartz Nose” procedure works; irradiation of the pharynx is carried out according to the same principle, only the tube is inserted into the oral cavity

Surgical intervention

Possible with chronic pharyngitis - granulosa and hypertrophic. Tonsils in children are removed only when indicated - in case of frequent relapses or severe symptoms. The operation is called tonsillectomy.

To restore nasal breathing when lymphatic tissue grows, adenotomy (adenoids are removed), polypotomy (polyps are removed), septoplasty (the shape of the nasal septum is corrected).

But again, emphasis should be placed on the fact that these operations are a last resort when conservative treatment does not bring the desired effect.

Folk remedies

At home, remedies prepared according to traditional medicine recipes will help speed up the child’s recovery. Many of them are recommended by certified physicians. And their effectiveness has been tested for more than one generation.

But you should not prescribe this or that drug to your child on your own. Be sure to consult with your doctor about the possibility of using any traditional recipe.

Garlic with honey for pharyngitis

Acts as an antiseptic and tonic. Use is only possible if the child is not allergic to honey or bee products.

You can add lemon juice to the finished syrup

Ingredients:

garlic - 1 head (medium);
honey (preferably linden) - 100 ml (or 0.5 cups).

Preparation.

Peel the garlic.
Grind using a garlic mince (you can grate it on a fine grater).
Place in an enamel bowl.
Fill with honey.
Place in a water bath for 20 minutes - the garlic should dissolve in the honey.
Then let the mixture sit, covered, for 30 minutes.
Place the syrup in the water bath again for 10 minutes.
Cool and strain.
Store garlic syrup in a dark place.

Give your child 0.5–1 teaspoon (depending on age) 3–4 times a day, 30 minutes before meals, until his health improves.

Infusion of medicinal herbs for rinsing

Gargling during inflammatory processes in the oropharynx moisturizes the mucous membranes and disinfects them.

Gargling with medicinal herbs can be replaced with irrigation (from a syringe) if the child is too small and does not yet know how to gargle.

Ingredients:

dry chamomile - 1 part;
sage (dry raw materials) - 1 part;
dried calendula flowers - 1 part;
dried eucalyptus leaves - 1 part;
water (boiling water) - 1 glass (200 ml).

Preparation.

Prepare an herbal mixture by mixing chamomile, sage, calendula and eucalyptus in equal proportions.
Take 1 tablespoon of the mixture (approximately 8–9 g), place it in a teapot (or a thermos), and pour boiling water over it.
Leave for at least half an hour.
Strain.
Cool until the infusion is warm (not hot).

Let your child gargle with herbal infusion 3-5 times a day. 1 hour before the procedure and 1 hour after the baby should not eat or drink anything.

Ginger tea

Relieves irritation in the throat, softens cough, strengthens the immune system.

You can give your child ginger tea, or you can brew ginger with milk - the product copes well with a dry cough

Ingredients:

fresh ginger root (chopped) - 1 tbsp. l. (10–12 g);
water (boiling water) - 1 tbsp. (200 ml);
lemon - 1 slice;
honey - to taste (if there is no allergy).

Preparation.

Pour boiling water over chopped ginger root (you can peel it and grate it).
Leave covered for 30 minutes.
Strain.
Add a slice of lemon and honey to your tea.

Give the child warm, 2-3 times a day, 100-200 ml, depending on age, until the condition improves.

You can prepare ginger with milk for a child with a dry, irritating cough: 1 tbsp. l. grated ginger, pour 200 ml (1 tbsp.) of milk and boil for 20 minutes over low heat, cool, strain, divide the portion into 4 portions.

Rosehip tea

Restores and strengthens the back wall of the pharyngeal mucosa. You can also add medicinal herbs (sage, lemon balm, linden blossom) and viburnum berries to it (prepare the collection in equal proportions and take 1 tbsp per 250 ml of water). Then the drink will acquire antiseptic and immunomodulatory properties.

You can adjust the composition of the strengthening drink made from rose hips at your discretion.

Ingredients:

rose hips - 1 tbsp. l. (10–12 g);
water (boiling water) - 200 ml (1 tbsp.);
honey - to taste (if there is no allergy);
sea buckthorn oil - 1–2 drops.

Preparation.

Place rose hips in a thermos and pour boiling water over them.
Leave for at least 2 hours.
Strain.
Before giving it to your child, add honey and sea buckthorn oil to the tea.

A child should drink this tea 1-2 times a day, 100-200 ml, for 2-3 months.

Potato-honey flatbread

Modern doctors do not recommend alcohol compresses, as well as mustard plasters and cups for use by children. But no one doubts the effectiveness and safety of the good old potato cake.

When preparing honey-potato cake, you can add 0.5 tsp. mustard powder. But keep in mind that then the child will feel a burning sensation during the procedure. Therefore, for children under 6 years old, it is better to make flatbreads only with potatoes and honey - without mustard

Ingredients:

potato tubers (medium size) - 2 pcs.;
honey - 2 tsp. (8 g).

Preparation.

Wash the potatoes and boil them in their skins until tender.
Cool it so it is not hot.
Place the tuber on the inside of your wrist for a while: you should feel a pleasant warmth, but not a burning sensation.
Mash the potatoes with a fork and mix them with honey.
Form into 2 flatbreads.
Place one on the front of the child’s neck (but without affecting the thyroid gland).
The other is on the chest, in the middle, where the bronchi are (circling around the heart area).
Cover both cakes with wax paper or just a plastic bag, wrap the appliqué areas with a warm scarf.

The duration of the procedure is 30–40 minutes. When you remove the cakes, grease the skin under them well with goose fat (goat fat, badger fat).

With adequate treatment, pharyngitis in children is cured in 1–2 weeks. The disease rarely becomes chronic. But the main condition for this is timely detection and competent treatment of the primary disease, the consequence of which is inflammation of the mucous membranes of the oropharynx.

Children, especially children under 2–3 years old, get pharyngitis quite often. But this disease is quite treatable at home. Consultation with a doctor is required. Its symptoms are similar to those of other respiratory diseases. Therefore, only timely accurate diagnosis and competent therapy can prevent the development of complications.

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Contents [Show]

Chronic pharyngitis is an inflammation of the lymphoid tissues and mucous membranes of the pharynx. Most often, the disease occurs in adults. Sometimes nearby sections, for example, the nasopharynx or even the nasal cavity, are also involved in the inflammatory process. The disease, as a rule, occurs with exacerbations, which manifest themselves in the form of symptoms characteristic of the acute form.

In the article, we will look at why pharyngitis from an acute form becomes chronic, what symptoms a person experiences, what is prescribed as a diagnostic tool for making a diagnosis, and what treatment methods are most effective for adults.

Chronic pharyngitis is a disease in which a chronic inflammatory process is localized in the mucous membrane and lymphoid apparatus of the pharynx. Very often, pharyngitis accompanies diseases of the digestive system, in which retrograde reflux of gastric contents into the pharynx and oral cavity occurs.

A characteristic distinctive feature of chronic pharyngitis is isolated inflammation of one of the parts of the pharynx (nasopharynx, oropharynx or laryngopharynx) without involvement of lymphoid formations, i.e., tonsils, in the pathological process.

Usually it acts as an independent pathology, however, in some cases it is only a symptom of other diseases, including acute infectious processes.

The following reasons for the development of chronic pharyngitis are identified:

frequent respiratory viral infections;
untreated cases of acute pharyngitis;
prolonged exposure to irritating substances on the mucous membrane of the pharynx and upper respiratory tract;
chronic inflammatory diseases (sinusitis, tonsillitis, dental caries, rhinitis);
diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), pancreatitis);
conditions after tonsillectomy (removal of tonsils);
alcohol abuse, smoking;
violation of nasal breathing (deviated nasal septum, polyps and adenoids);
eating spicy, hot foods.

Catarrhal. It usually affects smokers with many years of experience and those who constantly have to inhale harmful gases. A characteristic symptom is swelling of the mucous membrane. In rare cases, mucus appears on the back of the throat.
Hypertrophic. The mucous membrane and lymph nodes increase in size. Mucus accumulates, which causes bad breath and cough.
Atrophic. The condition of the mucous membrane is seriously deteriorating, it is becoming thinner. The mucus that forms hardens, makes it difficult to swallow, and comes off when you cough.

In older people, atrophic pharyngitis is very common. This is due, first of all, to age-related changes in the mucous membrane of the pharynx. Upon examination, the doctor determines dryness, thinness and pallor of the pharyngeal mucosa, which may be covered with mucus in the form of a dried crust.

The photo shows chronic granulosa pharyngitis

At the time of remission of the chronic process, patients exhibit only local signs of pathology. Exacerbation of inflammation is characterized by the presence of intoxication with elevated temperature, general weakness, and malaise. In addition, local symptoms increase. In this regard, patients have a question: how to get rid of symptoms in a short time.

At the time of exacerbation of the disease, inflammatory signs may appear in nearby organs in the form of tonsillitis, tracheitis or laryngitis. In this case, treatment of chronic pharyngitis with folk remedies is not acceptable, since there is a risk of complications with secondary infection of other organ systems.

Incorrectly or unfairly treated pharyngitis is fraught with the spread of inflammation to neighboring organs with the development of the following diseases:

tonsillitis;
laryngitis;
tracheitis;
bronchitis;
regional lymphadenitis.

It is also possible to develop systemic inflammatory diseases:

glomerulonephritis;
myocarditis;
rheumatism.

The most severe complication of atrophic chronic pharyngitis is the transition to a malignant form - cancer.

The examination of the patient is based on a thorough interview, as well as a careful examination. Treatment of chronic pharyngitis cannot be prescribed until pharyngoscopy has been performed. With this procedure, the doctor will be able to identify the characteristic symptoms of any form of inflammation.

Diagnosis of chronic pharyngitis in most cases does not cause difficulties. It is based on a comprehensive assessment of the clinical picture and laboratory data:

general blood test (leukocytosis with a neutrophilic shift to the left, acceleration of ESR during an exacerbation, during remission there are no changes in the blood test);
biochemical blood test (acute-phase indicators during the period of exacerbation, during remission there are no changes in the blood test);
inoculating material from the pharyngeal cavity on a nutrient medium to isolate group A β-hemolytic streptococcus;
determination of streptococcal antigen in smears using the agglutination method;
immunodiagnosis of elevated titers of antistreptococcal antibodies.

Treatment has several directions: eliminating the causes of the disease, relieving its symptoms, preventing exacerbations, as well as strengthening the immune system and restoring damaged tissues.

Treatment with antibiotics is almost always necessary for exacerbations of the chronic form of the disease. Systemic antibiotic therapy is required in cases where the symptoms of the disease are severe. In other cases, therapy with topical drugs (Bioparox, IRS-19, Imudon) is prescribed.
In addition to antibacterial therapy, patients are recommended to gargle with antiseptic and anti-inflammatory solutions and herbal decoctions (chamomile, sage). Tablets, lozenges and lozenges (Grammidin neo, Faringosept, Septolete) and sprays (Cameton, Strepsils, Hexoral), which contain anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, analgesic substances and essential oils, are also used to treat exacerbations of chronic pharyngitis.
Treatment may include gargling with herbal decoctions, such as calendula, sage, chamomile and some others. Medications can also be used: Rotocan, Chlorhexidine, Furacilin.
To strengthen the immune system, vitamin complexes and, in severe cases, immunomodulators are prescribed.
If a cough is tormented by pharyngitis, then it is necessary to use effective and safe plant-based syrups such as Gerbion, Bronchipred, Eucabal, plantain syrup from the Doctor Theis series. These medications have a good expectorant effect.
Mucolytic drugs - they thin out sputum. These include Bromhexine, Ambrobene, ACC, Lazolvan, Fluditec.

Traditional methods

Before you start using folk remedies, you should definitely consult an ENT doctor.

Herbal mixture: chamomile, calendula (flowers), sage, rose hips (fruits) are mixed in equal parts, 3 tablespoons of the mixture are poured into a liter of boiling water, infused for 60 minutes, then drunk as warm tea.
Thyme infusion has a good softening effect. Pour 200 ml of boiling water over a spoonful of herbs, leave for 1.5 hours, and gargle.
For treatment, use fresh juices from carrots and potatoes, which are mixed in equal parts, add 1 spoon of honey and drink 0.5 cups per day.
Vegetable oil. For the atrophic form, the following folk treatment method is used: mix unrefined vegetable oil with salt. Lubricate the throat and neck from the front and sides with this mixture, massage twice a day.
Oil inhalations. Add 10 drops of oil (olive, peach, menthol, fir, sea buckthorn, lavender and orange oils) to a glass of boiling water. Breathe through a funnel-shaped tube (or through an inhaler) for 5-10 minutes 2 times a day.

harden the body;
in case of reduced immunity, use immunomodulators;
promptly treat diseases of the nasopharynx, rhinitis, sinusitis, teeth and gums;
eliminate, or at least reduce, the impact of harmful environmental factors (smoke, dust, dry, cold or hot air);
stop smoking;
eat rationally and balanced, remove excessively salty, spicy, sour foods from the diet, have dinner 2-3 hours before bedtime;
If nasal breathing is impaired, restore it in time and try not to use vasoconstrictors.

Chronic pharyngitis must be treated without fail to avoid complications affecting other organs. Be sure to consult a doctor for an accurate diagnosis and treatment.

How to cure chronic pharyngitis?

Chronic pharyngitis can be classified by type:

Catarrhal. It usually affects smokers with many years of experience and those who constantly have to inhale harmful gases. A characteristic symptom is swelling of the mucous membrane. In rare cases, mucus appears on the back of the throat.
Hypertrophic. The mucous membrane and lymph nodes increase in size. Mucus accumulates, which causes bad breath and cough.
Atrophic. The condition of the mucous membrane is seriously deteriorating, it is becoming thinner. The mucus that forms hardens, makes it difficult to swallow, and comes off when you cough.

Pharyngitis from the inside

Attention: when the disease takes an acute form, the symptoms become more pronounced. The cough gets worse and it hurts to swallow. Possible fever and enlarged lymph nodes.

Types of chronic pharyngitis

Acute pharyngitis becomes chronic not only due to untimely provision of medical care or its ignoring. A change in the stage of the disease can be provoked by other factors:

smoking and alcohol abuse;
diseases of the endocrine system;
abuse of vasoconstrictor sprays and drops against the runny nose;
removal of tonsils;
constant consumption of foods that irritate the throat (hot, cold, spicy, sour);
allergic reaction;
diseases of the nasopharynx (tonsillitis, etc.);
diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, in which acid rises up and onto the mucous membranes.

Causes of pharyngitis

Important: Chronic pharyngitis is also provoked by unfavorable environmental factors. These include gases, dry air, etc. People living in desert and steppe climates are susceptible to upper respiratory tract diseases.

Signs of chronic pharyngitis include:

Dry cough. It can be both frequent and rare. Sometimes with chronic pharyngitis it is paroxysmal in nature.
Feeling of dryness in the mouth. This symptom is observed in patients with chronic pharyngitis, even if salivation is normal.
Thirst. The sensation may be present even after drinking drinks.
Unpleasant sensation in the throat. “Lump”, object, soreness, pain – all this characterizes this symptom.

Attention: with chronic pharyngitis, the patient is bothered by mucus on the back wall of the larynx. Consequently, he periodically swallows it.

Seeing a doctor to determine an accurate diagnosis is necessary, as the symptoms are similar to other diseases. Diagnosis of the disease will involve an examination in the office of an ENT doctor. The specialist takes into account complaints and performs pharyngoscopy.

Important: in some cases, it is necessary to obtain a pharyngeal swab in order to determine the causative agent of the disease.

The first measure that should be taken during treatment is the elimination of all irritants. Alcohol and cigarettes are contraindicated. It is also necessary to limit exposure to toxic gases.

Treatment of catarrhal pharyngitis

There are several groups of medications that can be used to treat chronic pharyngitis:

Lollipops. Faringosept, Doctor Mom, Septolete, Septogal and Falimint eliminate pain and facilitate the swallowing process. There is no specific frequency of use - it is recommended to dissolve one tablet if discomfort occurs in the throat. If the instructions indicate a maximum daily dose, it must be taken into account.
Sprays. Inhalipt, Cameton, Hexoral, Tantum Verde, Lugol are medications in the form of aerosols that prevent coughing attacks and soothe irritated mucous membranes. They should be used several times a day (ten to fifteen one dose) after meals.
Treatment of the hypertrophic form of pharyngitis
Solutions. You need to gargle with a solution of Chlorhexidine, Chlorophyllipt, Furacilin, Iodinol or Miramistin once or twice a day. Each drug has individual instructions for creating a solution attached to it.
Anti-cough medications. Stoptussin (dosage depends on body weight) and Sinekod (fifteen milliliters three times a day) are suitable medications that suppress coughing attacks. Neo-Codion, Tercodin and Codelac should be taken one tablet three times a day.

Treatment of the atrophic form of pharyngitis

Important: Along with the necessary medications, you can purchase vitamin complexes at the pharmacy. Their use will have a positive effect on the immune system, and will also help restore the body after taking medications.

You can improve your well-being with chronic pharyngitis using folk remedies:

Blackberry. A decoction of its leaves (one hundred grams per liter of water) is suitable for inhalation. The fruits can be consumed in their pure form.
Cocoa butter. It must be mixed with milk and honey. Half a teaspoon of butter per glass of milk will be enough.
Salt compress. Sea salt needs to be heated in a frying pan so that it is warm. Next, you should wrap it in gauze and wrap a compress around your neck. The holding time is a quarter of an hour. It is advisable to apply a compress before going to bed. After exposure, you need to wrap your neck with a terry towel.
Honey compress. It needs to be prepared in almost the same way as the previous one, only in this case the honey is heated in the microwave. You need to put cellophane between the honey and gauze so as not to get dirty. The exposure time is twenty minutes. It is recommended to use once a day.
Gargling with herbs. Sage and chamomile are suitable options. They must be used dry. Add a large spoonful of herb to a glass of boiling water, cool, strain and gargle. For best results, you need to repeat the procedure five times a day.

Physiotherapy– a suitable method for treating chronic pharyngitis. It involves these procedures:

electrophoresis;
magnetic therapy;
ultraviolet;
inductothermy.

Catarrhal	The main measure is to clear the throat of mucus. Firstly, it is necessary to rinse with antiseptics (one Furacilin tablet in a glass of water three times a day). Secondly, you need to lubricate your throat with Lugol's solution in glycerin. Thirdly, it is advisable to use sprays (irrigation with Kameton several times a day)
Hypertrophic	It is necessary to cauterize the lymphoid tissue in a hospital setting. Usually the process is carried out by cryotherapy or electrocoagulation
Atrophic	Inhalation of special enzymes or potassium solution is required. The doctor selects drugs that improve the process of mucus secretion

Coagulation of hypertrophic lateral ridges of the pharynx with a laser beam

If the disease was caused by pathogenic bacteria, antibiotic therapy is required. Penicillins, cephalosporins and macrolides are suitable. The dosage is determined by a specialist.

Important: Don't expect quick results. Treatment of chronic pharyngitis is a long process.

The choice of antibacterial agents for pharyngitis

In order to prevent the occurrence of chronic pharyngitis, you need to follow simple rules:

Start treatment only after visiting your doctor's office. Consultation with a specialist before using the medications you have chosen is necessary.
Stop smoking and drinking alcohol. Alcohol-containing drinks irritate the walls of the throat, and cigarette smoke has a detrimental effect on the entire respiratory system.
Eat right. Monitor the temperature of food and do not get carried away with foods that irritate the mouth and throat.
Use vasoconstrictors for runny nose only when necessary. These medications are addictive. Abuse of them is fraught with deterioration of the mucous membranes.
Use protective masks and respirators if it is not possible to limit exposure to harmful gases. This is especially important for those who have to work with hazardous substances.
Humidify the air in your home. If you live in a dry climate, use humidifiers.

The influence of external factors on the pharyngeal mucosa

Important: Carefully monitor your health and strengthen your immune system. The likelihood of chronic pharyngitis in healthy people is lower than in those who suffer from various diseases.

Chronic pharyngitis is an inflammatory process that occurs in the mucous membrane of the pharynx. Chronic pharyngitis is the result of inadequate treatment of acute inflammation, or the result of the negative impact of a number of other pathogenic factors.

Chronic pharyngitis is usually divided into catarrhal, hypertrophic (granular and lateral) and atrophic pharyngitis.

Symptoms of chronic pharyngitis

Diagnosis of chronic pharyngitis

Treatment of chronic pharyngitis

Causes of chronic pharyngitis

The causes of chronic pharyngitis are varied, but there is almost always prolonged irritation of the pharyngeal mucosa.

Among the etiological factors leading to chronic inflammation are:

Acute recurrent inflammation of the pharynx, tonsils, nose and paranasal sinuses caused by viruses or bacteria. This includes rhinitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis. In addition to the fact that there is a source of inflammation in the upper respiratory tract, vasoconstrictor drops used to reduce catarrhal phenomena have an additional irritating effect on the back wall of the pharynx.

Prolonged disruption of nasal breathing, which contributes to drying out of the pharyngeal mucosa.

Hypothermia, both local and the body as a whole.

Unfavorable environmental conditions in the area of residence (gas pollution, high concentration of harmful emissions, smoke, etc.).

Occupational hazards include dry and hot air, high concentrations of cement and clay (porcelain industry), flour (flour milling), etc. in the inhaled air.

Constitutional features of the structure of the upper respiratory tract, contributing to the development of inflammatory processes in them.

Hemodynamic disorders in the upper respiratory tract caused by diseases of the cardiovascular system.

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, in which there is a constant reflux of the acidic contents of the stomach into the esophagus, which causes irritation of the mucous membrane of the pharynx. These may be diseases such as reflux esophagitis, gastritis, hiatal hernia, etc.

Hormonal and endocrine disorders.

Dental caries. Stomatitis and gingivitis can also provoke the development of inflammation.

Failure of the immune system.

Allergic diseases.

Alcohol abuse.

The predominance of spicy, very hot or very cold foods in the diet.

Chronic infections, such as tuberculosis.

Injuries received during surgery or when a foreign body enters the pharyngeal cavity.

Symptoms of chronic pharyngitis

Symptoms of chronic pharyngitis are reduced to soreness, rawness, tickling and other uncomfortable sensations in the throat, which intensify during swallowing. The clinical picture of pharyngitis will be influenced by the form of the disease, somewhat modifying the manifestations of inflammation.

Symptoms of catarrhal chronic pharyngitis

In the catarrhal form of the disease, diffuse venous hyperemia is detected, the mucous membrane becomes pasty, as small veins dilate and blood stagnates in them. As a rule, all parts of the pharynx are affected by inflammation; the auditory tubes and excretory ducts of the paranasal sinuses are often involved in the pathological process.

A feeling of soreness and soreness in the throat, which intensifies when swallowing.

Sensation of a foreign body in the throat, which is not an obstacle to the passage of food and liquid. But at the same time, such a feeling of discomfort makes the patient swallow more often.

Thick, mucous sputum accumulates in the throat, causing the person to cough all the time. The cough becomes more pronounced in the morning. During exacerbations of chronic catarrhal pharyngitis, cough may be accompanied by nausea and even vomiting.

The mucous membrane of the throat, uvula and soft palate are thickened. On the pharynx, areas covered with mucus or mucopurulent secretion are visible. Some groups of follicles are increased in size.

Symptoms of hypertrophic pharyngitis

As for the hypertrophic form of the disease, with it all layers of the mucous membrane of the pharynx thicken, and it itself becomes denser and thicker. Lymphatic and blood vessels dilate. Most often, the hypertrophic process occurs as granulosa pharyngitis, when the mucous membrane of the posterior pharyngeal wall is affected. In some cases, the lateral walls of the pharynx are involved in the pathological process (lateral hypertrophic pharyngitis). In this case, the follicles unite with the infected lymphoid ridges of the pharynx, which creates the impression of the presence of additional posterior arches.

As for the complaints made by patients, they are as follows:

Severe sore throat, reminiscent of scratching.

A pronounced sensation of the presence of a foreign body in the throat.

Frequent swallowing of saliva with the help of which a person tries to get rid of an obstacle.

Mucopurulent discharge flowing down the back wall of the pharynx becomes very viscous and forms crusts that are separated with great difficulty.

A severe cough is also observed due to the fact that crusts of dried mucus irritate the nerve endings of the laryngeal nerve.

Symptoms of atrophic pharyngitis

The mucous membrane of the pharynx in the atrophic form of the disease is very thin and excessively dry. If the disease is acute, the pharynx looks shiny and varnished. The size of the mucous glands is reduced, the epithelial covering of the pharynx peels off in small scales.

Among the complaints that patients make:

Severe dryness in the throat, which comes to the fore, prevailing over other symptoms.

There is difficulty swallowing food and liquids. An empty sip is especially painful.

An unpleasant odor emanates from the patients' mouth.

Often during a conversation a person has the desire to take a sip of water.

It is worth noting that the symptoms, even with minor lesions of the mucous membrane of the throat, can be quite pronounced, and with advanced processes they can be very scarce.

If relapses often occur after severe or untreated acute inflammation of the pharynx, then one may suspect that chronic pharyngitis has developed. Pathogenesis and clinical manifestations depend on. But, in any case, the epithelium and vascular walls experience serious changes. The peculiarity of the disease is that the process in 90% of cases is localized in only one part of the pharynx - upper, middle or lower.

In childhood, a disease such as chronic pharyngitis is very rare, since children practically do not encounter negative factors that aggravate inflammation. Adults are more likely to come into contact with chemicals, work in hazardous industries and have pathologies of other organs. All this, and many other factors, can provoke the transition of acute inflammation into a chronic course, and cause frequent relapses.

Is chronic pharyngitis transmitted?

Chronic pharyngitis is usually not contagious. Even during relapses that do not occur under the influence of viral pathogens, the disease is not dangerous to others.

The disease becomes contagious only in one case - if it is associated with a viral or bacterial infection that is transmitted from person to person. But even if you become infected from a sick person, it is not necessary that the process will spread to the larynx; the infectious process can affect the nasal cavity, bronchi or lungs.

Differences between acute and chronic pharyngitis

Both forms of the disease have their own distinctive features. In the first case, pronounced signs are observed, an increase in body temperature and a significant deterioration in condition are possible. Acute pain radiates to the ears, and inflammation covers the surrounding tissues.

Symptoms of chronic pharyngitis are usually mild, hardly bother the patient, do not affect hearing, body temperature rarely rises and, mainly, when an infection is attached. The pain is almost unnoticeable, but there is a sensation of a lump or foreign body. The patient’s condition practically does not worsen and does not disrupt the usual way of life.

Almost always accompanied by respiratory infections or a complication thereof. An exacerbation of the disease usually develops independently, but in people with pathological disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, stomach acids affect the larynx, causing irritation.

Reasons for the transition of pharyngitis to chronic form

Acute inflammation in the throat occurs for various reasons, but most often the disease is the result of untreated viral infections - mononucleosis, herpes and others. Less commonly, pathology is provoked by mechanical damage, allergies, mycotic and bacterial infections.

Chronic pharyngitis in almost all cases develops if the previous illness was treated inappropriately. But, in addition to this, secondary factors are necessary that irritate the epithelium of the larynx or reduce immunity.

Reasons for the transition of acute inflammation to chronic:

severe course of the acute form, accompanied by complications;
disruptions in the immune system, including while taking immunosuppressants;
alcohol abuse, nicotine addiction;
the presence of other diseases of the ENT organs;
severe pathologies - glomerulonephritis, diabetes mellitus, vascular disorders, renal and heart failure;
dysfunction of the thyroid gland;
vitamin deficiencies;
long-term use of vasoconstrictor drops, taking cytostatics;
regular inhalation of chemical fumes;
irritation of the larynx with food;
unfavorable environment, polluted air;
hypothermia of the body;
abnormal structure of the upper respiratory tract;
allergic reactions;
stressful situations;
physical fatigue.

The cause of chronic pharyngitis is often professional characteristics. Teachers, announcers, singers, and theater actors are most susceptible to damage to the pharynx, since their ligaments are regularly strained, which provokes irritation and high sensitivity of the mucous membrane.

Based on morphological changes in the larynx, three types of pathology are distinguished. The easiest and most common is, it also has a favorable prognosis. It is characterized by damage to the upper layer of the epithelium and mild swelling of the back wall of the throat.

When lymphoid tissue suffers the most. With constant inflammation, it begins to thicken, and the lymph nodes increase significantly in size. The vessels dilate greatly, and thick viscous mucus forms on the mucous membrane. A lateral hypertrophic type of pathology is separately distinguished, in which only lymphoid tissues located behind the palatine arches grow.

The most severe is chronic, in which the mucous membrane becomes very thin. The glands responsible for secreting secretions atrophy, which leads to a dry throat. Gradually, the epithelium begins to peel off. Unlike other species, the color of the naked is not bright red, but pale pink or even white. As the process progresses, lymphoid tissue is replaced by fibrous tissue, vessels and nerve endings atrophy.

Symptoms and manifestations of chronic pharyngitis in children and adults

The course of the pathology alternates with periods of remissions and exacerbations. The frequency of symptoms depends on the state of a person’s immunity, but usually exacerbations occur in the autumn-winter period, when there is a particularly lack of vitamins and the human body is exposed to low temperatures.

The symptoms of chronic pharyngitis in children and adults are no different, but in childhood exacerbations appear much more often, which are more pronounced and the transition to the atrophic form occurs much faster. In addition, a child, unlike an adult, reacts to an exacerbation much more strongly.

Symptoms of catarrhal form:

a sore sensation when swallowing, which intensifies when swallowing;
mild discomfort, feeling of a lump in the throat;
excessive secretion in the throat;
dry cough, often turning into vomiting.

With the hypertrophic form, the above symptoms intensify. The slight soreness now resembles scratching, and the discharge flows down the back wall of the larynx, causing a painful cough. The cough is especially severe immediately after waking up, since during the night the discharge dries out, forming crusts. Due to severe swelling and tissue proliferation, the patient's voice becomes hoarse, and in the most severe cases, attacks of suffocation are observed.

During the transition to the atrophic form, constant dryness in the larynx is observed, accompanied by pain. When swallowing food and even liquids, swallowing problems occur. These symptoms become especially pronounced when the nerve endings atrophy. A characteristic symptom is the appearance of a putrid odor when breathing.

Attention! Usually during remission no characteristic signs are observed, but during atrophy the patient is constantly tormented by unpleasant symptoms.

Diagnosis of the disease

Diagnosing chronic pharyngitis is usually not difficult for an experienced doctor. The ENT doctor first collects anamnesis: asks how long ago the first symptoms appeared, how often exacerbations occur, and whether the patient has other pathologies. After the interview, the doctor performs pharyngoscopy - a visual examination of the pharynx.

Based on the localization of the process and morphological changes, the doctor makes a diagnosis and determines the type of disease. In addition to the examination, additional examinations may be required, usually a general and biochemical blood test, an immunogram. If an allergy is suspected, an analysis of the level of immunoglobulins and an allergy test is performed.

How and with what to treat chronic pharyngitis

Treatment of chronic pharyngitis is carried out in several ways - medicinal, surgical and non-traditional. The choice of treatment method depends on the form of inflammation and changes in the epithelium and lymphatic tissue.

For mild cases of the disease, only topical medications are needed:

Sprays: Orosept, Kameton, Ingalipt, Miramistin.
Tablets and lozenges: Faringosept, Neo-angin, Strepsils, Septolete.
For lubricating the mucous membrane: Protargol, Iodinol, Collargol, Bicarmint.
Rinse: , Chlorophyllipt, Rotokan.

Medicines with an expectorant effect are prescribed for better mucus removal. The most effective means:

Ambrobene.
Lazolvan.
Erispirus.
Dry mixture.

If atrophic chronic pharyngitis is accompanied by excruciating pain, a blockade with Novocaine or Prozerin is used for treatment. The medicine is injected into the tissues of the larynx to stop the pathological process, improve trophism and normalize blood circulation.

For severe swelling, the doctor prescribes antihistamines. They reduce the degree of swelling and reduce soreness. These include: Loratadine, Zodak, Fenistil.

Antibacterial or antiviral drugs are prescribed if an infection is associated with inflammation of the pharynx. Most often used - , . If it is necessary to take, then preference is given to penicillins or macrolides - Flemoxin, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin.

For chronic pharyngitis, physiotherapy is required. The most effective methods for restoring the epithelium are ultraviolet irradiation, electrophoresis, and ultrasound treatment.

Surgical intervention is required for hypertrophic and atrophic forms if drug therapy has failed. The most effective methods are cauterization with liquid nitrogen and laser excision.

Important! In children, the cause of chronic pharyngitis is often the adenoids, so recovery requires their removal, and in case of more extensive damage, removal of the tonsils.

Traditional methods of treating chronic pharyngitis

For mild cases, traditional medicine recipes can help. Treatment of chronic pharyngitis with these methods is effective, but requires much more time than therapy with traditional means.

The most effective recipes:

Place a glass of chopped garlic in a small saucepan and pour honey. Keep over low heat, stirring constantly until the garlic softens. After 30 minutes, put it on the fire again, pour in 50 ml. water and keep it on the water for about 30 minutes. Take a spoonful every hour.
In 50 ml. propolis tincture add 5-7 drops of tea tree oil. Use to lubricate the mucous membrane 3-4 times a day.
Squeeze the juice from aloe leaves and mix with water in equal proportions. Gargle with the product several times a day.
Dissolve a spoonful of sea salt in half a liter of warm water. Strain through cheesecloth and use for rinsing.
Lubricate the mucous membrane with peach, olive or sea buckthorn oil.
For atrophy, it is useful to drink 2 cups of horsetail or knotweed decoction a day.
Breathe over the vapors of boiled potatoes, chamomile infusion, thyme or oregano.
Use an infusion of leaves of coltsfoot, eucalyptus, mint or plantain for rinsing.

To quickly cure chronic pharyngitis and strengthen the immune system, you need to introduce freshly squeezed juices, herbs, fruits and berries into your diet. Therapy involves drinking large amounts of warm liquid – fruit drinks, compotes, warmed milk.

Informative video: How to treat pharyngitis with folk remedies

Possible complications and consequences of chronic pharyngitis

Complications of chronic pharyngitis are divided into local and systemic. The first include diseases of the ENT organs of various nature:

adenoiditis;

To prevent the development of complications with chronic inflammation of the larynx, it is necessary to consult a specialist as soon as possible and undergo the prescribed treatment. Particular attention should be paid to strengthening the immune system and promptly treating other diseases.

Forecast

If you eliminate all provoking factors and begin to treat chronic pharyngitis at the initial stage of development, you can achieve a complete recovery and no longer fear relapses. The prognosis of the disease is unfavorable if it becomes atrophic, or if the pharyngeal epithelium is regularly exposed to irritants.

Informative video: What is pharyngitis and how to treat it

Treatment of acute pharyngitis should begin with the exclusion of irritating (hot, cold, sour, spicy, salty, etc.) foods and carbonated drinks. Among the priority prescriptions are also a ban on smoking, alcohol, and a recommendation to maintain voice mode.

The chronic form can be the result of problems with the gastrointestinal tract, and is also associated with frequent nasal congestion and forced breathing through the mouth. Treatment of pharyngitis includes a balanced diet, thermal procedures - for example, foot baths, warm compresses (if body temperature is not elevated). The influence of negative factors that provoke the development of the disease should be eliminated if possible. For pharyngitis, inhalations and regular rinsing are indicated. Various lozenges do not have high enough activity, so they will be most effective for mild forms of the disease.

Treatment of pharyngitis with medicinal methods

Local treatment of pharyngitis consists of prescribing drugs that have antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects. For rinsing, infusions of sage, chamomile, a combination of extracts of calendula officinalis flowers, chamomile flowers and yarrow herbs are widely used: hexethidine, benzyldimethyl, myristoylamino-propillamonium, eucalyptus rodum, etc. Spraying the pharynx with various aerosols is effective for the infectious nature of the disease: fusafungin, propolis , dexamethasone + neomycin + polymyxin B, povidone-iodine + allantoin, biclotymol, stopangin, benzydamine. Various local antiseptics are used in the form of tablets (antiangin, amylmetacresol + dichlorobenzyl alcohol, ambazone, etc.), lozenges (dyclonine), lozenges or dragees (strepsils, acetylaminonitro-propopenbenzene) for resorption in the mouth. Typically, tablets, lozenges or lozenges have relatively low activity and are prescribed for mild forms of the disease.

Preparations that contain iodine (povidone-iodine, povidone-iodine + allantoin), as well as those containing herbal antiseptics and essential oils (rotocan, septolete), although effective, are contraindicated for those suffering from allergies. The number of such patients in some geographic areas is up to 20% or more. The choice of the optimal local antibacterial agent is determined by the spectrum of its antimicrobial activity and the absence of allergenic and toxic effects. However, in some cases, even the most effective local drugs do not completely replace the need for systemic antibacterial therapy, especially with a combination of pharyngitis and sore throat caused by beta-hemolytic streptococcus. Systemic antibiotic therapy is indicated to prevent purulent complications and descending infection in cases of severe general reaction with high fever. The drugs of choice in such cases are antibiotics of the penidylline group, macrolides, and cephalosporins.

On the other hand, due to the nonbacterial nature of many forms of the disease, the emergence of an increasing number of resistant strains of bacteria, as well as the undesirable effects of general antibiotic therapy, local administration of drugs with a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity is in many cases the method of choice.

In the treatment of acute pharyngitis, immunomodulators are also used: mixture of bacterial lysates, etc. They activate phagocytosis, promote the attraction of immunocompetent cells to the site of inflammation, and increase the content of lysozyme and secretory IgA in saliva. If necessary, immunomodulators combine well with local or systemic antibiotics, helping to shorten recovery time and maintain local immune defense, which is especially important during antibiotic therapy; for the allergic nature of pharyngitis, antihistamines are prescribed.

Treatment of chronic pharyngitis often begins with the sanitation of chronic foci of infection and the area of the upper respiratory tract.

A local therapeutic effect on the mucous membrane of the pharynx is effective in order to cleanse it of mucus and crusts. Inhalation therapy has become widespread: warm inhalations are prescribed in the form of a coarse aerosol of a decoction of chamomile flowers, sage leaves, eucalyptus, alkaline mineral water in combination with rosehip oils, sea buckthorn, etc. For hypertrophic forms, rinsing with warm 0.9-1% sodium chloride is used. The same solution can be inhaled and sprayed into the pharynx. In recent years, seawater preparations have been successfully used for this purpose.

Reduces swelling of the mucous membrane by lubricating the back of the pharynx with 3-5% silver nitrate, 3-5% silver proteinate, 5-10% tannin-glycerol. Large granules on the back and side walls of the pharynx can be effectively removed using cold exposure, laser evaporation, ultrasonic disintegration, cauterization with concentrated 30-40% silver nitrate, polycresulene.

Preparations containing herbal antiseptics and essential oils are considered effective. It should be noted that such drugs are contraindicated for people who have an allergic reaction to pollen.

In the treatment of pharyngitis, drugs such as strepsils, septolete, lisobakt, decatylene, etc. can be used. The herbal spray anginal has a powerful antiseptic effect (also available in the form of lozenges).

During treatment, a balanced diet is recommended to avoid irritation of the pharyngeal mucosa. As with other types of respiratory tract diseases, it is recommended to drink plenty of fluids, take vitamin complexes, regular rinses, tea with jam, honey, etc.

In most cases, topical antiseptic drugs are used to treat pharyngitis, and only if the disease is caused by a bacterial infection, a doctor may prescribe oral antibiotics.

Rinse solutions should be warm, not hot. For these purposes, you can use furatsilin, soda, salt, decoctions of sage, chamomile, eucalyptus, rotokan, chlorophyllipt, etc. Alcohol compresses are also used for pharyngitis on the neck area (should not be higher than 40 degrees so as not to burn the skin). Gauze or a diaper can be moistened, for example, with vodka, and a warm scarf should be tied on top. During the treatment period, smoking is contraindicated, and hypothermia must also be avoided.

Chronic pharyngitis has a slightly different nature of treatment. In addition to rinsing and drinking plenty of warm drinks, physiotherapy (phonophoresis, inhalations, UHF) is practiced, and the throat is treated with Lugol.

Treatment of atrophic pharyngitis includes daily removal of mucopurulent discharge and crusts from the surface of the mucous membrane of the pharynx. For this purpose, use rinsing with 0.9-1% sodium chloride with the addition of 4-5 drops of a 5% alcohol solution of iodine per 200 ml of liquid. The use of sea water preparations is also effective here. Systematic and long-term irrigation of the pharynx with these solutions relieves irritation of the mucous membrane and reduces the severity of symptoms. If there is an abundance of dry crusts, inhalations of proteolytic enzymes are carried out (6-10 days), followed by inhalations of vegetable oils containing retinol, tocopherol acetate, and ascorbic acid. For subatrophic pharyngitis, gargling with B.S. solution gives a good effect. Preobrazhensky (70% ethyl alcohol, glycerin and mint water in equal parts; 1 tsp, mixture per 1/2 cup of boiled water) after meals 3-4 times a day.

Periodically, courses are carried out to lubricate the pharyngeal mucosa with 0.5% Lugol with glycerin. Other compositions are also possible for application to the mucous membrane of the pharynx - olive, peach, rosehip oils. However, with atrophic pharyngitis, drying agents that inhibit gland secretion should be avoided. In particular, the use of sodium bicarbonate is inadvisable, since it reduces the activity of gland secretion, as well as eucalyptus, sea buckthorn and menthol oils, since they have a drying effect. The use of novocaine blockades in the lateral sections of the posterior wall of the pharynx has a positive effect.

Patients who have gastroesophageal reflux and chronic pharyngitis are treated under the supervision of a gastroenterologist.

One of the likely causes of persistent chronic pharyngitis may be intestinal dysbiosis, as a result of which it is advisable to recommend the patient to study the intestinal microflora and, if necessary, carry out treatment (hilak forte, bactisubtil, etc.).

Considering the fact that the cause of the development of chronic pharyngitis may be endocrine and hormonal disorders, diseases of the cardiovascular system, lungs, renal failure, the participation of appropriate specialists (endocrinologist, cardiologist, pulmonologist, nephrologist, etc.) may be required in the treatment of the patient.

Physiotherapy methods include electrophoresis on the submandibular area with 3-5% potassium iodide, infrared laser exposure on the mucous membrane of the posterior pharyngeal wall and submandibular lymph nodes, mud or paraffin applications on the submandibular area. In the treatment of chronic atrophic pharyngitis, electrophoresis of 0.5% nicotinic acid is indicated on the submandibular area (procedure duration 15-10 minutes, 20 procedures per course of treatment).

Treatment of pharyngitis with surgical methods

In case of chronic pharyngitis, therapeutic measures are carried out to restore nasal breathing (adenotomy, treatment of sinusitis and hypertrophic rhinitis, polypotomy, septoplasty, etc.). When chronic pharyngitis and chronic tonsillitis are combined, the question of the advisability of surgical treatment of tonsillitis in each specific case is decided individually. The pathological secretion leaking from the lumen of the tonsillar lacunae causes constant irritation of the pharyngeal mucosa and maintains its chronic inflammation. Therefore, toneillectomy is indicated, but it should be taken into account that in the postoperative period, some patients in the coming months and even years after surgery experience, to varying degrees, pronounced subatrophic changes in the pharyngeal mucosa.