In the modern world, people cannot do without communication, a person spends most of his time in society: at work in the office, in the family, with friends. And for effective and rich communication there is speech. Any public activity is not complete without it, and there are also many professions where communication skills are needed: teachers, lawyers, journalists and politicians, etc.

There are two people involved in a conversation: the one who listens and the one who speaks. Moreover, the peculiarity of communication is such that people constantly change roles for a more effective conversation. A successful conversation always requires a topic and knowledge of the language.

A person's personality is formed in the process of communication, upbringing, education; that is why its importance is so great. With the help of speech, we can discuss our goals, plans, dreams, share our experiences. Communication is the air for a person. It helps to organize joint work, build a person's personal life, and enjoy intelligent conversation. Humanity began to progress along with the development of speech.

A person's personality is formed through communication. Through other people, developed, educated, erudite and emotionally mature, we receive important information about the world around us, which forms our worldview and helps us become cultured, educated, morally developed and civilized people. From birth, we develop our cognitive skills. There are many examples when a person is not brought up in a society of people. Children who have fallen into wolf packs and have been brought up there for a long time will no longer be able to adapt to human society. Outwardly, of course, they look like a person, but internally they are more like an animal, they are mentally undeveloped and it is already impossible to re-educate them. Successful socialization is another invaluable function of communication.

Thus, the following conclusions can be drawn:

• Communication is an integral part of human life. The influence of public opinion on us proves this. There are also many ways to influence people on each other, for example, hypnosis, blackmail, fashion, suggestion.
• communication is a need, it is the goal of relationships with other people.
• communication is a source of knowledge and understanding of others.

If a person's communication is complete, then he feels satisfied and happy, this contributes to the development of his capabilities, self-realization and success. If a person, on the contrary, communicates little, withdraws into himself, then he develops an inferiority complex in himself, deprives himself of useful information and new opportunities, the general mental state of a person worsens. Thus, the importance of communication in human life is very great.

Features of communication

1. Communication, of course, brings joy and happiness, communicating with your loved ones, your soulmate, interesting creative people - all this makes our life full. Communication with nature and art gives us harmony and peace of mind.
2. The medal has two sides. Communication can bring disappointment, sadness, and depression. That is why so many dramas have been written dedicated to the feelings and experiences of the hero.
3. Neutral communication, which is indispensable, is a significant part of everyday life. But there is an alternative - festive communication, without which it is difficult to imagine the life of any person.

Now you see that communication plays a huge role in our lives, and therefore it is necessary to master the skills of effective communication. Learn to understand people, adequately perceive their positions without prejudice and prejudice. The circle of people with whom you communicate directly depends on your psychological and emotional maturity.

Communication is the central basic category and problem of psychological science and is considered by it comprehensively: as a need and condition of human life, as interaction and mutual influence, as a kind of exchange of relationships and empathy, as mutual knowledge and activity. Communication can be defined as the broadest category for all types of communicative, informational and other contacts of people, including simple forms of interaction such as presence.

The moral and psychological properties of people that characterize them as subjects of communication are already noted in the sayings of the ancient Chinese thinker Confucius and the ancient Greek philosophers Socrates, Plato, Aristotle and others, as well as in the statements of thinkers of subsequent historical eras.

So, Confucius (551-479 BC) drew attention to such moral qualities of a person that make him pleasant and useful in communication, as a sense of duty in relation to other people, respect for them, especially those older in age, compliance with the norms and rules of behavior established in society which helps to maintain order and harmony in society.

The ancient Greek philosopher Socrates (469-339 BC) substantiated the doctrine of moral standards and the moral consciousness of people as the main factor in their communication with each other.

Socrates' disciple Plato (427-347 BC) believed that communication between people should be built on the basis of such virtues as justice, prudence, piety, and observance of moral standards. He paid attention to the ways of conducting a conversation, reflected many subtleties of the dialogues of different interlocutors, showed the dependence of the direction of people's thinking on the nature and content of communication.

Many ideas of thinkers of past eras are directly related to the problem of interpersonal communication between people, including business communication. So one of the fundamental provisions of the theory of interpersonal communication indicates that various kinds of mental states of people are largely determined by the content of moral consciousness and, as it were, contain it. Therefore, the study of the psychology of business communication involves understanding from the position of today that theoretical heritage from the field of psychology, which can contribute to a deeper understanding of the problems related to it.

A lot for the psychology of interpersonal communication is given by the studies of the psychology of the masses by G. Lebon (1841-1931). Living in a society, a person is faced with the influence of the "crowd" and becomes a participant in mass gatherings. All this has a psychological impact on him, including as a subject of activity and communication with other people.

Kurt Lewin (1890-1947) created a “field theory”, which, in his opinion, should explain the relevant moments in the relationship of a person and the environment in which his life activity is carried out, as well as in the relationship of people with each other. The merits of K. Levin include a deep experimental study of the motivational side of people's behavior, the study of such problems as team leadership styles, types of conflicts, ways to resolve them, etc.

The psychoanalysis of S. Freud (1856-1939) and his followers had a significant impact on research in the field of personality psychology, its behavior and interpersonal communication. Freud came to the conclusion that human behavior is influenced not only by his rational thinking, but also by irrational manifestations of the psyche. We are talking about various kinds of psychological impulses and inclinations aimed at satisfying human instincts. Human drives under the influence of moral, religious and other restrictions and prohibitions are forced out into the unconscious. However, they "make themselves felt", continue to act without the knowledge of the person. Hence the problem of "unconscious urges" that affect people's behavior in a certain way. The analysis of these motives and, in general, the problems of the unconscious opens up a lot for understanding people's behavior, their interpersonal relationships and communication with each other.

The followers of Z. Freud, primarily A. Adler, K. Jung, K. Horney, E. Fromm, W. Reich, and some others substantiated the influence of not only psychophysiological, but also social factors on the formation and behavior of a person. So, A. Adler (1870-1937) studied the unconscious desire for power as the main motivation of people, manifested in their interpersonal relationships, family, social associations, etc. K. Jung (1875-1961) developed the concept of the "collective unconscious", influencing the relations of social groups.

Symbolic interactionism (T. Mead, A. Rose, T. Shibutani, etc.) takes the corresponding symbols or “meaningful actions” as initial acts of communication between people, which can be verbal and non-verbal means of communication (communication), including including facial expressions, visual contacts, voice intonation, gestures, other movements and actions. T. Sorbin, R. Linton, E. Hoffman and others reduce interpersonal communication of people to the realization of their social roles. This, in their opinion, determines the content and direction of communication of social subjects.

Domestic psychologists consider the category of communication within the framework of the activity approach and cultural-historical theory. S.L. Rubinstein (1889-1960) analyzed the role of people's activity and communication in the functioning of their psyche. The human psyche develops only in the process of interaction with society, in the process of his mental activity in the spiritual development of reality, the transfer of external objective activity into an internal, ideal plan (internalization).

A major role in the study of these problems belongs to L.S. Vygotsky (1896-1934). He developed a cultural-historical theory of the development of the psyche and believed that the functioning and development of the human psyche reflected two main plans for his activity and behavior: natural, associated with the satisfaction of his biological needs, and cultural, associated with various forms of his social activity and behavior.

Ideas S.L. Rubinstein and L.S. Vygotsky received their creative development in the works of A.N. Leontiev, G.M. Andreeva, A.R. Luria, B.G. Ananiev and others, where we are talking about understanding the images that arise in the process of people's perception of each other; their mental actions, in the process of which the transformation of external actions into internal ones takes place; motivation, expressed in people's motives, giving their actions "orientation, selectivity and swiftness", etc. all this is directly related to the psychology of business communication, like the concept of V.N. Myasishchev about "mental" or "psychological" relationships between people.

Psychological relations as a system of conscious selective connections of the individual with the objects of the external world follow "from the entire history of human development", express his personal experience and internally determine actions and experiences. As elements of psychological relations, the motives of people's activities, their will, needs, interests, goals, etc. are characterized.

Communication- the process of transmitting information, carried out with the help of signs, speech, symbols, involving people's understanding of each other.

Interaction- a specially organized process that proceeds in accordance with certain rules and norms (the simplest example is a handshake).

The analysis of communication as an interaction presents significant difficulties. In general, the separation of the three sides of communication - perception, communication and interaction is possible only as a method of analysis: with all diligence, it is impossible to single out "pure" communication, without perception and interaction, or "pure" perception.

Communication- this is a form of activity carried out between people as equal partners and leading to the emergence of psychological contact, manifested in the exchange of information, mutual influence, mutual experience and understanding. Psychological contact provides in communication empathy, mutual exchange of emotions.

Without communication, we would not be who we are. Only in communication with other people does personal development occur. If from birth a person was deprived of the opportunity to communicate with people, he would not become a civilized, culturally and morally developed person, he would be doomed to the end of his life, to remain a semi-animal, only outwardly, anatomically and physiologically resembling a person. This is evidenced by numerous facts described in the literature, “Mowgli children”, who grew up among animals, only outwardly resembled a person, they did not have upright posture, subtle manipulations of the hand, there was no human facial expressions, there was a general underdevelopment of mental processes and speech.

Communication serves to establish a commonality between people, regulates their joint activities, is an instrument of knowledge and the basis of consciousness for an individual; Finally, communication serves the self-determination of the individual. To paraphrase a famous expression, you can say: "Tell me who you communicate with, and I will tell you who you are." Each of us acquires its main features through personal experience of communication, through direct contacts in the family, institute, on the street. This so-called microenvironment . Thanks to communication in the microenvironment and the contacts taking place here, each of us gets to know the social world more widely and communicates with it, i.e. is affected by the macro environment. macro environment is a society with its own science, culture, ideology, laws, social norms, etc. The meeting place of the micro- and macroenvironment, the line on which they interact, is small group where each of us lives.

BRANCH OF THE FEDERAL STATE AUTONOMOUS

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION

"KAZAN (VOLGA) FEDERAL UNIVERSITY" IN NABEREZHNY CHELNY

CHAIR OF PHILOSOPHY

Specialty: 150700.62 - Engineering

TEST

in the discipline "Psychological workshop" on the topic:

Communication, its importance in human life. Functions. Types and levels of communication»

Completed by: 3rd year student

departments of group 4331-h

Checked by: Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor

Burganova N.T.

Naberezhnye Chelny

Introduction

)Communication, definition

2) The value of communication in human life

)Communication functions

2) Types of communication

) Types and forms of communication

2) Phases and means of communication

Conclusion

List of used literature

Introduction

communication communication man

Communication plays a big role in people's lives and activities. In various forms of communication, people exchange the results of their activities, accumulated experience, mutual exchange of knowledge, judgments, ideas, ideas, interests, feelings, aspirations, needs and goals of people are coordinated, a psychological community is formed, mutual understanding is achieved. In the process of communication, a common program and a common strategy for joint activities are formed. Thanks to communication, the horizons of a person expand, the limitations of individual experience are overcome. Communication has an important place in human development.

Relationships and interactions can be regulated through communication, but their regulation is not limited to the use of communication. Specific means of communication are verbal and non-verbal, while specific means of building relationships and interactions are different. Relationships and interaction, in turn, affect communication, but their functioning is not limited to this influence, and their regulation is a special task. If we try to give a comprehensive definition of communication in small groups, then communication in a group is the exchange of information between its members to achieve mutual understanding in regulating relationships in the process of joint life and activity.

Communication is inextricably linked with the activities of people. This is recognized by all psychologists who consider communication from the standpoint of the activity approach. However, the nature of this relationship is understood differently. Some authors (A.N. Leontiev) consider communication to be a certain aspect of activity: it is included in any activity, then its elements, conditions.

Communication, definitions

Communication is a complex process of interaction between people, which consists in the exchange of information, as well as in the perception and understanding of each other by partners. The subjects of communication are living beings, people. In principle, communication is characteristic of any living beings, but only at the human level does the process of communication become conscious, connected by verbal and non-verbal acts. The person who transmits information is called the communicator, and the person who receives it is called the recipient.

Communication is of great importance in the formation of the human psyche, its development and the formation of reasonable, cultural behavior. Through communication with psychologically developed people, thanks to the wide opportunities for learning, a person acquires all his higher cognitive abilities and qualities. Through active communication with developed personalities, he himself turns into a personality. If from birth a person was deprived of the opportunity to communicate with people, he would never become a civilized, culturally and morally developed citizen, he would be doomed to remain a semi-animal until the end of his life, only outwardly, anatomically and physiologically resembling a person. This is evidenced by numerous; the facts described in the literature and showing that, being deprived of communication with their own kind, the human individual, even if he, as an organism, is completely preserved, nevertheless remains a biological being in his mental development. As an example, we can cite the conditions of people who are occasionally found among animals and who for a long period, especially in childhood, lived in isolation from civilized people or, already as adults, as a result of an accident, found themselves alone, isolated from their own kind for a long time ( e.g. after a shipwreck). Of particular importance for the mental development of the child is his communication with adults in the early stages of ontogenesis. At this time, he acquires all his human, mental and behavioral qualities almost exclusively through communication, since until the beginning of schooling, and even more definitely before the onset of adolescence, he is deprived of the ability to self-educate and self-educate. The mental development of a child begins with communication. This is the first type of social activity that arises in ontogenesis and thanks to which the infant receives the information necessary for his individual development.

The value of communication in human life

As noted earlier, communication and interpersonal relationships consist of processes that are often intertwined and mutually. Each process can be considered separately, since it has its own characteristics. These processes are the exchange of information between people (the communicative side of communication), the organization of interaction, the influence on other people (the interactive side of communication), the perception and mutual understanding of each other or the knowledge of oneself and the other (the perceptual side of communication). Let's consider them separately.

Communication is the exchange of information. The main goal of any communication process is to ensure the understanding of the information being exchanged. An important role is played by the significance of information, thanks to which the partners are trying to develop a common meaning, the same understanding of the situation. It should be noted that information in communication is not simply transmitted from one person (who is called a communicator or sender) to another (who is called a recipient or addresser), but is exchanged. The main purpose of such a communication process is to ensure an adequate understanding of the information that is being transmitted.

Message can be considered a method of communication intended for the transfer of information. With its help, certain information is transmitted from one person to another, both during direct communication (thanks to language, gestures, facial expressions), and through various means of mass communication. At the same time, it is useful to remember the commandment: "Do not start talking until you start thinking." In addition, it is advisable to comprehend not only the idea itself, but also how it will be perceived by people who become familiar with it.

Communication as interaction. With any act of communication, there is an exchange of not only knowledge, opinions, ideas, that is, information, but also actions, in particular, there will be a common strategy for interaction. Interaction is a process of direct or indirect influence of subjects on each other, generating the causality of their actions and interconnection. This process requires the activity and mutual orientation of the actions of those people who take part in it.

There are many types of interaction, and therefore several of their classifications. One of the most famous is the division into cooperation (cooperation) and competition (rivalry). A classification is known, where the number of subjects communicating is taken as the basis for interaction. If there are two subjects, then this interaction is a pair (in a dyad). If there are many subjects, then they can interact in a group (group interaction), between groups (intergroup interaction), or the subject can act with a group (subject-group interaction). This subject can be the leader or any member of the group.

Communication as perception and understanding of each other.

Perception is the mental state of a person's reflection of objects and phenomena as a whole in the aggregate of all their qualities and properties with their direct impact on the senses. This is a process of mutual perception and understanding of interlocutors, their knowledge of each other. In general terms, we can say that the perception of another person means displaying his external features, correlating them with the personal characteristics of the individual and interpreting his actions on this basis. Considering the process of knowing one person by another during communication, the famous psychologist S.L. Rubinshtein wrote: “In everyday life, communicating with people, we are guided by their behavior, since we, as it were, “read” a person, that is, we decipher the meaning of his external data and reveal the meaning of the text obtained in this way in a context that has its own internal psychological plan. This "reading" happens quickly, because in the process of communicating with the people who surround us, we produce a certain, more or less automatically functioning subtext to their behavior. " The image of another person is often formed on the first impression, and this can lead to errors in her perception. No wonder they say, do not judge by clothes - judge by mind. It is important to realize that the mistake will be not so much an inadequately constructed impression of a person as the use of this inadequate impression in subsequent interpersonal relationships with him.

Communication functions

Communication is a complex, multifaceted process of establishing and developing contacts between people, generated by the needs of joint activities.

Communication is one of the most important concepts in psychology. It more diversely reveals the individual characteristics of all participants in this process.

Communication has its own functions, means, types and types, channels and phases.

A study by psychologists and sociologists shows that up to 70% of managerial decisions are made orally by managers in the process of business interaction. It can be said without exaggeration that the nature of business contacts has a decisive influence on the effectiveness of joint activities, on the success of conversations, business meetings and negotiations, press conferences, auctions and presentations.

Even in the age of computers, the main instrument of communication between people is the word. Anyone who has perfectly mastered the skills in the process of communication gets the opportunity to live according to the principle “I came, I saw, I persuaded”. Communication is an extremely subtle and delicate process. It talks about direct and indirect communication, direct and indirect.

Direct communication is understood as natural contact "face to face" with the help of verbal (speech) and non-verbal means (gestures, facial expressions, pantomime, spatial (distance, approach, removal, turns "to" and "from"), temporary (earlier, later )). The practical importance of the ability to "read" non-verbal information should be emphasized. The pace of speech, loudness, change in pitch and tempo of voice coloring are all means of conveying the emotional state of a person, his attitude to the message being transmitted. A person cannot consciously control the entire sphere of his communication, so often even what he wants to hide appears, for example, through the movements of the hands, the position of the legs, the expression of the eyes, etc. Only by taking into account all the accompaniment that accompanies the speech, you can correctly perceive the communication partner.

Mediated communication can be considered as incomplete mental contact with the help of written or technical devices that make it difficult or time-consuming to receive feedback between the participants in the communication. Obviously, the emergence of various technical communication devices has significantly increased the number of sources of human experience, but also greatly complicated the system of human communication.

In its meaning, communication is multifunctional. There are five main functions of communication.

The binding role is the most important condition for bringing people together in the process of any activity.

Formative role. Here communication acts as the most important condition for the formation and change of the mental image of a person (especially in the early stages).

confirmation function. In the process of communicating with other people, a person gets the opportunity, as it were, to confirm himself, to establish himself in what he is. Even W. James noted that for a person "there is no more monstrous punishment than to be presented in society to oneself and remain completely unnoticed." This state of a person is fixed in the concept of "non-confirmation". Moreover, unlike denial, which can be expressed by the words “You are wrong” or “You are bad” and implies a certain amount of confirmation, albeit with a negative assessment, non-confirmation means “You are not here”, “You do not exist”.

Everyday experience of human communication is replete with procedures organized according to the principle of the simplest "confirmatory therapy": rituals of acquaintance, greeting, naming, showing various signs of attention. They, speaking in scientific language, are aimed at maintaining a “minimum of confirmation” in a person.

The fourth function is to organize and maintain interpersonal relationships at the level of defined emotional contacts.

The fifth function of communication is intrapersonal, i.e. communication of a person with himself.

Types of communication.

Communication at the level of social roles (role communication) - boss-subordinate, seller-buyer, teacher-student, is dictated by the role played, the place that a person occupies in the system of social social relations is fixed.

Under the interpersonal relationship is meant (the most common model of communication) the participation of two specific personalities with unique qualities that are revealed to the other in the course of communication and organization of joint actions.

Business communication can be easily distinguished from functional-role communication. Business communication is a type of interpersonal communication aimed at achieving some kind of substantive agreement. In business communication (unlike, for example, secular communication) there is always a goal.

Types of communication are determined by the rules, the implementation of which is implied. So, if the rules of "secular" communication are based on a code of courtesy, then the basis of business relations is a code based on the principles of cooperativeness. It contains the following rules:

Types and forms of communication

There is practically no period in a person's life when he is out of communication. Communication is classified according to content, goals, means, functions, types and forms. Specialists distinguish the following forms of communication.

Direct communication is historically the first form of communication between people. It is carried out with the help of organs given to man by nature (head, hands, vocal cords, etc.). On the basis of direct communication at the later stages of the development of civilization, various forms and types of communication arose. For example, indirect communication associated with the use of special means and tools (a stick, a footprint on the ground, etc.), writing, television, radio, telephone and more modern means for organizing communication and exchanging information.

Direct communication is a natural face-to-face contact, in which information is transmitted personally by one interlocutor to another according to the principle: "you - to me, I - to you." Indirect communication involves the participation in the communication process of an "intermediary" through which information is transmitted.

Interpersonal communication is associated with direct contacts of people in groups or pairs. It implies knowledge of the individual characteristics of the partner and the presence of joint experience of activity, empathy and understanding.

Mass communication is multiple connections and contacts of strangers in society, as well as communication through the media (television, radio, magazines, newspapers, etc.).

Professionals in the field of trade and services in their daily activities are faced with the problems of interpersonal communication.

In psychology, there are three main types of interpersonal communication: imperative, manipulative and dialogic.

Imperative communication is an authoritarian (directive) form of influence on a communication partner. Its main goal is to subjugate one of the partners to the other, achieve control over his behavior, thoughts, as well as coercion to certain actions and decisions. In this case, the communication partner is considered as a soulless object of influence, as a mechanism that must be controlled; he acts as a passive, “suffering” side. The peculiarity of imperative communication is that forcing a partner to do something is not hidden. Orders, instructions, demands, threats, instructions, etc. are used as means of influence.

Dialogic communication is an alternative to imperative and manipulative types of interpersonal communication. It is based on the equality of partners and allows you to move from a fixed attitude towards oneself to an attitude towards an interlocutor, a real communication partner.

Dialogue is possible only if a number of rules of relationship are observed:

psychological attitude to the emotional state of the interlocutor and one’s own psychological state (communication on the principle of “here and now”, i.e., taking into account the feelings, desires, physical condition that partners are experiencing at this particular moment); trust in the partner’s intentions without assessing his personality (principle of trust);

perception of a partner as an equal, having the right to his own opinion and his own decision (principle of parity);

communication should be directed to common problems and unresolved issues (principle of problematization);

the conversation must be conducted on your own behalf, without reference to someone else's opinion and authorities; you should express your true feelings and desires (the principle of personifying communication).

Dialogue communication involves an attentive attitude to the interlocutor, to his questions.

In the process of communication, there is no desire to understand a person, his individual characteristics are not taken into account, therefore this type of communication is usually called formal. In the course of communication, a standard set of masks is used, which have already become familiar (strictness, politeness, indifference, etc.), as well as a set of facial expressions and gestures corresponding to them. During the conversation, “common” phrases are often used to hide emotions and attitudes towards the interlocutor.

Primitive communication. This type of communication is characterized by "necessity", that is, a person evaluates the other as a necessary or unnecessary (interfering) object. If a person is needed, they actively come into contact with him, interfere - they “push him away” with sharp remarks. After receiving what they want from a communication partner, they lose further interest in it and, moreover, do not hide it.

Formal role communication. In such communication, instead of understanding the personality of the interlocutor, knowledge of his social role is dispensed with. Each of us plays many roles in life. A role is a way of behavior that is set by society, therefore it is not common for a seller, a cashier of a savings bank, to behave like a military leader. It happens that during one day a person has to “play” several roles: a competent specialist, colleague, leader, subordinate, passenger, loving daughter, granddaughter, mother, wife, etc.

Business conversation. In this type of communication, personality traits, age, moods of the interlocutor are taken into account, but the interests of the case are more important.

Secular communication. Communication is pointless, people say not what they think, but what is supposed to be said in such cases. Politeness, tact, approval, expression of sympathy - the basis of this type of communication.

Communication is carried out using verbal (verbal) and non-verbal means.

The study of the process of communication showed how complex, diverse the phenomenon is and made it possible to distinguish the structure of communication, consisting of three interrelated parties:

communicative, which is manifested in the mutual exchange of information between partners in communication, transfer and reception of knowledge, opinions, feelings;

interactive, consisting in the organization of interpersonal interaction, i.e. when the participants in communication exchange not only knowledge, ideas, but also actions;

perceptual, which manifests itself through the perception, understanding and evaluation of each other by people.

In the course of communication, a person seeks not only to perceive the interlocutor, but to know him, to understand the logic of his actions and behavior. Cognition and understanding by people of others and themselves occurs in accordance with the psychological mechanisms of perception.

Identification is likening oneself to another. To understand a communication partner, you need to put yourself in his place, since you can’t really understand a person until you have been in his “skin”. This mechanism allows you to understand the values, habits, behavior and norms of another person.

Empathy (empathy) is not a rational understanding of the problems of another person, but an emotional response, empathy, empathy. Empathy is based on the ability to correctly imagine what is happening inside a person, what he experiences, how he evaluates events. It has been established that the ability to show empathy increases with the acquisition of life experience. Older people, who have seen and experienced a lot, understand a person who has fallen into certain circumstances better than young people.

The highest form of empathy is effective, characterizing the moral essence of a person. For example, you can simply empathize with a fellow student who “flunked” an exam, or you can help prepare for a retake.

Attraction (attract, attract) is a form of knowing another person, based on the emergence of positive feelings for him: from sympathy to love. The reason for the appearance of a positive emotional attitude of communication partners is often their internal similarity. For example, young people (boys, girls) understand each other much better than adults who surround them (parents, teachers, etc.).

To correctly understand a communication partner, it is important to know his attitude towards us, how he perceives and understands us. In this case, the mechanism “works”, which in psychology is called reflection.

Reflection (turning back) is the ability of a person to imagine how he is perceived by a communication partner. It is no longer just knowing the other, but also knowing how the other understands us: our mental abilities, individual personality traits and emotional reactions. At the same time, our attention is transferred from the partner in communication to ourselves and there is a kind of doubling of mirror reflections of each other.

Understanding another person is very important for successful communication with him. Often we are interested in what makes the interlocutor act this way and not otherwise, that is, what are the reasons for his actions. After all, knowing them, you can predict the further behavior of a communication partner. If a person always had complete information about the surrounding people with whom he enters into communication, then he could accurately build tactics for interacting with them. But in everyday life, as a rule, we are in conditions of lack of information, not knowing the true reasons for the behavior of another person. This ignorance forces us to attribute to others the most diverse reasons for their behavior and actions. They are based on the similarity of the behavior of the interlocutor with some known image or the analysis of our own reasons, which are found in a similar situation. Attributing the causes of behavior to another person is called causal attribution (i.e., I give a reason, I give it). Research shows that each person has habitual explanations for other people's behavior. Some people always find the culprit of what happened and attribute the cause of what happened to a specific person, but not to themselves.

Phases and means of communication

Of all the phases of communication, the preparation phase is the most critical, if it is possible. Communication needs to be planned, to choose the right place and time, to determine for oneself attitudes towards the results of communication. The first phase of communication is making contact. Self-adjustment is important here, it is important to feel the state, the partner’s adjustment, to get used to it yourself. It is important to position the partner towards you and ensure a smooth start. This period ends with the establishment of psychological contact.

Next comes the phase of focusing on something, some problem, the task of the parties and the development of topics, then - motivational probing. Its purpose is to understand the motives of the interlocutor and his interests. Then follows the phase of argumentation and persuasion, if there are differences of opinion. And finally, the phase of fixing the result. This is always a critical moment in a relationship. As opposed to a break, the end of a relationship is the end of contact. And a mistake in this phase can sometimes completely change the result of many hours of conversation. It is always necessary to end the communication so that there is a prospect of continuation.

In business communication, it is the exchange of information that is significant for the participants in the communicative act that is the most important side. The means that allow you to do this most effectively are divided into verbal (speech) and non-verbal.

It would seem that non-verbal means are not as important as speech ones. In fact, this is not so: we receive and transmit more than 65% of the information just with the help of non-verbal means. With their help, the inner world of a person is revealed. Information received or transmitted in verbal form may not always be reliable. And it is precisely to correctly understand non-verbal signals, which are much less amenable to conscious control, that allow us to establish the degree of frankness of our interlocutor.

All non-verbal means of communication are divided into the following groups:

kinetic, i.e. visually perceived (facial expressions, posture, gestures, gait, look);

prosodic, i.e. rhythmic and intonational aspects of speech (pitch, loudness, timbre, stress force) and extralinguistic - the inclusion of pauses, sighs, laughter, crying, etc .;

takecenic, i.e. dynamic touches in the form of a handshake, patting, kissing;

proxemic, i.e. orientation of partners at the time of communication and the distance between them (distancing).

The use of a number of non-verbal means of communication is rather severely limited by the national, cultural and religious traditions of a particular people. If the facial expressions, which give a clear and precise idea of ​​the emotional state of a person, are interpreted in the same way, regardless of nationality and culture, then the specific meaning of such non-verbal signs as posture, gestures, distances or norms of approach is different in different cultures.

Non-verbal means of communication help in creating the image of a communication partner, serve to clarify and sometimes change the meaning of a verbal message, to give or enhance the emotional coloring of what was said.

Despite the importance of non-verbal ways of transmitting information, the meaning of the message, its content is still conveyed in a verbal, or speech, way.

The ability to speak correctly, or oratory, was taught in ancient Greece. Currently, a large number of publications are devoted to him, so I will briefly dwell on the most significant points that make it possible to make the speech more beautiful and convincing:

speech should be clear, tone - moderate;

it is necessary to strengthen intonation, highlight important words and subordinate unimportant ones to them;

a change in the pace of speech will give it expressiveness;

pause before and after important thoughts.

The hardest part is usually the beginning of the performance. It should be short, one or two sentences is enough, and sometimes you can do without it at all.

The ending of the speech is the element of the speech that is remembered the most. Therefore, you can end your speech with a quote that is appropriate for the occasion, or with a brief summary of the points made.

When giving a speech, it is important to look not at the floor or over the interlocutor, but at him. The speech should be clear, specific; if the fact being stated is sufficiently abstract, use examples. To strengthen the main thing in the material presented, these thoughts can be repeated, but not to use the same phrases every time. Do not try to cover many questions at once. Try to avoid verbal cliches, hackneyed words and expressions.

CONCLUSION

Communication is a multifaceted process of developing contacts between people, generated by the needs of joint activities. Communication includes the exchange of information between its participants, which can be characterized as the communicative side of communication. The second side of communication is the interaction of those who communicate - the exchange in the process of speech is not only words, but also actions, deeds. And, finally, the third side of communication involves the perception of communicating each other.

Socio-psychological knowledge, the skills of analyzing situations that arise in the process of communication are of great importance for building effective relationships between people. On the one hand, they help a person to better understand himself, his inner world, to realize the socio-psychological aspects of his "I": social attitudes, stereotypes, behavior and interaction strategies, communication style, the ability to listen effectively, control their emotions and adequately understand other people. . On the other hand, such knowledge makes it possible to better understand people, to create such a situation of communication with them, individually attuning to their inner mental state, which would most fruitfully contribute to their creative development, would give a sense of security.

Business relations develop mainly in a small group, a member of which is a particular individual. The people around him play a huge role in shaping the values ​​of any person, and knowledge of the socio-psychological laws of life, groups, the ability to analyze them is the most important part of a person's life.

Using various types and forms of communication, groups of people can most effectively interact with each other and with the outside world, achieve the desired results of activities, make decisions, develop and satisfy the needs for joint activities.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1.Gippenreiter Yu.B. "Introduction to General Psychology". M.: 1997.

2.Kovpak D., Kamenyukin A. "Safe communication" 2012.

.Kuzin F.A. "Culture of business communication" Practical guide. Practical guide. - M.: 2000.

.Larinenko V.N. - Psychology and ethics of business communication - "Unity", M., 1997

.Nakamoto S. “Communication genius, how to become one.”2013.

.Rytchenko T.A., Tatarkova N.V. - Psychology of business relations - MGUESI, M., 2001

.Sukharev V.L. Ethics and psychology of a business person. M.: 2003

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Communication is the main component of any relationship, from the first stages of human development to modernity. The most intimate, loving and romantic relationships are born through ordinary conversation. Yes, it is undeniable that all feelings at the beginning of a relationship are preceded by a first glance, an assessment of appearance and unconscious labeling, but this is nothing compared to communication. Some novice psychologists, attaching great importance to statistical data, give inappropriate advice on the norms of communication, on the time that should be given to a conversation, but how one can reason and give advice regarding uncontrolled processes that are inextricably linked with emotions.

Each person is inherent in the contrast of the information received from reality. Good cannot be appreciated without evil. Based on this, you should not give free rein to your internal assessment of the interlocutor. If a person is not sociable with you, this in no way indicates his constant isolation. We equally love loneliness and noisy companies, but everything has its time.

In the modern world(information age) communication available anywhere and anytime. Almost every person has a mobile phone, and modern mobile communication has no limits, except perhaps in the zone of the solar system. An incredible number of cellular operators and even more tariff plans allow you to keep in touch with loved ones. International cellular communication opens the horizons of communication with relatives on different continents, thousands and tens of thousands of kilometers away. Your every word is priceless for your parents, grandparents and all other people related to you by family ties, because love is multifaceted and knows no boundaries.

Material overview

Target: The purpose of our work is to study the degree of influence of social networks on the process of communication in modern society.

Tasks:

To identify how often students of middle and high school age, as well as parents and teachers of students, use social networks;

Analyze the purpose for which representatives of the above groups visit social networks;

Find out what pros and cons the survey participants see in communicating on social networks;

Determine whether the respondents consider online communication a worthy substitute for real communication;

Compare survey results between representatives of different age categories;

Methods: analysis of various sources on this issue, questioning of students, parents and teachers of the gymnasium, comparison of information.

Subject of study: communication of people of different age categories in social networks

Study participants: 105 people aged 11 to 50 (students in grades 6, 10, parents and teachers).

Hypothesis: in modern society, more and more time is spent on communication in the Internet space, which is gradually crowding out live communication between people from our lives.

Relevance: In the modern world, people cannot do without communication. Any social activity is not complete without it. A person's personality is formed in the process of communication. Communication helps organize joint work, build a person's personal life. Through communication with other people, we receive important information about the world around us, which forms our worldview and helps us become cultured, educated, morally developed and civilized people.

The process of communication in the modern world is rapidly developing, providing us with new, improved opportunities. The Internet opens up significant prospects in this sense, allowing a person to communicate at any time and with any audience. To realize these opportunities, social networks were created, which occupy an increasing place in the life of modern society. Social networks have become a part of our lives. You can talk about whether this is good or bad for a long time. If you think about the fact that before they didn’t exist at all, now it’s almost impossible to imagine a day without visiting a personal page on the Internet, there is an opinion about a certain degree of dependence. The question arises: have networks replaced live communication between people? This question determined the choice of the research topic and its relevance. The world around is becoming more dynamic, and communication and information are becoming one of the main development resources today. Our research demonstrates that social networks are not only an opportunity to create new acquaintances and maintain relationships, it is one of the ways to step back from real life for an indefinite period. Social networks are the prerequisites for creating that virtual reality with which we may have to share real life in the future. In order not to get confused in what is happening, it is worth thinking about the pros and cons of communication in social networks now.

Theoretical part.

Literally 5-7 years ago, not many people knew about the existence of social networks, but today they have firmly entered our lives and have become an integral part of it. Almost everyone now has their own page on the Internet.

The term "social network" was introduced by the sociologist J. Barnes in 1954. The scientist developed an approach to the study of relationships between people using visual diagrams, in which individuals are represented as dots, and the connections between them are represented as lines.

What is a social network now? First of all, these are sites designed to introduce and gather people with common interests, give them the opportunity to communicate on various topics, upload and discuss photos and videos, add each other as friends or foes, download and listen to music, search for long-lost friends, relatives.

The first social networks appeared in the west. The most popular of them are Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, Badoo, Flickr, Last.fm, LinkedIn, XING, Bebo, Match.com, YouTube, MyAnimeList, HabboHotel, Google+, Tagged.com, Avaaz, Friendster. analogues appear, such as VKontakte, Odnoklassniki.ru, My [email protected], Hydepark, In the circle of friends, Privet.ru, My Circle, etc.

We can say that a social network today is, first of all, a tool for online communication that the Internet offers us, and everyone has a choice whether to use it or not. Social networks as a form of communication from the very beginning began to have a huge impact on the life of a modern person. Today, humanity actually cannot imagine life without communication in a particular social network.

In support of the above theses, we present the results of a survey conducted among students of the gymnasium, as well as parents and teachers.

Question. What is the purpose of your access to social networks?

Social networks are used mainly for communication and learning the news. Young people aged 15-17 (50%) go to social networks in order to listen to music. The vast majority of respondents aged 30-50 (81%) reported that they use social networks for communication, although children aged 11-12 spend time online for fun (52%). For work and study, the Internet is used by 81% of respondents aged 30-50 and 71% of adolescents aged 15-17.

The vast majority of respondents noticed that they most often go to the social network Vkontakte. At the same time, some of the respondents reported that they most often go to the social networks Instagram, Odnoklassniki, Twitter, Facebook [Appendix 1].

Social networks, having appeared not so long ago, certainly attract teenagers. According to some studies, teenagers are the predominant component of the audience of social networks.

Social network - an interactive multi-user site, the content (content) of which is filled by its visitors, with the possibility of specifying any information about an individual, by which the user's account (page) can be found by other network members. Simply put, the social network acts as a kind of social space in which communication as an activity is not presented in the traditional "live" form, but acquires the features of simple communication. Social networks contribute, firstly, to the organization of social communications between people, and secondly, to the realization of their basic social needs. Electronic communication has become an integral component of social media activity. Online dating has become very popular now, as communication on the Internet helps to reduce the psychological barrier. After all, it is much easier and easier to “add as a friend” or comment on a photo than to come up on the street and get to know each other. The information presented on the user's page replaces the stages of acquaintance, as interests, hobbies, etc. become immediately known. It turns out that the first impression is formed when viewing a page on a social network, but it often happens that the information turns out to be fictitious.

The world of virtual life, organized by social networks, allows you to realize unconscious motives and helps a person to live those scenarios that he may never dare to live in real life, allows you to feel yourself in the desired image. The main reasons that serve as the basis for the formation of a new Internet image and Internet behavior are self-doubt, dissatisfaction with oneself, low self-esteem, and the desire to break out of the social vacuum. The user of social networks constructs his image himself, collecting it like a mosaic from his fantasies, ideas about himself, the opinions of others, the expectations of society. In social networks, the Self-other is created in the image and likeness of one's own Self. This new, "ideal" personality, created in the virtual world, very soon begins to influence a real person. This is explained by the fact that in social networks, users see only the "virtual" side of the personality and begin to react to it.

Thus, social networks provide a person with unlimited opportunities for real-time communication, become a platform for the manifestation of the creativity of the individual and, in connection with this, the transformation of the individual through cybersocialization. A person who tries himself in various virtual images not only tries on the desired mask and works out a certain model of behavior, he also changes his inner world. A person in the process of being in social networks receives a new social experience, becomes an active part of virtual events. Thus, a creative organization of human life takes place, namely, the emergence of a creative personality in social networks.

2. WAYS AND LANGUAGE OF COMMUNICATION ON THE NETWORK

Society as a whole and the individual cannot do without communication. Communication is a complex, multifunctional and multifaceted component of human life. Without communication, interaction of social groups aimed at joint labor activity, exchange of experience and skills is impossible. An equally important role is played by communication in the process of forming a social personality, establishing interpersonal relationships, and forming human individualities.

Adolescence is the age of communication, the age of the greatest desire to obtain approval from peers and a group that is significant for a teenager. Adolescents receive many of their ideas about social roles and life values ​​precisely in communication. The modern Internet environment allows a teenager to realize those roles that are difficult for him to play in real life. It is in the networks that the real interests of modern teenagers are reflected, there is an active exchange of information, since there they are not subject to adult control. And for many of them, social networks are a necessary condition for life; many schoolchildren can no longer imagine their existence without the Internet.

However, the means of communication do not stand still and develop very rapidly. Throughout history, these media have evolved and evolved, from footprints and rock art to television and internet technology. The whole life of modern society is filled with computer technology. The global Internet occupies a special place in the process of informatization of public life. As a new information network and communication system used to carry out various activities, the Internet involves specific ways of communication and promotes social interaction between individuals and social groups.

Email was one of the first ways to communicate on the Internet. Mail is certainly good, but in order to have someone to correspond with, you need to find those who will be interesting for communication. The main places for acquaintances are traditionally forums and chats. Forums are good for everyone, and, above all, for the balance of opinions placed on it, but the rhythm of life in them is somewhat slow. For those who want to communicate more intensively, there are chats. Chats are thematic, but still, as a rule, this is just a place where people gather to chat on completely different topics. Everything would be fine in forums or chats, but they take a lot of attention, not allowing you to devote enough time to other things - for example, work. And here programs like ICQ are indispensable. ICQ (ICQ) is an Internet pager, convenient and simple communication with those users who, like you, are now on the Internet. Recently, the method of communication on the Internet with the help of social networks has gained immense popularity. And it is unlikely that Mark Zuckerberg and other developers of such resources, working on their creation, counted on such a stunning popularity of their own offspring.

Internet-mediated communications are endowed with elements of feedback, they represent an open and unlimited communication of people who are not physically nearby. This leads to the formation and constant growth of societies united by a commonality of views, interests and goals that do not take into account social, cultural, political and other differences between the participants. Internet communication is an easy way to establish contact. Interpersonal interaction takes place in conditions of anonymity, emancipation, lack of non-verbal information, non-normativeness and some irresponsibility of the participants in communication. A person in the network can show greater freedom of expression and actions (up to insults), since the risk of exposure and personal negative assessment by others is minimal.

Also, communication is characterized by its own socialect. A sociolect is a set of linguistic features inherent in any social group - professional, class, age, etc. In this connection, within the framework of this direction, one can study the sociolect of children's Internet communication, the professional "language" of those who work on computers, literary language, computer slang in general, etc.

The neologisms most used on the Web can be conditionally divided into the following groups: computer terms, Internet slang, computer slang or jargon, youth slang.

The lexical stock of the electronic language is constantly replenished, as a result of which individual communicative flexibility is formed. A characteristic feature of network communication is the possibility of feedback and a peculiar construction of a dialogue: improvisation, remarks, colloquial speech, playful remarks, ironic exclamations, quotes and, as a result, the frequent use of slang, Internet slang (memes). The memes that have spread on the Internet have led to the formation of various subcultural communities that are part of the basic culture, but differ from it in language, behavior, etc. Examples of memes can be musical melodies, jokes, jokes, fashion trends, car brands, pictures , emoticons, i.e. anything. Each of the slang used on the Internet has its own history of origin. Take emoji, which was invented in 1979 by Kevin McKenzie, for example.

Internet language is divided into age and professional categories. Slang replaces the younger generation with complex linguistic constructions that they have not yet mastered very well. In addition, young people tend to look for ways to be different from others, to isolate themselves from adults, to have their own secrets, to oppose new game forms to boring traditional foundations, therefore it is they who own most of the linguistic experiments and innovations.

3.PLUSY AND MINUSES OF COMMUNICATION IN THE NETWORK.

It is no secret that communication in the virtual space has its own characteristics, hiding both positive and negative sides. The advantages of non-contact communication, of course, include the ability to ignore the distance separating users, which allows you to communicate with any person from any corner of the planet, confidentiality, which contributes to the realization of a person’s deep psychological needs, allowing him to show sides of character that are not in demand in real life, the ability to the help of personal communication to penetrate into the culture of other peoples and races, and much more. Communication on the Internet is invaluable for people with disabilities, allowing them to receive a full-fledged education, work, and communicate with people.

Question What are the benefits of social media?, our respondents gave the following answers:

· You can chat with all your friends. And completely free of charge and at any time.

· You can see who is currently on the site and write to him.

· You can publish your photos, share information, links, music.

· Ability to quickly get the latest relevant information. It can be news from your country or the world, architecture, in the city, events with friends, etc.

· There are many applications that help you relax. These are flash games, tests, polls, etc.

The flip side of communication using the World Wide Web is the ability of the general public (including children) to access unwanted information that can harm both user data (various viruses) and their moral principles (various obscene information). In addition, uncontrolled "sitting" in the network is fraught with the emergence of the so-called Internet addiction, and not only young people, but also well-established and successful adults are exposed to it.

We present the questions of the survey and its results.

Question. How often do you access social networks?

38% of respondents noted that they access social networks daily 4 or more times a day, and the vast majority were teenagers aged 15-17.

24% of respondents noted that they access social networks 2-4 times a day [Appendix 2].

Question. How much time do you spend on social networks?

The results of the survey showed that adolescents aged 15-17 (37% of respondents) spend the most time on social networks (more than 4 hours a day), and adults spend the least (less than 1 hour a day) (71% of respondents) [Appendix 3] .

Question. How long can you go without social media?

14% of respondents cannot completely abandon social networks, but the vast majority of people aged 30-50 (57%) can do without social networks altogether. 84% of respondents can do without social networks for 1-2 days [Appendix 4].

Speaking about the activity of adolescents in social networks, we note that not only adolescents, but also adults take an active part in social networks. Most of the adolescents we interviewed used the VKontakte social network, while the dominant network of adults is the Odnoklassniki, Moi Mir, and Facebook networks. However, if for adolescents this type of Internet activity is the most important part of their communication, a “vital” type of “connection with the world”, then for adults this resource is not so important, although they consider it as a sphere of interpersonal communication and a place for interesting events. leisure.

Internet addiction can lead to severe family and academic problems. The researchers note that people who are addicted to the Internet are haunted by a feeling of loneliness, they are also characterized by modesty, depression, and social solitude. Individuals addicted to the Internet have a significantly lower level of social activity than those who do not have such an addiction. Studies show that Internet users, if they do not have access to the network, become upset and restless, overly receptive and touchy.

Some topics and sites on the Internet are considered non-traditional from the point of view of parents and the older generation. There are certain prohibitions on them, because they do not correspond to religious traditions and morality, accepted views. Thus, the Internet contributes to discord between parents and children.

So-called “fake accounts” have become more frequent on social networks, which are not always used for a harmless purpose. The information on the page may be false. However, curiosity takes over, so young people stay up late, trying not to miss news updates, and gradually become addicted. Such a phenomenon is fraught with detachment from the outside world, disorientation in real life. A person becomes uncomfortable outside the network.

However, the above in no way detracts from the positive impact that the Internet has on modern man. It’s just that each of us must mark our own clear line between the virtual world and objective reality, remembering that no social network can replace communication with a close and dear person.

The Internet, along with real life, opens up a wide field of opportunities for a teenager, expanding the space to meet his changed needs and aspirations. Moreover, they are open to absolutely everyone, regardless of personal characteristics, social status and other features. Unlike the real world, the social world limits it as a social object (gender, age, nationality, professional affiliation, etc.), the information world is fundamentally unlimited. The anonymity feature of the Internet allows Internet users to create an online identity that may differ from their real identity.

We decided to find out what benefits our respondents see from communication in social networks.

Question. Do you think social networks bring real benefits to people? 50% of respondents believe that social networks bring real benefits to people. 12% of respondents believe that social networks do not bring real benefits to people. 38% of respondents find it difficult to answer [Appendix 5].

Question. What do you think is the main benefit of social media?

The vast majority of respondents noted that social networks bring the greatest benefit in communicating with people. 78% of children aged 11-12, 66% of teenagers, 67% of adults agreed with this answer. The most unpopular was the answer of the game, only 17% of all respondents think so (they turned out to be guys aged 11-12).

Conclusion: Generation past, present and future... We are representatives of different times. And students, and their parents, and teachers today are representatives of different generations. The fact that people from different generations look at things differently is an indisputable fact. For us, it is important to have complete mutual understanding in joint activities, which is achievable through internal communications.

Internal communications have changed, are changing and will continue to change. Because the views, values ​​and needs of the target audience are changing. For generation Y - this is how sociologists call people born from 1981 to 2003, the source of information is mostly the Internet, the format of the material is pictures, photos, videos and short text messages. Generation Y consumes information at any time of the day, because smartphones and tablets are an integral part of the lifestyle. It's like keys, without which you can't get out or enter the house. Only in this case, tablets and smartphones are the key to the bottomless world online.

Today, researchers do not have an unambiguous answer to the question of whether social networks are an unambiguously positive phenomenon or, on the contrary, they are rather harmful for communication between people. Yes, and it is unlikely to be found. After all, contradictions are inherent in our communication in real life. Social psychologist Susan Newman said: “We are just beginning to understand how “likes” and “tweets” affect our psyche. Everything new and unexplored causes rejection for this very reason - because the rules and traditions have not yet been developed, there are no clear boundaries between “possible” and “impossible”. And they can only be determined empirically.

Our research experience has shown that answering the question: What communication do you prefer?, 86% of respondents noted that they prefer direct communication, 14% of respondents prefer communication in social networks [Appendix 6].

To the question: " Which communication option is best for you: direct communication or through a social network? 46% of respondents noted that it is easier for them to communicate in life, 10% of respondents admitted that it is easier for them to communicate on a social network, 44% of respondents noted that it does not matter to them whether communication is direct or indirect [Appendix 7].

Thus, after analyzing the results of the survey, we came to the conclusion that, indeed, the 21st century has become the age of the network. Many people, regardless of age and occupation, use the Internet and social networks to communicate with other people, older people use networks for work or study. Having studied the survey data, we came to the conclusion that teenagers aged 15-17 spend the most time on social networks.

However, 86% of all respondents prefer direct, live communication to communication in social networks, and this cannot but rejoice, because. this means that we will be able to look people in the eyes for a long time when we communicate with them, to feel the touch. This means that at the end of the phrase “modern communication of people is communication on the network”, we can still put a question mark.

Conclusion: Internet communication should complement life, and not be the basis of all our activities. Social media can bring many benefits. But the abuse of social networks can lead to addiction, loss of attention, waste of time, alienation and dullness. Social media is both good and bad. It is in our power to take from them only the good and weed out the bad. In order for social networks not to harm health and psyche, each person must regulate his pastime in the virtual space.

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