About 24,000 people die every day from hunger and diseases caused by it. Three quarters of them are children under 5 years of age. One in ten children in underdeveloped countries die before the age of 5. Severe harvest failures and wars are the cause of starvation in only 10%. Most deaths are caused by chronic malnutrition. Families simply cannot provide enough food for themselves. This in turn is caused by extreme poverty. It is estimated that around 800 million people in the world suffer from hunger and malnutrition. Often, malnourished people need few resources (good quality grain, tools and water) to produce the required amount of food. Ultimately, the best way to solve the problem is to improve education. Educated people find it easier to escape the grips of poverty and hunger, change their lives and help others.

Every third child who dies in the world is a victim of hunger. Africa continues to have the worst child mortality situation. Every third child death is from hunger, the UN has found, and the economic crisis has only worsened the humanitarian situation in the world, where 200 million children are chronically malnourished. Child malnutrition is one of the leading causes of child mortality in the world. 65 children out of a thousand die before reaching the age of five. In Russia, 13 out of a thousand children die in infancy. Last year, 8.8 million children died, and one in three child deaths was a victim of hunger, said Anne Veneman, executive director of the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF).

"Man eats to live, but does not live to eat."

Geography of famine

Perhaps the food problem has become most dramatic, even catastrophic, in developing countries. Of course, hunger and malnutrition have existed in the world since the very beginnings of human development. Already in the XXI - XX centuries. famines in China, India, Ireland, many African countries and the Soviet Union claimed many millions of lives. But the existence of famine in the era of scientific and technological revolution and overproduction of food in economically developed Western countries is truly one of the paradoxes of our time. It is also generated by the general backwardness and poverty of developing countries, which have led to a huge lag in agricultural production from the needs for its products. Nowadays, the “geography of hunger” in the world is determined primarily by the most backward countries in Africa and Asia, not affected by the “green revolution,” where a significant part of the population lives literally on the verge of starvation. More than 70 developing countries are forced to import food.

Children are dying of hunger.

If a woman does not eat well during pregnancy, or if the child does not receive adequate nutrition in the first years of life, the physical and mental growth and development of the child will slow down. Currently, about 200 million children are at risk of hunger-related health problems. Malnutrition in early years leads to slow growth and insufficient development, the child will perform worse at school, and in adulthood he will be at risk of chronic diseases, UNICEF experts write. The foundation's specialists note that the first 1000 days in a baby's life are very important, and especially during this period he should eat properly. The humanitarian organization Save the Children warns that unless drastic action is taken, southern Africa faces the threat of mass famine. It could kill up to 19 million people in six countries - from Malawi in the north to Lesotho in the south. Save the Children says the region faces a food crisis on a scale not seen in Africa in two decades, since the 1984 Ethiopian famine that claimed nearly a million lives.

Queue for humanitarian aid.

The three main components of the right to food (including the right to water) are:

1. There should be enough food for everyone (minimum calorie content). The minimum energy intake for the average man (65 kg, 20-39 years) is estimated at 1800 calories and for a woman (55 kg, 20-39 years) about 1500 calories per day. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimates that the "critical energy requirement" is 1.2 times higher than the minimum given here. The energy requirement of a "moderately active" person is 3,000 calories per day for men and 2,200 for women;

2. The minimum daily ration should be at least of such quality as to be beneficial to health. Food should contain a minimum of vitamins and minerals so as not to cause harm to health;

3. Food must be well distributed and accessible to everyone at a reasonable price.

Africa and Asia are the most vulnerable.

More than 90% of children at risk of stunted growth due to malnutrition live in Africa and Asia. In Africa, 132 children out of a thousand do not live to reach the age of five. The worse the situation in a country with regard to the position of women in society, the worse the situation with children’s nutrition, the organization says. In the 2000s, world leaders promised to halve the mortality rate of young children by 2015 compared to the 1990s. There are indeed some improvements, the UN says, over the past 20 years child mortality rates have decreased by 28%, but they are not enough. According to UNICEF, only 63 out of 117 countries will be able to achieve this goal. Among the measures that will help reduce infant mortality, UNICEF names the popularization of breastfeeding and vitamin A intake. Skeptics, however, are not sure that the problem of hunger can be solved with the help of the measures proposed by UNICEF, because the main problem of hunger is the economic situation.

The economic crisis has worsened the already difficult humanitarian situation in the world. According to the latest UN data, a seventh of the population is hungry, and more than a billion people suffer from food shortages. High food prices, military conflicts and unfavorable climatic conditions, drought and floods, further complicate the situation in developing countries. The problem of world hunger is scheduled to be discussed in Rome on November 16 at a meeting organized by the UN. The head of the UN World Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) promised on Saturday November 14 not to eat for the whole day in solidarity with the world's hungry.

The UN warns that without intensified international efforts, the goal of reducing the number of hungry people in the world will not be achieved. The annual UN report on global food security, timed to coincide with World Food Day on October 16, states that more than a billion people suffer from malnutrition and hunger worldwide, or about a seventh of the population. The number of such people was growing even before the global economic crisis, which only worsened the situation. “No country is immune to this problem, but as always, the poorest in the poorest countries suffer the most,” says a joint report by the UN World Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Food Programme.

Every seventh person is malnourished.

According to FAO, the Asia-Pacific region has the highest number of people suffering from hunger and malnutrition - 642 million people. It is followed by southern Africa, where there are 265 million such people. “According to FAO, in 2009 there were 1.02 billion people suffering from hunger and malnutrition in the world,” the report says. - This is more than in any period since 1970. These figures indicate a worsening of an unsatisfactory trend that predates the economic crisis." "If this trend is not reversed," the report's authors add, "the World Food Summit target of halving the number of undernourished people by 2015 to 420 million will not be met." .

The report, published in Rome, states that the economic crisis has reduced the flow of foreign investment, as well as remittances to poor countries from their citizens working abroad. This situation, as follows from the report, is aggravated by “relatively high” food prices. Real famine could break out in developing countries around the world if the international community does not take action to support agriculture in these countries, said Jacques Diouf, director general of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). “If nothing is done, we will face a situation where real famine will break out in these (developing - IF) countries,” he said on Friday, giving a lecture in Moscow. According to J. Diouf, there are currently 1 billion people in the world suffering from hunger and malnutrition. These people live in 20 countries in Africa, nine countries in Asia and the Middle East, as well as two Central American countries and countries in the Caribbean. J. Diouf said that in 2007-2008, due to rising food prices, the number of hungry and undernourished people in the world increased by 115 million people, and this trend continues to persist. The FAO Director-General is convinced that the international community must pay more attention to the development of agriculture, including small farms in developing countries. “We need to abandon the situation where only farmers in developed countries are truly supported. We must help the billion people who do not have access to sufficient food,” said J. Diouf. He said that there are 500 million small farms in the world, which, as he put it, “feed the whole world.” “They need to provide direct access to markets, this will allow them to attract investment in agriculture in developing countries and gain access to modern agricultural technologies,” noted the FAO Director General. He, in particular, noted that in the 70s of the last century, African countries were the largest exporters of agricultural products, but now most of them are importers. “In Africa, it is necessary to develop an irrigation system and roads. After all, many farms in Africa can only be reached by air in order to drop seeds from a helicopter by parachute,” noted the FAO Director General. He also highly appreciated Russia's initiative to hold a grain forum in St. Petersburg. “I am very glad that Russia has come up with such an initiative,” he emphasized. He recalled that Russia is one of the largest grain exporters, accounting for 8% of all grain exports in the world.

Famine in South Asia.

The reasons are rising prices for food and fuel, as well as the global economic crisis, according to a report by the UN Children's Fund. Compared to 2007, this year the number of hungry people in South Asia has increased by 100 million people, Interfax reports. The report says South Asian governments must take urgent action to increase funding for social programs. In addition, the challenges posed by global climate change and urbanization need to be addressed. The authors of the report remind that women and children suffer the most from the global economic crisis. Currently, Nepal, Bangladesh and Pakistan are the poorest countries in Asia. Nevertheless, the crisis did not spare even such an economic giant as India, whose citizens began to lose their jobs and send less money to their relatives from abroad. Asian governments should allocate more money to support the food sector, as well as education and health, the report says. Three-quarters of South Asia's population, about 1.2 billion people, live on less than $2 a day, according to the World Bank. In addition, more than 400 million people in this region are chronically hungry.

Therapeutic fasting is a time-limited voluntary refusal to eat food for health-improving and therapeutic purposes. The beneficial effect of such a measure was known in ancient times. Pythagoras and Plato practiced fasting, and Hippocrates and Avicenna recommended this remedy to their patients.

In Russia, the first scientific foundations of the method were laid back in the 18th century. Today, therapeutic fasting is used in clinics and institutes around the world. In general, this technique is the main one for combating excess weight. However, in the fight for health through fasting, several myths have arisen.

To lose weight, you need to starve or go on a diet. Practice shows that using this technique you can actually get rid of a certain amount of kilograms. However, returning to a normal lifestyle and, most importantly, nutrition will quickly return the fat to its position. The situation may even get worse, because the body seems to receive a bitter experience that will tell it to make more reserves. The next fasting will be met with desperate resistance from the body. As a result, after several such cycles of struggle with oneself, it will be possible to achieve a paradoxical result - even sitting on water alone, it will not be possible to lose weight.

The main enemy of fasting is appetite. Everyone has long known that we eat food when we are hungry. In reality, this does not always happen. Often we eat only when a command is received from the stomach that it wants to take food. At the same time, a person may not experience feelings of hunger as such; the stomach is simply accustomed to being full. To determine whether the desire to eat is true, it is suggested to do the following - eat a piece of stale black bread, you can even mentally. If the desire to eat further appears, then, consequently, there is also a feeling of hunger. Otherwise, there is a habit of just eating. Everyone has long known that the main enemy of overweight people is stress. It is he who is the reason for the gigantic appetite. In fact, appetite in this matter is superfluous. The American University of Berkeley discovered that stress helps the hormone cortisol produce its products, which, in turn, contributes to fat deposits.

Ten to fifteen years ago, fasting was considered a good way to get rid of various diseases. Now this method does not have many fans left, although it is even recognized by official medicine as a method of treatment. Most likely, the decline in interest was dictated by some disappointment - fasting turned out to be not as effective as many would like. Many nutrition experts generally believe that fasting is not only unhelpful, but even harmful. After all, the incorrect use of this method leads to the fact that waste and toxins produced when eating food can cause acidosis. When food intake is limited, the glucose level in the blood decreases, which leads to a lack of insulin. This results in incomplete combustion of fat in the cells. The result is the formation of acetone bodies, too much of which is dangerous for the body. It turns out. That it is fasting, and not nutrition, that leads to poisoning of the body. Proponents of fasting believe that this technique leads to the removal of all kinds of toxins from the body. In fact, it has been proven that even complete fasting does not lead to the removal of metabolic end products from the human body. Even the absence of food does not prevent toxins from continuing to form and be released, naturally, in smaller quantities. Scientists did not find any toxins in the body, except for the end products of metabolism. It turns out that their removal by fasting is simply impossible.

You can lose weight by skipping meals.

According to this myth, you can fast only partially, this will help in the fight against weight. However, for the body to function properly, a certain amount of calories and nutrients is required daily. By skipping any meals during the day, we will simply, willy-nilly, compensate for what is missing next time. According to research, people who skip breakfast regularly weigh more than those who eat a nutritious breakfast. The healthiest and most correct way to lose weight is to eat small portions of food frequently and regularly, which certainly includes nutrients, low-calorie and low-fat foods.

Each missed meal is characterized by slight weight loss.

As mentioned above, this approach does not make sense. After all, at the next meal a person will simply eat more, which means he will stabilize his weight.

Eating in moderation promotes a fixed weight.

But studies have shown a seemingly paradoxical fact - weight gain can be observed even with a moderate diet. It's all about fat; this effect will occur if the proportion of fat exceeds 50% of the total calorie content of food. And as noted, increasing the fat content of the diet does not add satiety to it. So it happens that a person can eat in moderation, feeling slightly hungry, but the weight still increases. Conversely, reducing the fat content of a diet significantly reduces its calorie content without affecting satiety. The best way to control weight is to choose a low-fat diet.

To lose weight you need to eat less often.

Many people believe that there is a direct relationship between the speed of weight loss and the size of the pauses between meals. It really exists, but not as much as we would like. If there are long pauses between meals, then the food center of the brain is in the stage of excitement. This creates that same constant feeling of hunger for a person. But it is known that it is difficult for such a person to control himself, so he eats more than necessary. Therefore, it is better for overweight people to eat no less than 4-5 times a day, limiting, of course, the amount of food. This will slow down the functions of the food center and dull the appetite.

You need to completely give up dinners.

It is considered wise to fast after 6 pm; it is believed that this method will prevent you from gaining weight. And this idea is very popular. However, in reality this measure does not bring the desired results. Our biorhythms are structured in such a way that in the first half of the day we spend energy more easily, and in the second half we accumulate it. If you forbid yourself to eat in the evenings, then this is fraught with insurmountable hunger and breakdowns. Don't you feel like making yourself a little sandwich late at night? So you can have dinner! You just need to try to ensure that the food you eat in the evening is not too greasy.

Late dinners lead to obesity.

This myth, which prevents people from having a normal dinner, has been completely debunked by scientists. They did not find any scientific basis behind the claim. The experiments were conducted by scientists at Oregon State University on monkeys. Late feeding in primates led to weight gain, but this process was no different from what happens to other individuals. So no connection was found between how late the animals fed and obesity. In addition, it is not so important what time of day you eat, what is important is how much and what exercises you do to lose weight. The body itself converts excess calories into fat. It would still be better to eat normally, even in the evening, than to snack semi-automatically, without bothering to count calories. If you really want to have a snack, then a couple of low-fat crackers or fruits will not spoil the picture with your weight.

Excessive food consumption is provoked by tasty odors.

Everyone has long known that delicious food smells provoke a feeling of appetite. We literally tremble with anticipation when attractive aromas emanate from the kitchen. It seems logical that this impatience will lead to excess in eating, which, in turn, will lead to problems with a slim figure. However, the situation is a little different. British nutritionists have come to astonishing conclusions. Those who quickly prepare food, literally eating it on the go, risk gaining much more weight than those who allow themselves to leisurely enjoy the smell and taste, enjoying the process of eating.

You can lose weight with a light breakfast.

But nutritionists have not found any connection between the density of breakfast and excess weight. Experts recommend eating 3-4 hours after sunrise. Then, during the day, hunger will not be so noticeable and it can easily be dulled with small snacks.

It is possible to lose weight without fasting.

You can often hear that losing weight is possible without limiting your food intake. However, this point of view is not always correct. Even when consuming any food, you still need to limit the number of calories you consume. This can be done by simply reducing the amount of food you eat. When trying to lose weight, you can actually end up eating your favorite foods, as long as you watch the amount of food you eat. In addition, we must remember that to lose weight you need to spend more calories than usual.

Snacking is harmful, it’s better to go hungry.

Doctors have long held this opinion. However, recent studies have shown that how often you eat is not so important. What is much more important is what exactly you eat. So there is nothing wrong with snacking between meals - just choose fruit or low-fat yogurt for this.

Mass famine

This map highlights countries where 5 million or more people are hungry. Countries are colored differently based on the percentage of the total population in the country that are hungry.

Mass famine- a social disaster caused by long-term food shortages and leading to mass death of the population in large regions.

Hunger is divided into absolute and relative.

Currently (2012) there are “sufficient resources to meet the food needs of the world”, but “economic, social and political difficulties continue to exist that prevent these needs from being met.”

From the large-scale mass famine currently ongoing in East Africa, between 50 and 100 thousand people died in 2011; as of May 2012, one in four of the 856 million population in sub-Saharan Africa is undernourished.

Famine in history

Mentions in the Bible

Joseph is a character in the Bible (“Genesis”, ch. 37-50). Pharaoh himself turned to Joseph for advice. Based on a dream, he correctly predicted 7 years of a good harvest and then 7 years of crop failure and famine, and advised him to accumulate a supply of grain during the abundant years. Pharaoh appreciated the wisdom and appointed Joseph in charge of the entire household. During the famine, Joseph managed the sale of grain. The narrative speaks of seven years of famine throughout the land. Because of hunger, Joseph's brothers, risking their lives, came to Egypt several times to buy bread.

The Prophet Elijah ("3rd Book of Kings", ch. 16-19 and "4th Book of Kings" ch. 1-2, 1-15) lived under the Israeli king Ahab, who worshiped the idol Baal (the sun) and forced so do the people. Elijah came to Ahab and in the name of God announced to him: “Because of your wickedness, there will be neither rain nor dew in these years, except through my prayer.” And so it happened. A terrible drought began; even the grass died, and famine set in. Elijah, by the will of God, settled in the desert near a stream, where ravens brought him bread and meat, and he drank water from the stream. When the stream dried up, God commanded the prophet to go to the pagan city of Zarephath of Sidon to a poor widow and live with her. This widow, who lived with her son, had only one handful of flour and a little oil left. Arriving in Zarephath, Elijah ordered her to bake a cake for him and promised that the flour and oil would not decrease until the Lord gave rain to the earth. The woman believed the prophet of God and did as he told her. A miracle happened. Her flour and oil did not decrease. Soon this widow's son fell ill and died. The prophet Elijah prayed to God three times over him, and the boy came to life. For three and a half years the famine and drought continued until the entire people of Israel fell to the ground in fear and exclaimed: “The Lord is the true God, the Lord is the true God!” After this, Elijah went to the top of the mountain and began to pray for rain. A wind blew from the sea, large clouds appeared in the sky and heavy rain began to fall.

Reports of famine are found in Bible prophecies about the last days (“For nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom, and there will be famines and pestilences,” Gospel of Matthew (24:6-8)).

Mass famine in Russia

Detailed description of the famine [ When?] in Russia gives N. M. Karamzin (“History of the Russian State”):

“The severe frost on September 14 killed everything in winter; Meanwhile, famine and pestilence were raging, the price of bread became unheard of: For a quarter of rye they already paid a hryvnia of silver or seven hryvnias in kunas. The poor ate moss, acorns, pine, elm leaves, linden bark, dogs, cats, and even human corpses; some even killed people to eat their flesh: but these evildoers were punished with death. Others, in desperation, set fire to the houses of surplus citizens who had grain in their granaries, and robbed them; and disorder and rebellion only increased the disaster. Soon the two new meager areas were filled with the dead, who were counted up to 42,000; on the streets, on the square, on the bridge, sleek dogs tormented many unburied bodies and the living abandoned babies; parents, in order not to hear the cries of their children, gave them as slaves to foreigners. “There was no pity among the people,” says the Chronicler: “it seemed that neither the father loved his son nor the mother loved his daughter. Neighbor did not want to steal bread from neighbor!“ Those who could, fled to other regions; but the evil was common to all of Russia, except for Kyiv: in Smolensk alone, then very populous, more than thirty thousand people died.”

Mass famine in Europe

Until the 19th century, mass famine was common in all countries. It was associated with crop failure. In the Middle Ages, every 8-10 years there was one year of famine with high mortality. The years 1030-1032 in France and 1280-1282 in Bohemia were especially difficult. According to contemporaries, the famine of 1125 reduced the population of Germany by half. Accompanying hunger were diseases, pestilence, robberies, murders and suicides; it came to the open devouring of children by parents (1505 in Hungary). A common and even legal measure was the expulsion of the poor outside the city limits, where they were doomed to starvation; in France, this measure was practiced back in the 17th century.

According to the US NSA in 2004-2005. Every day, 24,000 people around the world died from hunger.

Famine and overpopulation

List of countries with the highest mortality rate from famine - countries with the highest population density, lack of natural resources (primarily water), and religious prohibitions on birth control. In the worst condition are residents of countries where all three of these factors are present simultaneously (for example, Ethiopia). Providing food aid is only a delay - there is no water or fertile land for the newly born, and the situation is getting worse every year.

Consequences

The authors of the academic collection “Famine Demography: Perspectives from the Past and Present” note that during times of mass famine, more men than women usually die, and most lives are taken not by hunger as such, but by the diseases that inevitably accompany it. There are other consequences of mass starvation. For example, the number of suicides sharply increases, the birth rate decreases (after the end of the famine there is usually a short-term surge in the birth rate, which again turns into a decline), and the number of marriages decreases. Mass famine leads to a serious change in the demographic structure of the population: in particular, the proportion of children and old people sharply decreases and the proportion of women increases.

Politics and hunger

Stephen Devereux, the author of many studies on the causes of famine, published the book “Famine in the Twentieth Century” in 2000, in which he pays special attention to the situation in Africa, where, by the way, and most cases of famine occur. In his opinion, in this region of the world the main cause of hunger is armed conflicts, which destroy agriculture and lead to chaos in outside food delivery systems. Devereaux summarizes that "famine occurs only because no one tried to prevent it - it is allowed to occur." British Africanist Alex de Waal, author of many books on famine in Africa, the latest of which, Famine that Kills: Darfur, Sudan, argues that “any government that it is willing and able to take effective measures that can stop hunger.” They note that Africa has significant potential in the field of agriculture and, therefore, there is no reason for the continent to experience food shortages.

Mike Davis, in The Late Victorian Holocausts, describes the tragic situation that occurred in many parts of the world in the late 19th century. Then famine occurred in many regions of India, China, Brazil and Africa, the death rate from famine was incredibly high - the roads were literally covered with the bodies of the dead. The famine caused mass migrations of the population, led to robberies, murders and violence, the emergence of epidemics, etc. Davis emphasizes that in many cases the authorities reacted inadequately and very cynically to this disaster. For example, in those years, the volume of wheat exports from India to Europe broke all records, although millions of Indians were dying from lack of food. The authorities and grain traders explained their actions by the laws of free trade, since Europeans could pay more for grain than Indians. Davis believes that such actions by the authorities can be considered an act of genocide.

In our time, one of the most prominent activists in the fight against hunger is the American academic Raj Patel.

Notes

Links

// Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: In 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional ones). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.

Natural disasters
Earth	Avalanches Earthquakes Lahar Mudflow Volcanic eruptions
Water	Floods Limnological eruptions Tsunamis
Weather	Blizzards Cyclonic storms Droughts Hail storms Heat waves Tornadoes
Fire	forest fire

Fasting is a panacea for many diseases. Ten to fifteen years ago, fasting was considered a good way to get rid of various diseases. Now this method does not have many fans left, although it is even recognized by official medicine as a method of treatment. Most likely, the decline in interest was dictated by some disappointment - fasting turned out to be not as effective as many would like. Many nutrition experts generally believe that fasting is not only unhelpful, but even harmful. After all, the incorrect use of this method leads to the fact that waste and toxins produced when eating food can cause acidosis. When food intake is limited, the glucose level in the blood decreases, which leads to a lack of insulin. This results in incomplete combustion of fat in the cells. The result is the formation of acetone bodies, too much of which is dangerous for the body. It turns out. That it is fasting, and not nutrition, that leads to poisoning of the body. Proponents of fasting believe that this technique leads to the removal of all kinds of toxins from the body. In fact, it has been proven that even complete fasting does not lead to the removal of metabolic end products from the human body. Even the absence of food does not prevent toxins from continuing to form and be released, naturally, in smaller quantities. Scientists did not find any toxins in the body, except for the end products of metabolism. It turns out that their removal by fasting is simply impossible.

You can lose weight by skipping meals. According to this myth, you can fast only partially, this will help in the fight against weight. However, for the body to function properly, a certain amount of calories and nutrients is required daily. By skipping any meals during the day, we will simply, willy-nilly, compensate for what is missing next time. According to research, people who skip breakfast regularly weigh more than those who eat a nutritious breakfast. The healthiest and most correct way to lose weight is to eat small portions of food frequently and regularly, which certainly includes nutrients, low-calorie and low-fat foods.

Each missed meal is characterized by slight weight loss. As mentioned above, this approach does not make sense. After all, at the next meal a person will simply eat more, which means he will stabilize his weight.

Eating in moderation promotes a fixed weight. But studies have shown a seemingly paradoxical fact - weight gain can be observed even with a moderate diet. It's all about fat; this effect will occur if the proportion of fat exceeds 50% of the total calorie content of food. And as noted, increasing the fat content of the diet does not add satiety to it. So it happens that a person can eat in moderation, feeling slightly hungry, but the weight still increases. Conversely, reducing the fat content of a diet significantly reduces its calorie content without affecting satiety. The best way to control weight is to choose a low-fat diet.

To lose weight you need to eat less often. Many people believe that there is a direct relationship between the speed of weight loss and the size of the pauses between meals. It really exists, but not as much as we would like. If there are long pauses between meals, then the food center of the brain is in the stage of excitement. This creates that same constant feeling of hunger for a person. But it is known that it is difficult for such a person to control himself, so he eats more than necessary. Therefore, it is better for overweight people to eat no less than 4-5 times a day, limiting, of course, the amount of food. This will slow down the functions of the food center and dull the appetite.

You need to completely give up dinners. It is considered wise to fast after 6 pm; it is believed that this method will prevent you from gaining weight. And this idea is very popular. However, in reality this measure does not bring the desired results. Our biorhythms are structured in such a way that in the first half of the day we spend energy more easily, and in the second half we accumulate it. If you forbid yourself to eat in the evenings, then this is fraught with insurmountable hunger and breakdowns. Don't you feel like making yourself a little sandwich late at night? So you can have dinner! You just need to try to ensure that the food you eat in the evening is not too greasy.

Late dinners lead to obesity. This myth, which prevents people from having a normal dinner, has been completely debunked by scientists. They did not find any scientific basis behind the claim. The experiments were conducted by scientists at Oregon State University on monkeys. Late feeding in primates led to weight gain, but this process was no different from what happens to other individuals. So no connection was found between how late the animals fed and obesity. In addition, it is not so important what time of day you eat, what is important is how much and what exercises you do to lose weight. The body itself converts excess calories into fat. It would still be better to eat normally, even in the evening, than to snack semi-automatically, without bothering to count calories. If you really want to have a snack, then a couple of low-fat crackers or fruits will not spoil the picture with your weight.

Excessive food consumption is provoked by tasty odors. Everyone has long known that delicious food smells provoke a feeling of appetite. We literally tremble with anticipation when attractive aromas emanate from the kitchen. It seems logical that this impatience will lead to excess in eating, which, in turn, will lead to problems with a slim figure. However, the situation is a little different. British nutritionists have come to astonishing conclusions. Those who quickly prepare food, literally eating it on the go, risk gaining much more weight than those who allow themselves to leisurely enjoy the smell and taste, enjoying the process of eating.

You can lose weight with a light breakfast. But nutritionists have not found any connection between the density of breakfast and excess weight. Experts recommend eating 3-4 hours after sunrise. Then, during the day, hunger will not be so noticeable and it can easily be dulled with small snacks.

It is possible to lose weight without fasting. You can often hear that losing weight is possible without limiting your food intake. However, this point of view is not always correct. Even when consuming any food, you still need to limit the number of calories you consume. This can be done by simply reducing the amount of food you eat. When trying to lose weight, you can actually end up eating your favorite foods, as long as you watch the amount of food you eat. In addition, we must remember that to lose weight you need to spend more calories than usual.

Snacking is harmful, it’s better to go hungry. Doctors have long held this opinion. However, recent studies have shown that how often you eat is not so important. What is much more important is what exactly you eat. So there is nothing wrong with snacking between meals - just choose fruit or low-fat yogurt for this.

Holodomor in Ukraine: myth or reality? and got the best answer

Answer from Nikolay[guru]
Documents refute the myth about deliberate famine in Ukraine
The encryption indicates the real reasons for the hunger strike and asks for help, and help is provided instantly.
- Resolution of the Politburo “On the seed loan to Ukraine” dated March 19, 1932 (RGASPI. F. 17. Op. 162. D. 12. L. 31. P. 41/4).
- Resolution of the Council of Labor and Defense of the USSR on the seed loan to Ukraine dated March 20, 1932 (RGAE. F. 8043. Op. 11. D. 46. L. 194. Certified copy).
- Resolution of the Politburo “On seeds for Ukraine” dated April 4, 1932 (RGASPI. F. 17. Op. 162. D. 12. L. 84. P. 41/6).
- Resolution of the Politburo “On seeds for the Ukrainian SSR” dated April 5, 1932 (RGASPI. F. 17. Op. 162. D. 12. L. 84. P. 45/10).
- Resolution of the Politburo “On seed assistance to Ukraine” dated April 19, 1932 (RGASPI. F. 17. Op. 162. D. 12. L. 108. P. 29/6).
- Resolution of the Politburo “On the seed loan to Ukraine” (additional interest-free seed loan to collective farms) of April 28, 1932 (RGASPI. F. 17. Op. 162. D. 12. L. 115. P. 33/9).
- Resolution of the Politburo “On the seed loan of the Central Chernozem Region and the Kyiv Region” dated June 8, 1932 (RGASPI. F. 17. Op. 162. D. 12. L. 176. P. 87/43).
- Resolution of the Politburo “On seed loan” (Kazakhstan, Bashkortostan, Dnepropetrovsk region) dated March 11, 1933 (RGASPI. F. 17. Op. 162. D. 14. L. 98. P. 44/24).
- Politburo decision on sowing in Ukraine (on issuing an additional seed loan) dated April 5, 1933 (RGASPI. F. 17. Op. 3. D. 920. L. 4. P. 10/7).
- Resolution of the Politburo “On sowing in the North Caucasus and Ukraine” (additional semssud) dated April 15, 1933 (RGASPI. F. 17. Op. 162. D. 14. L. 122. P. 73/49).

Reply from Afanasy Vestibularsky[guru]
real myth

Reply from SUnset man[guru]
Reality. The Holodomor in Ukraine is recognized by many countries around the world. Just like the famine of 1948.

Reply from Yopartan[guru]
In general, everyone was starving then. Therefore, the “Holodomor in Ukraine” is a myth. Nobody starved them. But hunger in the country as a whole is not a myth.

Reply from Resident_PC Resident[guru]
How the fuck can you know about this? You can shove your articles deeper into your head! My grandmother and grandfather talked about those times, not from the yellow headlines of the Internet. And don’t give a damn about your amers!

Reply from Oleg Shevchuk[guru]
Everyone already admits that there was a famine in Ukraine.
All that remains is to admit that the famine was ARTIFICIAL.
And the fact that in other parts of the former USSR they also starved
people, so WHAT does this cancel or change?
As a Ukrainian, I can only sympathize with people
from the Volga region, Kazakhstan, Kuban and other regions
those whose ancestors died of artificial starvation
created by our own government.
In Ukraine they always talked about Kuban.
P.S. Two facts indicate that hunger
was created artificially:
1) there was no famine in the cities and even many did not know about it
2) wheat exports were very high, more on that in
Americans also wrote about how their farmers
went bankrupt because they could not compete with prices
for Soviet wheat. (this is clear to Stalin
the grain did not cost anything at all - it was not purchased,
but simply confiscated - confiscated)

Reply from Prince[guru]
The entire USSR was starving thanks to the mustachioed degenerate, but most of all, Ukraine and the Volga region caused the famine by commies who took away grain and sold it abroad

Reply from Han[guru]
I don’t know what Holodomor is, since it’s a made-up term, but there was famine. And not only in Ukraine, as the Svidomo Ukrainians want to impose their opinion on us, but throughout the country. According to some reports, famine occurred not only in the USSR, but this information has not been verified.

Reply from Alexander Karelin[guru]
since the crests are alive, it means there was no famine

Reply from Yafael M[guru]

Reply from Yokif[guru]
famine occurred only where they did not want to sow more than their own needs required. on those collective farms where they sowed in accordance with the government directive, there was no famine. this only applies to Ukraine; there was a crop failure in the Volga region.

Reply from PTRKEH SYIok[newbie]
Half-myth

Reply from Malevich's model[guru]
The whole country was starving

Reply from Yoon Err[guru]
It was a famine throughout the USSR and in Ukraine it also happened, as well as in the Volga region and other breadbasket regions, now it is difficult to understand the true reasons, some say that it was created artificially, some argue that a terrible drought was to blame and that this is a natural aspect, but the fact remains that it was in history, it’s just that some people use it as a tool, even the United States, which is playing its own geopolitical game in this.

Reply from Gina Lollobrigida[guru]
In capital letters REALITY

Reply from Alexander 7628[guru]
its organizers are trying to turn the tables and propose to determine what it was, an intentional crime, or criminal negligence? Well, the most vile ones shout “was there a boy?”

Reply from Schoolgirl Anna[guru]
You can shout as much as you like: “Myth!”, but the facts say otherwise.

Here in 1933, children were collecting frozen potatoes in the field - the people were starving again.

For the same reason, pioneers collect spikelets in the field - 1934.

But these peasants receive millet for workdays for a free year of work on the collective farm - 1931.

And these are dispossessed “rich people” kicked out of their homes - the 30s.

Here it is: “Glory to the CPSU”