A tumor in the uterus, called fibroids, is one of the TOP 5 most common pathologies of the reproductive organ. It can be single, but in some cases several formations develop at once. As a rule, in the plural, a subserous myomatous node may appear on the uterus. Education has almost no effect on the uterus, but significantly affects the functioning of neighboring organs.

What is subserous fibroid: symptoms and cause of appearance

Depending on the location of the node, uterine fibroids are divided into several types: intramural, submucous, interstitial, node in the cervix and subserous. We will consider the features of the latter in this article.

The subserous node arises on the outer membrane of the genital organ and grows towards the pelvic cavity. It is located on a wide base or on a pedicle, which is attached to the muscle layer. A characteristic feature of this type of formation is its multiplicity. This means that the uterus may be littered with nodules.

It is possible to establish an accurate diagnosis in the initial stages only with the help of ultrasound. However, even during a routine examination, an experienced gynecologist may suspect something is wrong during palpation. Heterogeneity of the uterus, uneven contours of the organ and an enlarged abdomen are reasons to send the patient for additional examination to determine the size and location of a possible formation.

The main reasons for the formation of a tumor are a failure in hormone levels and heredity. However, for a healthy woman who leads a healthy lifestyle and has good immunity, these factors are almost harmless.

The impetus for the development of a tumor can be:

• surgical interventions in the genital area, abortions and curettage. All these manipulations can damage the muscle layer of the reproductive organ and provoke a new disease.
• the presence of tumors in the breast or ovaries;
• prolonged use of birth control pills;
• inflammatory processes in the genitourinary system.

It is characterized by mild symptoms, since it almost does not penetrate the wall of the uterus. If the base of the tumor has grown deeply into the muscle layer, the following problems may occur:

• Uterine fibroids, located near the fallopian tubes, block their patency, making fertilization and consolidation of the egg impossible. As a result, a woman cannot conceive a child.
• If pregnancy does occur, fibroids can cause hemorrhages in the placenta, which leads to miscarriage.
• Failure of menstruation, which is accompanied by heavy discharge and bleeding in the middle of the cycle.

Yet, these violations are rare. Often, subserous uterine fibroids affect the functioning of other systems. Indeed, sometimes it can grow up to 10 cm in diameter. With such dimensions, pressure on the internal organs is inevitable. In particular, the following consequences may occur:

• disruption of the functioning of neighboring organs - kidneys, intestines, which is fraught with constipation and frequent urination;
• abdominal pain due to pressure on nerve receptors. The sensations intensify during menstruation, sexual intercourse, and physical activity.

The most dangerous thing that can happen with this type of formation is the twisting of the node located on the stem. This can happen as a result of sudden movements or heavy stress on the abs. The vessels that feed the tumor rupture, causing necrosis of tumor tissue. This may be indicated by the following symptoms, which occur immediately:

• severe dizziness and fainting;
• increase in temperature;
• sharp increasing pain;
• rapid heartbeat;
• In case of infection, the body becomes intoxicated.

As a rule, in such a situation, surgical intervention is indicated.

Diagnosis and treatment

Modern medicine offers several ways to treat tumors. This can be surgical intervention or conservative treatment with hormonal drugs. Medicines are used if the formation has not reached the size of a 12-week pregnancy, develops sluggishly and is not accompanied by pronounced symptoms.

Doctors can prescribe different groups of drugs:

• Agonists interfere with the production of sex hormones by the ovaries. In this way, the growth of fibroids can be suppressed. Often, education even decreases.
• Antigonadotropic drugs stop the development of fibroids, but are not able to reduce the formation.

If necessary, anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as medications that alleviate the course of the disease, can be prescribed.

In addition, treatment may be accompanied by the use of dietary supplements and herbal medicine. The use of any drug must be agreed with a doctor. It is dangerous to treat yourself with folk remedies, because by affecting the tumor, herbs can negatively affect the functioning of other organs. Therefore, before recommending treatment with herbal remedies, the doctor conducts a thorough examination and prescribes tests.

If drugs are powerless, then surgery is indicated. The most gentle method is myomectomy. It involves minimal intervention and is indicated primarily for girls who want to conceive and give birth to a child.

In some cases, uterine artery embolization is effective - a microsurgical operation during which the uterine artery is blocked with special drugs. This manipulation blocks the blood flow to the node, stopping its nutrition.

In advanced cases, radical surgical intervention is indicated - removal of the node and uterus, and in some cases also the ovaries.

Special diet for subserous fibroids

Maintaining proper nutrition promotes a speedy recovery. Recommended:

• Eliminate fried and fatty foods from your diet.
• Eat vegetables and fruits daily. A large amount of food of plant origin speeds up metabolism and normalizes intestinal microflora.
• Dairy products and nuts help restore hormone levels.

Doctors insist that the patient give up high-calorie foods. Extra pounds are dangerous with this type of education. A special diet for uterine fibroids will not only help prevent other chronic formations, but will also contribute to the speedy recovery of the body when treatment is completed.

As a rule, doctors advise:

• Eat whole grain cereals. The same goes for bread. This way the body will receive a lot of useful fiber.
• Saturate the body with vitamins in the form of berries - fresh or frozen. Drinking grape juice once a week is a guarantee of restoring hormonal balance.
• Introduce sea fish into your diet about three times a week. It is useful for various ailments.

• Consume flax seeds to normalize intestinal function.
• Eat nuts and beans in any form. The body needs them every day.
• Drink milk or low-fat kefir every other day.
• Avoid coffee and black tea. You can replace hot drinks with green tea or rosehip decoction.
• Among the different types of oils, choose the healthiest one – olive oil. It prevents the development of the node.
• Avoid alcohol. Only on holidays can you afford a glass of red wine.

It is worth paying attention to individual products that should be consumed strictly limit or completely eliminate from the diet:

• Everything floury and sweet in the form of buns, cakes and pastries is taboo.
• Smoked meats, fatty meats and lard are also prohibited.
• Butter can be consumed in quantities of no more than 25 grams per day, margarine - not at all.
• Processed, smoked, sausage and even hard cheeses with high fat content should also be excluded.

Steam or stew food. Dishes prepared in this way are the healthiest for the body.

A disease such as fibroids is diagnosed quite often; one of its most common forms is when the myomatous node is located on the anterior wall of the uterus. As a rule, for most women this feature of the disease means practically nothing, however, it is extremely important to distinguish between the types of nodes and their locations. This is necessary in order to know what exactly can be expected from a particular form of the disease. That is why we will consider in detail the features of the location of the seal on the anterior wall of the uterus.

What does fibroid mean for a woman?

This disease is one of the most common; the frequency of its diagnosis in middle-aged women is approximately 5 cases per 100 people. Very often, the form of the disease that involves the appearance of formations in the body of the uterus is diagnosed. But sometimes formations are diagnosed in the neck of the organ.

For quite a long time, middle-aged women were considered the main risk group for developing this disease. But recently the frequency of its diagnosis in younger women has increased by 20%.

The disease itself can be characterized as the formation and development of a benign tumor. Many experts believe that its appearance is associated with the influence of hormones, namely excess estrogen.

Reasons

Most experts think that it is excess estrogen that provokes the appearance of fibroids. But some also believe that it can occur due to a hereditary predisposition.
In addition, scientists were additionally able to establish a number of factors that may affect its appearance:

• Artificial termination of pregnancy.
• Mechanical influence.
• Development of gynecological diseases.
• Unbalanced diet.
• Excess body weight.
• Psychological factors.
• Diseases of the cardiovascular system.

Signs

Most women who have had this disease note that uterine fibroids go away without any special symptoms. However, the development of such a disease as fibroids can be determined by certain signs:

• Problematic menstruation.
• Pain in the lower abdomen.
• Pain during sexual intercourse.
• Pain in the lumbar region.
• Urinary disorders.
• Infertility.

For successful treatment, it is very important to diagnose the disease at the initial stages of its development, so if you find signs that may indicate its formation, you need to seek advice from a specialist.

This disease has several forms in which it can manifest itself; most often, experts subdivide them depending on their location:

• Subserous type. This type is characterized by the fact that the seal can be in several places at the same time. As a rule, it is found on the outer surface and under the shell.
• Submucosal type. The seals characteristic of this type are located under the mucous membrane of the uterus.
• Interstitial type. It is characterized by the appearance of a fairly large compaction in the muscle layer.
• On a leg. This type is one of the most specific. Characteristic seals grow on a narrow base. This type of fibroid occurs quite rarely; the reasons for its occurrence are completely unknown. Most often treated by removal.

Most often, during diagnosis, not one, but several seals are discovered. This type of disease is called multiple uterine fibroids.

Most cases of diagnosis of this disease involve multiple manifestations of nodes. Eliminating this type of disease is more difficult than a single node.

When can a node grow in the uterus?

The form of the disease, which implies the location of the compaction in the organ, is called subserous. This type of disease is also called nodular uterine fibroids.

It is characterized by the fact that the node can be located on two types of bases - thick and thin. As a rule, if a node is located on a wide base, then most often it quickly grows and begins to compress neighboring organs. At the same time, the knot located on a thin leg may begin to twist, thereby stopping the power supply. However, with insufficient blood supply to the node, necrosis develops, which leads to a number of serious complications.

As a rule, fibroids of this type can develop for quite a long time and during this entire period practically do not make themselves felt. Most often, they are diagnosed when a woman develops quite serious complications due to their development.

What do the nodes located on the front wall lead to?

Depending on the location of the seal, its effect on the body varies. As a rule, if the node is located on the front wall, then its enlargement can lead to:

• Compression of the bladder.
• The occurrence of problems with the ureters.
• Having problems with urination.
• Development of pyelonephritis.
• Impaired kidney function.

If the knot on the front wall was fastened using a narrow base, it may become twisted.

As a rule, uterine fibroids with this complication are accompanied by quite severe pain. With this development of events, the woman will most likely be prescribed surgery to remove the tumor.

If a node of significant size is located on the posterior wall of the organ, then its enlargement can lead to:

• Compression of the rectum.
• Development of constipation.

How is the disease diagnosed?

Most often, this disease is discovered during a gynecological examination. If a specialist suspects its occurrence, he may prescribe additional tests, including:

• Ultrasound diagnostics.
• Magnetic resonance therapy.
• Hysteroscopy.
• Laparoscopy.

Completing additional studies allows you to make the diagnosis as accurately as possible and determine the size and location of the seals.

How can you help yourself?

First of all, if you have been diagnosed with this disease, you should take certain measures.

It is best to immediately determine the optimal diet for yourself. It is worth excluding spicy, salty and smoked dishes from the menu. It is also necessary to strictly control the level of carbohydrates and fats.

During the treatment of the disease, you should abandon any procedures associated with thermal exposure. As a rule, visits to baths, saunas and solariums are excluded.

Also, in order not to provoke an increase in compaction, it is necessary to temporarily abandon various types of physical procedures. This applies even to those cases where massage is necessary to treat other diseases.

In addition, as prescribed by a doctor, it is possible to use drugs to normalize hormonal levels. Very often, specialists prescribe monophasic estrogen or hormonal contraceptives. Taking this kind of medicine is aimed at preventing the increase in compactions and their malignancy.

When is treatment with medication possible?

Most often, treatment with medications leads to the tumor becoming thicker and the blood flow in it decreasing. This factor, in turn, helps to reduce its size. When the initial size of the tumor was insignificant, such exposure can significantly improve the woman’s condition and reduce the symptoms. However, it is worth noting that treatment with medications is only possible under the supervision of a doctor.

If the tumor is large enough, then most likely the specialist will insist on its removal.

In this case, medication may be prescribed to reduce the risk of heavy blood loss during surgery and to prevent complications. In addition, certain medications may be used to prepare for surgery.

In what cases is surgery necessary?

The specialist will prescribe surgery without fail if the disease threatens the woman’s life or can cause serious complications.

As a rule, a specialist determines the type of operation, taking into account various factors. Most often, preference is given to minimally invasive intervention methods that help maintain the health of the uterus.

To summarize, we can say that uterine fibroids are becoming more common every year. A fairly large number of factors lead to its development, among which hereditary predisposition and changes in hormonal levels can be particularly highlighted.

In total, experts distinguish 4 forms of the disease. They are usually distinguished based on where the node is located. Most often, women suffering from the development of this disease are diagnosed with the subserous form.

With this form, the seals grow into the uterine cavity. Very often, the development of compactions on the anterior wall of the organ is detected. When significantly enlarged, nodes located in this area can lead to bladder problems. This form of the disease can be diagnosed during a routine visit to the gynecologist. As a rule, if the formation of this disease is suspected, a specialist will prescribe additional studies to clarify the diagnosis. Depending on the size of the lumps and the woman’s condition, the specialist will choose the optimal form of treatment. Most often, treatment takes place in a conservative form, however, if the compaction is large or it affects the organs, then most likely the treatment will be surgical. The form of such intervention is determined in agreement with the woman and taking into account the characteristics of the disease. Timely consultation with a doctor and proper treatment will help maintain health.

The disease is otherwise called leiomyoma, myoma or fibroma. Pathology is often diagnosed in women after thirty years of age. With the onset of menopause, the nodes on the anterior or posterior wall of the uterus usually regress.

The wall of the uterus consists of three layers.

• Perimetry. This is the outer layer of the uterine wall, including the peritoneum and peri-uterine tissue.
• Endometrium. This layer of the uterine wall is otherwise called internal.
• The endometrium is represented by a basal and functional layer. The functional layer grows and is rejected every cycle under the influence of hormones. The basal layer provides functional growth.
• Myometrium. It is the source of the described tumor. Myomatous nodes are localized in the muscle layer of the uterine wall.

Momatous nodes are presented in various types.

• Interstitial node or intramural myomatous node. This type is formed in the muscular uterine wall, for example, anterior or posterior. If the tumor does not extend beyond the myometrium, such a node is called intramural.
• The submucosal node is located inside the mucous membrane of the uterine wall.
• The subserous node is located directly under the serous membrane on the outside of the organ.
• The retroperitoneal node grows from the lower sections, for example, the cervical part.
• The intraligamentous node is located between the leaves of the broad ligament.

Nodes can develop:

By number and size, myomatous nodes can be:

• single and multiple;
• large, medium and small.

Nodes can attach to the uterine wall:

• on a leg;
• on a wide base.

The interstitial myomatous node, located on the anterior or posterior wall of the uterus, is a hormone-dependent pathology. This type is detected in approximately 60% of cases of the total number of nodes. Only 5% of interstitial or intramural nodes are localized in the cervical region.

Interstitial nodes come in several forms.

• Intramural nodes do not extend beyond the boundaries of the anterior or posterior wall of the uterus.
• Interstitial-submucosal neoplasms grow inside the uterine cavity.
• Interstitial submucosal tumors progress outward or toward the peritoneum.

Typically, interstitial myomatous nodes along the anterior wall of the uterus develop latently. Localization inside the uterine wall causes a disruption of contractile function, which causes a characteristic clinical picture.

Reasons

The etiology and pathogenesis of a disease such as uterine fibroids have not been sufficiently studied. In modern gynecology, three hypotheses are actively being developed:

• congenital structural features of the uterine wall caused by intrauterine developmental disorders;
• a tumor of the muscular wall of the uterus is considered by some authors as hyperplasia rather than a tumor formation;
• acquired pathology that develops as a result of repeated surgical interventions.

Interstitial or intramural uterine fibroids go through several stages of development:

• the appearance of a zone of increased growth in the area of ​​localization of small-caliber spiral arteries of the uterus;
• progression of a microscopic nodule;
• macroscopic appearance of the neoplasm.

The following factors can provoke the growth of interstitial or intramural fibroids along the anterior and posterior wall of the uterus:

• endocrine disorders;
• multiple surgical procedures;
• excess weight;
• lack of physical activity;
• high blood pressure in women under 30 years of age;
• family history aggravated by the disease;
• onset of menstruation before age 11;
• late first birth;
• stress;
• venous stagnation.

Interstitial and intramural myomatous tumors have different rates of progression. The volume of neoplasms is measured in weeks of pregnancy. Large uterine leiomyoma causes its deformation.

Symptoms

Signs of intramural or interstitial fibroma depend on the location along the anterior and posterior wall of the uterus, the number and size of tumors. In particular, an interstitial subserous tumor does not have pronounced symptoms when its volume is small.

Multiple uterine fibroids, as well as large tumors, have the following manifestations:

• compression of the bladder and intestines;
• discomfort or heaviness in the lower abdomen;
• pelvic pain, intensifying during menstruation;
• acyclic bleeding;
• increase in the amount of menstrual flow;
• shortness of breath and tachycardia;
• anemia.

Often, an interstitial or intramural node on the anterior wall of the uterus causes a constant urge to urinate. Myoma located in the cervical region can cause defecation problems and discomfort during sexual intercourse.

Large uterine fibroids often cause organ deformation, infertility and miscarriage. It has been proven that interstitial leiomyoma can lead to various complications during childbirth.

Diagnosis and treatment

Often, pathology is detected during a routine examination. It is possible to identify a myomatous formation located, in particular, along the anterior wall of the uterus using:

• gynecological ultrasound of the pelvic organs;
• examination by a doctor on a chair using palpation;
• computer and magnetic resonance imaging;
• hysteroscopy;
• laparoscopy.

During treatment, the following types of examination have diagnostic value:

• analysis of hormone levels, which helps prescribe adequate drug therapy;

• Dopplerography, which examines blood flow in the formation before embolization of the uterine arteries;
• diagnosis of tumor markers to exclude malignant neoplasms.

Interstitial or intramural myomatous nodes have a favorable prognosis. These formations have a low oncological risk, progress relatively slowly, and at the initial stage of the disease they are not accompanied by pronounced manifestations.

Treatment of the intramural form of the disease includes several tactics:

Watchful waiting is used for small nodules that do not cause severe symptoms. The patient regularly visits the gynecologist and undergoes examination. As the disease progresses, conservative or surgical treatment is performed. Many doctors consider wait-and-see tactics to be wrong. In the absence of timely treatment, interstitial or intramural myomatous nodes can rapidly progress, leading to the need for surgical intervention.

Drug or conservative treatment is used for fibroids up to 12 weeks. A prerequisite for drug therapy is the absence of dysfunction of neighboring organs. The patient is prescribed hormonal medications to stop the progression of interstitial neoplasms and reduce the manifestations of the disease. Drug therapy is often prescribed before surgery to stabilize fibroid growth.

Surgical intervention is the main type of treatment for myomatous nodes, including interstitial or intramural types. The manipulation can be carried out:

• organ-preserving method through laparoscopic and laparotomy myomectomy, uterine artery embolization and FUS ablation;
• radical technique using hysterectomy and hysterectomy.

Organ-preserving tactics are recommended for patients of reproductive age. It is advisable to plan pregnancy no earlier than six months after removal of myomatous formations. Radical treatment methods are carried out with concomitant loss of a muscular organ and oncological suspicion.

Surgical treatment is necessarily combined with hormonal and antibacterial drug therapy, which helps prevent many complications and relapses of the pathology.

Symptoms, causes of development and therapy for interstitial fibroids

Many women and young girls may encounter in their lives such a disease as uterine fibroids. It is one of the most common ailments in gynecology. There are several types of this disease, the most common being interstitial fibroids. It is more typical for young women of childbearing age, that is, from 20 to 30 years.

Failure to diagnose and treat it in a timely manner can cause problems with conceiving a child.

General information and causes of pathology

Interstitial uterine fibroids are the excessive formation of new muscle cells inside the walls of the uterus, which gradually form into a myomatous node. This type of fibroid is a benign tumor.

It is divided into two main types:

1. Subserous-interstitial, when neoplasms appear on the outside of the muscular wall of the uterus, and due to their growth, they gradually begin to put pressure on nearby organs, creating constant pain.
2. Submucosal-interstitial, which is the appearance of a tumor inside the uterus, due to which the patient’s organ may become enlarged, and accordingly, the abdomen quickly grows, which resembles the 20th week of pregnancy.

Interstitial fibroids are characterized precisely by their nodular structure of cellular neoplasms. The nodes can reach various sizes and are rather dense accumulations of muscle cells.

Their location can be absolutely anything, namely:

• inside the muscular layer of the uterus, without going beyond it;
• along its back or front wall;
• outside the organ, which puts significant pressure on neighboring organs in the peritoneum;
• in the internal cavity of the uterus, absolutely anywhere both in the body of the organ and closer to its bottom.

Myomatous nodes can be single or numerous. The course of the disease, accompanied by symptoms of different nature, depends on their total number and location.

Interstitial uterine fibroids develop mainly against the background of a woman’s hormonal imbalance. An increase in female sex hormones leads to the fact that the smooth muscle cells of the uterine walls begin to actively divide and increase in number. Gradually, so-called interstitial nodes are formed, which are characteristic specifically for this type of fibroid.

Disruptions at the hormonal level can be caused by a number of reasons, including:

• excess excess weight;
• poor nutrition;
• promiscuous sex life;
• lack of sexual intercourse;
• frequent abortions and certain interventions (curettage);
• decreased immunity;
• disruption of the endocrine system;
• constant stress and mental disorders;
• the presence of chronic diseases of the pelvic organs;
• overwork and constant lack of sleep, etc.

Very often, the cause of the development of the disease is a genetic predisposition transmitted from generation to generation through the female line.

Symptoms and signs of the disease

Depending on where the myomatous node or nodes formed, the symptoms of the disease will manifest themselves differently.

Their total number includes:

• heavy and prolonged periods, with severe pain and clots;
• bleeding during the cycle;
• the presence of traces of blood in the discharge;
• constant pain of a certain nature in the lower abdomen;
• disruption of the intestines and urinary system.

Signs of an interstitial node on the anterior and posterior wall

If a myomatous node has formed on the back wall of the uterus, at first it will hardly make itself known. If it grows or additional similar nodes form, constant nagging pain appears in the lower back, radiating to the sacrum area. They usually get worse during menstruation.

Interstitial uterine fibroids on the anterior wall are characterized by the rapid appearance of a belly, which is typical for pregnant women, regardless of the direction of growth of the node: external or internal, into the uterine cavity. In this case, the woman will feel more sharp and cramping pain, especially before defecation. Pain may also be felt when feeling the abdomen.

Symptoms of subserous-interstitial type of fibroids

This species is characterized by the location of the myomatous node, both the main and additional ones, on the outside of the uterus. Their small size does not cause any particular inconvenience, and practically does not show any signs.

If they increase in size, then pressure occurs on the organs of the peritoneum, primarily on the intestines, bladder and ureters. As a result, the functioning of these organs occurs. There is constant pain and discomfort in the entire abdominal area.

Problems with stool begin, constipation appears, and gases are difficult to pass. The tumor can completely block the ureters, and therefore urine flow may stop. With constant pressure on the bladder, the woman will experience a constant urge to go to the toilet.

Signs of submucosal-intrestial type of fibroids

In this case, nodes form and grow inside the uterine cavity, damaging and disrupting the integrity of the delicate and loose walls. The main difference is a sharp increase in size of the organ, in the case of a larger node or a large number of them.

A clear sign will be bleeding and traces of blood, as well as heavy periods. Menstruation is accompanied by severe pain. Pain and pain in the lower abdomen will almost always be present. In case of inflammation of myomatous nodes, the state of health sharply worsens and the body temperature rises.

Diagnosis and treatment

For timely diagnosis of the problem, a mandatory preventive visit to the gynecologist is required at least once a year, and preferably twice. Upon examination, the doctor can almost immediately suspect an illness based on the patient’s complaints, and an ultrasound of the genitals and pelvic organs will show a more accurate picture of the neoplasm.

Any disease can be treated well in the initial stages, and to eliminate the risk of its development, it is recommended to follow certain preventive measures.

If interstitial fibroids are diagnosed, constant monitoring of its development is required. Under no circumstances should you let the disease take its course and leave it to chance. There is a certain risk of a benign tumor developing into a malignant one, which is a threat to the patient’s life.

Depending on what stage of development the nodes are at, as well as their number, size and location, the selection of the most effective treatment depends. Sometimes it takes some time to analyze their changes and growth in dynamics. Various types of chronic diseases in women are also taken into account.

The main methods of treating interstitial nodes are:

1. Drug therapy and physiotherapy. Possible and effective in the initial stages of fibroid development, as well as in the presence of small nodes. The main goal of this method is to stop the growth of the tumor and reduce its size to a minimum. Special hormonal complex agents are used. Physiotherapy, in turn, makes it possible to influence the tumor using hardware radio waves of certain frequencies, which subsequently leads to the death of tumors.
2. Laser treatment on the main areas of the affected area. It involves the impact of a laser beam on the accessible areas of the tumor location, as a result of which it is burned, forming a crust, which subsequently falls off with all the overgrown cells. Another goal of the laser is to specifically disrupt blood flow in the walls of the uterus and existing myomatous nodes, which leads to a decrease and slowdown in cellular renewal and neoplasm.
3. Operational and surgical intervention. If the fibroid is in an advanced stage, there are large single or numerous nodes, the optimal solution would be to use surgical intervention. It can be carried out by laparoscopy, when individual tumor growths are removed through small punctures in the abdomen. If this method is not possible, there are many nodes, or large fibroids with a risk of developing into oncology, the uterus is completely removed.

Certain appropriate treatment is prescribed strictly by a gynecologist, based on all the necessary examinations and tests. In no case should you resort to self-medication using traditional methods, as well as taking various medications.

Remember that fibroids can have dire and dangerous consequences. Do not neglect your health and life.

Interstitial myomatous node

Myoma is a benign tumor that is located in the middle layer of the uterus, which contains cells and elements of smooth muscles in its composition. The pathology is often detected in women, and many experts have conflicting opinions about the reasons for its development. Most believe that myomatous node occurs due to hormonal imbalances.

What is interstitial uterine fibroid

When the connective tissue cells of the uterus begin to divide randomly, interstitial fibroids develop. As a rule, the myomatous node is localized along the back or front wall, but sometimes it extends beyond the female organ. If there is a possibility of a tumor growing through the wall of the muscle thickness in the direction of the peritoneum, then the doctor diagnoses interstitial-subserous myoma. Often there are many nodes in the uterus, each of which differs in the type of growth and stage of development. This disease is called myomatosis.

How is the interstitial node of the uterus formed?

A woman’s hormonal balance can be disrupted for several reasons: after an abortion, under high neuropsychic stress, and stress. All these factors cause the uterine cells to divide, which is why a tumor forms. In addition, interstitial myomatous node can occur under the following conditions:

• lack of lactation after 30 years;
• several pregnancies;
• postpartum complications;
• inconsistent sex life;
• sedentary lifestyle.

Why does nodular uterine fibroid occur?

The reasons that cause the occurrence of nodular fibroids are not fully understood by modern medicine. Since the disease is hormonal, tumor growth is associated with high levels of estrogen. Regression often occurs with low levels of female hormones during menopause. The second reason is hereditary. It turns out that in 70% of cases, myomatous nodes are found in relatives. Other causes of tumor:

• obesity;
• diagnostic curettage;
• endocrine diseases;
• smoking, alcohol, drug addiction.

How do uterine fibroids manifest?

Interstitial myomatous nodes grow for a long time, and they are diagnosed accidentally during a gynecological examination using ultrasound. The first sign of pathology is menstrual irregularity. Intramuscular nodes are not subject to destruction and do not have a pedicle, so torsion or necrosis is not typical for them. When an interstitial node develops in the muscle wall, it changes the contractile function of the uterus, and it loses its tone. With pathology, heavy bleeding occurs during menstruation.

Large blood loss provokes anemia, which in a woman manifests itself as weakness, fatigue, and dizziness. Small or large multiple nodes of different shapes increase the weight and size of the uterus, increasing the load on the ligamentous apparatus. Because of this, the woman experiences constant pain and discharge of varying intensity. If an interstitial node is found along the posterior wall of the uterus during pregnancy, the woman may experience symptoms of compression of other organs.

How is interstitial-subserous uterine fibroid diagnosed?

In diagnostic centers, the disease is diagnosed using MRI, ultrasound, and hysteroscopy. With interstitial fibroids, it is easy to determine the deformation of the uterus and an increase in size during a gynecological examination. Ultrasound visualizes even very small myomatous nodes, the direction of growth, the calcification process and the composition of the uterine myometrium. On ultrasound, fibroids look like a different structure in relation to the surrounding tissues. Using hysteroscopy, you can assess the condition of the intramural and submucosal node. Such diagnostics often help to identify the initial stage of necrosis.

Interstitial uterine fibroids

Interstitial uterine fibroid is a tumor-like nodular formation of a benign nature, developing from the myometrium against the background of its increased sensitivity to an imbalance of sex steroids. Manifestations of interstitial uterine fibroids can include heaviness and pain in the lower abdomen, menorrhagia and metrorrhagia, anemia, dysuria, constipation, infertility, complications of pregnancy and childbirth. Interstitial uterine fibroids are diagnosed using ultrasound, CT (MRI) of the pelvic organs, Dopplerography, hysteroscopy, and laparoscopy. For the treatment of interstitial uterine fibroids, hormonal therapy, FUS ablation, UAE, laser vaporization, myomectomy and hysterectomy are offered.

Interstitial uterine fibroids

Interstitial uterine fibroids (leiomyoma, fibromyoma) is a hormonal-dependent benign tumor of the body or cervix, located deep in the muscular layer. It is considered the most common form of fibroids (50-61% of cases). In 95% of cases, the body of the uterus is affected, in 5% cervical fibroids are diagnosed. Interstitial uterine fibroids can be localized within the boundaries of the myometrium (intramural form), grow inside the uterine cavity (interstitial-submucous) or towards the abdominal cavity, protruding outward (interstitial-subserous). Most often, interstitial fibroids are found in patients of childbearing age (30-45 years) - at this age it accounts for about a third of all gynecological pathologies.

Causes of interstitial uterine fibroids

The main role in the morphological restructuring of the myometrium (hyperplasia and hypertrophy of smooth muscle cells) belongs to disruption of the excretion and metabolism of estrogen and the balance between its fractions (estrone, estradiol and estriol) in different phases of the cycle. Myoma tissue, compared to normal myometrium, is rich in receptors for estradiol and progesterone. Sex steroids regulate the growth of fibroids through a complex of growth factors and inducers (IGF I and II, TGF-beta, EGF, VEGF-A, angiogenin, FGF-2) that control proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis in tumor tissue. The determining factor in the development of myomatous nodes is the excess level of estrogen, which accelerates mitotic activity and hypertrophy of cells of the altered myometrium, increasing the volume of the intercellular matrix.

The development of uterine fibroids (including interstitial) can be provoked by a woman’s endocrine disorders, organ injuries (frequent “aggressive” surgical interventions - abortions, RDV) and obesity. An important point is hereditary predisposition - the presence of fibroids in the mother or sister. The rudiments of fibroids can form even in embryogenesis due to multiple somatic aberrations in normal myometrial cells and after menarche begin to grow against the background of high ovarian activity. Risk factors for fibroids include early menarche, childlessness, pituitary and thyroid dysfunction, ethnicity (the highest incidence of fibroids is in African-American women), and stressful situations.

Interstitial fibroids are represented by a clearly demarcated, dense rounded node of altered smooth muscle cells, connective tissue fibers and vessels, located deep in the muscular wall of the uterus; more often it is multiple. Myomatous nodes have different growth rates (simple and proliferating) and, therefore, different sizes. The size of myomatous nodes in gynecology is correlated with the size of the uterus at a certain stage of pregnancy. With large volumes of fibroids, severe deformation of the uterine body (asymmetry, sphericity) and a violation of its contractility are observed. Myomas localized on the anterior and posterior walls of the uterus are considered more favorable in terms of the onset and course of pregnancy than those located on the cervix, isthmus of the uterus and near the mouths of the fallopian tubes.

Symptoms of interstitial uterine fibroids

Manifestations of interstitial uterine fibroids correlate with the number, volume and location of nodes, the degree of inflammatory and degenerative changes that have developed in them. Interstitial-subserous uterine fibroids have a low risk of malnutrition and destruction; when small in size (up to 2-4 cm), they are not clinically detected for a long time. With multiple fibroids and large size nodes (10-25 cm), the uterus noticeably increases in volume, causing compression of the intestines, bladder and nerve plexuses in the pelvis. Patients are concerned about discomfort and a feeling of heaviness in the lower abdomen, periodic or constant pain in the pelvic region, pain during menstruation (algomenorrhea). Acute pain and fever appear when blood circulation in large nodes is impaired.

Interstitial uterine fibroids may be accompanied by heavy uterine bleeding, usually during menstruation (menorrhagia), less often - acyclic (metrorrhagia). It is possible to deposit a certain amount of blood in the uterus enlarged due to myomatous nodes. Prolonged and frequent menstrual and intermenstrual blood loss is complicated by iron deficiency anemia, weakness, fatigue, headache, dizziness, and frequent fainting.

Compression of the inferior vena cava by bulky interstitial myomatous nodes (>20 weeks) is manifested by shortness of breath and tachycardia in a horizontal position. Myoma located on the anterior wall of the uterus causes dysuria - difficult or frequent urination, incomplete emptying of the bladder, obsessive urge to urinate, and sometimes acute urinary retention. Cervical uterine fibroids growing towards the rectum make defecation difficult, leading to constipation and hemorrhoids.

Small interstitial fibroids do not interfere with reproductive function; large nodes that severely deform the uterus can cause uterine infertility or spontaneous abortion at different stages. The location of fibroids at the mouth of the fallopian tube with compression of the latter complicates the process of conception. The growth of interstitial fibroids into the uterine cavity can disrupt the normal development of the fetus, leading to spontaneous miscarriage and premature birth. Attachment of the placenta in the area of ​​the node increases the risk of premature detachment and profuse bleeding. Interstitial uterine fibroids can cause complications during childbirth - weak labor and bleeding.

Diagnosis of interstitial uterine fibroids

The diagnosis of interstitial uterine fibroids is established using ultrasound, CT (MRI) of the pelvic organs, hysteroscopy, and, if necessary, RDV, diagnostic laparoscopy. With interstitial fibroids, during a gynecological examination, an increase in size and deformation (lumpy surface, increased density) of the uterus can be determined.

Pelvic ultrasound allows you to visualize even small interstitial myomatous nodes up to 0.8-1 cm, assess the histological structure of the fibroids, the direction of growth (centrifugal, centripetal). Homogeneity, hyperechogenicity of myomatous nodes indicates the predominance of fibrous tissue, the presence of intranodular hypoechoic inclusions indicates cystic cavities or necrosis, hyperechoic elements with an acoustic absorption effect indicate the process of calcification. Using Doppler sonography, peri- and intranodular blood flow in the vascular network of the myomatous node is examined and the morphotype of the tumor is determined. With simple fibroids, a single peripheral blood flow is recorded, with proliferating fibroids – increased central and peripheral blood flow. Low blood flow speed indicates necrosis or hyalinosis of the node.

Hysteroscopy helps to identify interstitial fibroids with centripetal growth due to deformation of the inner surface of the uterus, the presence of secondary changes in the myomatous nodes. Also, determination of tumor markers in the blood, RDV with morphological analysis of endometrial tissue is carried out. Interstitial uterine fibroids must be differentiated from other types of fibroids, tumors of the uterus, pelvis and abdominal cavity (primarily malignant), and pathological processes of the endometrium.

Treatment of interstitial uterine fibroids

A radical method of treating interstitial fibroids - removal of the uterus (hysterectomy, supravaginal amputation of the uterus without appendages) - is indicated for multiple, large sizes (13-14 weeks) and rapid growth of fibroids, especially in postmenopause, necrosis or cervical location of fibroids, severe bleeding, combined pathology. In young patients of reproductive age, minimally invasive, organ-preserving treatment methods are preferred.

Functional surgery of the uterus with removal of myomatous nodes (myomectomy) makes it possible to preserve menstrual and reproductive functions, prevent prolapse and disruption of the pelvic organs. Laparotomy access is indicated for multiple voluminous (>7-10 cm) interstitial fibroids, cervical and isthmus nodes, especially posterior and lateral localization. Small interstitial nodes are removed only in preparation for pregnancy, before ovarian stimulation for infertility in women. The laparoscopic approach is used less frequently and is often not recommended due to the risk of uterine rupture during pregnancy and childbirth. Pregnancy can be planned after 6 months. after myomectomy, delivery is preferable by cesarean section.

For small interstitial uterine fibroids without noticeable symptoms, dynamic observation with annual ultrasound monitoring is possible, excluding heat and sunbathing, massage, and physiotherapy. COCs, gestagens, and sometimes androgens are used as conservative therapy. It is possible to use the Mirena intrauterine hormonal system. To create a medical menopause, antigestagens (mifepristone) and GnRH analogs are used; GnRH agonists are effective during perimenopause. Innovative drugs for the treatment of fibroids are antifibrotic and antiangiogenic agents, somatostatin analogues. An alternative to surgical treatment of interstitial uterine fibroids are UAE (uterine artery embolization), non-invasive FUS-MRI ablation, laser vaporization (laparoscopic myolysis).

The prognosis of interstitial uterine fibroids is considered favorable: the tumor is benign, the risk of malignancy is minimal. However, in some cases, primary and secondary infertility may develop against the background of fibroids; with radical surgical treatment, loss of menstrual and reproductive function in young patients is possible.

Interstitial nodes in the uterus

Uterine fibroids are a common female disease. A misconception about the interstitial tumor node often plunges a woman with this diagnosis into a state of deep depression and fear.

Please note that this text was prepared without the support of our Expert Council.

Our website describes in detail modern methods of treating the disease, allowing every woman to cope with the problem of fibroids without the use of unnecessary surgical intervention. The site’s expert council will answer all your questions and schedule a consultation at one of our specialized clinics.

What is an interstitial node of uterine fibroids and why is it so scary?

The interstitial node of fibroids of the anterior and posterior wall of the uterus is a benign neoplasm. Until recently, it was believed that such a formation could degenerate into a cancerous tumor, and accordingly, the only possible method of treatment was considered to be surgery to remove the tumor along with the uterus. Organ preservation was considered only in the case of surgical intervention in young girls planning a future pregnancy. It was for this reason that the diagnosis of uterine fibroids sounded like a death sentence.

Attitudes towards this disease began to change only in the early 90s, when the results of scientific research proved that the interstitial node cannot degenerate into oncology. The likelihood of developing cancer with uterine fibroids is equal to the development of a malignant tumor and, in its absence, from healthy cells of the female body.

Despite this scientific discovery, most domestic doctors continue to treat the tumor using the method of removing it during surgery. On the part of doctors, this method of “treatment” is a crime against their patients. Surgery should be a last resort when other treatments have failed. Surgical intervention in most cases deprives women of the opportunity to have children in the future, and also leads to a number of complications due to the removal of the reproductive organ.

Today, fibroids (interstitial node) can be successfully treated in all clinics around the world using uterine artery embolization. This technique is also successfully used by doctors in our medical institutions. Clinics for the treatment of fibroids, where this method is practiced, are equipped with modern medical equipment and include highly qualified doctors on their staff.

Numerous studies have revealed the true nature of benign uterine tumors. It represents the reaction of the reproductive organ to damage. In this case, such damage is repeated menstruation.

The fact is that nature has laid down the main function of the female body - procreation. Thus, with the onset of reproductive age, pregnancy should follow, then a period of breastfeeding, two or three menstruation and pregnancy again. According to this plan, girls should have no more than forty menstruation in their entire lives.

Of course, in practice, not a single woman performs her reproductive function with such enthusiasm. On average, by the age of thirty, she becomes a mother once or twice, and the period of breastfeeding on average takes about a year. With this development of events, approximately 400 menstruation is observed throughout life.

It is unlikely that nature intended for the fair sex to experience a whole “bouquet” of negative sensations caused by menstruation every month. These include headaches, attacks of nausea and vomiting, pain in the lower abdomen and lower back, dizziness, frequent mood swings, tearfulness, changes in taste preferences, etc.

Every month, the female body prepares for pregnancy, “tuning” each of its organs. When fertilization does not occur and pregnancy does not occur, the body returns to its “original settings.”

Like any other repeated process, monthly menstruation can create errors, especially in combination with surgical interventions and inflammatory processes. This is how most diseases of the female reproductive system arise, including uterine fibroids (the interstitial node of the anterior and posterior walls of the organ).

The interstitial node along the posterior wall of the uterus, as well as the interstitial node along the anterior wall of the uterus, is initially formed from one individual cell of the uterus in the form of tiny rudiments. Tumors begin to grow against the background of hormonal fluctuations. Such changes in hormones occur during menstruation. Moreover, fibroids can grow in different ways - some faster, others slower, and others can disappear as unexpectedly as they appeared.

The growth of tumor primordia can be accelerated by certain provoking factors, including:

• Abortions, gynecological curettages, operations, difficult childbirth;
• Endometriosis;
• Inflammatory processes.

Separately, juvenile forms of interstitial fibroid nodes are distinguished. It is believed that damage to the cells of the uterus, from which neoplasms subsequently develop, occurs during the prenatal period. With the onset of menstruation, that is, with a sharp surge in hormone levels, the interstitial nodes of the fibroids begin to grow. Juvenile forms of neoplasms are diagnosed in girls under the age of 25.

Diagnosis of interstitial fibroid nodes along the anterior and posterior wall of the uterus

Before the discovery of such a diagnostic method as ultrasound, interstitial tumor nodes were diagnosed in cases where their size reached impressive sizes and could be felt, or the presence of fibroids was assumed when a woman complained of heavy menstruation. In both cases, we are talking about advanced forms of interstitial tumor nodes, for which removal of the uterus is indicated. Indications for such a radical method are the size of the uterus, comparable to 12 weeks of pregnancy, as well as rapid tumor growth.

The size of the nodes is compared with the duration of pregnancy, since in both cases the uterus begins to increase in size.

However, assessing the size of interstitial nodes by stage of pregnancy is a very subjective concept. In most cases, as tumors grow, the uterus increases in size unevenly due to the fact that fibroids grow in different directions. Some increase the organ in length, others in width. This factor leads to the fact that when examined in a chair, one doctor can diagnose a tumor comparable to the 7th week of pregnancy, and another to the 12th week. In fact, during surgery it often turns out that the interstitial myomatous node is actually the size of 6 weeks of pregnancy and its treatment does not require surgery.

The indicator “fibroid size comparable to 12 weeks of pregnancy” is very convenient for surgery. Under this “sauce”, doctors perform many operations to remove the reproductive organ. Why and who needs it?

1. Dispensary registration in state antenatal clinics. Patients diagnosed with uterine fibroids are always registered at a dispensary and require regular examination. A doctor can remove a woman from such registration after she has been completely cured of the interstitial fibroid node. This can be achieved radically and quickly after removal of the uterus, which is what actually happens. The patient is removed from the dispensary register, and the doctor performs the statistical reporting required of him.
2. Performing “surgical activity”. Monitoring patients with an interstitial node of a uterine tumor is not a profitable process, unlike surgery. Therefore, this diagnosis is considered as an indication for organ removal. Women tolerate the operation itself relatively well, and it is not difficult for the doctor to persuade a patient who does not plan to become a mother again in the future to undergo surgery. Thus, in clinics, without a twinge of conscience, patients are sent under the surgeon’s knife, who, in turn, put this type of operation on the conveyor belt.

It is obvious that domestic doctors are silent about alternative organ-preserving methods of treating interstitial nodes, because they are less profitable for hospitals, or medical institutions do not have modern equipment and qualified medical personnel to treat the disease using uterine artery embolization.

Before agreeing to have the uterus removed, you should familiarize yourself with information about the disease, methods of its diagnosis and treatment. You can get acquainted with modern ideas about what an interstitial tumor node is on our website, it is also possible to consult by e-mail or in person with a doctor in one of our clinics.

Choosing a treatment method for interstitial fibroid nodes

As with any other disease, the choice of treatment for an interstitial node depends on the stage of development of the disease. In this case, we are talking about the size of the tumors and their number.

Treatment of fibroid nodes is divided into several areas:

• Reduction in tumor size;
• Stabilization of tumor growth;
• Removal of the tumor.

Let's consider methods of treating interstitial nodes:

1. Medication method. It is carried out using GnRH agonists and progesterone receptor blockers. Doctors at our clinics will tell each patient in detail about the advantages and disadvantages of the method, answer all questions and draw up an individual treatment plan, taking into account the peculiarities of the development of fibroids in each individual case.

GnRH agonists are drugs with which patients are introduced into artificial menopause, against the background of which the interstitial nodes of uterine fibroids decrease in size. In addition, GnRH agonists block the production of hormones in the nodes that support their growth.

Progesterone receptor blockers. This group includes only one drug, Mifepristone. It blocks all binding sites of progesterone (a hormone that is a powerful factor in the growth of fibroids) with neoplasm cells. Taking the drug Mifepristone leads to a reduction in the size of the interstitial nodes of uterine fibroids, as does taking GnRH agonists, while Mifepristone is more easily tolerated by the female body.

It should be noted that drug treatment is effective when the tumor size does not exceed 5 centimeters in diameter.

1. Embolization of the uterine arteries. This method is rightfully considered a revolution in the treatment of interstitial nodes of uterine fibroids. It is effectively used by doctors in our clinics, as well as by most doctors from near and far abroad.

The essence of the method is to block the uterine arteries that supply the uterus, and accordingly the interstitial fibroid node itself.

Thus, the neoplasm begins to dry out, like a flower without watering, and the uterus continues to function normally and perform its function, receiving blood through the ovarian arteries and other small blood vessels.

The procedure itself is performed within minutes and is absolutely safe and painless for patients.

Three months after embolization, the size of the interstitial nodes decreases by 40-45%, and after a year by 65%.

If the patient’s development of a uterine tumor was accompanied by long, painful and heavy menstruation, then after embolization of the uterine arteries, after just one or two menstrual cycles, the discharge becomes normal and sometimes even becomes scanty, without any pain.

Uterine artery embolization is a complete treatment method and does not require additional medications. Relapses of the development of interstitial nodes of uterine fibroids after embolization of the uterine arteries are rare.

Thus, before agreeing to undergo an operation to remove an organ if diagnosed with interstitial nodes of uterine fibroids, every woman should familiarize herself in detail with all the features of the disease itself and possible methods of its treatment.

You should not help out doctors at public clinics and be a tool for their “surgical activity.” Today, the disease can be managed with medication or uterine artery embolization. The doctors of our clinics will introduce you to each possible treatment method and develop an individual, effective and gentle treatment plan. You can make an appointment with a doctor by phone or using the electronic form on our website.

Among benign formations it is quite common.

It has many varieties - some tumors develop inside the uterus, others are located on the outer layer of the uterine body, and others form in the muscular layer of the organ. One of these types is subserous myomatous tumor.

What is subserous uterine fibroid?

Typically, such formations have a fairly wide base, connected to the uterine tissues through a thin stalk. This leg is a kind of channel through which nutrition for the tumor passes. The nodule can be single in nature, although multiple small formations are also found.

Such myomatous tumors are found more often in women of reproductive age. They grow slowly and develop latently. Subserous myomatous tumor is dangerous due to torsion of the pedicle, which results in necrosis of tumor tissue.

Causes

The main factor contributing to the development of benign subserous tumors in women is changes in the hormonal status of women.

According to doctors, a tumor is not able to form in a healthy body, so its development requires specific prerequisites such as:

1. Surgical manipulations in the female genitourinary organs. This category includes various diagnostic curettages, abortions, laparoscopic examinations, etc. These interventions injure the uterine muscle tissue, which provokes the formation of a tumor;
2. Genetically determined predisposition to this pathology;
3. Presence of a history of operations on;
4. Various types of inflammation or infection in the genitourinary area;
5. Long-term contraception with hormonal contraceptives;
6. Tumors in the appendages or mammary tissues;
7. Functional problems in the thyroid and adrenal structures.

Typically, the causes of the disease are a group of factors that, to varying degrees, influence the formation of the myomatous process in the uterine body.

Clinical picture

Externally, a subserous tumor looks like a node. This type of myomatous formations is considered the safest, since it is distinguished by its externally uterine localization and grows towards the retroperitoneal space. Such a tumor does not provoke an increase in the uterine body and cannot affect the menstrual cycle.

Such a formation does not harm pregnancy, which occurs without difficulties with such a disease; a subserous formation cannot harm delivery, however, it is quite capable of causing a spontaneous miscarriage.

Sometimes reproductive difficulties occur if the formation is located in close proximity to the tubes and compresses them.

Since the formation grows into the abdominal space, it develops mainly without symptoms, at least during the period while the node is of insignificant size. When the formation grows, it begins to compress the surrounding tissues and organic systems, which leads to their functional disorders.

In general, subserous myomatous formation can be characterized by the following symptoms:

• Frequent constipation;
• Hemorrhoidal inflammation;
• Difficulty and frequent urination, causing pain;
• Hyperthermia
• Hypersweating, dizziness;
• Discomfortable sensations in the abdomen and lower back when sitting or standing;
• Painful symptoms of an aching nature, localized in the area above the pubis, in the lower back, and lower half of the abdominal wall.

Painful symptoms tend to occur during prolonged periods of standing, long walking, or heavy physical activity. Often the pain becomes cramping in nature, which indicates the development of an exacerbation or active growth of the tumor.

The severity of pain symptoms is usually determined by the parameters, location and development of the myomatous node. If the tumor fuses with the abdominal wall, the patient will constantly suffer from pain.

Varieties

Subserous myomatous nodes can be multiple or single.

Single ones are distinguished by the presence of a shell like a capsule.

Multiple formations are found somewhat less frequently, but they are accompanied by more severe painful symptoms.

If multiple myomatosis becomes large in size, then adjacent structures are compressed, which disrupts their activity. In addition, they are divided into interstitial or intramural uterine fibroids.

Intramural

Intramural subserous fibroids are localized on the outer uterine layer. This formation is considered the “safest”, since it does not affect the size of the uterine body and the menstrual cycle, and does not interfere with reproductive abilities.

Such a tumor is formed from smooth muscle fibers, as well as connective tissue structures. It is believed that such fibroids occur in a kind of lighter version.

Interstitial subserosal

The subserous-interstitial myomatous node is formed in the thickness of the wall of the uterine body, but grows towards the small pelvic cavity. Such a formation belongs to the category of mixed tumors and is somewhat different from a traditional subserous tumor.

It develops in the muscle layer, and therefore leads to a slight increase in the body of the uterus. An interstitial subserous myomatous node can negatively affect surrounding tissues, but its size rarely exceeds 10 cm.

Stages

Experts stage the development of such myomatous formations into several stages:

1. First stage – active growth is observed, the tumor is distinguished by the full course of metabolic processes and increased vascular permeability;
2. Second the stage is characterized by rapid progression, but it is still impossible to detect a formation without microscopic examination;
3. On the third stage, myomatous formation is easily detected during a medical examination.

Typically, such tumors are of a multiple nature, when several formations develop simultaneously.

How dangerous is this disease?

The danger of subserous fibroids lies in the high probability of torsion of the pedicle, through which the formation receives the necessary nutrition. This complication is usually caused by atrophic changes in tissue.

As a result of such changes, necrosis of tumor tissue occurs, provoking purulent-inflammatory processes in nearby structures.

Tissue death is usually accompanied by hyperthermic symptoms, intense pain, severe tachycardic symptoms, increased sweating, dizziness and other intoxication symptoms.

Diagnosis and treatment

When diagnosing subserous myomatous formations, the following diagnostic measures are most often used:

• Echography;
• Magnetic resonance imaging, which allows you to obtain a layer-by-layer image of the tumor;
• Diagnostic curettage in this case is carried out to determine changes in the mucous uterine tissues;
• Hydrosonographic diagnostics - allows you to detect even the smallest tumors and determine the degree of their development;
• Laparoscopic examination is used if it is impossible to differentiate the pathology.

Most often, treatment of the subserous form of uterine fibroids is surgical, especially in the presence of large formations, heavy blood loss, torsion of the pedicle, rapid growth and progression of the tumor.

In the photo, removed subserous uterine fibroids

To carry out surgical procedures, several common techniques are used, such as laparoscopic myomectomy, which involves removing the tumor through several punctures through enucleation.

In addition, hysteroscopic myomectomy is used, when the node is removed through the vagina. In difficult cases, the formation is removed along with the appendages and uterus, i.e., a total hysterectomy is performed.

In recent years, it has become widely used, which involves removing a tumor using ultrasound.

Treatment with folk remedies

Among the traditional methods of treating subserous uterine fibroids, healing ointments, extracts, medicinal tinctures or vaginal suppositories are especially popular among patients. Usually, for the preparation of such medicines, raw materials are used in the form of poisonous plants that have antitumor activity.

Therefore, such medications should be taken with extreme caution. Experts do not exclude the presence of a therapeutic effect from such healing remedies of traditional medicine, however, they recommend their use as additional therapy and in the absence of contraindications.

Prognosis and prevention

Subserous forms of myomatous formations are characterized by a high rate of benignity, and therefore do not have a tendency to malignancy. The prognosis is generally positive, however, if there is rapid growth and progression of the pathology, surgical intervention may be necessary.

Even benign tumors can significantly ruin a woman’s life and deprive her of opportunities for motherhood. Therefore, it is necessary to contact a specialist when the first suspicion of pathology appears.

An annual gynecological examination will serve as an excellent prevention of the neglect of such tumors, since it allows them to be differentiated in a timely manner.

In addition, to prevent myomatous formations, it is necessary to avoid abortions, give birth and breastfeed a child until the age of 30, promptly treat gynecological problems, monitor hormonal status, and avoid long-term hormonal contraception.

This is the only way to protect yourself from the occurrence of serous uterine myomatous formations, and, therefore, to avoid possible complications such as infertility, purulent-inflammatory processes in the uterus and total hysterectomy, which deprives the patient of a chance for successful motherhood.

The video shows laparoscopic surgery for subserous uterine fibroids:

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An interstitial myomatous node is a benign neoplasm, the occurrence of which is caused by a violation of the sensitivity of uterine muscle cells to male sex hormones. The development of this tumor may be accompanied by nonspecific symptoms: impaired urination, pain in the lower abdomen, infertility and various complications.

Please note that this text was prepared without the support of our website.

Interstitial node: what is it?

Interstitial uterine fibroids are a tumor of the myometrium, the development of which is associated with an imbalance of androgenic hormones and estrogens in the female body. The disease can often occur without visible symptoms; the nodes gradually reach a fairly impressive size. In other words, uterine fibroids are called leiomyoma and fibromyoma.

According to statistics, uterine fibroids are diagnosed in more than 30% of women over 30 years of age. Most often, the tumor is localized in the body of the uterus. In women in the age range from 30 to 45 years, interstitial myomatous nodes account for about a third of all gynecological diseases.

Interstitial uterine fibroids can be single or multiple - with several myomatous nodes with different growth rates, which is due to the histological features of the structure.

The location of the tumor may also vary. Some women may have an interstitial uterine node along the anterior wall of the uterus, while others may have an interstitial node along the posterior wall of the uterus.

Interstitial myomatous node: causes of development

Interstitial uterine fibroids most often occur when the normal structure of the muscular layer of the uterus changes, which, in turn, is associated with hormonal disorders at different periods of the menstrual cycle. This aggravates the hormonal imbalance and complicates the course.

Such hormonal imbalances can be provoked by chronic heavy metal poisoning, late pregnancy, early onset of the first menstruation, frequent abortions and diagnostic curettages, and other reasons:

• infectious and inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs;
• frequent stress, increased neuropsychological stress;
• congenital sexual infantilism;
• irregular sex life;
• genetic predisposition;
• chronic diseases of the genitourinary system;
• endocrine disorders: obesity and diabetes;
• unbalanced diet and bad habits.

Interstitial uterine fibroids: symptoms

The appearance of clinical symptoms of interstitial uterine fibroids is usually noted in the later stages of development.

Interstitial nodes are manifested by the following symptoms:

• the occurrence of pain in the lower abdomen. Their appearance is associated with compression of blood vessels and nerve endings. The nature of the pain can be varied: from cramping to aching, mild;
• uterine intermenstrual bleeding - metrorrhagia, as well as changes in the very nature of menstruation, which become longer and more abundant;
• anemia, the development of which is associated with significant blood loss during metrorrhagia. A decrease in hemoglobin levels is accompanied by the appearance of general symptoms of malaise, which include increased fatigue, decreased performance, pale skin, lethargy, apathy;
• disruption of the intestines and bladder, resulting in increased urge to urinate and constipation. This is due to compression of neighboring organs by fibroids. These conditions can be complicated by pyelonephritis, cystitis, and hemorrhoids.

Interstitial uterine fibroids: diagnosis

During the diagnosis of interstitial fibroids, the doctor listens to the patient’s complaints and collects an anamnesis of the disease, a life history, palpates the abdomen and conducts a gynecological examination.

Ultrasound examination (ultrasound) is used to detect myomatous nodes, determine their size, quantity and location, which is considered the most informative method for diagnosing uterine fibroids.

In some cases, if there are complications of fibroids or there is suspicion of tumor malignancy, additional examination methods are prescribed:

• hysteroscopy – endoscopic examination of the uterine cavity using a thin long device (hysteroscope) followed by histological examination of the biomaterial (a piece of tissue from the myomatous node is examined under a microscope);
• laparoscopy - an endoscopic examination that involves inserting a laparoscope into the abdominal cavity through a small incision. During the study, a piece of tissue may be removed for biopsy;
• angiography - a study that allows you to evaluate the blood flow in the vessels of the fibroids into which a liquid contrast agent is injected;
• magnetic resonance imaging (detailed examination of the abdominal organs with magnetic rays).

These diagnostic measures allow you to establish an accurate diagnosis and prescribe the necessary treatment regimen.

Interstitial uterine fibroids: treatment

Conservative and surgical therapy are used to treat interstitial uterine fibroids.

Conservative (drug) therapy is used for fibroids whose size does not exceed 3 cm. Hormonal medications are prescribed, the action of which is aimed at stopping the growth of myomatous nodes. With the help of drug treatment, it is impossible to completely cure uterine fibroids, but it is effective in stopping the growth of the tumor, reducing its size and reducing negative symptoms.

Among the methods of surgical treatment of interstitial uterine fibroids are the following:

• radical - perform abdominal or laparoscopic surgery to remove the uterus. It is used for large fibroids, intensive growth of the node in the postmenopausal period and if there is a suspicion of tumor malignancy;
• conservative-plastic – interstitial myomatous nodes are removed using electro- and laser surgery. Additionally, hormonal therapy is carried out;
• stable-regressive – occlusion of the uterine arteries and uterine artery embolization (UAE).

The most effective and safe method of combating uterine fibroids today is.

This procedure is offered in the most modern clinics equipped with innovative equipment.

After UAE, women experience normalization of symptoms: menstrual bleeding returns to normal, its volume and duration decreases.

Over time, the symptoms of compression are eliminated, the size of the fibroids and the overall size of the uterus decrease (usually, this occurs six months after the UAE procedure). After a year, the size of interstitial myomatous nodes becomes at least 4 times smaller, and small tumors completely disappear.

One of the most important features of UAE is that after the procedure the risk of disease relapse is virtually eliminated. The woman does not require any additional treatment.

The advantages of EMA include the following:

• safety and minimally invasive treatment method;
• no need for general anesthesia;
• high efficiency (more than in 98% of cases);
• rapid relief of symptoms;
• short recovery period;
• low risk of complications;
• preservation of reproductive function.

Successful results of treatment of uterine fibroids using the UAE method largely depend on the competence and experience of the endovascular surgeon who performs the procedure. Make an appointment with the best specialists in Moscow who are proficient in the technique of performing UAE - endovascular surgeon, Candidate of Medical Sciences Bobrov B.Yu., gynecologist, Candidate of Medical Sciences Lubnin D.M. Can .

References

• Lipsky A. A.,. Gynecology // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. 1890-1907.
• Bodyazhina, V.I. Textbook of gynecology / V.I. Bodyazhina, K.N. Zhmakin. - M.: State Publishing House of Medical Literature, 2010. - 368 p.
• Braude, I. L. Operative gynecology / I. L. Braude. - M.: State Publishing House of Medical Literature, 2008. - 728 p.