The city of Nizhny Novgorod is the administrative center of the Nizhny Novgorod region. It is the largest city in the Volga Federal District, located on the East European Plain at the place where the Volga and Oka rivers merge. The Oka River divides it into two parts - the upper one, located on the Dyatlovy Mountains, and the lower one, located on the left on the low-lying bank. From 1932 to 1990 the city was called Gorky (in honor of the famous writer Maxim Gorky).
The city of Nizhny Novgorod is in fifth place in terms of population in the Russian Federation. The population is more than 1.255 thousand people. Nizhny Novgorod bears the status of an important economic, transport and cultural center of the country.
Nizhny Novgorod is one of the largest industrial centers in Russia; the main role lies with enterprises in the metalworking, mechanical engineering and information technology industries.
The city has about 600 unique historical, architectural and cultural monuments. The main one of all is the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin.
There are approximately two hundred cultural institutions in Nizhny Novgorod.
There are 95 public municipal libraries in Nizhny Novgorod, as well as libraries at educational institutions, organizations and enterprises of the city.
In the historical center of the city there is a stone Kremlin, built at the beginning of the 16th century, which was a 2-kilometer brick fortress surrounded by 13 watchtowers within the walls. The territory of the Kremlin housed many churches, but now only St. Michael the Archangel Cathedral has survived.
Bolshaya Pokrovskaya Street starts from the Minin and Pozharsky Square. By the way, the Kremlin tower with the name Dmitrovskaya is located on it - this is the “main” entrance to the Kremlin.
There are a lot of temples, churches, cathedrals in Nizhny Novgorod.
An important feature of Nizhny Novgorod is the large number of old low-rise buildings.
Nizhny Novgorod is a city with a great sports history and sports traditions.
A huge part of the city's sports facilities were built before the end of the 1980s and are morally outdated.
Printer Anikita Fofanov founded the first printing house at 19.12. 1613. And the first newspaper was published on January 5, 1838 and was called “Nizhny Novgorod Provincial Gazette”.
In August 1918, the city's first radio station began operating, and on February 27, 1919, the first voice transmission was launched. It was broadcast by the Nizhny Novgorod radio laboratory, under the leadership of Bonch-Bruevich.
Nizhny Novgorod is located at the confluence of two rivers: the Oka and the Volga. This city was originally founded as a fortress on the banks of the Oka and Volga rivers; the Oka divides the city into two parts. These parts of the city are connected by road bridges across the Oka River: Myzinsky, Kanavinsky, Molitovsky. A metro bridge was also built next to the Kanavinsky Bridge; by the way, it is also combined with a road bridge.
And there are 2 permanently operating bridges across the Volga River: the combined railway-road Borsky Bridge and the railway one. One of the directions of the Trans-Siberian Railway passes through them: the direction Nizhny Novgorod - Kirov.
Population of Nizhny Novgorod for 2018 and 2019. Number of residents of Nizhny Novgorod
Data on the number of city residents are taken from the Federal State Statistics Service. The official website of the Rosstat service is www.gks.ru. The data was also taken from the unified interdepartmental information and statistical system, the official website of EMISS www.fedstat.ru. The website publishes data on the number of residents of Nizhny Novgorod. The table shows the distribution of the number of residents of Nizhny Novgorod by year; the graph below shows the demographic trend in different years.
| Number of residents of Nizhny Novgorod | Years |
|---|---|
| 1,296,800 people [*] | 2003 |
| 1,283,600 people | 2005 year |
| 1,272,527 people | year 2009 |
| 1,271,045 people | 2010 |
| 1,254,592 people [*] | year 2012 |
| 1,259,921 people [*] | year 2013 |
| 1,263,873 people [*] | year 2014 |
| 1,267,760 people | 2015 |
| 1,266,871 people | 2016 |
| 1,264,075 people | 2017 |
| 1,259,013 people | 2018 |
Graph of population changes in Nizhny Novgorod:
Nizhny Novgorod city photo. Photography of Nizhny Novgorod
Information about the city of Nizhny Novgorod on Wikipedia:
Link to the Nizhny Novgorod website. You can get a lot of additional information by reading it on the official website of Nizhny Novgorod, the official portal of Nizhny Novgorod and the government.
Official website of Nizhny Novgorod
Map of the city of Nizhny Novgorod. Nizhny Novgorod Yandex maps
- 1. Ascension Pechersky Monastery
- 2. Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin
- 3. Nativity (Stroganov) Church
Created using the Yandex service People's Map (Yandex map), when zoomed out you can understand the location of Nizhny Novgorod on the map of Russia. Nizhny Novgorod Yandex maps. Interactive Yandex map of the city of Nizhny Novgorod with street names, as well as house numbers. The map has all the symbols of Nizhny Novgorod, it is convenient and not difficult to use.
On the page you can familiarize yourself with some descriptions of Nizhny Novgorod. You can also see the location of the city of Nizhny Novgorod on the Yandex map. Detailed with descriptions and labels of all city objects.
Nizhny Novgorod is a city located in the central part of Russia and is the administrative center of the Volga Federal District and the Nizhny Novgorod region. Its location is the center of the East European Plain at the confluence of the Oka and Volga rivers, dividing the city into two parts: Nagornaya and Zarechnaya.
The city with an area of 466.5 km² is an important economic, industrial, scientific, educational and cultural center of our country. Its ancient history (it is almost 800 years old), numerous attractions and picturesque river banks attract a large number of tourists coming from all over Russia.
History of education
The city was founded by the Vladimir-Suzdal prince Yuri Vsevolodovich in 1221, initially it was a wooden fortress to protect the borders of the principality, later, in the 16th century, the fortress became stone and practically impregnable; in the entire history of its existence it has never been captured. Outside its walls at the beginning of the 17th century, Minin and Pozharsky gathered militia to help Moscow besieged by the Poles. In 1817, one of the largest Russian fairs, Makaryevskaya, was moved here, and from now on it began to be held in Nizhny Novgorod, which made it one of the largest shopping centers in the Russian state.
During Soviet times, the city was named after the famous Soviet writer; in 1932 it became Gorky and this was the case until 1990, when it received its historical name back. During the war, the city supplied important military weapons to the front, so it was bombed more than once. In 1985, the first line of the 10th metro in Russia appeared here. In 2016, Russian President Vladimir Putin opened the Nizhny Novgorod plant named after the 70th anniversary of the Victory, owned by the Almaz-Antey concern, a leading manufacturer of military equipment.
Population of Nizhny Novgorod
(Day of the city)
According to statistics for 2017, 1,264,075 people live in the city, 1,270,241 people live in the urban district, this is the fifth largest population in Russia. The Nizhny Novgorod agglomeration is about 2 million people, the second largest in the Volga region and sixth in the country.
The percentage of the working population is 64%, the majority of the population of New Novgorod is Russian, 95.6% of them.
At the beginning of the 19th century (1811), the city's population was 14.4 thousand people; by the beginning of the 20th century (1914), the population increased almost 8 times and amounted to 111.6 thousand people. With the advent of Soviet power, the city expanded its borders and absorbed the nearby cities of Sormovo and Kanavino, so the 1926 population of 181.2 thousand people increased to 643.7 thousand people in 1939.
At the end of the 80s, the population of Nizhny Novgorod numbered 1,438,133 people and this was the 3rd place in the republic. It is from this year that a gradual decline in population begins and natural growth becomes negative (mortality exceeds birth rate). This trend is gaining momentum and, according to scientists’ forecasts, the population of Nizhny Novgorod by 2020 may lose up to 12% of its peak population in 1989.
Industry of Nizhny Novgorod
Before the revolution, the city was the largest center of Russian merchants and, accordingly, trade; in Soviet times, in Nizhny Novgorod, in the process of industrialization, the powerful industrial potential of the city was developed, its leading industries were mechanical engineering, metalworking and information technology. It was then that the largest giant of automotive engineering, the Gorky Automobile Plant (GAZ), was built here, and it was here that the famous “Gazelle” was produced in 1994, one of the most popular and popular (especially among small and medium-sized businesses) light-duty trucks in the entire post-Soviet space.
(Launching of the chemical tanker "Victoria")
The main volumes of industrial production are concentrated in such industries as the automotive industry (GAZ, the Sokol aircraft plant, the Nizhny Novgorod Machine-Building Plant, the Gidromash, Heat Exchanger aircraft equipment plants, the Krasnaya Etna plant), and shipbuilding (the Krasnoe Sormovo shipyard ). Heavy industry is represented by the Nizhny Novgorod metalworking plant, light and food industry - by various combines, sausage factories, dairy and fat-and-oil enterprises.
Nizhny Novgorod is one of the largest centers for the development of information technology in all of Russia. Companies such as Intel, Yandex, Huawei, NetCracker, etc. work here.
City culture
Nizhny Novgorod has a rich history and there is a lot to see here. There are more than 600 monuments: historical, cultural and architectural. One of the oldest architectural monuments is the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, it is more than 400 years old (it began to be built in the 16th century), now it is the seat of the Nizhny Novgorod City Duma.
In total, the city has more than 200 cultural institutions of regional and local significance. There are 14 theaters (three academic - drama named after M. Gorky, opera and ballet named after A.S. Pushkin, puppet theater), 97 libraries (the largest Nizhny Novgorod State Regional Universal Scientific Library named after V.I. Lenin), 5 concert halls, 17 cinemas, 8 museums (Nizhny Novgorod State Art Museum, A.M. Gorky Museum, Russian Museum of Photography), conservatory, digital modern planetarium.
The population of Nizhny Novgorod and the Nizhny Novgorod region, like the population of any other region of the country, can be classified and described according to a number of factors. This includes numbers, density, national and age composition, as well as many other indicators. Each of them is important for determining the demographic situation in the region. Let's find out the composition of the population of the Nizhny Novgorod region according to various indicators.
Population
First of all, you should find out the population of the Nizhny Novgorod region. After all, most other demographic data are calculated based on this indicator. So, the population of the Nizhny Novgorod region today is 3260.3 thousand people, which is the eleventh largest figure among 85 regions of Russia. In percentage terms, the number of residents of the Novgorod region is 2.22% of the population of the Russian Federation.
Population dynamics
It should be noted that until 1990, the population of the Nizhny Novgorod region grew numerically, but in the subsequent period it began to fall. Thus, if in 1897 the population of the region was 1584.8 thousand people, then by 1970 it more than doubled and amounted to 3682.5 thousand people. Twenty years later, this figure was already equal to 3780.3 thousand people, but, as mentioned above, today it has decreased to 3260 thousand people.
The year 1990 can be characterized as a demographic breaking point. It is characteristic that the population of Nizhny Novgorod and the Nizhny Novgorod region began to decrease precisely when the collapse of the USSR took place and the country was experiencing political and economic changes. This fact could not but affect demographics. Moreover, the greatest rate of population decline was observed from 1991 to 1995. During this time, the natural decline of residents increased by 3.4 times. The highest mortality rate was observed in 2003 (69.9 thousand people), and the lowest birth rate was in 1999 (27.0 thousand people).
Since 2006, there has been a constant increase in the birth rate. Until 2010, the birth rate increased by 0.2 times, while the mortality rate fell by 0.15 times.
In the area at the moment there is a constant increase. This fact suggests that, in comparison with other regions of Russia, the standard of living in the Nizhny Novgorod region is at a fairly acceptable level.
Currently, the population of the Nizhny Novgorod region continues to decrease numerically, but natural decline is also constantly decreasing in comparison with previous years. If this trend continues, we will soon again be able to observe a numerical increase in the population of the region.
Population density
The area of the region is 76,624 square meters. km. Thus, by simple calculations it can be established that the average population density of the Nizhny Novgorod region is 42.6 people/sq. km. This is the 23rd result out of 85 regions of the country. If we do not take into account the population density in regions whose main territory is cities, then the Nizhny Novgorod region will be in 20th place. For comparison: in the most populated region of the country (Moscow), the population density is 164.9 people/sq. km, and in the most deserted region (Chukchi Autonomous Okrug) - 0.1 people/sq. km.
So the Nizhny Novgorod region looks good in the all-Russian statistics on population density. The area and population of this region are correlated in such a way that the number of people living here is higher than in a significant part of other subjects of the Federation.
Urbanization level
A very important demographic indicator is the level of urbanization. It will help to understand how the population of the Nizhny Novgorod region is distributed between cities and villages.
The number of inhabitants of the cities of this Volga region today is about 2590.8 thousand inhabitants. At the same time, 669.5 thousand people live in villages. The population is almost four times that of rural areas.
Thus, the percentage of population between urban and rural areas is 79.5 and 20.5%, respectively. This suggests that the Nizhny Novgorod region is a fairly urbanized region. Of course, in comparison with the Murmansk region or the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, where the share of urban residents exceeds 90%, the indicator of the Volga region will not seem so high, but in comparison with the Republic of Ingushetia (41.3%), the Republic of Chechnya (34.8 %) and even more so with the Altai Republic (29.2%) it looks quite convincing.
Lifespan
One of the indicators that indicate the standard of living of the population is its expected duration. This indicator is sometimes mistakenly called average life expectancy, but this is not entirely true. Life expectancy is a prediction of how long people born in a given year will live on average.
This figure for the Nizhny Novgorod region for 2014 is 69.5 years; 12 months before that it was 69.4 years. It should be noted that life expectancy in this region as a whole has been increasing since 2004, although in some years there has been a slight drop. The minimum life expectancy in the Nizhny Novgorod region was registered in 2003. Then it was 63.6 years.
It should be noted that in 2014 this figure for women was 76 years, and for men - 63.3 years. For comparison: in Russia as a whole, the life expectancy of the population born in 2014 is 70.9 years. At the same time, for men it is 65.3 years, and for women it is 76.5. Thus, the life expectancy of the population in 2014 in the Nizhny Novgorod region was worse than in the country as a whole.
National composition
Now let's find out the national composition of the region's inhabitants. The population of the Nizhny Novgorod region is quite ethnically diverse. The nationalities that represent the region are quite diverse. But among them the Russians stand out numerically. Currently, their number in the Nizhny Novgorod region is approximately 3110 thousand people, or 93.9% of the population of the entire region. Thus, this nationality has unconditional dominance in this subject of the Federation. This situation has persisted for hundreds of years. It must be said that for the XX-XXI centuries. the percentage of Russians to all residents of the region never fell below 92%.
Among the national minorities inhabiting the Nizhny Novgorod region, Tatars are in first place. This is due to the proximity of the region to the Republic of Tatarstan. The number of Tatars is about 44 thousand people, or 1.33% of the total population. Tatars in terms of number of residents are followed by Mordovians (0.58%), Ukrainians (0.53%), Armenians (0.4%) and Chuvash (0.29%).
Among the population of the Nizhny Novgorod region there are also such exotic nationalities as Koreans and Yezidis, but their number is quite small and does not exceed several thousand people.
Religious composition
Now let's find out what the population of the Nizhny Novgorod region is like in religious terms.
On the territory of the described subject of the Federation there are quite a few different religious movements. In addition, Nizhny Novgorod is the administrative center of not only the region, but which, in turn, is the most multi-religious region of the Russian Federation.
The majority of the region's population are Orthodox Christians. Their number currently reaches 76% of all residents of the region. Nizhny Novgorod even has its own metropolis, and the number of parishes in the region reaches 420. In addition, there are fifteen monasteries.
One of the currents of the Orthodox religion is the Old Believers. However, the official church considers this trend sectarian. At the same time, it is the Nizhny Novgorod region that is the cradle of this religious movement. The organizer of his ideology, Archpriest Avvakum, was born here. Therefore, it is natural that it is in this region, in comparison with other subjects of the Federation, that the traditions of the Old Believers remain quite strong. The community of Old Believers is especially large in the Koverninsky district.
Members of other Christian denominations are also present in the region. These are representatives of various Protestant movements: Baptists, Pentecostals, Seventh-day Adventists, Lutherans and other, younger churches. The traditions of Protestantism have been strong in the region since the time of settlement of these places by the Volga Germans. In addition, there is a Catholic parish in Nizhny Novgorod, but it has a rather limited number of parishioners.
There are many Muslims in the Nizhny Novgorod region. There are even more of them than representatives of various Christian movements (naturally, if you do not take into account the Orthodox). This situation is associated with the relatively large number of Tatars and other peoples living in the region who are considered to be Islam. The Spiritual Administration of Muslims, located in Nizhny Novgorod, is considered the center of Islam in the region.
In addition, there is a Jewish community in the Nizhny Novgorod region. The only synagogue in the region is located in its administrative center - Nizhny Novgorod. At the same time, the total number of Jews in the region is 3.7 thousand people.
There are also residents in the region who profess other religions, but they are not united in communities and do not have official status.
As we can see, the religious diversity in the Nizhny Novgorod region is very diverse.
Population of Nizhny Novgorod
Now let's take a closer look at the demographic situation in the administrative center of the region - Nizhny Novgorod.
The city was founded in 1221 by the prince of the Vladimir land Yuri Vsevolodovich. Since 1350 it became the de facto capital of the Suzdal principality. In 1425 it was included in the Grand Duchy of Moscow and became a district town. It was in Nizhny Novgorod that the Second People's Militia was assembled, which liberated Moscow from Polish occupation. In 1932, the city was renamed Gorky in honor of the great Russian writer Maxim Gorky, who was born here. In 1990, it received back its historical name - Nizhny Novgorod.
The population of Nizhny Novgorod currently amounts to 1267.8 million people. That is, this locality is a millionaire city. It ranks fifth in the Russian Federation in terms of the number of residents.
The population density in Nizhny Novgorod is 3087 people/sq. km. For comparison: in Moscow this figure is 4813.6 people/sq. km.
It differed significantly in different periods. Thus, from 1811 to 1897 it increased from 14.4 thousand people. up to 90 thousand people In 1939, the city was already inhabited by 644 thousand people. In 1962, the population of Nizhny Novgorod exceeded one million people and amounted to 1,025,000 people.
In 1989, the number of residents in this regional center reached a historical maximum - 1,438,100 people. From that time on, the city’s population began to decline, as did the region and the country as a whole. Until 2011 inclusive, the number of residents of Nizhny Novgorod decreased to 1,250,600 people. But already next year there was an increase in the population, which continues to this day. Thus, by 2016, the number of people living in the regional center of the Nizhny Novgorod region amounted to 1,267,800 people. This, of course, is still significantly less than it was in 1989, but 17.2 thousand more than in 2011. Thus, if trends have just emerged in the demography of the region, which in the future will lead to an increase in the population, then in the regional center the number of residents is already growing every year, although this growth is still small.
The average age of city residents is currently about 40 years.
As in the region as a whole, Russians are the dominant nationality in Nizhny Novgorod. Their share exceeds 95%, that is, even more than in the region as a whole. Among the national minorities, Tatars, Mordovians and Ukrainians should be highlighted.
Population in other cities of the Nizhny Novgorod region
Now let’s look at how many residents live in the largest settlements of the Nizhny Novgorod region, except for the regional center, which was discussed above.
The population of Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod region, ranks second in size after N. Novgorod in the region. The number of residents of this city is 234.3 thousand people. It should be noted that the dynamics of growth in the number of people living in this locality is negative.
Other largest cities in the region include Arzamas (104.8 thousand people), Sarov (94.4 thousand people) and Bor (78.4 thousand people). In the last two settlements there is a positive dynamics of population growth.
Number of residents in individual districts of the Nizhny Novgorod region
Now let's determine the most populated areas of the Nizhny Novgorod region. Which municipalities in the region have the largest population?
The largest number of residents is in the Kstovsky district - 115.8 thousand. Next in population are Gorodetsky (89.2 thousand people), Balakhninsky (76.9 thousand people), Bogorodsky (66.3 thousand people) and Volodarsky (58.2 thousand people) districts.
It should be clarified that those cities that we talked about above, namely Nizhny Novgorod, Dzerzhinsk, Arzamas, Sarov and Bor, do not belong to administrative districts, but are separate urban municipalities.
General characteristics of the demographic situation in the Nizhny Novgorod region
The Nizhny Novgorod region is located in one of the most populated parts of Russia, and its administrative center is the fifth most populous city in the country. At the same time, the region has a lower life expectancy than in Russia as a whole.
By nationality, the overwhelming majority of residents of the region are Russians, but the ethnic map of the Nizhny Novgorod region is quite varied.
The dynamics of population growth in the Nizhny Novgorod region still remains negative. But there have already been trends towards a decrease in the rate of population decline, which allows us to hope for an increase in the number of people living in the region in the future.
In general, the Nizhny Novgorod region faces a difficult demographic situation, but the trends of recent years give us hope that in the near future there is a high probability of a change in the current situation.
Nizhny Novgorod
The center of the Nizhny Novgorod region, 439 km east of Moscow. Located at the confluence of the Oka and Volga. The climate is moderate continental. Average temperatures in January are -12°C, in July 18°C. Precipitation is about 500 mm per year. Large transport hub: 6 railway lines (3 main lines). River port. Airport. Metropolitan (since 1985). Population 1440.6 thousand people (1992; 95.1 thousand in 1897; 222 thousand in 1926; 644 thousand in 1949; 941 thousand in 1959; 1170 thousand in 1970; 1344 thousand in 1979); 3rd (after Moscow and St. Petersburg) city in Russia by population.
Coat of arms of Nizhny Novgorod. "In a white field there is a red deer: the antlers and hooves are black." Supremely approved 16.8.1781
Founded in 1221 by the Vladimir prince Yuri Vsevolodovich as a fortress (the names “Nizhny” and “Nizovsky lands” appeared only in documents of the 14th century as a designation of the center of a vast region lying downstream of the Volga and Oka rivers with their tributaries). Since 1350 it has been the capital of the Nizhny Novgorod-Suzdal principality created in 1341. Thanks to its advantageous geographical position, N.N. acquired the significance of a major trade and cultural center; in the Pechersky Monastery (founded in 1328-30) chronicles were kept; in 1377, for Grand Duke Dmitry, the monk Lavrentiy compiled a chronicle collection (the so-called Laurentian Chronicle). Initially, the city was surrounded by oak walls; in 1372, construction of a stone Kremlin began. In 1392, under Vasily I, N.N. was annexed to Moscow and soon became a stronghold of Rus' in the fight against the Kazan Khanate. In 1506-11, under Vasily III, a new brick Kremlin was built. The fortress allowed the residents of Nizhny Novgorod to repel the raids of the Tatars in 1520 and 1536. From the second half of the 16th century. - one of the largest trade and craft centers of the Moscow State; from this time on, 2 parts of the city were formed: Nagornaya (center) and Zarechnaya (later - industrial area). In 1611-12, in N.N., a people's militia was formed by the zemstvo elder Kuzma Minin and Prince D.M. Pozharsky against the Polish invaders. Since 1719 - the center of the Nizhny Novgorod province. Since the 19th century the city has commercial and industrial significance; The flour milling industry and production related to Volga shipping were especially developed. The growth of the city was also facilitated by the transfer of the Makaryevskaya fair to N.N. in 1817, the construction of the Sormovo shipyard in 1849, and the construction of a railway to Moscow in 1862. From the middle of the 19th century. The Volga Shipping Company is developing intensively.
Since the end of the 19th century. N.N. is the center of the revolutionary movement. N.N. is the birthplace of mechanic I.P. Kulibin, mathematician N.I. Lobachevsky, literary critic N.A. Dobrolyubov, composer M.A. Balakirev, writer P.I. Melnikov (Pechersky). In 1932, the city was renamed Gorky in honor of the writer M. Gorky (A. M. Peshkov), a native of N.N. Since 1991 - again N.N.
Modern N.N. is the largest mechanical engineering center in Russia (70% of industrial production), including automobile and shipbuilding. The leading enterprise in the industry is an automobile plant, with which the Red Etna plant is associated - the main supplier in the country of auto normals, factories - specialized machines (produces vans, trailer benches, etc.), gearboxes, dies and molds, etc. The Krasnoye Sormovo plant is the main shipbuilding base of the Volga Fleet. The Engine of the Revolution plant is a large manufacturer of marine diesel engines and gas engine compressors for gas pipelines. There are also factories - aviation, milling machines, mill-elevator equipment, peat machines, television (brand "Chaika"), enterprises - metallurgy, chemical industry, woodworking, building materials. Food (mill, meat, dairy plants; pasta, confectionery factories; factories - brewing and champagne wines) and light (flax weaving plant, hosiery, leather, shoe, clothing factories) industry. Near N.N. - Gorkovskaya hydroelectric power station on the Volga (near the city of Zavolzhye), Balakhninskaya state district power station and thermal power plants. Gas pipelines from Saratov and Minnibaev, an oil pipeline from Almetyevsk. University, technical university. Conservatory. Institutes: water transport engineers, architectural and construction, agricultural, medical, pedagogical institute of foreign languages. Faculty of Moscow Commercial University, branches of the All-Russian Correspondence Institute of Finance and Economics and the All-Russian Correspondence Institute of Railway Transport Engineers. Theatres: drama, opera and ballet, young spectators, comedy, puppets. Museums: Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve (founded in 1896), Art Museum (Western European, Russian and Soviet art); folk arts and crafts; architecture and life of the peoples of the Nizhny Novgorod Volga region; M. Gorky with branches "Kashirin's House" and "M. Gorky's Last Apartment in Nizhny Novgorod" House-Museum of the Nevzorov Sisters; river fleet; House-museum of Ya. M. Sverdlov.
The planning structure of N.N. by the beginning of the 17th century. consisted in the Nagorny part of the City (i.e. the Kremlin), the surrounding Upper (from the south) and Lower (under the high bank) settlements, scattered on the neighboring hills of settlements (Zaochye included the Kanavinskaya Sloboda). The line of defensive walls of the Kremlin (1500-12, possibly by the Italian architect Pyotr Fryazin), with numerous towers (initially 13; large square towers with gates alternate with smaller round ones; restoration - 1960-70s, director S. A. Agafonov ), outlines the territory in the shape of an irregular triangle; in the Kremlin - cubic, completed with an 8-sided tent on a low octagonal figure, the St. Michael the Archangel Cathedral (built in 1631, in honor of the victory of the Nizhny Novgorod militia of 1612, architects L. Vozoulin and A. Konstantinov; since 1962, the ashes of Kuzma Minin have been in the cathedral). Near the Kremlin, on the coastal slope, it is located, founded in the 13th century. Annunciation Monastery: 5-domed Annunciation Cathedral (1649), surrounded by a low gallery, with a single-domed Sergius Church attached to the southwest (late 17th - early 18th centuries), a refectory with a two-tented Assumption Church (1678), a bell tower and cells (all - 17th century) V.). Downstream of the Volga, not far from the Kremlin, there is a church founded in the 14th century. Pechersky Monastery: 5-domed, on a white-stone basement, the Ascension Cathedral (1632, possibly architect A. Konstantinov), with a bell tower (1632), gate tented church of Euthymius of Suzdal (1645, architect Konstantinov), refectory with hipped Assumption Church (1648), Peter and Paul Church (1638, architect Konstantinov), Bishop's Chambers (XVII-XVIII centuries). Above the banks of the Oka, between the Kremlin and the Pokhvalinsky ravine, settlement structures have been preserved. Churches: Myrrh-Bearing Women (1649, 5-domed, on a high basement; the appearance was changed by alterations of the 20th century, the roof is 4-pitched, devoid of domes); Assumption on Ilyinskaya Mountain (1672, topped with 5 tiled domes on high drums, with kokoshniks at the base); famous architectural monument N.N. - the Nativity Church at the Stroganov estate in the so-called Stroganov style, completed with 5 chapters with patterned crosses, with an extensive 2-tier refectory, on the facades there is a rich brick decor in the form of fruit motifs, cartouches, curls (1719 ; in the interior of the refectory there is white stone carving, in the interior of the church there is an iconostasis with fine, abundant wooden carvings, icons of the 18th century, picturesque panels; now a museum). Houses of the 17th - early 18th centuries have been preserved, mostly 2-story, made of “oversized” brick, with windows decorated with figured frames, kokoshniks, with wooden outbuildings, porches, high roofs: Chatygina (the so-called house of Peter I, who stayed here in 1695, heading to the Azov campaign), the Pushnikov chambers (consisting of 2 connected buildings, built at different times), Olisov. On the left bank of the Oka is the 5-domed Church of Our Lady of Smolensk, with rich decoration in the so-called Stroganov style, at the Stroganov estate in Gordeevka (1697).
For the Upland part of the city in 1770, a radial ring plan was developed with a system of streets diverging from a trapezoidal square at the outer gates of the Kremlin; According to the revised plan of 1824, the territory of the Nizhny Novgorod Fair was included in the city limits on the left bank of the Oka, along with the Kanavinskaya Sloboda. According to the plan of 1838, the Verkhnevolzhskaya embankment was built (at both ends - the Georgievsky and Kazan congresses), on the slope - the Alexander Garden. At the end of the 18th - first half of the 19th centuries. buildings here were built in the classicist style in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries. - in the spirit of eclecticism, stylization, in the Art Nouveau style. In the Nagorny part, the former house of the vice-governor (1788), the house of the pharmacist G. Evenius (1789-92, architect I. Nemeyer), seminary buildings (1823-29, architects I. I. Mezhetsky, A. L. Leer), have been preserved. Assembly of the Nobility (1826, architect I. E. Efimov; in the interior - a small columned hall; additional building - 1860-70s), Institute of the Nobility (1840s, architect A. A. Pakhomov; on the main facade - a frieze in the form of a floral ornament depicting the coats of arms of the cities of the Nizhny Novgorod province, now a regional library) with a residential house (1836, architect I. E. Efimov; now a theater school), the house of Z. Dobrolyubova (1840s, architect G. I. Kizevetter; now the House-Museum of N. A. Dobrolyubov), the governor's house in the Kremlin (1841, architect P. D. Gotman), the house of S. Nicklaus (1841, architect Kiezevetter), Drama Theater (1896, architect V A. Schröter); the building of the City Duma (1902, architect V.P. Zeidler; the main facade - with 3 large windows, completed with a parapet with the Nizhny Novgorod coat of arms and a steep hipped roof), the State Bank in neo-Russian style (1913, architect V.A. Pokrovsky; consists of several volumes covered with roofs of various shapes; in the interior - paintings on the walls and vaults according to sketches by I. Ya. Bilibin, chandeliers, lanterns, iron gratings, majolica staircase railings), a church at the New (now Old) cemetery (1916, architect Pokrovsky).
Below, on the banks of the Volga and Oka, the classicist estates of the Stroganovs (from the 1870s - Golitsyns; 1827, architect P. Ivanov) and Golitsyns (1821-37, possibly architect D.I. Gilardi), former Blinovsky passage in the spirit of Russian architecture of the 17th century. (last third of the 19th century), the Volga-Kama Bank in the eclectic style (1894-98, architect V.P. Zeidler), the bank of the Rukavishnikov brothers in the Art Nouveau style (1908-12, architect F.O. Shekhtel; sculptures above the entrance , personifying industry and agriculture, sculptor S. T. Konenkov). On the Verkhnevolzhskaya embankment: the former house of S. M. Rukavishnikov in the neo-Baroque spirit (1877, architect P. S. Boytsov; at the entrance there is a sculpture of Atlanteans and caryatids, sculptor M. O. Mikeshin); D. V. Sirotkin's house in the neoclassical style (1914-16, architects - brothers L. A., V. A. and A. A. Vesnin, now the Art Museum).
On the left bank of the Oka, on the territory of the Nizhny Novgorod Fair, the centric 5-domed Spassky Old Fair Cathedral (1817-22, architect O. Montferrand) has not been lost; on Strelka - the Alexander Nevsky Fair Cathedral (1881, architects R. Ya. Kilevein, L. V Dal; since the beginning of the 1990s it has been restored), the Main House of the Nizhny Novgorod Fair (1890; since the beginning of the 1990s - the center of the renewed exchange and fair activities).
N.N. was built according to the master plans of the 1930s. (architect A.P. Ivanitsky and others), 1937 and 1966. Built: House of Soviets, Rossiya Hotel (both early 1930s, architect A.Z. Grinberg), Pedagogical (1936-38, architect A. A. Yakovlev) and Polytechnic (1931-36, architects Grinberg, I. F. Neiman) institutes, river (1964, architect M. I. Churilin) and railway (1965, architect M. A. Gottlieb) stations, air terminal (1965, architect Gottlieb), sports complex (1965, architects Yu. N. Bubnov, V. V. Balakhina, S. A. Timofeev). In connection with the construction and reconstruction of large industrial buildings, comfortable residential areas grew near them: Avtozavodsky (1930-40, architects V. A., I. A. Golosov, A. S. Fisenko, L. B. Velikovsky, etc.), Sormovo with the Palace of Culture (1926, architects S. A. Novikov, E. M. Michurin, V. A. Chistov), etc. Housing construction, landscaping, and landscaping are carried out on a large scale: a bridge across the Oka River (1st - 1935, architects P. V. Shchusev, P. V. Pomazanov, I. A. French, engineer A. V. Krylov; 2nd - 1965, architects L. M. Ostrovidov, G. V. Ogorodnikov), Volga embankment with stairs (1949, architects L.V. Rudnev, V.O. Munts, A.A. Yakovlev) and others. Monuments: obelisk in honor of K. Minin and D. Pozharsky (1826, sculptor I.P. Martos, architect A. I. Melnikov); “To the Heroes and Martyrs of the Revolution of 1905” (1930, architect A. A. Yakovlev, artist V. A. Frolov); V. P. Chkalov (1940, sculptor V. P. Mendelevich, architects V. S. Andreev, I. G. Taranov); M. Gorky (1952, sculptor V. I. Mukhina, architects V. V. Lebedev, P. P. Steller); Y. M. Sverdlov (1957, P. I. Gusev, N. M. Chugurin, architect V. N. Rymarenko); “To the Gorky Heroes who died in the Great Patriotic War” (1966, architects B. S. Nelyubin, V. Ya. Kovalev, S. A. Timofeev, artists V. V. Lyubimov, A. M. Shvaikin, A. P. Topunov); V. I. Lenin (1970, sculptor Yu. G. Neroda, architects V. V. Voronkov, Yu. N. Voskresensky); N. A. Dobrolyubov (1986, sculptor P. I. Gusev, architect B. S. Nelyubin); K. Minin (sculptor O. Komov). 
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Cities of Russia. Encyclopedia - M.: Great Russian Encyclopedia. I. Kondratieva. 1994.
Synonyms:See what "Nizhny Novgorod" is in other dictionaries:
City, c. Nizhny Novgorod region Founded in 1221 under the name Novgorod, which perhaps meant not just a new city, but repeated the name of the city of Novgorod, which is on the Volkhov River. To distinguish cities of the same name, the definition of lower,... ... Geographical encyclopedia
Full name of FC Nizhny Novgorod 2 Nicknames: townspeople, car factory workers, northerners, Nizhny Novgorod residents, Nizhny Novgorod residents Founded 2007 Stadium ... Wikipedia
Nizhny Novgorod- Nizhny Novgorod. Bridge. NIZHNY NOVGOROD (in 1932 91 Gorky), a city, the center of the Nizhny Novgorod region, in Russia, at the confluence of the Oka and the Volga. 1438 thousand inhabitants. Large river port; railway junction; airport. Metropolitan. Mechanical engineering (cars,... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
- (in 1932 90 Gorky), city, center of the Nizhny Novgorod region, at the confluence of the Oka and the Volga. Large river port, railway. d. node. 1367.6 thousand inhabitants (1998). A large center for mechanical engineering and metalworking (software: automotive GAZ, mechanical engineering, ... ... Russian history
The largest city in the Volga Federal District is Nizhny Novgorod. The city is located on the European plain on the banks of two rivers, the Volga and Oka, and is a unique ensemble of industrial progress and medieval architecture.
Population
At the end of the 14th century, on the territory of the guard support settlement of Nizhny Novgorod, there were more than 1,300 households, which were inhabited by about 5,000 people.
Data from the scribe book for 1621 determine the number of residents of Nizhny Novgorod:
- 2,364 yards;
- 15,000 permanently resident citizens.
Residents of Kunavinskaya Sloboda were also included in the general population census.
By the beginning of 1897, Nizhny Novgorod ranked eighth in population density among Russian cities. The permanent resident population of the city of Nizhny Novgorod was 90,000 people. The leading positions were occupied by:
- Moscow;
- Petersburg;
- Saratov;
- Kazan;
- Rostov-on-Don;
- Tula;
- Astrakhan.
Already in 1926, this figure increased to 222,000 people. In 1989, Nizhny Novgorod moved to third position - the population was 1,403,000 people. In the 90s there was a population decline.
In 2009, 358,000 pensioners were recorded from the total number of residents of Nizhny Novgorod, 30 of them were long-livers (100 years or more). Since 2009, the birth rate in the Nizhny Novgorod region has increased, and the mortality rate has decreased.
Over the past 4 years, there has been a steady increase in permanent residents of the city:
- 2013 – 1,259,921 people;
- 2014 – 1,263,873 people;
- 2015 – 1,267,760 people;
- 2016 – 1271890 people;
- 2017 - 1267760 people.
The population of Nizhny Novgorod increases annually by approximately 4,000 people. The average age of Nizhny Novgorod residents is 39.9 years.
City zoning
The Oka River cuts Nizhny Novgorod on the left bank and the right bank. Formally, a distinction is made between the Zarechny and Nagorny administrative sectors.
The Zarechnaya part consists of five districts:
- Avtozavodskoy.
- Kanavinsky.
- Leninist.
- Moscow.
- Sormovsky.
The mountainous part united three districts:
- Nizhny Novgorod.
- Prioksky.
- Soviet.
Nizhny Novgorod residents themselves call the districts and their constituent areas “upper” and “lower” parts. The historical center of the city is located on the Dyatlov Mountains - the upper part. The city's business center is located here.
The lower part is much younger and architecturally more modern than the upper. The industrial power of the city is concentrated here. The construction project of this district was developed taking into account the uninterrupted operation of enterprises. Residents of the industrial area have the following benefits:
- apartment buildings;
- garage farms;
- swimming pools;
- sport complexes;
- shops, etc.
The older generation of the indigenous population remembers how in the old days the entire region woke up to the sound of factory alarm clocks.
If previously there was practically no need for people to move from one bank of Nizhny Novgorod to the other, today the situation has changed dramatically. Most prestigious, high-paying jobs are offered in the upper part of the city. The existing number of inter-coastal communications is not enough for the smooth movement of residents between both banks. During rush hour, traffic jams for many kilometers form. Also, the seasonal vagaries of nature do not forget to remind us of themselves.
Old-timers draw attention to the “hidden confrontation” of residents of both banks of Nizhny Novgorod. The mountainous part contains the main objects of culture and education. Residents of this part of the city consider themselves more educated.
- Avtozavodskoy district – 299,790 people. Built around the GAZ automobile plant. According to the statistics department, the most crime-prone area. This may be due to the high population density. The Avtozavodsky Park is of particular concern at night. Despite everything, the Avtozavodskoy district is the largest and most comfortable of all the city's districts. The population consists of the bulk of Nizhny Novgorod residents. Every year the situation in the area is changing in a positive direction. They are actively reconstructing and building sports complexes, shopping and entertainment centers. Only this area has its own print publication and website. The cost of housing in the Avtozavodsky district is also a very attractive factor. High-quality and comfortable new buildings are attracting an increasing number of families. The main disadvantage can be considered the significant remoteness of the automobile plant area from the business center of Nizhny Novgorod.
- Sormovo district – 166,414 people. It was annexed to Nizhny Novgorod almost a hundred years ago. Affordable housing and an abundant number of cultural, shopping and entertainment centers attract a large number of Nizhny Novgorod residents. The disadvantages of the area include the railway track, which is located in a circle. To leave the Sormovsky district, you will have to spend a lot of time in a traffic jam at a railway crossing.
- Kanavinsky district – 157,017 people. It is this area that welcomes guests and residents of the city; the central railway station is located there. Kanavino is one of the most historical districts of the city. Today, active reconstruction and improvement of the area is underway.
- Sovetsky district - 148,066 people. Young, compact, densely populated area. Active construction of new buildings is underway. Housing costs are above average.
- Leninsky district - 141,391 people. Geographical center of Nizhny Novgorod. The main advantage of the district is its equidistance from any end of the city and, accordingly, the possibility of rapid inter-district movement.
- Nizhny Novgorod region – 131,186 people. One of the most popular areas of the city. A large number of attractions and historical places loved by Nizhny Novgorod residents and guests of the city.
- Moskovsky district – 123,442 people. Popular for the concentration of industrial giants. The area has attracted workers from nearby businesses and families who prefer affordable housing in a quiet area. Infrastructure is quite well developed in the Moscow region. The construction of new buildings is not very active.
- Prioksky district – 94,360 people. The most environmentally friendly area of the city. The two largest park areas in Nizhny Novgorod. A favorite vacation spot for Nizhny Novgorod residents. The class and cost of housing in the Prioksky district has no clear restrictions.
- Urban settlement Green City – 2,409 people.
