Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) accompanies modern man everywhere. Any technique whose action is based on electricity emits waves of energy. Some varieties of such radiation are constantly talked about - these are radiation, ultraviolet and, the danger of which has long been known to everyone. But about the impact of electromagnetic fields on the human body, if it occurs due to a working TV or smartphone, people try not to think about it.

Types of electromagnetic radiation

Before describing the danger of a particular type of radiation, it is necessary to understand what it is all about. A school physics course tells us that energy propagates in the form of waves. Depending on their frequency and length, a large number of types of radiation are distinguished. So electromagnetic waves are:

1. high frequency radiation. It includes x-rays and gamma rays. They are also known as ionizing radiation.
2. Medium frequency radiation. This is the visible spectrum that humans perceive as light. In the upper and lower frequency scale are ultraviolet and infrared radiation.
3. low frequency radiation. It includes radio and microwaves.

To explain the effect of electromagnetic radiation on the human body, all these types are divided into 2 large categories - ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. The difference between them is quite simple:

• Ionizing radiation affects the atomic structure of matter. Because of this, in biological organisms, the structure of cells is disturbed, DNA is modified and tumors appear.
• Non-ionizing radiation has long been considered harmless. But recent studies by scientists show that with high power and prolonged exposure, it is no less dangerous to health.

Sources of EMP

Non-ionizing electromagnetic fields and radiation surround a person everywhere. They are emitted by any electronic equipment. In addition, we must not forget about the power lines, through which the most powerful charges of electricity pass. EMR is also emitted by transformers, elevators and other technical devices that provide comfortable living conditions.

Thus, it is enough to turn on the TV or talk on the phone so that the sources of electromagnetic radiation begin to affect the body. Even such a seemingly safe thing as an electronic alarm clock can affect health over time.

EMI measuring devices

To determine how strongly this or that source of electromagnetic radiation affects the body, devices for measuring electromagnetic fields are used. The simplest and most widely known is an indicator screwdriver. The LED at its end burns brighter with a powerful radiation source.

There are also professional devices - fluxmeters. Such an electromagnetic radiation detector is able to determine the power of the source and give its numerical characteristics. They can then be recorded on a computer and processed using various examples of measured quantities and frequencies.

For humans, according to the norms of the Russian Federation, an EMR dose of 0.2 μT is considered safe.

More accurate and detailed tables are presented in GOSTs and SanPiNs. You can find formulas in them, thanks to which you can calculate how dangerous an EMP source is and how to measure electromagnetic radiation, depending on the location of the equipment and the size of the room.

If radiation is measured in R / h (the number of roentgens per hour), then EMR is measured in V / m 2 (volts per square meter). The following indicators are considered a safe norm for a person, depending on the frequency of the wave, measured in hertz:

• up to 300 kHz - 25 V / m 2;
• 3 MHz - 15 V / m 2;
• 30 MHz - 10 V / m 2;
• 300 MHz - 3 V / m 2;
• Above 0.3 GHz - 10 μV / cm 2.

It is thanks to the measurements of these indicators that the safety for a person of a particular source of EMR is determined.

How does electromagnetic radiation affect a person?

Considering that many people have been in constant contact with electrical devices since childhood, a natural question arises: is EMP so dangerous? Unlike radiation, it does not lead to radiation sickness and its effect is imperceptible. And is it worth observing the norms of electromagnetic radiation?

Scientists also asked this question back in the 60s of the 20th century. More than 50 years of research have shown that the human electromagnetic field is modified under the influence of other radiations. This leads to the development of the so-called "radio wave disease".

Spurious electromagnetic radiation and pickup disrupt the work of many organ systems. But the most sensitive to their effects are nervous and cardiovascular.

According to the statistics of recent years, about a third of the population is susceptible to radio wave disease. It manifests itself through symptoms familiar to many:

• depression;
• chronic fatigue;
• insomnia;
• headache;
• concentration disorders;
• dizziness.

At the same time, the negative impact of electromagnetic radiation on human health is most dangerous because doctors still cannot diagnose it. After examination and testing, the patient goes home with a diagnosis: “Healthy!”. At the same time, if nothing is done, the disease will develop and pass into the chronic stage.

Each of the organ systems will respond to electromagnetic effects in different ways. The central nervous system is most sensitive to the effects of electromagnetic fields on humans.

EMI impairs signal transmission through the neurons of the brain. As a result, it affects the activity of the organism as a whole.

Also, over time, negative consequences for the psyche appear - attention and memory are disturbed, and in the worst cases, problems transform into delirium, hallucinations and suicidal tendencies.

The influence of electromagnetic waves on living organisms also has a large-scale effect through the circulatory system.

Erythrocytes, platelets and other bodies have their own potentials. Under the influence of electromagnetic radiation on a person, they can stick together. As a result, there is a blockage of blood vessels and the performance of the transport function of the blood worsens.

EMR also reduces the permeability of cell membranes. As a result, all tissues exposed to radiation do not receive the necessary oxygen and nutrients. In addition, the efficiency of hematopoietic functions decreases. The heart, in turn, responds to this problem with arrhythmia and a drop in myocardial conduction.

The influence of electromagnetic waves on the human body destroys the immune system. Due to the clumping of blood cells, lymphocytes and leukocytes are blocked. Accordingly, the infection simply does not meet with resistance from defense systems. As a result, not only the frequency of colds increases, but also an exacerbation of chronic ailments.

Another consequence of harm from electromagnetic radiation is the disruption of hormone production. Impact on the brain and circulatory system stimulates the pituitary gland, adrenal glands and other glands.

The reproductive system is also sensitive to electromagnetic radiation, the impact on a person can be catastrophic. Given the disruption of hormone production, men's potency decreases. But for women, the consequences are more serious - during the first trimester of pregnancy, a strong dose of radiation can lead to a miscarriage. And if this does not happen, then the disturbance of the electromagnetic field can disrupt the normal process of cell division, damaging DNA. The result is pathological development of children.

The effect of electromagnetic fields on the human body is destructive, which is confirmed by numerous studies.

Considering that modern medicine has practically nothing to oppose to radio wave disease, you must try to protect yourself on your own.

EMP protection

Taking into account all the possible harm that the influence of the electromagnetic field brings to living organisms, simple and reliable safety rules have been developed. In enterprises where a person constantly encounters high levels of EMR, special protective screens and equipment are provided for workers.

But at home, the sources of the electromagnetic field cannot be screened like that. At the very least, this will be inconvenient. Therefore, you should understand how to protect yourself in other ways. In total, there are 3 rules that must be observed constantly in order to reduce the impact of the electromagnetic field on human health:

1. Stay as far away from EMP sources as possible. For power lines, 25 meters is enough. And the screen of a monitor or TV is dangerous if it is located closer than 30 cm. It is enough to carry smartphones and tablets not in pockets, but in handbags or purses 3 cm from the body.
2. Reduce contact time with EMP. This means that you do not have to stand for a long time near the working sources of the electromagnetic field. Even if you want to follow the cooking on an electric stove or warm up by the heater.
3. Turn off unused electrical appliances. This will not only reduce the level of electromagnetic radiation, but also help save money on your energy bills.

You can also take a set of preventive measures so that the impact of electromagnetic waves is minimal. For example, having measured the radiation power of various devices with a dosimeter, it is necessary to record the EMF readings. The emitters can then be distributed around the room to reduce the load on individual areas of the area. It is also important to consider that the steel case shields EMP well.

Do not forget that electromagnetic radiation of the radio frequency range from communications equipment constantly affects human fields while these devices are turned on. Therefore, before going to bed and during work, it is better to put them away.

Continuous industrial progress and the rapid development of science in the modern era lead to the widespread use of various household electrical appliances and electronic equipment. This creates great convenience for people in work, study and everyday life, and, at the same time, causes hidden harm to their health.

Science has proven that all consumer electronics in the process of use generate electromagnetic waves of different frequencies to varying degrees. Electromagnetic waves are colorless, odorless, invisible, intangible, but at the same time they have great penetrating power, so that a person is defenseless in front of them. They have already become a new source of environmental pollution, gradually undermining the human body, negatively affecting human health, causing various diseases.

Electronic radiation has already become a new global environmental disaster.
To date, four International Congresses have been held in the world on the effects of small and ultra-low radiation on human health. The issue is recognized as so urgent that the problem of “electronic smog” has been put by the World Health Organization (WHO) in first place in terms of the danger of impact on human health. WHO considers "the current level of modern electromagnetic radiation and its impact on the population is more dangerous than the effect of residual nuclear ionizing radiation."

The International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection of the countries of the European Union recommends that the governments of all states take the most effective preventive and technical means and measures to protect the population from the actions of “electromagnetic smog” The following manifestations of the harmful effects of electromagnetic radiation are indicated in special literature published in our country and abroad on the human body:

1. gene mutation, due to which the likelihood of oncological diseases increases;
2. violations of the normal electrophysiology of the human body, which causes headaches, insomnia, tachycardia;
3. eye damage that causes various ophthalmic diseases, in severe cases - up to complete loss of vision;
4. modification of the signals given by the hormones of the parathyroid glands on cell membranes, inhibition of the growth of bone material in children;
5. violation of the transmembrane flow of calcium ions, which prevents the normal development of the body in children and adolescents;
6. the cumulative effect that occurs with repeated harmful exposure to radiation, ultimately leads to irreversible negative changes.

Biological effect of electromagnetic fields

Experimental data of both domestic and foreign researchers testify to the high biological activity of EMF in all frequency ranges. At relatively high levels of irradiating EMF, modern theory recognizes a thermal mechanism of action. At a relatively low level of EMF (for example, for radio frequencies above 300 MHz it is less than 1 mW/cm2), it is customary to speak of a non-thermal or informational nature of the impact on the body. Numerous studies in the field of the biological effect of EMF will make it possible to determine the most sensitive systems of the human body: nervous, immune, endocrine and reproductive. These body systems are critical. The reactions of these systems must necessarily be taken into account when assessing the risk of EMF exposure to the population.
The biological effect of EMF accumulates under conditions of long-term long-term exposure, as a result, the development of long-term consequences is possible, including degenerative processes of the central nervous system, blood cancer (leukemia), brain tumors, and hormonal diseases. EMF can be especially dangerous for children, pregnant women (embryo), people with diseases of the central nervous, hormonal, cardiovascular system, allergy sufferers, people with weakened immune systems.

Impact on the immune system

At present, enough data has been accumulated indicating the negative effect of EMF on the immunological reactivity of the organism. The results of research by Russian scientists give reason to believe that under the influence of EMF, the processes of immunogenesis are disrupted, more often in the direction of their suppression. It has also been established that in animals irradiated with EMF, the nature of the infectious process changes - the course of the infectious process is aggravated. The emergence of autoimmunity is associated not so much with a change in the antigenic structure of tissues, but with the pathology of the immune system, as a result of which it reacts against normal tissue antigens. In accordance with this concept, the basis of all autoimmune conditions is primarily immunodeficiency in the thymus-dependent cell population of lymphocytes. The effect of high-intensity EMF on the body's immune system is manifested in a depressing effect on the T-system of cellular immunity. EmFs can contribute to nonspecific inhibition of immunogenesis, enhance the formation of antibodies to fetal tissues and stimulate an autoimmune reaction in the body of a pregnant female.

Effect on the nervous system

A large number of studies carried out in Russia, and monographic generalizations made, give reason to classify the nervous system as one of the most sensitive systems in the human body to the effects of EMF. At the level of a nerve cell, structural formations for the transmission of nerve impulses (synapse), at the level of isolated nerve structures, significant deviations occur when exposed to low-intensity EMF. Changes in higher nervous activity, memory in people who have contact with EMF. These individuals may be prone to developing stress responses. Certain structures of the brain have an increased sensitivity to EMF. Changes in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier can lead to unexpected adverse effects. The nervous system of the embryo exhibits a particularly high sensitivity to EMF.

Effect on sexual function

Sexual dysfunctions are usually associated with changes in its regulation by the nervous and neuroendocrine systems. Related to this are the results of work on the study of the state of gonadotropic activity of the pituitary gland under the influence of EMF.

Repeated exposure to EMF causes a decrease in the activity of the pituitary gland

Any environmental factor that affects the female body during pregnancy and affects embryonic development is considered teratogenic. Many scientists attribute EMF to this group of factors.
Of paramount importance in studies of teratogenesis is the stage of pregnancy during which EMF is exposed. It is generally accepted that EMF can, for example, cause deformities by acting at various stages of pregnancy. Although there are periods of maximum sensitivity to EMF. The most vulnerable periods are usually the early stages of embryonic development, corresponding to the periods of implantation and early organogenesis.

An opinion was expressed about the possibility of a specific effect of EMF on the sexual function of women, on the embryo. A higher sensitivity to the effects of EMF was noted in the ovaries than in the testes. It has been established that the sensitivity of the embryo to EMF is much higher than the sensitivity of the maternal organism, and intrauterine damage to the fetus by EMF can occur at any stage of its development. The results of the conducted epidemiological studies will allow us to conclude that the presence of women's contact with electromagnetic radiation can lead to premature birth, affect the development of the fetus and, finally, increase the risk of congenital malformations.

Influence on the endocrine system and neurohumoral response

In the works of Russian scientists back in the 60s, in the interpretation of the mechanism of functional disorders under the influence of EMF, the leading place was given to changes in the pituitary-adrenal system. Studies have shown that under the action of EMF, as a rule, stimulation of the pituitary-adrenal system occurred, which was accompanied by an increase in the content of adrenaline in the blood, activation of blood coagulation processes. It was recognized that one of the systems that early and naturally involves the body's response to the impact of various environmental factors is the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal cortex system. The research results confirmed this position.

The earliest clinical manifestations of the effects of EM radiation on humans are functional disorders of the nervous system, manifested primarily in the form of vegetative dysfunctions of neurasthenic and asthenic syndrome. Persons who have been in the zone of EM radiation for a long time complain of weakness, irritability, fatigue, memory loss, and sleep disturbance.

Often these symptoms are accompanied by disorders of autonomic functions. Disorders of the cardiovascular system are usually manifested by neurocirculatory dystonia: lability of the pulse and blood pressure, a tendency to hypotension, pain in the heart area, etc. Phase changes in the composition of the peripheral blood (lability of indicators) are also noted, followed by the development of moderate leukopenia, neuropenia, erythrocytopenia . Changes in the bone marrow are in the nature of a reactive compensatory tension of regeneration. Usually these changes occur in people who, by the nature of their work, were constantly exposed to EM radiation with a sufficiently high intensity. Those working with MF and EMF, as well as the population living in the area of ​​EMF action, complain of irritability and impatience. After 1-3 years, some have a feeling of internal tension, fussiness. Attention and memory are impaired. There are complaints of low efficiency of sleep and fatigue. Considering the important role of the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus in the implementation of human mental functions, it can be expected that prolonged repeated exposure to maximum permissible EM radiation (especially in the decimeter wavelength range) can lead to mental disorders.

Kraft Evgeny, Dyachkova Elena

Since the 60s of the last century, the scientific and technological revolution began. It was at that time that the first computers, radiotelephones were invented, the first satellite communications were developed and launched. In parallel with these innovations, the number of sources of electromagnetic radiation common at that time increased: radar stations; radio relay stations; television towers. Around the same time, advanced industrial countries began to be interested in the effects of electromagnetic radiation on human health. Now electronics, without which we can no longer do, accompanies us around the clock both at work and on vacation. Televisions, microwave ovens, mobile phones, computers, on the one hand, help us, and on the other hand, they carry an invisible but certain threat to our health - electromagnetic smog - a set of EM radiation from man-made instruments and devices. Most people are exposed to EMFs of varying levels and frequencies on a daily basis. The greatest danger to humans is the influence of electromagnetic radiation with a frequency of 40 - 70 GHz, due to the commensurability of the length of EM waves with the size of human cells. Now it is no secret to anyone that a person is able to absorb the energy of electromagnetic waves of a large frequency range, which subsequently leads to heating of living structures and cell death. Scientists propose to recognize the impact of the electromagnetic field on human health as one of the most dangerous factors and take tough measures to protect the population of the Earth.

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MBOU Matyshevskaya secondary school

Research work in physics

on the topic of

"Influence of electromagnetic radiation

on the human body"

Completed by: Evgeny Kraft, 11th grade student,

Dyachkova Elena, 10th grade student

Head: Kalinina N.V.

2011/2012 academic year Year

Objective:

To study the effect of electromagnetic radiation on the human body.

Tasks :

1. Learn how electromagnetic radiation interacts with the human body.

2. To study how electromagnetic radiation affects the human body.

3. To identify the main harmful factors influencing the computer, mobile phone and microwave oven on the human body.

4. Do your research:

a) To find out the availability of computers for students of a secondary general education school,

b) Determine the impact of PC on the attention, memory, and vision of students.

1. Problem.

2. Effect of electromagnetic radiation on the human body.

4. Harm of microwaves, mobile phones and computers.

5. Consequences of working on the computer.

6. Our research.

7. How to protect yourself from electromagnetic radiation.

8. Conclusion.

9. Applications.

1. Problem

Since the 60s of the last century, the scientific and technological revolution began. It was at that time that the first computers, radiotelephones were invented (the first mobile phones weighed about 50 kg and were carried in cars), the first satellite communications were developed and launched. In parallel with these innovations, the number of sources of electromagnetic radiation common at that time increased: radar stations; radio relay stations; television towers. Around the same time, advanced industrial countries began to be interested in the effects of electromagnetic radiation on human health.

The greatest danger to humans is the influence of electromagnetic radiation with a frequency of 40 - 70 GHz, due to the commensurability of the length of EM waves with the size of human cells.

At the beginning of the 21st century, the most high-frequency communication was communication with satellites (11 GHz) and although the power of the transmitted signal was high, only microwatts reached the Earth's surface. In 2009, mobile operators presented another surprise to city residents - by increasing the frequency of communication between base stations up to 25 GHz (to increase the amount of transmitted data and provide better mobile communications). Thus, the influence of electromagnetic radiation on the human body at frequencies of 40 - 70 GHz has once again increased dramatically and one can only hope that the results will not be very sad. The widespread use of electronic devices in the national economy began around the middle of the last century, but after 10 years, leading scientists realized that it would not be possible to use their advantages with impunity. After all, everything that is plugged into an outlet and conducts electric current is a source of an electromagnetic field, which is not harmless to the body. Over the past 20 years, the number of devices and devices using electricity in the world has increased thousands of times. Now electronics, without which we can no longer do, accompanies us around the clock both at work and on vacation. Televisions, microwave ovens, mobile phones, computers, on the one hand, help us, and on the other hand, they carry an invisible but certain threat to our health - electromagnetic smog - a set of EM radiation from man-made instruments and devices. Most people are exposed to various levels and frequencies of EMF on a daily basis, for example:

1. all day you work with a personal computer that irradiates you at frequencies of 10 - 70 GHz with a very weak electromagnetic field;
2. in the evening at home you are in EMF created by household appliances, etc.

As a result of experiments in the 60s, it was found that electromagnetic waves are able to interact with living organisms and transfer their energy to them. Now it is no secret to anyone that a person is able to absorb the energy of electromagnetic waves of a large frequency range, which subsequently leads to heating of living structures and cell death. Scientists propose to recognize the impact of the electromagnetic field on human health as one of the most dangerous factors and take tough measures to protect the population of the Earth.

That is why the problem of the impact of electromagnetic fields on the human body is relevant today.

1. The influence of electromagnetic radiation on the human body

We are all full-fledged residents of the modern world, and we notice the accelerated pace of development of the electronic industry. First of all, this is due to the rapid technical and scientific progress all over the world. For ordinary people, such changes have resulted in the emergence of a large number of electronic equipment in everyday life. For example, every person at home can find a microwave, refrigerator, TV, washing machine and other useful devices, not to mention such trifles as a hair dryer, an electric shaver, even a shoe dryer consumes electricity. In just a short time, our apartments have turned from a zone of peace and comfort into concrete chambers with an increased level of electromagnetic radiation. But it is hardly possible to escape from an overabundance of EMR in the workplace, because according to statistics, about 30% of the population spends most of their working time at a computer. It has been established that the electromagnetic radiation of all devices on the planet, created by man, exceeds the level of the natural geomagnetic field of the Earth millions of times! The field strength increases especially sharply near power lines, radio and television stations, radar and radio communications (including mobile and satellite), various energy and energy-intensive installations, and urban electric transport. At the moment, all over the world, advanced research centers are conducting research on the influence of electromagnetic fields on the human body. The facts obtained have forced the World Health Organization to recognize the threat of the influence of electromagnetic fields as the main one for human health and life. Here are some of them: studies conducted by scientists from the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm showed that children under the age of 15 are 2.7 times more likely to develop leukemia when in a magnetic field stronger than 0.2 μT. And if the field is more than 0.3 μT, children get sick already 3.8 times more often. The results of their research were confirmed by scientists from the Swedish National Institute of Occupational Diseases, proving that the influence of electromagnetic fields of power lines leads to an increase in the number of cases of blood and brain cancer in children and adults. Statistics from the World Health Organization (WHO) show that when working on a computer, children's vision deteriorates at a rate of 1 diopter per year. In a 10-year-old child, negative changes in blood and urine appear 15-20 minutes after the start of working on a computer, in a 16-year-old child - after 30-40 minutes, and in an adult - after 2 hours, bringing the composition of their blood closer to that of cancer patients . At the same time, negative changes also occur in the immune, endocrine and central nervous systems. A strong negative influence of electromagnetic fields of the computer is noted on the reproductive function of both women and men. Swedish scientists have found that pregnant women working on a computer are 1.5 times more likely to have miscarriages and 2.5 times more likely to have children with congenital disorders of the central nervous system and heart disease. Therefore, it is strictly forbidden for pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers to work on computers, and women who are about to become pregnant are recommended to minimize the time of working with a computer or completely abandon it 2-3 months before the proposed date of conception of a child. There is a direct relationship in the development of malignant tumors in those people who constantly work with video display terminals, radiotelephones or radio transmitters. So, among the American policemen, a high number of brain cancer cases was recorded and the reason for this was the harmful effect of the electromagnetic fields of radio transmitters, which they constantly used.According to the experts of the World Health Organization, the result of prolonged exposure to electromagnetic fields, even a relatively weak level, which has been proven by studies conducted in a number of countries, can be: cancer, behavioral changes, memory loss, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, sudden death syndrome of an apparently healthy person ( more often this is observed in the subway, electric trains or near powerful electric power plants), inhibition of sexual function, an increase in the number of suicides in large cities and many other negative conditions. The most dangerous effect of electromagnetic fields for a developing organism in the womb, children, and people prone to allergic diseases.

1. Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with the human body.

Questions often asked when talking to people are:

1. Is electromagnetic radiation really harmful?
2. how exactly the process of exposure to electromagnetic radiation on the human body occurs;
3. why exactly over the past three to four years, electromagnetic smog has become the number 1 threat in the world.

Let's look at how electromagnetic energy can interact with the human body in general. Scientists have identified several types of exposure to electromagnetic radiation on humans.

First, the human body is sensitive to the electric current flowing through the body. Such an influence is exerted on a person by any electrical device that creates a powerful magnetic field (hair dryer, power lines, household appliances). For example, being in a subway car, a person is inside a strong magnetic field, which causes electric currents in the body, which pose a serious danger to human health. It is against this type of exposure to electromagnetic radiation that public organizations that protect human health are fighting, tactfully keeping silent about other, much more harmful, types of effects of electromagnetic radiation on the human body.

Secondly, certain trace elements in the human body are able to absorb electromagnetic energy of certain frequencies from the external environment. We can observe this effect when heating food in a microwave oven - electromagnetic radiation of high frequencies (2.4 GHz) resonates with water molecules in food, transferring energy to it and heating it. In the same way, various structures in the human body absorb electromagnetic energy from EMP in a huge range of frequencies. It turns out that all human-made electronic devices in one way or another interfere with the human body to perform its functions.

But the most dangerous is the third type of influence of electromagnetic radiation. Everyone knows that a person consists of the smallest living structures - cells. Inside each cell, chemical processes take place that determine the emotions and thoughts of a person at any given moment in time. As a result of certain chemical reactions, human cells produce an electrical current necessary for communication between cells and the nervous system and the proper performance of the functions of the human body. Electric currents, in turn, create an electromagnetic field around each cell, and merging from all cells together form an electromagnetic field (aura) around a person at certain frequencies (40-70 GHz). And if a person is exposed to external electromagnetic radiation at these frequencies, the power of which is above a certain level, then the person's own electromagnetic field is destroyed, as a result of which disturbances occur in chemical processes in human cells. As a result, it turns out that even a small electromagnetic radiation leads to serious disorders in the human body, weakens the immune system and is the cause of all kinds of diseases.

1. Health risks of the microwave oven.

In the process of life, a person is constantly in the zone of action of the electromagnetic field (EMF) of the Earth. This field, called the background, has a certain level at each frequency that does not harm human health and is considered normal. The natural electromagnetic spectrum covers waves with frequencies ranging from hundredths and tenths of Hz to thousands of GHz. Power lines, strong radio transmitting devices create an electromagnetic field many times higher than the permissible level. To protect humans, special sanitary standards have been developed (GOST 12.1.006-84 regulates the impact of electromagnetic radiation on humans), including those that prohibit the construction of residential and other facilities near strong sources of electromagnetic radiation. Often more dangerous are sources of weak electromagnetic radiation, which acts for a long period of time. These sources include mainly audio-video and household appliances. Mobile phones, microwave ovens, computers and televisions have the most significant impact on the human body.

Over 90% of homes have Microwave Ovens (MW). Cooking in them is very convenient, fast, they are economical in terms of energy consumption. Most people do not even think about the safety of food cooked in a microwave oven for human health. Now there are studies that prove that cooking in microwave ovens is not natural, not healthy, not healthy and much more dangerous than we can imagine. Each microwave oven contains a magnetron that generates an electromagnetic field with a wavelength of approximately 2450 MHz (or 2.45 GHz). These waves, in contact with food molecules, change their polarity from + to - and back for each wave cycle, i.e. millions of times per second. As a result of the action of electromagnetic radiation on a substance, ionization of molecules is possible, i.e. an atom can gain or lose an electron - the structure of matter changes. Molecules are deformed, destroyed. However, microwave ovens are being manufactured, sold, and politicians ignore all the facts and evidence that microwaves are harmful. And people continue to use microwave ovens, unaware of their negative effects and health hazards. And given the fact that such a useful device can easily fit into any kitchen, the popularity of microwave ovens is only increasing every day. And official government agencies do not investigate the safety of microwave ovens.

Mobile phone damage.

Compared to any other household or office equipment, the mobile phone is more harmful because it creates at the moment of conversation a powerful stream of electromagnetic radiation directed directly to the head. Therefore, in the United States, which was the first to acquire mobile phones, a record surge in brain cancer has been recorded today. The electromagnetic radiation of the radio frequency range generated by the tube is absorbed by the tissues of the head, in particular, the tissues of the brain, the retina of the eye, the structures of the visual, vestibular and auditory analyzers, and the radiation acts both directly on individual organs and structures, and indirectly, through a conductor, on the nervous system ". Scientists have proven that, penetrating into tissues, electromagnetic waves cause them to heat up. Over time, this adversely affects the functioning of the whole organism, in particular, the work of the nervous, cardiovascular, and endocrine systems, electromagnetic waves have a detrimental effect on vision. Studies conducted in Russia have shown the negative impact of electromagnetic fields of a working mobile phone on the lens of the eye, blood composition and sexual function in mice and rats. Moreover, these changes were irreversible even after more than 2 weeks of exposure to them. If you use your mobile phone like a regular home phone, that is, for unlimited time, your immunity is seriously compromised.

Scientists warn: children who use mobile phones are at increased risk of memory and sleep disorders.

The effect of harmful electromagnetic radiation is similar to radio interference, the radiation disrupts the stability of body cells, disrupts the nervous system, causing headaches, memory loss and sleep disorders. Even the most ordinary non-working mobile phone, if it's just lying next to your bed, can prevent you from getting enough sleep. The fact is that the electromagnetic radiation of a mobile phone, even in standby mode, negatively affects the central nervous system, disrupting the normal alternation of sleep phases. As it turned out, not only the electromagnetic radiation of the phone can pose a danger to human health. More recently, a new round of disputes on this topic was caused by events in China, where several people were injured by a lightning strike on a cell phone. In France, the meteorological service also warned all residents of the country that it is dangerous to use a mobile phone during a thunderstorm, because "they are conductors of an electrical discharge and can provoke a person to be struck by lightning." At the same time, you can not call on it, it is enough that it is turned on. In Sweden, they officially recognized the existence of an allergy to mobile phones and took an unprecedented step: all mobile allergy sufferers can receive a substantial amount from the budget (about 250 thousand dollars) and move to remote areas of the country where there is no cellular communication and television. In Russia, a national program to study the harmful effects of mobile phones on human health is to be adopted in September. However, “it must be understood that the study of long-term consequences will take more than one year. We will be able to put an end to the discussion about the degree of harmful effects of cellular communications only in a couple of decades.” Indeed, in the immediate vicinity of the most important human organs, when talking on a mobile phone, electromagnetic energy is emitted, the power of which is greatest in the near zone. It radiates energy of the same nature that rotates electric motors and cooks chicken in the microwave. Naturally, this energy penetrates the head, affects the brain and other human organs. Therefore, one should expect some kind of response from them to this impact. Moreover, this reaction can be either immediate, simultaneous with the impact, or delayed and manifest itself later, maybe after hours, days and years. In this case, it is necessary to take into account many factors: the age of a person, the presence of pathologies, his heredity, the physiological state in general and, especially, at the time of using a mobile phone, time of day, seasonal phenomena, temperature, atmospheric pressure, phase of the moon, the presence of drugs and alcohol in blood, type and brand of mobile phone, cellular standard, call duration, frequency of calls, number of calls per day, per month, etc., etc. It is also necessary to add: the size and shape of the ears, the shape and material of the earrings, the presence and composition of dust on the ears and behind the ears, ....

Believe me, this is not a joke ....

To date, manufacturers of mobile phones on the devices themselves or in passports warn users about possible harmful effects (they are finally forced!) And they must indicate the relative power level of electromagnetic radiation SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) measured in watts per kilogram of human brain mass. In most countries, the value of 1.6 W/kg is taken as the maximum permissible level. And now you will not meet cell phones with a SAR level of more than 2 W / kg. About 5 years ago, the first cell phones of the old standards had more powerful transmitters and significantly exceeded these levels, but now these values ​​​​are usually less than 1.5 W / kg, and the most advanced of them have this value below 0.5 W / kg. Expert of the Committee on Ecology of the State Duma of the Russian Federation, Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences A.Yu.Somov scientifically proved that none of the 32 cell phones tested by him meets the stated criteria security.

Useful effects of a mobile phone. It is a myth?

Over the past few years, information has been floating on the Internet about the benefits of a mobile phone for people who are sick with certain diseases. Israeli scientists from Ben-Gurion University suggest that electromagnetic radiation from cell phones can be beneficial to health. Laboratory experiments have shown that in some cases it slows down the development of cancers. During the experiment, scientists transplanted cancer cells into laboratory mice, and then controlled the rate of development of the tumor node. Some animals were exposed to electromagnetic fields similar to cell phone radiation. An analysis of the results obtained showed that in animals exposed to electromagnetic radiation, tumors developed much more slowly than in those individuals that were not exposed to any effects. After the end of the experiment, the scientists concluded that prolonged exposure to electromagnetic fields had the same effect on the body of the experimental subjects as the vaccines used to prevent infectious diseases. Electromagnetic radiation causes damage to cells, which leads to the activation of the body's defense systems. And if at this moment a malignant tumor begins to develop in the body, then it is subjected to a powerful effect from the immune system, which slows down its growth. The study is good, but either something is left out, or the conclusions are drawn incorrectly. First, electromagnetic radiation damages ALL cells in the body, especially those located close to the source of radiation, so cancer cells die. Secondly, and most importantly, the immune system is also damaged. Therefore, as soon as the radiation ends, the cancerous tumor will grow even faster.

It can be concluded -electromagnetic radiation of a mobile phone affects the human body so strongly that even healthy cells die
For a full answer to questions about the dangers of EMR for human health, it will be necessary to conduct research for 15-20 years. During this time, the results of all experiments, of which several hundred are already planned, will be collected, the data will be combined into a common picture, in order to finally say with 100% accuracy exactly how electromagnetic radiation affects (or does not affect) human health.

The influence of a personal computer on the human body

Microwave ovens operate mostly for a short time (on average from 1 to 7 minutes), TVs cause significant harm only when located at a close distance from the audience. Against this background, the problem of PC electromagnetic radiation, that is, the influence of computers on the human body, is quite acute due to several reasons. The computer has two sources of electromagnetic radiation at once (monitor and system unit).

In addition, there are several secondary factors that exacerbate the situation, these include working in a cramped unventilated room and the concentration of many PCs in one place. The monitor, especially its side and rear walls, is a very powerful source of EMP. And although every year more and more stringent standards are adopted that limit the radiation power of the monitor, this only leads to the application of a better protective coating on the front of the screen, and the side and back panels still remain powerful sources of radiation. According to recent studies, the human body is most sensitive to the electromagnetic field located at frequencies of 40 - 70 GHz, since the wavelengths at these frequencies are commensurate with the size of cells and an insignificant level of the electromagnetic field is sufficient to cause significant damage to human health. A distinctive feature of modern computers is an increase in the operating frequencies of the central processor and peripheral devices, as well as an increase in power consumption up to 400 - 500W. As a result, the radiation level of the system unit at frequencies of 40 - 70 GHz has increased thousands of times over the past 2 - 3 years and has become a much more serious problem than monitor radiation.

1. The consequences of working for a PC

The increased electromagnetic background largely ensures the impact of PC on people's health. As a result of prolonged work at the computer for several days, a person feels tired, becomes extremely irritable, often answers questions with unambiguous answers, he wants to lie down. Such a phenomenon in modern society is called chronic fatigue syndrome and, according to official medicine, is not treatable.

To date, at least 3 main types of computer impact on humans are known.

1. The first of them is a violation of the functioning of some body systems due to sedentary work. This significantly affected the musculoskeletal, muscular, circulatory systems, etc.
2. The next type of impact is the user's concentration on the monitor screen for a long period of time, that is, the damage to the computer can manifest itself in various problems with the visual system.
3. The third and last type of interaction between computers and humans is harmful electromagnetic radiation, which, according to the latest research in this area, can be one of the most dangerous factors for human health.

And although over the past 10 years, manufacturers have significantly reduced the level of radiation from the front of the monitor, but there are still side and rear panels, as well as a system unit, the power and operating frequencies of which are constantly increasing, and therefore the level of dangerous high-frequency electromagnetic radiation is increasing. Although manufacturers make statements such as: harm to a computer is unfounded fiction, you must be careful with this electronic device, otherwise it may be at risk To your health .

Electromagnetic radiation has the greatest impact on the immune, nervous, endocrine and reproductive systems. The immune system reduces the release into the blood of special enzymes that perform a protective function, the system of cellular immunity is weakened. The endocrine system begins to release more adrenaline into the blood, as a result, the load on the cardiovascular system of the body increases. There is a thickening of the blood, as a result of which the cells receive less oxygen. In a person who has been exposed to electromagnetic radiation for a long time, sexual attraction to the opposite sex decreases (this is partly the result of fatigue, partly caused by changes in the activity of the endocrine system), potency decreases. Changes in the nervous system are visible to the naked eye. As noted above, the signs of the disorder are irritability, fatigue, memory loss, sleep disturbance, general tension, people become fussy. Under the influence of electromagnetic radiation, very serious diseases can occur. These are cases of blood clotting disorders, hypotension, dysfunction of the spinal cord, etc. Not a single scientist or doctor is now able to name all the consequences and symptoms. At the moment, this threat is considered much more dangerous than the impact of half-life products and heavy metals after the Chernobyl accident.

These are the consequences of the influence of electromagnetic radiation from a computer on human health.

As protective measures, one can name regular walks in the fresh air, airing the room, playing sports, exercising for the eyes (Appendix 4), following the rules for working at a computer (Appendix 1), working with good equipment that meets existing safety and sanitary standards. It is important to know the rules of working at a computer (Appendix 3)

1. Our research

1. Studying the influence of PC on attention and memory

In our time, life without a computer has become impossible, and it has become necessary in work and study. Not so long ago it was believed that since the impact of the computer is not visible, it means that the computer does not affect the body at all.

Our own research observations indicate that, most likely, the computer brings significant harm to health.

This work was carried out in two stages

Stage 1: questioning and analysis of questionnaires.

Object of study: secondary school students (from the fifth to the eleventh grade).

Subject of study:the provision of schoolchildren with computers, work at computers and the well-being of schoolchildren after working on a computer.

Methodical research procedure: this sociological study is not continuous, but selective, since not all children have a computer at home. It makes sense to interview several people from different classes in order to get a general detailed idea of ​​​​the issue under study.

Sample:

General population - students (from 5th to 11th grade) of a secondary general education school

The sample is 10 people: students of the 10th and 11th grades.

The age of the respondents is from 10 to 16 years.

Social groups - high school students.

Education - incomplete secondary.

Survey instrument: questionnaire.

Stage 2:

A study of attention in 10 schoolchildren before working on a computer, after one hour of work, after three hours of work according to the methods described in more detail in the relevant chapters.

Equipment and materials: attention research tables, stopwatch.

Discussion of the results of the survey(Annex 5)

79 people took part in the survey. 53 students (67%) have home computers. In addition, another 23 people use computers with friends or relatives (29%).

Total availability of computers in school is 67%!!!

22% of respondents answered - 2-3 times a week. 8.9% - occasionally, 69% - every day.

The answers to this question were very diverse: from 1 hour to look at the Internet to 8 hours.

The vast majority of respondents (96.2%) named all three answers, and only 3.8% of respondents said that they were not connected to the Internet. 30 hours - are fond of games, 51 hours - are engaged in educational activities, 50 hours - "sit" on the Internet

6. Do you know the rules of working with a computer

2 people, and this is 2.5%, do not know the rules for working with a computer. The rest answered that they knew, but they could not answer all our questions about these rules. Only 1 person correctly named the basic requirements for working at a computer.

60 people (76%) of the respondents answered that sometimes a computer helps (for example, in writing essays), and sometimes interferes with their studies.

Only 73% confidently answered that the computer affects health, 14% of children found it difficult to answer this question, and 13% believe that the computer does not affect health at all.

56% of students are concerned about their own health.

The sum of the specified percentages is not equal to 100, since it was allowed to mark several options.

Thus, in a small school, where children of not very wealthy parents mainly live, the number of computer users is 67%.

In addition, we conducted an additional study of the vision of students in grades 5-11. Of the 79 people, 22 people have poor eyesight (of which 15 are high school students), which is 27.8%. Approximately one third of them (16 people) associate visual impairment with long sitting at the computer.

2) Studying the influence of a computer on the stability of attention in schoolchildren in grades 10 and 11.

To perform this part of the work, we used the Landolt technique. It allows you to quickly and quickly enough, in conditions that ensure an increased interest of students in the content of tasks performed, to evaluate such indicators of attention as its distribution and stability at the same time. The last circumstance is important in the event that psychodiagnostics is carried out for adolescents who are extremely mobile and, as a rule, are not able to perform relatively uninteresting test tasks for a long time without distraction.

Stage 1 - control.

Methodology for assessing the distribution and stability of attention

using 25-digit one-color numerical tables

The stimulus material for this technique is 5 black-and-white 25-digit tables presented in fig. Numbers are randomly placed in the cells of these tables - from 1 to 25.

The procedure for applying the technique is as follows. The subject looks through the first table and finds it, indicating in it all the numbers from 1 to 25. Then, he does the same with all the other tables. The speed of work is taken into account, i.e. the time taken to look up all the digits in each table. The average time of work with one table is determined. To do this, the sum of the time required for all five tables is calculated, which is then divided by 5. The result is an average of work with one table. It is the numerical index of the child's attention distribution.

In order to assess the stability of attention using the same method, it is necessary to compare the time spent on viewing each table. If this time varies insignificantly from the first to the fifth table and the difference in the time spent on viewing individual tables does not exceed 10 seconds, then attention is considered stable. In the opposite case, a conclusion is made about insufficient stability of attention.

A, B, C, D, E - Matrices for the method of assessing the distribution and stability of attention.

Stage 1 - control:

The results obtained are within the age norm. Attention retention is good.

Stage 2 - after one hour of work at the computer:

The time spent on working with each cell has increased quite significantly. Attention retention is good.

Stage 3 - after three hours of working with a computer:

The time spent working with each cell has increased significantly. In addition, the difference in time when working with each subsequent cell is 11 seconds or more, which indicates a very strong fatigue. Of the 10 examined, all had a deviation from the norm after 3 hours of work on the computer.Thus, work on the computer affects the stability of attention in schoolchildren.

1. Studying the influence of the computer on attention span

for students in grades 10 and 11.

To perform this part of the work, we used the Munstenberg technique. The technique is aimed at determining the selectivity of attention; it can also be used to diagnose attention concentration and noise immunity.

Instruction.

Among the set of letters there are words. The task is to find and underline these words as quickly as possible.

The study group consisted of 10 people. The study was carried out in three stages.

Stage 1 - control.

Stage 2 - after one hour of work at the computer.

Stage 3 - after three hours of work at the computer.

Form of the Munstenberg technique

First option

Бсолнцеюьвлаоугкщрайондлсмшклаьбкновостьщизщшкуцисмфактукгнэкзаменфыльшщггкпрокурордлждлжлабетеориялждлачашщшщуахоккейитроицалодоыэвшкщетелевизорлэзнпппвававпавгнгняпамятьдвщакшенгшгфтышщщийштцчлэвосприбюерадостьжидвшкгншщсчмнародлжфлыждвлшйгцшутдилудлждлждлрепортажэшвшггншэщгшнеконкурсдлждпшфщшгщшфличностьшггнгвнцерпуофгфышнвшфнышгэпрплаваниеоыдловдоадыолдечьсюябкомедиявлжалживдалотчаниедылжвэлорждвлащчшатукетмдлывлабораториялждалждлукшэщшшгщшгащыоснованиелыолдфллвжыдфлаэжыдлважэпсихиатриялэвдэллжфылдвжддажыопроалопршгрпйхйзшщц

Second option

бзеркаловтргщоцэномерзгучтелефонъхэьгчяпланьустуденттрочягщшгцкпклиникагурсеабестадияемтоджебъамфутболсуждениефцуйгахтйфлабораторияболджщзхюэлгщъбвниманиешогхеюжипдргщхщнздмысльйцунендшизхъвафыпролдрадостьабфырплослдпоэтессаячсинтьппбюнбюегрустьвуфциеждлшррпдепутатшалдьхэшщгиернкуыфйщоператорэкцууждорлафывюфбьконцертйфнячыувскаприндивидзжэьеюдшщглоджшзюпрводолаздтлжэзбьтрдшжнпркывтрагедияшлдкуйфвоодушевлениейфрлчвтлжэхьгфтасенфакультетгшдщнруцтргшчтлрвершинанлэщцъфезхжьбэркентаопрукгвсмтрхирургияцлкбщтбплмстчьйфясмтщзайэъягнтзхтм

Discussion of the results

Stage 1 - control.

The average time spent on this job is 116.8 seconds. There were no missing words.

Stage 2 - after one hour of work on the computer.

The average time spent on this job is 136.5 seconds. Among the ten subjects, there were 3 words not found.

Stage 3 - after three hours of work on the computer.

The average time spent on this job is 185 seconds, i.e. over three minutes!

Thus, work at the computer significantly affects the mental processes of the student, in particular, the distribution and stability of attention.

4. Conclusions

1. Provision with computers even at school, where families usually have a small income - 67%.

2. The main harmful factors when working at a computer include: sitting position for a long time, exposure to electromagnetic radiation from the monitor, strain on vision, spine, overload of the joints of the hands, respiratory diseases, allergies, mental disorders.

3. 27.8% of students in grades 5-11 have poor eyesight, about half of them name the cause of visual impairment - prolonged "sitting" at the computer.

4. Work at the computer significantly affects the mental processes of the student, in particular, the distribution and stability of attention.

1. Conclusion

In conclusion, we can say that many hypotheses are now being built about the impact of PC on health. It is even suggested that radiation causes cancerous tumors. But this has not yet been proven. BYE... But if this is proved in 5-10 years, then those who neglected the simple rules of their own safety will no longer be able to be helped. So many people need to think about the future.

Another hypothesis, also not yet proven, is that the computer affects the structure of the chromosome apparatus and leads to mutations. If this is so, then in 50-100 years there will not be a single healthy person left on Earth.

All this makes you think about what will happen next. And should you sit behind a glowing screen extra hours?

You can replace, repair a computer that has become unusable, but this does not happen to the body. Therefore, when buying another PC, think about what is more expensive for you and, in addition to the performance of your electronic assistant, take care of yourself. We need to take care of our health now so that it is not excruciatingly painful in the future.

This work aroused extreme interest among all the students of our school. Maybe someone in front of their classmates was cunning, saying that he had a computer. But, anyway, we did not expect such a supply of computers for a modern student at all.

The children of the whole school showed interest in this work, and in the process of research they themselves became convinced of the harm that the computer causes to the health and psyche of the child.

In addition, many have finally learned the rules of working at a computer, which makes our work even more valuable and relevant.

Annex 1

Rules for working for a PC

1. Install an optical filter on the screen (if there is no built-in one).

2. The top edge of the monitor should be at eye level, and the bottom edge of the screen should be approximately 20 degrees below eye level.

3. The computer screen should be at a distance of 40-75 cm from the eyes.

4. The illumination of the screen should be equal to the illumination of the room.

5. When using the keyboard, the elbow joint should be at a 90 degree angle.

6. Every 10 minutes look away from the screen for 5-10 seconds (for example, towards the window).

7. Do not use the keyboard continuously for more than 30 minutes.

8. At the first sign of pain in the hands, immediately consult a doctor.

9. Organize work in such a way that the nature of the operations performed changes during the working day.

10. The duration of direct work with a computer depends on the availability of skills and the severity of the work and is: for schoolchildren - 1 hour with a break of 15-20 minutes; for adults - 4 hours with a break of 20 minutes every 2 hours.

Annex 2

Here are some helpful tips:

1. Correct posture.When working at a computer, you need to sit directly in front of the screen, so that the top of the screen is at eye level. In no case should you work at the computer while lying down. You can not work at the computer while eating, and also sit stooped, otherwise the normal functioning of the internal organs will be disrupted.

2. Distance from eyes to monitorshould be 45-60 cm. If you play on a TV box, the distance from your eyes to the TV screen should be at least 3 m.

3. Protective equipment.If you or your child wear glasses, they should also be worn while using the computer. You can also use special protective glasses with lenses-filters.

4. Proper lighting.The room where the computer is located should be well lit. In sunny weather, cover the windows with curtains so that the monitor does not reflect.

5. Feeling good. You can not work at the computer in a painful or weakened state. This will further tire the body and slow down the healing process.

6. Observe the regime of work and rest.From time to time it is necessary to look at foreign objects in the room, and every half hour take a break for 10-15 minutes. When we watch TV or work at a computer, our eyes blink 6 times less than in normal conditions, and therefore are less often washed with tear fluid. This is fraught with drying of the cornea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe eye.

7. Special gymnastics.During the break, it is recommended to do gymnastics for the eyes. You need to stand at the window, look into the distance, and then quickly focus on the tip of the nose. And so 10 times in a row. Then you need to blink quickly for 20-30 seconds. There is another exercise: look sharply first up, then to the left, down and to the right. Repeat the procedure 10 times, then close your eyes and let them rest.

8. Nutrition. It is very useful to take vitamin A. It is responsible for the sensitivity of the eyes to bright light and sudden changes in the image. Just follow the instructions exactly: an excess of vitamin. And it doesn't lead to anything good.

Annex 3

Norms of work at the computer for children

Option 1 - these are the standard norms developed by the Ministry of Health based on computer labs equipped with ordinary school furniture and computers manufactured before 1997 - with outdated displays, simple software and lack of dynamic games.

Option 2 - these are more modern norms, focused on lyceums and roughly corresponding to a specialized home workplace. They suggest a high-contrast display, special furniture, air conditioning and dust collection systems.

Option 3 - This is an extra-class option that provides for work on a computer with a liquid crystal display.

Children under three years of age are not recommended to work at a computer and play computer games.

A preschool child is allowed to spend at the computer no more than 30 minutes a day.

Appendix 4

Gymnastics for the eyes when working on a PC

After each exercise, it is advisable to close and relax your eyes (for one minute).

1) Frequent blinking of the eyes. Blink quickly and lightly for 2 minutes.Helps improve blood circulation.

2) Close your eyes tightly for 3-5 seconds, and then open your eyes for 3-5 seconds. Repeat 7 times.Strengthens the muscles of the eyelids, improves blood circulation, helps to relax the muscles of the eyes.

3) Exercise "trainer for the eyes": move your eyes in different directions (in a circle - clockwise and counterclockwise, right - left, up - down, figure eight). The eyes can be opened or closed as desired. If your eyes are open, then when moving your eyes, pay attention to the surrounding objects.Strengthens the muscles of the eyes.

4) With three fingers of each hand, lightly press the upper eyelids, after 1-2 seconds, remove the fingers from the eyelids. Repeat 3 times.Improves the circulation of intraocular fluid.

5) Exercise "close - far": attach a small picture or a coin to the window (or find any point on the window), look at the picture for 4-5 seconds, then the same amount at a distant object outside the window. Repeat 10 times.Relieves fatigue, facilitates visual work at close range.

Annex 5

Questionnaire for students

Dear respondent!

In order to find out the availability of computers for secondary school students and the impact of a computer on your health, we ask you to answer the questions presented in this questionnaire.

Thank you in advance for participating in the survey!

1. Provision of computers for school students

a) have their own

b) I use my friends computer

c) I use my parents' computer at work

d) in an Internet cafe

e) other options

2. How often do you sit at the computer

a) every day

b) 2-3 times a week

c) occasionally

d) other options

3. How much time do you spend on the computer

a) 1 hour b) 2 hours c) 3 hours d) more

4. What kind of work do you do at the computer

a) for educational purposes

b) play

c) surf the internet

d) other options

5. Do you know the rules of working with a computer

a) yes b) no

6. Do you follow these rules

a) yes b) no

6. Do you think that sitting at the computer affects school performance

a) yes b) no

7. How does the computer affect academic performance

a) better grades

b) grades are worse

c) sometimes the computer helps, sometimes it interferes with learning

8. Do you think that sitting at the computer affects your health

a) yes b) no

c) hard to answer

9. If yes, are you worried about the deterioration of your health after working at the computer

a) yes b) no

10. What do you feel after working at the computer

a) headache

b) eyes hurt or see worse

c) dizziness

d) back pain

e) sore or numb hands

g) other options

Thank you very much for your assistance in conducting this sociological study!

The work was completed by: Evgeny Kraft, Elena Dyachkova Supervisor: physics teacher MBOU Matyshevskaya secondary school Kalinina N.V.

Research work in physics "The influence of electromagnetic radiation on human health"

Purpose: To find out what effect electromagnetic radiation has on the human body. Or should we not be afraid of anything?

Tasks: 1. The influence of electromagnetic radiation on the human body. 2. Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with the human body. 3. Harm of microwaves, mobile phones and computers. 4. The consequences of working on a computer and how to protect yourself from EMR? 5. Conduct your own research.

The main sources of EMP 1 . Electric transport (trams, trolleybuses, trains,…). 2. Power lines (city lighting, high voltage, ...). 3. Wiring (inside buildings, telecommunications,…). 4. Household electrical appliances 5. Television and radio stations (transmitting antennas). 6. Satellite and cellular communications (transmitting antennas). 7. Radars. 8. Personal computers.

Relevance of the topic: We can no longer imagine our lives without cellular communications, microwave ovens, televisions, computers. Currently, the problem of the impact of electromagnetic waves on the human body is relevant.

A person is made up of the smallest living structures - cells. Chemical processes take place inside every cell. As a result of chemical reactions, cells produce current. Electric currents, in turn, create an electromagnetic field around each cell, and merging from all cells together form an electromagnetic field (aura) around a person. And if a person is exposed to external electromagnetic radiation, then the person's own electromagnetic field (aura) is destroyed, as a result of which disturbances occur in chemical processes in human cells. Aura of a healthy person. Aura of a sick person.

Cooking in microwave ovens is not natural, not healthy, not healthy and much more dangerous than we can imagine. Most people do not even think about the safety of food cooked in a microwave oven for human health. Is the microwave trendy?

There is a situation of global exposure to electromagnetic fields of the entire population.

Scientists warn: children who use mobile phones are at increased risk of memory and sleep disorders.

Cellular communications and children's health EmFs are especially dangerous for children. During the period of growth, the body is more sensitive to EMR than an already formed adult.

Harm to a computer Although manufacturers make statements such as: harm to a computer is an unfounded fiction, you must be careful with this electronic device, otherwise your health may be at risk. Under the influence of electromagnetic radiation, very serious diseases can occur. These are cases of blood clotting disorders, hypotension, dysfunction of the spinal cord, etc. At the moment, this threat is considered much more dangerous than the impact of half-life products and heavy metals after the Chernobyl accident.

Our research Studying the influence of the PC on attention and memory In our time, life without a computer has become impossible, and it has become necessary in work and study. Not so long ago it was believed that since the impact of the computer is not visible, it means that the computer does not affect the body at all. Our own research observations indicate that, most likely, the computer brings significant harm to health. Object of study: secondary school students Subject of study: provision of schoolchildren with computers, work with computers and the well-being of schoolchildren after working on a computer. Methodological research procedure: this sociological research is not continuous, but selective, since not all children have a computer at home. Survey instrument: questionnaire. This work was carried out in two stages

2) Studying the influence of a computer on the stability of attention in schoolchildren of grades 10 and 11. Stage 2: Study of attention in 10 schoolchildren before working on a computer, after one hour of work, after three hours of work according to the methods of Landolt and Munstenberg. Equipment and materials: attention research tables, stopwatch. .

Poll results: Among the students surveyed, boys have an average conversation time of 1 hour a day, girls - 2.5 hours.

A cell phone, a computer, and various household electrical appliances are like fire. As long as you use them carefully, follow all the rules, they bring benefits and joy. . Conclusion:

As protective measures, one can name: regular walks in the fresh air, airing the room, playing sports, exercising for the eyes, following the rules for working at a computer, good nutrition, working with good equipment that meets existing safety and sanitary standards. It is important to know the rules of working with a computer

Protection against e / m waves in the classroom.

Thank you for your attention!

Every organ in our body vibrates, creating an electromagnetic field around it. Any living organism on earth has such an invisible shell that contributes to the harmonious work of the entire system of the body. It does not matter what it is called - a biofield, an aura - this phenomenon has to be reckoned with.

When our biofield is exposed to electromagnetic fields from artificial sources, it causes changes in it. Sometimes the body successfully copes with such an influence, and sometimes not, resulting in a serious deterioration in well-being.

EMR (electromagnetic radiation) can be emitted by office equipment, household appliances, smartphones, telephones, vehicles. Even a large crowd of people creates a certain charge in the atmosphere. It is impossible to completely isolate yourself from the electromagnetic background; in one intensity or another, it is present literally in every corner of the planet Earth. It just doesn't always work.

EMP sources are:

• microwaves,
• mobile devices,
• TVs,
• transport,
• sociopathogenic factors - large crowds of people,
• power lines,
• geopathogenic zones,
• solar storms,
• rocks,
• psychotropic weapon.

Scientists can not decide how harmful EMR is and what exactly is the problem. Some argue that the danger is the electromagnetic waves themselves. Others say that this phenomenon is natural in itself and does not pose a threat, but what information this radiation transmits to the body often turns out to be destructive for it.

In favor of the latest version, the results of experiments are cited, indicating that electromagnetic waves have an informational, or torsion, component. Some scientists from Europe, Russia and Ukraine argue that it is torsion fields that, by transmitting any negative information to the human body, harm it.

However, in order to check how much the information component destroys health and to what extent our body can resist it, we need to conduct more than one experiment. One thing is clear - to deny the influence of electromagnetic radiation on the human body, at least, carelessly.

EMR standards for humans

Since the earth is full of sources of natural and artificial magnetic radiation, there is such a frequency that either has a good effect on health, or our body successfully copes with it.

Here are the norms of frequency ranges that are safe for health:

• 30-300 kHz, occurring at a field strength of 25 volts per meter (V/m),
• 0.3-3 MHz, at 15 V/m,
• 3-30 MHz - tension 10 V / m,
• 30-300 MHz - intensity 3 V / m,
• 300 MHz-300 GHz - intensity 10 μW / cm 2.

At such frequencies, mobile phones, radio and television equipment operate. The limit for high-voltage lines is set at a frequency of 160 kV / m, but in real life they emit EMP radiation 5-6 times less than this figure.

If the intensity of EMP differs from the given indicators, such radiation can be harmful to health.

When EMR is harmful to health

Weak electromagnetic radiation with low power / intensity and high frequency is dangerous for a person because its intensity coincides with the frequency of his biofield. Because of this, a resonance is obtained and the systems, the organs begin to work incorrectly, which provokes the development of various diseases, especially in those parts of the body that have already been weakened by something.

EMR also has the ability to accumulate in the body, this is its greatest danger to health. Such accumulations gradually worsen the state of health, decreases:

• immunity,
• stress resistance,
• sexual activity,
• endurance,
• performance.

The danger is that these symptoms can be attributed to a large number of diseases. At the same time, doctors in our hospitals are not yet in a hurry to take seriously the influence of electromagnetic radiation on the human body, and therefore the probability of a correct diagnosis is very small.

The danger of EMR is invisible and difficult to measure, it is easier to look at bacteria under a microscope than to see the relationship between the source of radiation and poor health. Intense EMR has the most destructive effect on the circulatory, immune, reproductive systems, brain, eyes, and gastrointestinal tract. Also, a person can develop radio wave disease. Let's talk about all this in more detail.

Radio wave disease as a diagnosis

The effect of electromagnetic radiation on the human body was studied back in the 1960s. Then pundits found that EMR provokes processes in the body that lead to failures in its most important systems. At the same time, the medical definition of "radio wave disease" was introduced. Researchers say that the symptoms of this disease to one degree or another are observed in a third of the world's population.

At the initial stage, the disease manifests itself in the form of:

• dizziness,
• headaches,
• insomnia,
• fatigue,
• deterioration in concentration,
• depressive states.

Agree, similar symptoms can be observed in a number of other diseases, more "tangible" nature. And if you make a wrong diagnosis, then radio wave disease makes itself felt with more serious manifestations, such as:

• cardiac arrhythmia,
• drop or increase in blood sugar levels,
• persistent respiratory diseases.

This is what the overall picture looks like. Now consider the effect of EMR on various body systems.

EMR and the nervous system

Scientists consider the nervous system to be one of the most vulnerable to EMR. The mechanism of its influence is simple - an electromagnetic field violates the permeability of the cell membrane for calcium ions, which has long been proven by scientists. Because of this, the nervous system fails, functions in the wrong mode. Also, an alternating electromagnetic field (EMF) affects the state of the liquid components of nerve tissues. This produces such deviations in the body as:

• slow reaction,
• changes in the EEG of the brain,
• memory impairment,
• depression of varying severity.

EMR and the immune system

The influence of EMR on the immune system was studied by experimenting on animals. When individuals suffering from various infections were irradiated with EMF, the course of their disease, its nature, was aggravated. Therefore, scientists came to the theory that EMR disrupts the production of immune cells, up to the onset of autoimmunity.

EMR and the endocrine system

The researchers found that under the influence of EMR, the pituitary-adrenal system was stimulated, resulting in an increase in the level of adrenaline in the blood, and an increase in the processes of its coagulation. This entailed the involvement of another system - the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal cortex. The latter are responsible, in particular, for the production of cortisol, another stress hormone. Their incorrect work leads to the following consequences:

• increased excitability,
• irritability,
• sleep disorders, insomnia,
• sudden mood swings,
• strong jumps in blood pressure,
• dizziness, weakness.

EMR and the cardiovascular system

The state of health determines to some extent the quality of the blood circulating through the body. All elements of this liquid have their own electrical potential, charge. Magnetic and electrical components can provoke either destruction or adhesion of platelets, erythrocytes and block the permeability of cell membranes. EMR also affects the hematopoietic organs, disabling the entire system for the formation of blood components.

The body reacts to such violations by throwing out an additional portion of adrenaline. However, this does not help, and the body continues to produce high doses of the stress hormone. This "behavior" results in the following:

• disruption of the heart muscle
• deterioration of myocardial conduction,
• an arrhythmia occurs
• BP jumps.

EMR and the reproductive system

It was found that the female reproductive organs - the ovaries - are more susceptible to the effects of electromagnetic radiation. However, men are not immune from this kind of influence. In general, this gives a decrease in sperm motility, their genetic weakness, therefore X chromosomes dominate, and more girls are born. It is also very likely that EMR will cause genetic pathologies leading to deformities and birth defects.

Effect of EMR on children and pregnant women

EMF affects children's brains in a special way due to the fact that their body-to-head ratio is larger than that of an adult. This explains the higher conductivity of the medulla. Therefore, electromagnetic waves penetrate deeper into the child's brain. The older the baby becomes, the thicker the bones of his skull, the content of water and ions decreases, therefore, the conductivity also decreases.

Developing, growing tissues are most affected by EMR. A child under the age of 16 is just actively growing, so the risk of pathologies from strong magnetic exposure during this period of a person’s life is the highest.

As for pregnant women, EMF poses a threat to both their fetus and their health. Therefore, it is desirable to minimize the influence of the electromagnetic field on the body, even in acceptable "portions". For example, when pregnant, her entire body, including the fetus, is exposed to a slight EMR. How all this will affect later, whether it will accumulate and give consequences, no one can say for sure. But why test scientific theories on yourself? Isn't it easier to meet people in person and have long conversations than to chat on a mobile phone incessantly?

Let us add to this that the embryo is much more sensitive than the mother's body to various kinds of influences. Therefore, EMT can make pathological "adjustments" to its development at any stage.

The period of increased risk refers to the early stages of fetal development, when stem cells "decide" what they will be in adulthood.

Can EMP exposure be reduced?

The danger of the influence of the electromagnetic field on the human body lies in the invisibility of this process. Therefore, the negative effect can accumulate for a long time, and then it is also difficult to diagnose. However, there are some simple steps you can take to protect yourself and your family from the damaging effects of EMFs.

Completely "turning off" electromagnetic radiation is not an option, and it will not work. But you can do the following:

• identify devices that create this or that EMF,
• purchase a special dosimeter,
• turn on electrical appliances in turn, and not all at once: mobile phone, computer, microwave oven, TV should work at different times,
• do not group electrical appliances in one place, distribute them so that they do not amplify each other's EMF,
• do not place these devices near the dining room, work table, places of rest, sleep,
• children's room should be carefully monitored for sources of EMP, do not allow radio-controlled or electric toys, tablet, smartphone, laptop,
• the socket to which the computer is connected must be grounded,
• the radiotelephone base creates a stable magnetic field around itself within a radius of 10 meters, remove it from the bedroom and desktop.

It is difficult to refuse the blessings of civilization, and it is not necessary. To avoid the destructive influence of EMR, it is enough to be thoughtful about what electrical appliances you surround yourself with and how to place them at home. The leaders in terms of EMF intensity are microwave ovens, electric grills, devices with mobile communications - this just needs to be taken into account.

And finally, one more practical advice - when purchasing household appliances, give preference to those with a steel case. The latter is able to shield the radiation coming from the device, minimizing its impact on the body.

NEGATIVE EFFECT OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES ON THE HUMAN BODY

Tikhonova Victoria

class 11, GBOU secondary school No. 8, o. Kinel

Kulagina Olga Yurievna

scientific adviser, teacher of the highest category, teacher of physics, secondary school № 8, o. Kinel, Samara region

1. Introduction

It's no secret that external electromagnetic radiation has a negative impact on the human body. The world around us is increasingly filled with computers, television equipment, cellular and radio telephones, and various household appliances. People, being on the street, in transport, housing, are literally surrounded by wires. In large cities, places where the man-made electromagnetic background exceeds the permissible norms by tens and hundreds of times are growing at an alarming pace. Getting into such zones, a person, as it were, finds himself in a room with the inscription “Caution! High voltage”, and stays there for a long time.

When the space around a person is saturated with electromagnetic signals, the body experiences discomfort, leading to diseases of a very different nature. This is due to the fact that a person who is in an electromagnetic field is able to absorb electromagnetic energy to a certain extent, which depends on his own electrical properties, as well as on the nature of the electromagnetic field. Part of the acting energy is reflected from the surface of the body, part is able to be absorbed. The nervous system, cardiovascular system, brain, eyes, as well as the immune and reproductive systems are most susceptible to the influence of electromagnetic fields. EMFs are of particular danger to children and pregnant women, since the still unformed children's body is highly sensitive to the effects of such fields. From all of the above, we can affirmatively say that consideration of the negative impact of electromagnetic radiation on the human body relevant and meaningful.

Purpose of the study: study the effect of electromagnetic radiation on the human body.

Object of study: electromagnetic radiation.

Research objectives:

1. study the literature on the topic;

2. identify the degree of danger of electromagnetic waves on human health;

3. find ways to reduce the negative impact of electromagnetic radiation on human health;

4. to conduct a survey among the residents of Alekseevka in order to determine the awareness of people regarding the harm of electromagnetic radiation on the human body;

5. to interview the shop doctor of the railway hospital on this topic;

6. inform school students about the dangers of electromagnetic radiation.

Research methods:

analysis and synthesis;

Questioning;

· interviewing;

· social poll.

Expected results:

· release of the booklet "Amazing facts about electromagnetic radiation";

· to hold a round table "Electromagnetic pollution of the environment" at the school;

· Increasing the level of information literacy.

2. A few words about electromagnetic radiation.

The English scientist James Maxwell, based on a study of Faraday's experimental work on electricity, hypothesized the existence in nature of special waves that can propagate in a vacuum. Maxwell called these waves electromagnetic waves. According to Maxwell's ideas: with any change in the electric field, a vortex magnetic field arises and, conversely, with any change in the magnetic field, a vortex electric field arises. Once begun, the process of mutual generation of magnetic and electric fields must continue continuously and capture more and more new areas in the surrounding space. Electric and magnetic fields can exist not only in matter, but also in vacuum. Therefore, it should be possible to propagate electromagnetic waves in a vacuum. The physicist Heinrich Hertz was the first to experimentally obtain electromagnetic waves. The simplest electromagnetic waves are waves in which the electric and magnetic fields make synchronous harmonic oscillations.

External electromagnetic radiation has a negative impact not only on the human body, but also on the entire world around it. To date, the program of the World Health Organization "Electromagnetic fields and human health" has been approved and is being implemented. Close attention is paid to this problem all over the world, because when the space around a person is saturated with electromagnetic signals, the body experiences discomfort, leading to a decrease in immunity.

So, the topic of the study was the study of the negative impact of electromagnetic radiation on the human body.

I decided to compile a questionnaire and conduct a survey in order to determine people's awareness of the harm of electromagnetic radiation on the human body. 78 people participated in the survey. As a result of the analysis of the survey results, it was revealed:

1. They know about the dangers of electromagnetic radiation and try to reduce its negative effects by virtue of their knowledge - 75% of respondents

2. They believe that electromagnetic radiation causes harm, but it is insignificant for their health - 18% of respondents

3. Did not think about this problem - 7% of respondents

4. They believe that the cardiovascular system and the brain are most affected by electromagnetic waves - 71% of respondents

5. They believe that the nervous system is most affected by electromagnetic waves - 21% of respondents

6. It is believed that the reproductive system, eyes, hearing organs are most affected by electromagnetic waves - 8% of respondents

7. Know elementary methods of protection against harmful radiation of electromagnetic waves - 36%

8. Possess incorrect knowledge in terms of protection against the negative effects of electromagnetic radiation - 64%

I came to the conclusion that people need more information on this issue.

3. The harmful effects of electromagnetic radiation on the human body.

Today, scientists from many civilized countries, including Russia, have come to the conclusion that the magnetic component of the electromagnetic field that exceeds 0.2 microtesla (µT) is harmful to human health. But let's see what magnitudes of this tension a person has to face on a daily basis at the household level?

Take, for example, urban and intercity transport. So, the average value of the field electromagnetic intensity in suburban electric trains is 20, and in trams and trolleybuses - 30 μT. These indicators are even higher on the platforms of metro stations - up to 50-100 μT. And at all a real hell is a trip in the cars of the city subway, where the intensity of the EMF rolls over 150-200 μT. This exceeds the permissible level of exposure by more than 1000 times! Should we be surprised at the rapid fatigue, irritability, susceptibility to various diseases of people who are forced to use electric transport every day?!

My home is my castle! This phrase, born in England, could be uttered by a person who closed the door behind him. Now this is far from the case! Each more or less electrified box considers it its duty to release into the atmosphere some kind of product that affects our body. All our favorite household appliances - electric stoves, washing machines, vacuum cleaners, kettles, irons, mixers, coffee makers (even electrical wiring and power lines) - create an electromagnetic field. It cannot be seen, heard, smelled, tasted or touched. However, you can study it and protect yourself from its radiations. How dangerous are electromagnetic waves really? And isn't it better to throw your favorite computer out the window?

Many people, unfortunately, are not even aware of the serious danger posed by working electrical household appliances. Take, for example, an ordinary kitchen stove. The hostess is usually located near her front panel. The magnitude of the electromagnetic field strength at the plate (within 20-30 cm) is 1-3 μT. Can you imagine the risk to the health of housewives who have to cook food for their families every day?! Unexpectedly small are the indicators of the field electromagnetic intensity generated by electric kettles - only 2.6 μT, for irons - about 0.2 μT.

Of course, no one disputes that the carriers of electromagnetic radiation provide us with both working and domestic comfort. It is hard to imagine our life without planes, trains and subways, televisions and computers, washing machines, cell phones and much more. But for all these technical conveniences, a person, unfortunately, has to pay with his own health.

So, man, like animals and plants - all living things - is subject to the influence of electromagnetism. It can be both harmful and beneficial. Physicians and scientists have long been exploring ways to weaken the former and strengthen the latter. For a better understanding of how EMR affects the human body, we decided to go to the Zheleznodorozhny Clinical Hospital for a consultation with a first-category shop physician Shiryaeva Svetlana Yuryevna. Electric train drivers and assistant drivers are assigned to Svetlana Yuryevna's section. In a conversation with the doctor, we learned a lot of interesting and informative. It turns out that depending on the intensity and duration of exposure to electromagnetic radiation, acute and chronic forms of damage to the body are distinguished.

Most often, patients complain of general weakness, fatigue, a feeling of weakness, decreased performance, sleep disturbance, irritability, sweating, headache of indeterminate localization, dizziness, weakness. Some are concerned about pain in the region of the heart, sometimes of a compressive nature with irradiation to the left arm and shoulder blade, shortness of breath. Painful phenomena in the region of the heart are more often felt by the end of the working day, after nervous or physical stress. Individuals may complain of darkening of the eyes, weakening of memory, inability to concentrate and engage in mental work.

· Unplug non-operating appliances from the mains to reduce “electromagnetic pollution”. This also applies to mobile phones. Do not talk for more than 3-4 minutes, use SMS more often, and also wear the device in a case that shields electromagnetic waves. At home it is better to use cable.

· Do not move the bed close to the wall, which may contain reinforced concrete structures with electromagnetic properties. The minimum distance between the wall and the bed should be 10 cm.

· When purchasing another household appliance, remember: the lower the power, the lower the level of its EMF, that is, harmfulness.

· Buy an air ionizer - it removes the effects of electrostatic fields.

· When you make repairs, replace the usual wiring with shielded and use paints and wallpaper with shielding properties.

· Do not use cell phones for pregnant women, starting from the moment of establishing the fact of pregnancy and during the entire period of pregnancy, for children.

For schoolchildren, the duration of continuous lessons on the computer should not exceed: 1st grade - 10 minutes, 2nd-5th grades - 15 minutes, 6th-7th grades - 20 minutes, 8th-9th grades - 25 minutes, 10th-11th grades - in the first hour training sessions - 30 minutes, on the second - 20 minutes.

Conclusion.

In my work, I tried to show the importance, significance and relevance of studying the influence of electromagnetic radiation on a person, in particular household items, human household items, as well as the need to study this mysterious factor on the functioning of the human body. Mankind stepped into a new era - the era of high technology and machines. But until we know what other secrets lie in the phenomena we cannot see, we will not be able to guarantee our safety.

The practical significance of this work lies in the fact that this material can be used in physics lessons, class hours, elective courses in physics, as well as at parent-teacher meetings in order to inform the population.

Bibliography:

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2. Grigoriev V.I., Myakishev G.Ya. Entertaining physics. - M.: Bustard, 1996. - 205 p.
3. Leonovich A.A. I know the world. - M.: AST, 1999. - 478 p.
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