Neomycin passes through the membrane of bacterial cells, binds to specific receptor proteins on the 30S subunit of ribosomes. Neomycin disrupts the synthesis of the matrix and transfer RNA complex and stops the formation of proteins (has a bacteriostatic effect). When using higher concentrations (more by 1 - 2 orders of magnitude), neomycin has a damaging effect on the cytoplasmic membranes of microbial cells with a rapid further death of the microorganism (bactericidal effect). Neomycin is active against several gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus spp., Shigella spp., Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Proteus spp., Bacillus anthracis. Resistance to neomycin in microorganisms develops slowly. Neomycin does not affect pathogenic fungi, anaerobic microflora, viruses.

After oral administration, neomycin is poorly absorbed (3%) and acts almost exclusively on the intestinal microflora. When neomycin is applied to small areas of intact skin, systemic absorption is minimal, but if the drug is applied to damaged areas of the skin, a large surface or areas of skin covered with granulations, neomycin is rapidly absorbed. The maximum concentration when taken orally is reached within 0.5 - 1.5 hours. Neomycin binds to plasma proteins up to 10%. Poorly penetrates the bones, central nervous system, muscles, breast milk, adipose tissue and bile. Neomycin crosses the placental barrier. Not metabolized. The half-life of neomycin is 2 to 4 hours. The unabsorbed drug is excreted in the faeces, the absorbed drug is excreted by the kidneys. In violation of the functional state of the kidneys, the accumulation of neomycin in the blood plasma is possible. When administered intramuscularly, neomycin is absorbed completely and quickly.
Since neomycin is almost not absorbed after oral administration, it was previously used in the treatment of pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract (enterocolitis, enteritis, dysentery), for preoperative preparation for surgical interventions on the digestive tract (for partial sanitation of the intestine).

With hepatic coma, prolonged inhibition of the intestinal flora is possible after taking neomycin at a dose of 1 g every 6 to 8 hours, which, together with the restriction of protein intake, helps to reduce ammonia intoxication. Neomycin inhibits the reabsorption of bile acids and cholesterol, causes a moderate decrease in the content of low density lipoproteins, but neomycin does not affect the content of triglycerides. In ophthalmology, it can be used for local treatment of eye pathologies (for example, conjunctivitis), by instilling a solution of neomycin (33 mg / ml) into the conjunctival sac.

Indications

Infectious and inflammatory pathology of the skin, which is caused by susceptible microorganisms, including furunculosis, pyoderma, contagious impetigo, infected eczema, infected wounds, infected ulcers, infected frostbite and burns of 1 and 2 degrees.

Method of application of neomycin and dose

Neomycin is used topically: applied 1 to 3 times a day on the affected skin.
Neomycin is currently of limited use due to high toxicity (nephro-, neuro- and ototoxicity. The method and frequency of local use depend on the dosage form and the concentration of neomycin in it. Prolonged use of neomycin should be avoided due to increased cross-sensitivity to other aminoglycosides and the risk of developing skin sensitization.

Contraindications for use

Hypersensitivity (including to other aminoglycosides); for external use: a large area of ​​damage, violation of the integrity of the skin, trophic ulcers, weeping at the site of application, sharing with other nephro- and ototoxic drugs, children's age.

Application restrictions

If necessary, use on large areas of the skin (there is a risk of ototoxicity, especially in elderly patients, children and patients with impaired renal function) - myasthenia gravis, damage to the 8th pair of cranial nerves, parkinsonism syndrome, dehydration, botulism, renal failure, chest feeding, pregnancy.

Use during pregnancy and lactation

During pregnancy, neomycin can be used only for health reasons. With systemic absorption, neomycin can have a nephro- and ototoxic effect on the fetus. It is not known whether neomycin is excreted in breast milk.

side effects of neomycin

Allergic reactions: contact dermatitis (rash, itching, hyperemia, skin irritation, swelling);
when neomycin is absorbed from a large surface, a systemic effect is possible: digestive system: nausea, increased activity of liver transaminases, vomiting, hyperbilirubinemia, stomatitis, hypersalivation;
blood and circulatory system: increase or decrease in blood pressure, leukopenia, anemia, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, reticulocytopenia;
nervous system and sense organs: neurotoxicity (paresthesia, muscle twitching, epileptic seizures, numbness), drowsiness, headache, neuromuscular blockade (weakness, difficulty breathing), ototoxicity (hearing loss, stuffy or tinnitus), labyrinthine and vestibular disorders (unsteadiness and instability of gait, nausea, dizziness, vomiting), irreversible deafness;
urinary system: nephrotoxicity - an increase or decrease in the frequency of urination, polyuria or oliguria, thirst, the appearance of sediment in the urine, an increase in plasma creatinine and urea, proteinuria;
allergic reactions: itching, skin rash, fever, eosinophilia, angioedema;
others: hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, hyperthermia, weight loss, development of superinfection.

Interaction of neomycin with other substances

With systemic absorption, neomycin can potentiate the effects of indirect anticoagulants (by reducing the formation of vitamin K by the intestinal flora), reduce the effects of fluorouracil, cardiac glycosides, methotrexate, vitamins B12 and A, phenoxymethylpenicillin, oral contraceptives, chenodeoxycholic acid (increases cholesterol excretion in bile). Neomycin is incompatible with kanamycin, streptomycin, monomycin, viomycin, gentamicin and other nephro- and ototoxic antibiotics (the likelihood of developing toxic complications increases). Drugs that block neuromuscular transmission, nephro- and ototoxic agents (including capreomycin or other aminoglycosides), inhaled general anesthetics (including halogenated hydrocarbons), citrate preservatives, polymyxins, when transfusing large amounts of banked blood, increase the likelihood of neuromuscular blockade transmission, as well as nephro- and ototoxic effects.

Overdose

With an overdose of neomycin, neuromuscular conduction decreases (respiratory arrest is possible). Necessary: ​​adults are administered intravenous anticholinesterase drugs (prozerin), calcium preparations (calcium gluconate 10% 5-10 ml, calcium chloride 10% 5-10 ml); before the introduction of proserin, at the beginning, 0.5-0.7 mg of atropine is administered intravenously, 1.5-2 minutes after the increase in heart rate, 3 ml of a 0.05% solution (1.5 mg) of proserin is administered intravenously, with an insufficient effect of this dose, repeat the same dose of prozerin is administered (with the development of bradycardia, an injection of atropine is additionally given); children are given calcium preparations; with respiratory depression - artificial ventilation of the lungs; neomycin can be eliminated by hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis (less effective than hemodialysis).

Trade names of drugs with the active ingredient neomycin

Combined drugs:
Bacitracin + Neomycin: Baneocin®;
Bacitracin + Neomycin + Polymyxin B: Triasept;
Hydrocortisone + Natamycin + Neomycin: Pimafucort®;
Dexamethasone + Neomycin: Dexon;
Dexamethasone + Neomycin + Polymyxin B: Maxitrol, Polydex;
Dexamethasone + Neomycin + Polymyxin B + Phenylephrine: Polydex with phenylephrine;
Clostebol + Neomycin: Trofodermin®;
Lidocaine + Neomycin + Polymyxin B: Anauran;
Neomycin + Nystatin + Polymyxin B: Polygynax, Polygynax Virgo;
Neomycin + Fluocinolone acetonide: Flucort N, Flucinar® N,
Neomycin + Fluocinolone acetonide + Lidocaine: Nefluan;
Betamethasone + Neomycin: Betnovate®-N;
Ornidazole + Neomycin + Prednisolone + Econazole: Elzhina®.

Billions of bacteria live in the human body, but not all of them have a positive effect on well-being.

Some microorganisms are causative agents of diseases that are dangerous not only for health, but sometimes for life.

To combat such diseases, antibiotics are used - drugs that inhibit the growth of certain bacteria and cause their death.

Neomycin, which has antibacterial and bactericidal effects, is one of these medicines. To buy this antibiotic in a pharmacy, you need a doctor's prescription.

pharmachologic effect

The drug has a broad spectrum bactericidal and antibacterial action.

It is able to penetrate the cell membrane of bacteria, disrupt the formation of a complex of matrix and transfer RNA, and stop protein synthesis. Higher concentrations damage the cytoplasmic membranes of the microbial cell and lead to its death (bactericidal effect).

Shows activity against some gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Salmonella spp., Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., Bacillus anthracis, Proteus spp. Bacterial drug resistance develops slowly. It does not affect pathogenic viruses, fungi, anaerobic microflora.

When taken orally, it is poorly absorbed, has a local effect on the intestinal microflora. When applied to a large surface, damaged or covered with granulation tissue, the skin is rapidly absorbed, however, when applied to small areas of intact skin, systemic absorption is minimal. Cmax is achieved after 30-90 minutes. after oral administration. Neomycin binds to plasma proteins up to 10%. In the central nervous system, muscles, breast milk, bones, adipose tissue and bile penetrate poorly.

Passes through the placental barrier. Does not undergo metabolism. The half-life varies from 2 to 4 hours. Unabsorbed neomycin is excreted during defecation, and absorbed neomycin is excreted by the kidneys. In case of impaired renal function, accumulation of the substance in the blood serum is possible. When administered intramuscularly, it is absorbed completely and quickly.

Since the substance is practically not absorbed when administered orally, neomycin was used to treat diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (enteritis, dysentery, enterocolitis), in preparation for operations on the digestive tract (for partial sanitation of the intestine).

It can be used for local treatment of ophthalmic diseases (including conjunctivitis). To do this, neomycin solution is instilled into the conjunctival sac.

The substance inhibits the reabsorption of bile acids and cholesterol, has no effect on the level of triglycerides, moderately reduces the level of LDL (reduces hyperlipidemia).

Indications for use

It is used to treat infectious and inflammatory skin diseases caused by sensitive microflora, incl. contagious impetigo, furunculosis, infected eczema, pyoderma, infected wounds, infected ulcers, infected burns, second and first degree frostbite.

Mode of application

Neomycin tablets are taken by mouth. A single dose for adults is 100-200 mg, and a daily dose is 0.4 g. For preschool and infant children, the drug is given twice a day at 4 mg / kg.

The duration of treatment varies from five to seven days. In preoperative preparation, Neomycin is prescribed for one to two days.

As for the ointment, it is used for external use. It is applied one to three times a day to the affected areas of the skin.

For 0.5% ointment, the maximum single dose is 25-50 g, and for a 2% ointment, from 5 to 10 grams; daily - from 50 to 100 and from 10 to 20 grams, respectively.

If desired, after applying the ointment, a gauze bandage can be applied to the skin.

Release form, composition

Neomycin is available in the form of an ointment for external use and tablets.

The active ingredient of the drug is the substance neomycin.

Interaction with other drugs

Incompatible with kanamycin, gentamicin, streptomycin, monomycin, viomycin and other nephrotoxic antibiotics. Joint use is fraught with the development of toxic complications.

Drugs that block neuromuscular transmission, as well as oto- and nephrotoxic drugs, including capreomycin or other aminoglycosides, citrate preservatives, inhaled general anesthetics (including halogenated hydrocarbons), polymyxins, when transfusing large amounts of canned blood, increase the risk of developing nephro-, ototoxic effects blockade of neuromuscular transmission.

With systemic absorption, it can reduce the effect of fluorouracil, phenoxymethylpenicillin, chenodeoxycholic acid, oral contraceptives, cardiac glycosides, methotrexate, vitamins B12 and A, and also enhance the effect of indirect anticoagulants.

Side effects

Allergic reactions: contact dermatitis (rash, swelling, itching, skin irritation, hyperemia), systemic action is possible when absorbed from large surfaces.

Systemic reactions

Overdose

It is characterized by a decrease in neuromuscular conduction (respiratory arrest). In adult patients, the symptom is eliminated by intravenous administration of anticholinesterase drugs (Prozerin) and calcium preparations. The introduction of Prozerin is preceded by intravenous administration of atropine at a dose of 0.5 to 0.7 mg.

One and a half to two minutes after the pulse quickens, 1.5 mg of Prozerin is administered intravenously. In the absence of the desired effect, the same dose of Prozerin is re-introduced (if the patient develops bradycardia, an additional injection of atropine is made). As for children, they are given calcium preparations.

If there is respiratory depression (in severe cases) - IVL. The drug can be excreted by peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis (more effective).

Contraindications

Neomycin is not prescribed for hypersensitivity, including hypersensitivity to other aminoglycosides.

Application restrictions

If there is a need to use on large areas of the skin (ototoxicity is possible, especially in people with impaired renal function, elderly patients and children) - myasthenia gravis, botulism, renal failure, breastfeeding, damage to the VIII pair of cranial nerves, parkinsonism syndrome, dehydration, pregnancy.

During pregnancy

Use in pregnant women is allowed, but only for health reasons. The drug with systemic absorption is able to have a nephro- and ototoxic effect on the fetus.

There is no information on whether the substance passes into breast milk.

Terms and conditions of storage

At room temperature in dry places. Neomycin sulfate solutions must be prepared before use.

Price

Approximate cost of Neomycin in Russia is 300 rubles.

Located in Ukraine pharmacies do not sell Neomycin.

Analogues

The substance neomycin is contained in the composition of Neomycin sulfate tablets. In addition, neomycin in combination with other active ingredients is found in the preparations: Polygynax, Polydex, Pimafucort, Flucinar N, Triasept, Polydex with phenylephrine, Anauran, Elzhina, Flucort N, Nefluan, Polygynax Virgo, Baneocin (Bacitracin and neomycin), Dexon, Maxitrol, Trophodermin, Betnovate.

How should the drug "Neomycin" be used? Instructions for using this tool will be presented below. Also in the materials of this article you can find information about the cases in which this medication is prescribed to patients, whether it has side effects and contraindications.

Composition, description and form of release of the drug

Do you know the form in which Neomycin is produced? The instructions for use contain information that the medication in question can be purchased in the form of an aerosol for external use, as well as in the form of tablets. However, the latter form is currently used mainly in veterinary medicine.

The drug enters pharmacies in the form of a homogeneous white or almost white suspension with a characteristic odor. Its active element is neomycin sulfate. Also, the drug includes in its composition such additional substances as sorbitan trioleate, isopropyl myristate, lecithin and propellant.

Medication packaging

The drug "Neomycin sulfate" is contained in aerosol cans. For convenient use, the container was equipped with a valve and a special spray device.

Pharmacodynamics

What pharmacological properties does the drug "Neomycin" have? Instructions for use states that it is an aminoglycoside agent. After its use in the human body, protein synthesis is disrupted. As a result of such exposure, the formation of a complex of matrix and transfer RNA is suppressed.

At lower concentrations, the drug is able to have a bacteriostatic effect. This happens due to a violation of protein synthesis in microbial cells. As for high concentrations, the drug acts as a bactericidal agent.

The resistance of microorganisms to the drug in question develops very slowly and to a small extent.

Aerosol for external use quite effectively suppresses the development of bacteria in the foci of inflammation of the skin. In addition, this drug has a cooling and drying effect.

Pharmacokinetic properties

Is there an absorption of the external preparation "Neomycin"? Instructions for use informs that after applying the medication to an intact skin surface, it acts only locally and is practically not absorbed into the bloodstream. If you spray an aerosol over a damaged area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe skin, the drug can be absorbed into the blood, and then have a systemic effect.

Indications

When should the local antibiotic "Neomycin sulfate" be prescribed? Price, description, reviews, indications and methods of using this tool will be presented in this article.

So, according to the attached instructions, the medication in question is prescribed for the following pathologies:

Contraindications

Do you know in which cases Neomycin aerosol should not be used? The description of the drug and its instructions contain information about the following contraindications for use:

• childhood;
• hypersensitivity to neomycin, as well as other substances that are part of the drug;
• violation of the integrity of the skin, weeping at the site of application of the agent, a large area of ​​​​damage, trophic ulcers;
• simultaneous use with other nephro- and ototoxic drugs.

Aerosol "Neomycin": instructions for use

The price of the considered means is not very high. That is why most patients among many other medicines choose this drug. It should only be used externally. Shake the aerosol can vigorously several times before each application.

The affected areas of the skin are irrigated with the drug for 3-6 seconds. In this case, the bottle should be kept only in an upright position at a distance of approximately 15-17 centimeters from the surface of the body.

The described procedure is carried out three times a day at regular intervals. As a rule, the drug is used for 7-10 days.

Overdose

What overdose symptoms can occur if Neomycin sulfate aerosol is used incorrectly? Experts talk about the following signs: itching, flushing, rash, nephrotoxicity, edema and ototoxicity.

In case of an overdose, the use of the medication should be discontinued. Symptomatic therapy is also required.

drug interaction

With what drugs is it not recommended to use a medication such as "Neomycin sulfate" at the same time? Instructions for use of the aerosol inform patients that its active substance may be toxic against the background of the use of nephrotoxic and ototoxic agents (including when used simultaneously with ethacrynic acid, Gentamicin and Colistin). Therefore, in order to avoid possible interactions with neomycin, it is recommended to use other medicines only after consulting a doctor.

Lactation and gestation period

Is it possible for pregnant women to use the agent in question for external use? During gestation, the Neomycin aerosol can be sprayed onto intact skin only after an objective assessment of the ratio of benefit to the mother and risk to the baby.

If it is necessary to use during breastfeeding, then experts recommend immediately stopping lactation.

Side effects

As a rule, the external drug "Neomycin" is very well tolerated by patients. However, there are also cases when the medication in question causes the following allergic reactions: hyperemia, itching, swelling and rash. Moreover, prolonged use of the drug can easily cause contact allergies.

With the aggravation of the described side effects, as well as the occurrence of other reactions of the body that are not indicated in the instructions, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Special instructions for the use of aerosol

Before prescribing the topical drug in question to the patient, the patient should be informed about the features of the bactericidal agent.

Avoid contact of the drug with and protect the eyes from exposure to aerosol. In case of contact with the mucous membranes or in the eyes, they must be thoroughly rinsed with cool water.

Do not apply the product to large areas of the skin, especially to its damaged areas. It is forbidden to apply Neomycin soaked in the drug because of the possible absorption of the active substance into the blood and the appearance of undesirable effects.

In case of irritation of the skin at the site of application, stop using the drug.

Long-term use of the drug can lead to the growth of resistant strains of fungi and bacteria.

The contents of the aerosol can are under. Therefore, it must not be heated, struck or opened. The empty container should be discarded. The medication is highly flammable. In this regard, it should not be sprayed near fire and active heating devices.

The drug "Neomycin": reviews, analogues and cost

How much does a 16 gram aerosol can of Neomycin cost? In a pharmacy it can be purchased for 290 Russian rubles. If it is not possible to use a local remedy, it can be replaced with other forms of antibiotic preparations. These drugs include the following: Amikacin, Toby Podhaler, Amikacin-Vial, Amikabol, Amikacin-Ferein, Amikan, Bramitob, Florimycin sulfate, Brulamycin, Tobramycin -Gobbi", "Vero-Netilmicin", "Tobramycin", "Gentamicin", "Tobi", "Gentamicin-K", "Sizomycin sulfate", "Gentamicin-Ferein", "Sizomycin sulfate", "Kanamycin", "Selemycin ”, “Kanamycin-KMP”, “Netromycin”, “Kanamycin monosulfate” and others.

As for the reviews, most patients note the high efficiency of the Neomycin aerosol. According to them, this drug quickly treats infected burns and frostbite, as well as other diseases (inflammatory and infectious) of the skin.

However, there is also such a category of patients who claims that the agent in question causes unpleasant phenomena in the form of itching, swelling and rash at the site of application. In this case, doctors recommend stopping the use of the aerosol.

Neomycin is an antibacterial drug with antifungal activity. Released in the form of an ointment (2% and 5%), powder and tablets (100 and 250 mg).

Pharmacological action of Neomycin

According to the instructions, Neomycin has a wide spectrum of action against gram-negative and gram-positive microbes. The drug is active against Salmonella, Escherichia, Shigella, dysentery and anthrax, Proteus, meningococci, pneumococci, enterococci, streptococci and staphylococci.

The action of Neomycin sulfate does not apply to anaerobic bacteria, pathogenic fungi and viruses.

Neomycin is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. It is excreted from the body unchanged through the intestines. With cirrhosis of the liver and inflammation or damage to the intestinal mucosa, absorption increases.

The drug has low toxicity and has the ability to penetrate into the cerebrospinal fluid.

Indications for use Neomycin

Neomycin sulfate in the form of tablets is prescribed for the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (including enteritis caused by microorganisms resistant to other antibacterial agents), as well as before operations on the organs of the digestive tract.

Method of application and dosage

Neomycin is taken orally as a solution or tablets. A single dose for adults is 100-200 mg, daily - no more than 400 mg. For infants and preschool children, the dose of the drug is prescribed at the rate of 4 mg per 1 kg of the child's weight. Multiplicity of reception - 2 times a day. The duration of therapy is 1 week.

For infants, an antibiotic solution is prepared, 1 ml of which contains 4 mg of Neomycin. The dose of the drug should be proportional to the body weight of the child.

To prepare the patient for surgery, the drug should be taken for 2 days.

Neomycin solution and ointment are applied externally. The solution is prepared in pure distilled water (5 ml of powder per 1 ml of water). A single dose of the applied agent should not exceed 30 ml, and a daily dose should not exceed 50-100 ml. The ointment must be applied to the affected areas of the skin 1-4 times a day. The duration of the course is 3-5 days.

side effects of neomycin

When administered orally, Neomycin sulfate may cause nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, skin rash, itching, urticaria, and edema.

Prolonged use of the drug can lead to the development of candidiasis.

Neomycin has a damaging effect on the tissues of the kidneys and organs of hearing.

Contraindications

Do not prescribe Neomycin to people with diseases of the auditory nerve and kidneys. The simultaneous use of the drug with antibiotics that have nephrotoxic and toxic effects is contraindicated.

Neomycin should not be taken by women during pregnancy and lactation.

Overdose

In case of an overdose of Neomycin, a decrease in neuromuscular conduction occurs, accompanied by respiratory arrest.

Additional Information

Cancellation of the drug is required when tinnitus, protein in the urine and allergic reactions appear during Neomycin therapy.

The instructions for Neomycin indicate that the drug should be stored in a cool place, protected from direct sunlight.

From drugstores it is released under the prescription of the doctor.

Shelf life - 2 years.

The bactericidal antibiotic Neomycin ® , belonging to the second generation of aminoglycosides, has a significant difference from other drugs of the group. It is the only one used for oral administration in the form of tablets. At the same time, it also has other dosage forms that are prescribed for the treatment of superficial infections, which is associated with the peculiarities of its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.

Before using the drug, you must definitely familiarize yourself with the list of indications, restrictions and other characteristics so that antibiotic therapy does not harm the body.

A characteristic feature of all aminoglycosides is a high toxicity to the hearing organs and kidneys. This effect is due to the ability of antibiotics to accumulate in the renal cortex and the fluid of the inner ear. And in Neomycin ® this action is especially pronounced, which requires constant medical monitoring of the state of the relevant organs and completely excludes self-treatment.

Recipe Neomycin ® in Latin

Looks like this:
Rp.: Neomycinum 0.1
D.t.d. No. 10.
S. Intramuscularly twice a day.

Composition and antimicrobial activity

The active substance is a composition of several varieties of this neomycin antibiotic (A, B and C), which are produced by the actinomycete Streptomyces fradiae.

Aminoglycoside antibiotics are the second open group after penicillins, which today has three generations of ABPs. The first of these was obtained back in 1944, and it was then used to treat any infections caused by susceptible pathogens. This approach provoked an increase in bacterial resistance to the drug and the need to find more effective means. As a result, several more aminoglycosides were isolated, which today are prescribed only in difficult cases.

Neomycin ® sulfate is active against Staphylococcus spp., pneumococci, Escherichia and diphtheria coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella, Bacillus anthracis and Proteus. Since the drug acts only in the presence of oxygen, it is not advisable to use it against intracellular and anaerobic microorganisms. Pathogenic bacteria are destroyed due to disruption of the structural connection of RNA and blocking of protein synthesis.

Pharmacological group of neomycin ®

Aminoglycosides.

Release form neomycin ®

In pharmacology, it is used in the form of a chemical compound - a salt of sulfuric acid - neomycin sulfate. Represents powdery, well soluble substance of white color in water. The following types of dosage forms are produced from it:

• Tablets containing 0.1 or 0.25 g of antibiotic and additional formative ingredients.
• Spray intended for topical external use, which is a suspension with an amount of antibiotic 11.72 mg per gram. The composition also includes lecithin, sorbitan triopeate, propellant and isopropyl myristate. Produced in aerosol cans with a spray nozzle of 16 or 32 g.
• Neomycin ointment, also used externally, which contains 0.5 or 2% of the active ingredient. The medication is sold in tubes of 15 and 30 grams.
• Neomycin sulfate powder for the preparation of an injection solution. Glass vials with rubber caps contain 0.2 or 0.5 grams of antibiotic.

The active substance is used to produce some other dosage forms (for example, eye drops with dexamethasone or suppositories), but they are sold under other trade names. All of these drugs are described in detail below in the corresponding section.

Indications

The list of diseases that can be treated with this antimicrobial agent is determined by the spectrum of activity and its dosage form.

For tablets

When used internally, the drug is not absorbed through the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract and, accordingly, does not penetrate into the blood. This property allows it to be used for antibiotic therapy of superficial infections of the digestive system. But most often, a tablet dosage form is prescribed for contamination (that is, sterilization) of the gastrointestinal tract before surgery in the relevant area.

For aerosol and ointment

Topical application is the main purpose of Neomycin ® . When applied to the intact epidermis, the antibacterial compound practically does not get under the skin and into the bloodstream. But if the remedy is used to treat damaged areas, then absorption into the blood is also ensured, with a subsequent systemic effect, which is important to consider.

Neomycin sulfate is indicated for the following infections caused by drug-susceptible pathogens:

• burns and frostbite (1 and 2 degrees, infected);
• ulceration with pus formation;
• furunculosis;
• eczema;
• pyoderma;
• impetigo.

For the treatment of abscesses and other purulent lesions without oxygen access to them, the drug is unsuitable.

For powder

Before intramuscular administration, the powdered agent is diluted directly in the vial with sterile saline or novocaine according to the instructions. Injections are prescribed in case of pneumonia, catarrhal infections of the upper respiratory tract, genitourinary organs, meningoencephalitis and some other diseases.

Dosages of Neomycin®

Neomycin ® ointment is applied to the affected areas with a thin layer twice a day. The aerosol is used from 1 to 3 times, while before each use the container is vigorously shaken until the components are completely mixed. It is sprayed onto the skin from a distance of no more than 20 cm for three seconds. The average course of antibiotic therapy is a week or two.

Neomycin ® from the group of aminoglycoside antibiotics is the only one used orally. Most often, it is prescribed at the stage of preoperative preparation (when surgical intervention in the abdominal cavity is planned). A 1-2-day course helps to sterilize the intestines and reduce the risk of complications in the postoperative period.

Adults need to drink 0.1 gram of antibiotic four times a day at the same interval. For children, the formula is 4 mg per kilogram of weight, divided by 2 times.

Contraindications

For topical preparations, an absolute contraindication is hypersensitivity to aminoglycosides and auxiliary ingredients of the drug. Those drugs that act systemically are prohibited if the patient has kidney failure, intestinal obstruction, and diseases of the hearing organs. Neomycin ® during pregnancy can be used solely for health reasons, given the possible teratogenic effects (damage to the auditory nerves and urinary system of the fetus). Breastfeeding should be temporarily stopped if this drug is prescribed.

Side effect

There may be such negative reactions from the digestive organs as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. If there are hearing impairments (tinnitus) or excretory function of the kidneys, the medicine is canceled. Allergic reactions, photodermatosis, dysbacteriosis and candidiasis are also likely.

Neomycin ® during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Given the high toxicity of neomycin ® , the drug can be used only for health reasons, in the absence of a safe alternative.

Breastfeeding for the duration of treatment is temporarily stopped.

Compatibility of neomycin ® and alcohol

All aminoglycosides are categorically incompatible with alcoholic beverages. Alcohol leads to a significant increase in the nephrotoxic and ototoxic effects of neomycin ® , and also increases the load on the liver.

Neomycin ® analogues

Foreign and domestic manufacturers offer quite a lot of preparations based on neomycin ® . These include:

• Baneocin ®- powder or ointment for the treatment of infected lesions of the epidermis and the prevention of postoperative complications. manufactured in Switzerland by the pharmaceutical concern Sandoz ® .
• – ear drops containing, in addition to the antibiotic, polymyxin sulfate ® and lidocaine ® . Indicated for otitis, has anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect. Produced in Italy.
• Polygynax ®– suppositories for local intravaginal application with neomycin ® , polymyxin B ® and nystatin ® . The last component has a preventive effect against yeast-like fungi.
• - another vaginal suppositories for the treatment of vaginitis and other infections, which, in addition to the antimicrobial agent, include the antifungal nystatin ® and the antihistamine prednisolone. Like the previous drug, it is produced in France.
• – nasal spray with neomycin ® and phenylephrine ® . It affects the disease in a complex way, fighting its cause and reducing the symptoms of the common cold due to the vasoconstrictor effect.
• Neomycin with Dexamethasone ®- eye drops, often prescribed by ophthalmologists in case of conjunctivitis and other superficial infections of the organs of vision.

There are other drugs produced by pharmaceutical companies in different countries, which can replace Neomycin ® . But it is categorically impossible to do this on your own, since all the specific features of the drugs and the patient himself must be taken into account. In addition, only in the conditions of a medical institution it is possible to determine the specific causative agent of the disease and prescribe adequate treatment.