1. up to 1-2 minutes
2. up to 4-5 minutes
3. up to 3-6 minutes
4. more than 5 minutes

29. Intravenous administration of which drugs is indicated when a patient develops anaphylactic shock:

1. prednisone
2. adrenaline
3. euphyllina
4. baralgina

30. In case of cardiac arrest, everything is indicated except:

1. intracardial administration of adrenaline, calcium chloride, atropine
2. tracheostomy
3. indirect cardiac massage

31. Before the doctor arrives, a patient with gastrointestinal bleeding needs to:

1. give a cleansing enema

2. put a hot heating pad on your stomach

3. place an ice pack on the epigastrium

32. To lavage the stomach, it is necessary to prepare clean water at a temperature of:

1. 12 degrees C
2. 18-20 degrees C
3. 24-36 degrees C

33. What medications may cause allergic reactions in a patient:

1. lidocine
2. dicaine
3. trimecaine
4. saline

34. Emergency care for convulsive syndrome:

1. seduxen
2. korglykon
3. cardamine
4. suprastin

35. Emergency care for burns:

1. analgin
2. aseptic dressing
3. drinking plenty of fluids
4. diphenhydramine
5. warmer

36. Emergency care for traumatic shock:

1. anesthesia
2. immobilization
3. stop bleeding
4. seduxen
5. ephedrine

37. Emergency care for poisoning with non-cauterizing poisons:

gastric lavage

enema

laxative

38. Emergency care for hyperthermic syndrome:

1. cold
2. rubbing with alcohol
3. warm
4. cordiamine
5. novocaine
6. analgin

39. Emergency care for nosebleeds:

1. hydrogen peroxide
2. cold
3. seduxen
4. heating pad
5. vitamin C
6. cordiamine

40. For frostbite, first aid consists of:

1. applying a thermal insulating bandage
2. immersion in hot water
3. rubbing with snow and wool
4. applying an oil-balsamic dressing

41. Indirect cardiac massage is performed:

1. at the border of the upper and middle third of the sternum
2. at the border of the middle and lower third of the sternum
3. 1cm above the urinary process

42. Electrical injuries of 1st degree of severity are characterized by:

1. loss of consciousness
2. respiratory and circulatory disorders
3. convulsive muscle contraction
4. clinical death

43. Patients with electrical injuries after assistance:

1. are sent to see a local doctor
2. do not require further examination and treatment
3. hospitalized by ambulance

44. When drowning in cold water, the duration of clinical death:

1. shortens
2. lengthens
3. does not change

45. Application of a heat-insulating bandage to patients with frostbite requires:

1. in the pre-reactive period
2. in the reactive period

46. ​​In the pre-reactive period, frostbite is characterized by:

1. pale skin
2. lack of skin sensitivity
3. skin hyperemia

47. Resuscitation is required to be carried out by:

1. only doctors and nurses of intensive care units
2. all specialists with medical education
3. the entire adult population

48. Resuscitation is indicated:

1. in every case of death of a patient
2. only in case of sudden death of young patients and children
3. in case of suddenly developing terminal conditions

49. Resuscitation is:

1. branch of clinical medicine that studies terminal conditions
2. department of a multidisciplinary hospital
3. practical actions aimed at restoring life activity

50. During indirect cardiac massage, the depth of compression of the sternum in an adult should be:

1. 1-2 cm
2. 2-4 cm
3. 4-5 cm
4. 6-8 cm

51. Emergency care for acute poisoning through the gastrointestinal tract:

1. rinse the stomach 10-12 liters. water, give activated carbon 1 g. inside
2. induce vomiting
3. give a laxative
4. give an enema

52. To carry out muscle relaxation in case of convulsive syndrome, the following are used:

1. calcium chloride, calcium gluconate
2. diazepam, relanium, seduxen
3. adrenaline, cordiamine
4. korglykon, strophanthin

53. Adsorbent used for poisoning:

1. starch solution
2. magnesium sulfate solution
3. Activated carbon

54. Emergency care for severe electrical injury leading to cardiac arrest:

1. release the victim from the current
2. perform mechanical ventilation, precordial stroke, chest compressions
3. adrenaline injection
4. let the ammonia vapor inhale, call an ambulance

55. First aid for sunstroke:

1. Ventilation and indirect cardiac massage
2. move the victim to a cool place, protected from the sun, apply cold to the head
3. subcutaneous injection of cordiamine or caffeine

56. The sequence of providing assistance when squeezing a limb:

1. application of a tourniquet, anesthesia, release of a compressed limb, aseptic dressing, immobilization, external cooling of the limb, infusion
2. aseptic dressing, tourniquet, anesthesia, release of a compressed limb, immobilization, external cooling of the limb, infusion
3. release of a compressed limb, anesthesia, infusion, tourniquet, immobilization
4. immobilization, anesthesia, tourniquet, infusion

57. The result of correct application of a tourniquet during bleeding is:

1. cessation of bleeding, absence of pulse, pale skin
2. decrease bleeding, maintain pulse, increase cyanosis
3. cessation of bleeding, absence of pulse, increase in cyanosis
4. reduction of bleeding, preservation of pulse, pale skin

58. Pre-hospital emergency care for an attack of bronchial asthma:

1. inhalation of berotok or salbutamol (1 dose)
2. oxygen inhalation
3. injection of aminophylline 2.4% - 10.0

59. Emergency care for an angina attack:

1. ensure rest, use sublingual nitroglycerin 0.05 mg, blood pressure control
2. Measure blood pressure, inject baralgin 5 mg
3. Measure blood pressure, inject analgin 50% - 2 ml

60. In case of a hypertensive crisis, to normalize blood pressure, it is necessary to use:

1. intramuscular analgin 50% - 2 ml
2. intravenous baralgin 5 mg
3. intravenous slow dibazol 5 ml
4. capoten - half a tablet (12.5 mg) sublingually

61. The first signs of developing traumatic shock are:

1. sudden paleness of the skin, sticky cold sweat
2. psychomotor agitation, inadequate assessment of one’s condition
3. convulsions, apathy, sweating
4. hyperemia, dry skin, foamy mouth, hallucinations

62. During collapse, the skin:

1. pale, dry, warm

2. pale, damp, cool

3. hyperemic, dry

4. hyperemic, wet

63. With a sudden decrease in circulating blood volume, the following appears:

1. pallor, hypertension, intense pulse, dizziness

2. cyanosis, hypotension, arrhythmia, tachypnea, weakness, loss of consciousness

3. pallor, dizziness, weakness, hypotension, weak pulse, arrhythmia

64. Fainting is:

1. manifestation of vascular insufficiency with preservation of consciousness

2. allergic reaction

3. loss of consciousness with weakening muscle tone

65. Indicators of effective resuscitation are:

1. the appearance of a pulse in the carotid arteries, constriction of the pupils and the appearance of their reaction to light

2. dilated pupils

3. proper cardiac massage

66. Signs of clinical death are:

1. thready pulse, cyanosis, agonal breathing

2. loss of consciousness, thready pulse, cyanosis

3. loss of consciousness, absence of pulse in the carotid arteries, respiratory arrest, dilated pupils

4. loss of consciousness, absence of pulse on the radial artery

67. The sequence of appearance of symptoms during acute circulatory arrest:

1. loss of consciousness, seizures, dilated pupils

2. dilated pupils, the appearance of convulsions, loss of consciousness

3. appearance of convulsions, dilated pupils, blackouts

68. Terminal states are:

1. fainting, collapse, clinical death
2. preagony, agony, clinical death
3. agony, clinical death, biological death

69. The optimal time to provide medical care from the moment of injury:

3. 5-30 minutes

70. Medical assistance is primarily provided to:

1. victims with injuries with increasing disorders of vital functions

2. victims with injuries incompatible with life

3. lightly injured

71. The final stop of bleeding is carried out:

1. applying a tourniquet

2. applying a clamp to the wound

3. ligation of a vessel in the wound

4. by pressing the vessel along

72. A patient with major blood loss is transported:

2. half sitting

3. lying with the head end elevated on a stretcher

4. lying with head down on a stretcher

73. For hemostatic purposes the following is used:

1. himatrypine

2. ethamsylate

3. ceporin

4. calcium chloride

74. An occlusive dressing is used for:

1. venous bleeding

2. open pneumothorax

3. injury to the soft tissues of the head

4. after joint puncture

75. A characteristic symptom for a fracture of the base of the skull is:

1. "points"

2. Kernig

3. Brudzinsky

76. Apply to the burned surface:

1. dry aseptic dressing

2. bandage with a solution of tea soda

3. bandage with syntomycin emulsion

77. Cooling the burn surface with cold water is indicated:

1. in the first minutes after the burn for 10-15 minutes

2. not shown

3. for a second degree burn

78. Mandatory conditions for performing indirect cardiac massage are:

1. presence of a hard surface

2. position of the resuscitator's hands at the border of the middle and lower third of the sternum

3. presence of a cushion under the shoulder blades

4. presence of two resuscitators

79. Pain at the site of a fracture of the pelvic bones intensifies when pressing on:

3. wings of the ilium

80. A concussion is characterized by:

2. retrograde amnesia

3. anterograde amnesia

4. congrade amnesia

81. At stage 1, emergency medical care is provided to victims:

1. ambulance crew

2. emergency first aid team

3. medical and nursing teams

4. specialized medical care teams

Related information.

1) 5 affected

2) more than 10 affected

3) more than 20 affected

4) more than 50 affected

2. The Disaster Medicine Service is:

1) an independent department within state government agencies

2) department of the Ministry of Health

3) a functional link in the State system for the prevention and mitigation of consequences of emergency situations

3. The disaster medicine service units include;

1) emergency medical teams

2) sanitary posts

3) sanitary squads

4) emergency medical teams

5) mobile hospitals

4. I am responsible for the creation, training and equipment of emergency medical care units T

1) MSGO headquarters

2) inter-district centers for disaster medicine

3) city or district administration

4) heads of health care facilities

5. The emergency first aid team consists of:

1) from 1 nurse and 1 orderly

2) from 1 nurse and 2 orderlies

3) of 2-3 nurses, 1 orderly and driver

6. The emergency medical care team consists of (medical and nursing):

1) from 1 doctor, 1 nurse and driver

2) of 2 doctors and 2 nurses

3) from 1 doctor, 2 nurses, 1 orderly and driver

4) from 1 doctor, 1 nurse, 1 orderly and driver

7. The specialized medical care team consists of:

1) from 1 doctor and 2 nurses

2) of 2 doctors, 2 nurses and a driver

3) of 2 doctors, 3 nurses, 1 orderly

8. Medical and evacuation support for those affected in emergency situations is carried out I

1) in two stages

2) in three stages

3) in four stages

4) simultaneously

9. At the first stage, emergency medical care is provided to the victims:

1) ambulance crews

2) emergency first aid teams (EDBT)

3) medical and nursing teams (BEMT)

4) specialized medical care teams

10. Stage 1 includes medical and evacuation measures carried out:

1) at the source of the emergency

2) on the border of the emergency outbreak

3) on the way from the outbreak to the health care facility

4) in stationary health care facilities

5) in outpatient healthcare facilities

11. Stage 2 includes medical and evacuation measures carried out:

1) on the border of the emergency outbreak

2) on the way from the source of the emergency to the health care facility

3) in stationary health care facilities

4) in outpatient healthcare facilities

12. Qualified and specialized medical care is provided:

1) at stage 1

2) at stage 2

3) at stage 3

13. There are phases in the development of emergencies and disasters:

1) occurrence

2) insulation

3) stabilization

4) salvation

5) liquidation of consequences

14. The first priority during the isolation phase is:

1) provision of first aid

2) collection of victims

3) report an emergency to the ambulance service or to the nearest medical institution

4) evacuation of seriously injured

15. Providing medical care in an emergency situation begins with:

1) stopping bleeding

2) resuscitation

3) elimination of respiratory disorders

4) medical triage

16. Types of medical triage:

1) intrapoint

2) diagnostic and treatment

3) evacuation transport

4) surgical

5) sanitary

17. Intra-point sorting is carried out:

1) in the isolation phase

2) in the rescue phase

3) in the aftermath phase

18. With intra-point sorting, it is determined:

1) priority of medical care

2) evacuation order

19. Purpose of evacuation transport sorting:

1) determination of the required number of ambulance transport

2) determining the order of evacuation

3) determination of the destination

20. The affected people assigned to the 1st triage group are evacuated:

1) first of all

2) immediately after anti-shock measures and elimination of respiratory disorders:

3) left in place or evacuated last

21. The period during which the organized provision of medical care must begin. Assistance to emergency victims consists of:

2) 15 minutes

3) 30 minutes

22. The readiness period for emergency medical teams to depart is:

1) 1 minute

2) 4 minutes

3) 10 minutes

4) 15 minutes

5) 30 minutes

23. The readiness period for the departure of emergency medical care units during working hours is:

1) 15 minutes

2) 30 minutes

3) no later than 1 hour

4) no later than 2 hours

24. The readiness period for emergency medical care units to leave during non-working hours is T

1) 15 minutes

2) 30 minutes

4) no later than 2 hours

5) no later than 6 hours

25. The emergency medical care team (medical and nursing) at the 1st stage provides;

1) specialized medical care

3) first medical aid

26. The Emergency Pre-Hospital Medical Aid Team (EDMT) provides:

1) first aid

2) qualified medical care

3) specialized medical care

4) provides only care for victims

27. Terminal states include:

1) pregonal state

4) clinical death

5) biological death

28. Resuscitation is:

1) section of clinical medicine that studies terminal conditions

2) department of a multidisciplinary hospital

3) practical actions aimed at restoring vital functions

29. Resuscitation is required:

1) the entire adult population

2) only doctors and nurses in intensive care units

3) all specialists with medical education

30. Resuscitation indicated:

1) in each case of death of the patient

2) only in case of sudden death of young patients and children

3) with suddenly developed terminal conditions

31. The three main signs of clinical death are:

1) absence of pulse on the radial artery

2) absence of pulse in the carotid artery

3) lack of consciousness

4) lack of breathing

5) pupil dilation

32. The maximum duration of clinical death under normal conditions is:

1) 10 - 15 minutes

2) 5-6 minutes

3) 2-3 minutes

4) 1-2 minutes

33. Artificial head cooling (craniohypothermia):

1) accelerates the onset of biological death

2) slows down the onset of biological death

34. Early symptoms of biological death include:

1) clouding of the cornea

2) rigor mortis

3) cadaveric spots

4) pupil dilation

5) deformation of the pupils

35. Insufflation of air and compression of the chest during resuscitation carried out by one resuscitator are carried out in the following ratio:

36. Insufflation of air and compression of the chest during resuscitation carried out by two resuscitators are carried out in the following ratio:

37. Mandatory conditions for performing indirect cardiac massage are::

1) the presence of a solid base under the chest

2) the presence of two resuscitators

3) position of the hands on the border between the middle and lower part of the sternum

4) positioning of the resuscitator’s hands strictly along the midline of the sternum

5) the presence of a cushion under the shoulder blades

38. Indirect cardiac massage is performed:

1) at the border of the upper and middle third of the sternum

2) at the border of the middle and lower third of the sternum

3) 1 cm above the xiphoid process

39. Chest compression during chest compressions in adults is performed with a frequency;

1) 40-60 per minute

2) 60-80 per minute

3) 80 - 100 per minute

4) 100 - 120 per minute

40. The appearance of a pulse in the carotid artery during chest compressions indicates:

2) about the correctness of cardiac massage

3) about reviving the patient

41. Necessary conditions for performing artificial lung ventilation are::

1) elimination of tongue retraction

2) duct application

3) sufficient volume of blown air

4) cushion under the patient’s shoulder blades

42. Movements of the patient's chest during artificial ventilation indicate:

1) about the effectiveness of resuscitation

2) about the correctness of the performed mechanical ventilation

3) about reviving the patient

43. Signs of the effectiveness of resuscitation are::

1) pulsation on the carotid artery during cardiac massage

2) chest movements during mechanical ventilation

3) reduction of cyanosis

4) constriction of the pupils

5) pupil dilation

44. Effective resuscitation continues:

2) 15 minutes

3) 30 minutes

4) up to 1 hour

45. Ineffective resuscitation continues:

2) 15 minutes

3) 30 minutes

4) up to 1 hour

5) until vital activity is restored

46. Lower jaw advancement:

1) eliminates tongue retraction

3) restores airway patency at the level of the larynx and trachea

47. Air duct introduction:

1) eliminates tongue retraction

2) prevents aspiration of oropharyngeal contents

3) restores the patency of the airways at the level of the larynx.

48. In case of electrical injuries, assistance should begin;

1) with indirect cardiac massage

3) from a precordial stroke

4) from the cessation of exposure to electric current

49. If a patient who has received an electrical injury is unconscious, but there are no visible respiratory or circulatory disorders, the nurse should:

1) make intramuscular cordiamine and caffeine

2) unbutton your clothes

3) place the patient on his side

4) call a doctor

5) start oxygen inhalation

50. Electrical injuries of 1st degree of severity are characterized by:

1) loss of consciousness

2) respiratory and circulatory disorders

3) convulsive muscle contraction

4) clinical death

51. Patients with electrical injuries after assistance;

2) do not require further examination and treatment

3) are hospitalized by ambulance

52. When drowning in cold water, the duration of clinical death:

1) shortens

2) lengthens

3) does not change

53. In the pre-reactive period, frostbite is typical s

1) pale skin

2) lack of skin sensitivity

4) feeling of numbness

5) skin hyperemia

54. The application of a heat-insulating bandage to patients with frostbite is required:

1) in the pre-reactive period

2) in the reactive period

55. Apply to the burned surface:

1) bandage with furacillin

2) bandage with syntomycin emulsion

3) dry sterile dressing

4) bandage with a solution of tea soda

56. Cooling the burned surface with cold water is indicated:

1) In the first minutes after injury

2) only for 1st degree burns

3) not shown

57. A typical attack of angina is characterized by::

1) retrosternal localization of pain

2) duration of pain for 15-20 minutes

3) duration of pain for 3-5 minutes

4) effect of nitroglycerin

5) irradiation of pain

58. The optimal position for a patient during an attack of angina is the position:

3) lying on your back with your legs elevated

4) lying on your back with the leg end down

59. Conditions under which nitroglycerin should be stored:

1) t - 4-6 degrees

2) darkness

3) sealed packaging

60. Contraindications for the use of nitroglycerin are:

1) low blood pressure

2) myocardial infarction

3) acute cerebrovascular accident

4) traumatic brain injuries

5) hypertensive crisis

61. The main symptom of a typical myocardial infarction is;

1) cold sweat and severe weakness

2) bradycardia or tachycardia

3) low blood pressure

4) chest pain lasting more than 20 minutes

62. First aid for a patient with acute myocardial infarction includes the following measures::

1) put the patient to bed

2) give nitroglycerin

3) ensure complete physical rest

4) immediately hospitalize by passing transport

5) if possible, administer painkillers

63. A patient with myocardial infarction in the acute period may develop the following complications:

2) acute heart failure

3) false acute abdomen

4) circulatory arrest

5) reactive pericarditis

64. Atypical forms of myocardial infarction include:

1) abdominal

2) asthmatic

3) cerebral

4) asymptomatic

5) fainting

65. In the abdominal form of myocardial infarction, pain may be felt:

1) in the epigastric region

2) in the right hypochondrium

3) in the left hypochondrium

4) be encircling in nature

5) all over the stomach

66. Cardiogenic shock is characterized by:

1) restless behavior of the patient

2) lethargy, lethargy

3) decrease in blood pressure

4) pallor, cyanosis

5) cold sweat

67. If there is a sudden drop in blood pressure in a patient with myocardial infarction, the nurse should:

1) administer adrenaline intravenously

2) administer strophanthin intravenously

3) inject mezaton intramuscularly

4) administer cordiamine subcutaneously

5) raise the foot end

68. The clinic of cardiac asthma and pulmonary edema develops with:

1) acute right ventricular failure

2) acute left ventricular failure

3) acute vascular insufficiency

4) bronchial asthma

69. Acute circulatory failure can develop in patients:

1) with acute myocardial infarction

2) with hypertensive crisis

3) with chronic circulatory failure

4) with shock

5) after recovering from a state of shock

70. The optimal position for a patient with acute left ventricular failure is the position:

1) lying down with the leg end raised

2) lying on your side

3) sitting or half-sitting.

71. The first priority measure for acute left ventricular failure is:

1) administration of strophanthin intravenously

2) administration of Lasix IM

3) giving nitroglycerin

4) application of venous tourniquets to the limbs

5) blood pressure measurement

72. In a cardiac asthma clinic in a patient with high blood pressure, the nurse should A

1) give the patient a sitting position

2) give nitroglycerin

3) start oxygen inhalation

4) administer strophanthin or corglycon intravenously

5) administer Lasix intramuscularly or give orally

73. Application of venous tourniquets for cardiac asthma is indicated:

1) with low blood pressure

2) with high blood pressure

3) with normal blood pressure

74. When presenting a cardiac asthma clinic to a patient with low blood pressure, the nurse should:

1) apply venous tourniquets to the limbs

2) start oxygen inhalation

3) administer strophanthin intravenously

4) administer Lasix IM

5) administer intravenous prednisolone

75. The characteristic symptoms of an attack of bronchial asthma are:

1) rapid breathing

2) inhalation is much longer than exhalation

3) exhalation is much longer than inhalation

4) pointed facial features, collapsed neck veins

5) puffy face, tense neck veins

76. The comatose state is characterized by:

1) short-term loss of consciousness

2) lack of response to external stimuli

3) maximally dilated pupils

4) prolonged loss of consciousness

5) decreased reflexes

77. Acute respiratory distress in comatose patients can be caused by:

1) depression of the respiratory center

2) retraction of the tongue

3) reflex spasm of the laryngeal muscles

4) aspiration of vomit

78. The optimal position for a patient in a coma is the position:

1) on the back with the head end down

2) on the back with the leg end down

3) on the side

4) on the stomach

79. The patient in a coma is given a stable lateral position with the aim of:

1) prevention of tongue retraction

2) preventing aspiration of vomit

3) shock warning

80. Emergency care for frostbite II degree:

1) Open the bubbles

2) Apply an aseptic dressing

3) Apply a heat-insulating bandage

4) Rub the frostbitten part with snow

81. For a patient with an unknown coma, the nurse should:

1) ensure airway patency

2) start oxygen inhalation

3) administer 20 ml of 40% glucose intravenously

4) administer strophanthin intravenously

5) administer intramuscular cordiamine and caffeine

82. Symptoms characteristic of ketoacidotic coma are::

1) dry skin

2) rare breathing

3) noisy deep breathing

4) the smell of acetone in the exhaled air

5) hard eyeballs

83. The hypoglycemic state is characterized by:

1) lethargy and apathy

2) excitement

3) dry skin

4) sweating

5) increased muscle tone

84. Hypoglycemic coma is characterized by:

1) convulsions

2) dry skin

3) sweating

4) softening of the eyeballs

5) Kuss Maul breathing

85. In a hypoglycemic state, the nurse should:

1) administer s.c. cordiamine

2) administer 20 units of insulin

3) give a sweet drink inside

4) give a saline-alkaline solution inside

86. A hemostatic tourniquet is applied:

1) for venous bleeding

2) for arterial bleeding

3) with capillary bleeding

4) with parenchymal bleeding

87. In the cold season, a hemostatic tourniquet is applied:

1) for 15 minutes

2) for 30 minutes

3) for 1 hour

4) for 2 hours

88. In the warm season, a tourniquet is applied:

1) for 15 minutes

2) for 30 minutes

3) for 1 hour

4) for 2 hours

89. The basis of hemorrhagic shock is:

1) inhibition of the vasomotor center

2) vasodilation

3) decrease in circulating blood volume

90. Treatment for hemorrhagic shock includes:

2) transfusion of blood substitutes

3) administration of cardiac glycosides

4) giving a position with the head end down

5) oxygen inhalation

91. Shock is:

1) acute heart failure

2) acute cardiovascular failure

3) acute disturbance of peripheral circulation

4) acute pulmonary heart failure

92. Shock may be based on:

3) expansion of peripheral vessels

4) inhibition of the vasomotor center

93. The basis of painful (reflex) shock is:

1) spasm of peripheral vessels

2) decrease in circulating blood volume

3) inhibition of the vasomotor center

94. During painful shock, the first to develop is:

1) torpid phase of shock

2) erectile shock phase

95. The erectile shock phase is characterized by:

3) excitement, anxiety

4) pale skin

5) increased heart rate and breathing

96. The torpid phase of shock is characterized by:

2) cold, damp skin

3) low blood pressure

4) pale skin

5) skin cyanosis

97. The optimal position for a patient with shock is:

1) Side position

2) position with raised limbs

3) half-sitting position

98. The three main preventive anti-shock measures in trauma patients are:

1) administration of vasoconstrictor drugs

2) oxygen inhalation

3) pain relief

4) immobilization of fractures

5) stopping external bleeding

99. Absolute signs of bone fractures include:

1) painful swelling in the area of ​​injury

2) pathological mobility

4) shortening or deformation of a limb

5) bone crepitus

100. Relative signs of fractures include:

1) pain in the injury area

2) painful swelling

3) hemorrhage in the area of ​​injury

4) bone crepitus

101. If the bones of the forearm are fractured, a splint is applied:

1) from the tips of the fingers to the upper third of the shoulder

2) from the base of the fingers to the upper third of the shoulder

3) from the wrist joint to the upper third of the shoulder

102. If the humerus is fractured, a splint is applied:

1) from the fingers to the shoulder blade on the sore side

2) from the fingers to the shoulder blade on the healthy side

3) from the wrist joint to the scapula on the healthy side

103. For open fractures, transport immobilization is carried out:

1) first of all

2) secondarily after stopping bleeding

3) thirdly after stopping the bleeding and applying a bandage

104. If the bones of the leg are fractured, a splint is applied:

1) from fingertips to knee

2) from the tips of the fingers to the upper third of the thigh

3) from the ankle to the upper third of the thigh

105. In case of a hip fracture, a splint is applied:

1) from fingertips to hip joint

2) from fingertips to armpit

3) from the lower third of the leg to the armpit

106. When a rib is fractured, the optimal position for the patient is:

1) lying on your healthy side

2) lying on the sore side

3) lying on your back

107. The absolute signs of a penetrating chest injury are:

2) pallor and cyanosis

3) subcutaneous emphysema

4) gaping wound

5) air noise in the wound when inhaling and exhaling

108. Application of an airtight bandage for penetrating chest wounds is carried out:

1) directly on the wound

2) on top of a cotton-gauze napkin

109. For a penetrating abdominal injury with prolapse of internal organs, the nurse should:

1) set prolapsed organs

2) apply a bandage to the wound

3) give a hot drink inside

4) administer an anesthetic

110. For second degree burns, should the affected area be lubricated with grease or ointment?:

111. In case of a traumatic brain injury, the victim must:

1) administration of painkillers

2) emergency hospitalization

3) immobilization of the head during transportation

4) monitoring respiratory and circulatory functions

112. The optimal position for a patient with a traumatic brain injury in the absence of symptoms of shock is:

1) position with the head end down

2) position with the leg end raised

3) position with the foot end lowered

113. For penetrating wounds of the eyeball, a bandage is applied:

1) on the sore eye

2) on both eyes

3) bandaging is not indicated

114. The foreign body in the ear is removed:

1) immediately using a blunt hook

2) ENT doctor

115. In case of amputation injury, a severed segment T

1) washed in furacillin solution and placed in a container with ice

2) wrapped in a sterile dry cloth and placed in a plastic bag, which is placed in a container with ice

3) wrapped in a sterile napkin and placed in a container with ice

116. Long-term compartment syndrome is characterized by:

1) lack of movement in the affected limbs

2) dense swelling of soft tissues

3) pain in the affected limbs

4) cyanosis of the skin distal to the compression line

117. For long-term compartment syndrome, it is necessary O

1) apply a tourniquet at the border of compression and hospitalize

2) apply a pressure bandage to the compressed limb and hospitalize

3) apply a tourniquet, release the limb, apply a tight elastic bandage and remove the tourniquet

118. Damaged parts in case of long-term compartment syndrome must be:

1) warm

2) cool

119. The territory where a toxic substance has been released into the environment and its evaporation into the atmosphere continues is called:

120. The area exposed to toxic vapors is called:

1) a source of chemical contamination

2) zone of chemical contamination

121. :

1) after pain relief using the reflex method

2) after anesthesia with a probe method

3) contraindicated

122. Gastric lavage for poisoning with acids and alkalis is performed:

1) neutralizing solutions

2) water at room temperature

3) warm water

4) cold water

123. The most effective way to remove poison from the stomach:

1) when washing using the reflex method

2) when washing with a probe method

124. For high-quality gastric lavage using the tube method, a minimum of:

1) 1 liter of water

2) 2 liters of water

3) 5 liters of water

4) 10 liters of water

5) 15 liters of water

125. If highly toxic substances come into contact with your skin, you should::

1) wipe the skin with a damp cloth

2) immerse in a container of water

3) wash with running water

126. Patients with acute poisoning are hospitalized:

1) in case of serious condition of the patient

2) in cases where it was not possible to rinse the stomach

3) when the patient is unconscious

4) in all cases of acute poisoning

127. If there is ammonia vapor in the atmosphere, the respiratory tract must be protected:

1) a cotton-gauze bandage moistened with a solution of baking soda

2) a cotton-gauze bandage moistened with a solution of acetic or citric acid

3) a cotton-gauze bandage moistened with a solution of ethyl alcohol

128. If there is ammonia vapor in the atmosphere, you must move:

1) in the upper floors of buildings

2) outside

3) to the lower floors and basements

129. If there is chlorine vapor in the atmosphere, you must move:

1) in the upper floors of buildings

2) outside

3) to the lower floors and basements

130. If there is chlorine vapor in the atmosphere, the respiratory tract must be protected:

1) a cotton-gauze bandage soaked in a solution of baking soda

2) a cotton-gauze bandage soaked in a solution of acetic acid

3) cotton-gauze bandage moistened with boiled water

131. Chlorine and ammonia vapors cause:

1) excitement and euphoria

2) irritation of the upper respiratory tract

3) lacrimation

4) laryngospasm

5) toxic pulmonary edema

132. The clinic of poisoning with organophosphorus compounds is characterized by s

1) dry skin and mucous membranes

2) sweating and drooling

3) tachycardia

4) bradycardia

5) constriction of the pupils

133. The antidote for poisoning with organophosphorus compounds is:

1) magnesium sulfate

2) atropine

3) prozerin

4) sodium thiosulfate

134. In case of severe carbon monoxide poisoning, the first priority action is:

1) administration of bemegride

2) administration of cardiac glycosides

3) artificial ventilation

135. When bitten by a viper, you must:

1) apply a tourniquet

2) suck out the poison

3) make an incision in the skin and squeeze out the blood

4) immobilize the bitten limb

5) hospitalize

136. Removal of victims from the source of chemical contamination must be carried out:

1) sanitary squads

2) honey ambulance personnel

3) rescue personnel

4) honey staff of specialized toxicology teams

137. The maximum time during which anaphylactic shock can develop is:

2) 15 minutes

3) 30 minutes

138. Anaphylactic shock is based on:

1) depression of the central nervous system

2) decrease in circulating blood volume

3) sharp dilatation of blood vessels

139. If a patient develops anaphylactic shock, it is necessary:

1) apply a tourniquet

2) inject adrenaline

3) administer prednisolone

4) administer cardiac glycosides

5) if a terminal condition develops, perform resuscitation

140. A single dose of adrenaline for anaphylactic shock is:

3) 0.25 - 0.5 mg

141. If necessary, the administration of adrenaline for anaphylactic shock is repeated:

1) in 1-2 minutes

2) in 5-10 minutes

3) in 20 minutes

142. Prednisolone for anaphylactic shock is administered in a dose:

3) 90 - 120 mg

143. In what sequence should personal protective equipment be removed after leaving the outbreak??

1) protective suit, then gas mask

2) gas mask, then protective suit

3) doesn't matter

144. If, after repeated administration of adrenaline, the pressure in a patient with anaphylactic shock remains low, it is necessary:

1) administer adrenaline in a dose of 1-2 ml intravenously.

2) administer adrenaline intracardially

3) start an intravenous infusion of polyglucin or perftoran

145. Cardiac glycosides are administered to patients with anaphylactic shock:

1) immediately after adrenaline and prednisolone

2) after stabilization of blood pressure in patients with persistent tachycardia

3) patients with persistent low blood pressure after repeated administration of adrenaline

146. Patients who have suffered anaphylactic shock need:

1) under observation for 1 hour

2) in emergency hospitalization

3) calling a local doctor to your home

147. For Quincke's edema, the first priority action is:

1) injection of adrenaline

2) administration of prednisolone

3) administration of diuretics

148. Acute allergic reactions include:

1) anaphylactic shock

2) urticaria

3) Quincke's edema

4) contact dermatitis

5) attack of suffocation

149. Main symptoms of cardiac arrest:

1) absence of pulse in the periphery

2) absence of pulse in the central vessels

3) constriction of the pupils

4) pupil dilation

150. How often is closed cardiac massage performed in infants?:

1) 30-40 per minute

2) 50-60 per minute

3) 110-120 per minute

151. When performing closed cardiac massage, the deflection of the sternum should be:

152. Methods for temporarily stopping external arterial bleeding include:

1) applying a pressure bandage

4) finger pressing

153. Methods to stop external venous bleeding include::

1) applying a pressure bandage

2) application of a hemostatic tourniquet

3) forced flexion of the limbs

4) finger pressure of the arteries

154. Emergency care for angina pectoris:

1) nitroglycerin

2) bloodletting

3) strophanthin

4) promedol

155. Duration of angina pain:

2) 30-60 min.

156. What needs to be done after reducing a dislocation:

1) apply a pressure bandage

2) administer painkillers

3) carry out immobilization

157. What to do on the "Attention everyone" signal?

1) immediately take refuge in the nearest shelter

2) immediately turn on the radio or television and listen to the message from local authorities

3) immediately put on personal protective equipment

158. Name one of the main tasks of the disaster medicine service in emergency situations:

1) carrying out rescue and other urgent work in the disaster area, searching for victims, providing them with first medical aid, moving them beyond the boundaries of the outbreak

2) provision of first medical aid to victims

3) management of a group of forces and means carrying out rescue operations in the disaster area

159. Name one of the most important principles for organizing the provision of emergency medical care in peacetime emergencies:

1) medical triage as a means of ensuring timely provision of medical care to victims

2) forecasting and assessment of the sanitary and epidemiological situation in the disaster area

3) advance preparation of rescue teams to work in disaster areas

160. The stages of medical evacuation include:

1) routes along which victims are transported at the source of the disaster

2) medical institutions deployed along evacuation routes

161. The degree of danger of victims to others at the stage of medical evacuation is determined by:

1) intra-point sorting

162. A victim at the source of a catastrophe of extremely severe severity, in need of medical assistance for vital reasons, is assigned a sorting mark:

1) red circle

2) yellow hexagon

3) green square

4) white triangle

163. For victims at the source of a disaster of severe and moderate severity, assistance to whom may be delayed due to a shortage of forces and resources, a sorting mark is assigned:

1) red circle

2) yellow hexagon

3) green square

4) white triangle

164. A sorting mark is assigned to the victim at the source of a disaster of mild severity.:

1) red circle

2) yellow hexagon

3) green square

4) white triangle

165. A victim at the source of a disaster with injuries incompatible with life is assigned a sorting mark:

1) red circle

2) yellow hexagon

3) green square

4) white triangle

166. How many types of medical triage are provided in the disaster medicine service??

167. Victims belonging to the group:

1) "evacuation in 1st place"

2) "evacuation in the 2nd stage"

3) "treatment priority"

168. The order of transportation of victims from the source of the disaster to a medical institution is determined by:

1) intra-point sorting

2) evacuation and transport sorting

169. Name a drug that increases the body’s resistance to ionizing radiation (radioprotector):

1) potassium iodide

2) cystamine

170. For second degree burns (small, relaxed blisters with light contents, hyperemia around the blisters) it is necessary:

1) Lubricate the burned surface with ointment

2) Open the bubbles

3) Apply an aseptic bandage

171. Vomiting in the first hour after training is a sign of the development of acute radiation sickness:

1) mild degree

2) medium degree

3) severe

172. Medical personal protective equipment includes:

1) individual first aid kit

2) gas mask

3) individual anti-chemical package (IPP-8)

4) individual dressing package

5) respirator

173. What is the purpose of the individual package IPP-8?

1) detection of toxic substances and hazardous substances in the air

2) determination of contamination of food products with hazardous substances

3) carrying out degassing of toxic substances and hazardous substances on the skin and clothing

174. The personal first aid kit includes:

1) hemostatic tourniquet

2) a remedy for FOV poisoning

3) anti-chemical package

4) cystamine

5) sulfatone

175. Which drug from the individual first aid kit is used during the initial reaction to radiation??

1) cystamine

Volgograd State Medical University

Department of Life Safety and Disaster Medicine

test work on the topic:

Peacetime emergencies of man-made nature. Emergency situations with the release of hazardous chemical substances (HAS).

Completed: 3rd year students 2nd year of study

Departments of “nursing” 1gr.

Medical College of Volgograd State Medical University

Kozlovtseva Alexandra Yurievna

Kurysheva Elena Alexandrovna

Volgograd 2012

Test tasks

Situational tasks

Test tasks

1. In case of electrical injuries, assistance should begin:

a) from chest compressions b) from artificial ventilation c) from precordial stroke d) from cessation of exposure to electric current

2. If a patient who has received an electrical injury is unconscious, butthere are no visible respiratory or circulatory disorders, the nurse should:

a) give cordiamine and caffeine intramuscularly b) give ammonia a sniff c) unbutton clothes d) lay the patient on his side e) call a doctor f) start oxygen inhalation

3. Electrical injuries of degree I are characterized by:

a) loss of consciousness b) respiratory and circulatory disorders c) convulsive muscle contractions d) clinical death

4. Patients with electrical injuries after assistance:

a) are sent to see a local doctor b) do not require further examination and treatment c) are hospitalized by ambulance

5. When drowning in cold water, the duration of clinical death:

a) shortens b) lengthens c) does not change

6. Application of a heat-insulating bandage to patients with frostbite requires:

a) in the pre-reactive period b) in the reactive period

7.The following is applied to the burned surface:

a) bandage with furacillin b) bandage with synthomycin emulsion c) dry sterile bandage d) bandage with tea soda solution

8. Cooling the burned surface with cold water is indicated:

a) in the first minutes after injury b) only for first degree burns c) not indicated

9. Three main preventive anti-shock measures in trauma patients

a) administration of vasoconstrictor drugs b) oxygen inhalation c) anesthesia d) stopping external bleeding e) immobilization of fractures

10. A hemostatic tourniquet is applied:

a) with arterial bleeding b) with capillary bleeding c) with venous bleeding d) with parenchymal bleeding

11. In case of traumatic brain injury, the victim must:

a) administration of painkillers b) immobilization of the head during transportation c) monitoring of respiratory and circulatory functions d) emergency hospitalization

12. The territory where a toxic substance has been released into the environment and its evaporation into the atmosphere continues is called:

13. The area exposed to vapors of a toxic substance is called:

a) a source of chemical contamination b) a zone of chemical contamination

14. Gastric lavage in case of poisoning with acids and alkalis is carried out:

a) neutralizing solutions

b) water at room temperature

c) warm water

15. The most effective way to remove poison from the stomach is:

a) when washing with the reflex method b) when washing with the probe method

16. If highly toxic substances come into contact with your skin, you must:

a) wipe the skin with a damp cloth b) immerse in a container of water c) rinse with running water

17. If there is ammonia vapor in the atmosphere, the respiratory tract must be protected:

a) a cotton-gauze bandage moistened with a solution of baking soda b) a cotton-gauze bandage moistened with a solution of acetic or citric acid c) a cotton-gauze bandage moistened with a solution of ethyl alcohol

18. If there is ammonia vapor in the atmosphere, you must move:

a) in the upper floors of buildings b) on the street c) in the lower floors and basements

19. If there is chlorine vapor in the atmosphere, you must move:

a) in the upper floors of buildings b) on the street c) in the lower floors and basements

20. If there is chlorine vapor in the atmosphere, the respiratory tract must be protected:

a) a cotton-gauze bandage soaked in a solution of baking soda b) a cotton-gauze bandage soaked in a solution of acetic acid c) a cotton-gauze bandage soaked in boiled water

21. Chlorine and ammonia vapors cause:

a) excitement and euphoria b) irritation of the upper respiratory tract c) lacrimation d) laryngospasm e) toxic pulmonary edema

22. The antidote for poisoning with organophosphorus compounds is:

a) magnesium sulfate b) atropine c) roserine d) sodium thiosulfate

23. Mandatory conditions for performing indirect cardiac massage are:

a) the presence of a solid base under the chest b) the position of the hands in the middle of the sternum

24.What to do if an earthquake finds you in a building, but you feel weak tremors?

a) Immediately leave the building without using the elevator.

b) Hide under the table and expect strong shocks.

c) Collect the necessary items and documents and leave the building.

d) Try to secure items and remove items from the upper shelves of the cabinet.

25.Which substances according to the degree of impact does chlorine belong to? a) highly dangerous

b) toxic

c) moderately dangerous

26. At what effective dose rate of radioactive radiation in mSv/year is radiation monitoring carried out?

27. To protect the respiratory system when working with radioactive substances, use

a) respirators and hose gas masks

b) gloves with lead rubber sleeves

28. Which of the following statements regarding electric current are correct:

a) alternating current of industrial frequency (50 Hz) with a power of 10 mA is deadly to humans because causes respiratory arrest;

b) the outcome of electric shock to a person depends on the strength of the current, the applied voltage, the resistance of the human body, the type and frequency of the current, the duration of the current, the path of the current through the human body;

c) the resistance of damaged human skin to electric current is significantly less than that of internal organs and systems;

d) when the human body is exposed to a threshold perceptible current, death can occur;

The cause of a burn is exposure of the body to high temperature, certain types of radiant energy (rays of the sun, x-rays, radium), as well as a number of chemicals. The most common are thermal and chemical burns. Their severity depends on the area of ​​the burned surface and the degree of the burn. A burn of one third of the body surface is life-threatening for the victim. Depending on the nature of the changes in the burned tissue, three degrees of burn are distinguished.

Signs of a first degree burn is redness of the burned tissues, their swelling and pain.

Second degree burn characterized by the formation of bubbles filled with liquid.

For third degree burns characterized by necrotic changes (death) of burned tissues. In the most severe cases, their charring is observed.

First degree burns are dangerous only when the affected area is large. It should be taken into account that the changes characteristic of first-degree burns precede the formation of blisters in second-degree burns. Therefore, often 10 - 15 minutes after the burn, only redness is noted, but later blisters appear. In case of second-degree burns, the latter usually break through, exposing deep layers of skin, which can very easily become infected. An even greater danger of infection of burned areas of the body occurs with third-degree burns.

Burn victims often fall into serious condition. It is associated with overexcitation of the nervous system by painful stimuli, as well as the action of toxic substances formed in burned tissues. Changes in the nervous and cardiovascular systems can cause the development of severe shock. In this case, a state of general excitement is often observed.

Providing first aid to the victim, the burned surface of the body should be freed from clothing (the clothing is cut along the seam).

In cases where the victim’s clothing is on fire, the burned person should not be allowed to run or rush about, as this only intensifies the flame. In these cases, you must immediately tear off the burning clothing or extinguish the fire by throwing a blanket, coat, or overcoat over the victim.

When providing assistance to a victim with signs of a first-degree burn, apply a bandage moistened with wine alcohol or treat the burned surface with a saturated solution of potassium permanganate. The therapeutic effect of these agents is associated with their tanning effect, which largely prevents the development of further pathological changes and the formation of blisters.

When providing first aid in case of a second degree burn, you should carefully clean the skin around the blisters with wine alcohol and treat it with a solution of potassium permanganate. After this, an aseptic bandage must be applied to the burned surface. It is impossible to open blisters when providing first aid.

For third degree burns, an aseptic bandage is applied to the burned surface. If the victim must be evacuated, the burned limbs should be immobilized.

Due to the danger of infection of open wounds, strict adherence to asepsis is necessary when providing care to burnt patients. All victims with extensive burns, with burns of the lower extremities, as well as when the burnt surface of the body is contaminated with earth, must be given anti-tetanus serum.

Due to the possibility of shock developing, it is necessary to carefully monitor the general condition of the burned, prevent them from cooling, and be very careful during transportation. It is advisable to give the burned person some sweet hot tea.

In case of chemical burns, the first thing to do is to rinse the burned surface thoroughly and for a long time with water.

For burns with acids, to neutralize the acid, the burned surface is moistened with a 5% soda solution, and for burns with alkalis - with boric or 2% acetic acid.

In case of burns with phosphorus, its particles continue to burn in the skin (they are very clearly visible if you take the victim into a darkened room), in these cases you should rinse the burned surface abundantly with water, remove the phosphorus particles with tweezers and apply a bandage moistened with a 5% solution of copper sulfate.

In case of phosphorus burns to the face, one must take into account the possibility of phosphorus particles being introduced into the mucous membrane of the eyelids and conjunctiva of the eyes. In these cases, after rinsing the victim’s eyes with water, he should be immediately taken to a medical aid station. In everyday life, I and II degree burns often occur after prolonged exposure of the skin to direct sunlight. Sunburns, covering a significant surface of the body, are often accompanied by an increase in temperature. For these burns, it is necessary to protect the skin from further exposure to rays; It is recommended to lubricate the burned surface with sterile fat. If the body is affected by other types of radiant energy, medical attention is necessary.

Table of contents of the topic "Thermal burns. Burn disease. Emergency care for burns. Specialized medical care for burns.":
1. First aid for thermal burns. Thermal burns. Pathogenesis of thermal burns. Classification of burns.
2. Manifestations (clinical signs) of a burn. Diagnosis of the depth of skin damage during a burn. Determination of burn surface area.
3. Burn disease. What is burn disease? Stages of burn disease.
4. Signs (clinic) of burn disease. Diagnosis of burn shock. Diagnosis of burn shock.
5. Respiratory tract burn (RTB). Diagnostics of one Diagnosis of respiratory tract burn.
6. Emergency care for burns. First aid for burns. Methods of providing first aid for burns.
7. Emergency care at the site of the burn. Local treatment for burns. Burn therapy.
8. The volume of emergency care before transport to the hospital. Medical care for burns before transportation.
9. Assisting a patient with a burn during transportation to the hospital. Qualified medical care for burns. Treatment of burns in a hospital.
10. Specialized medical care for burns. Detoxification therapy for burn toxemia.

Emergency care at the site of a burn. Local treatment for burns. Burn therapy.

1. Termination of the thermal agent carried out in all possible ways. You can use water, snow, sand and other available means. Use of available fabric products should be the last option, as they create conditions for longer exposure to high temperatures on the victim. After eliminating the effect of the thermal agent, rapid cooling of the burned areas should be carried out.

2. Cooling of fired surfaces is often practically the only effective method of local exposure when providing first aid. It can be carried out by prolonged rinsing with cold water, applying plastic bags or rubber bubbles with ice, snow, cold water, etc. Cooling should be carried out for at least 10-15 minutes, without delaying the transportation of the victim. It prevents the heating of deeper tissues (thereby helping to limit the depth of thermal damage), reduces pain and the degree of swelling. If it is not possible to use cooling agents, the burned surfaces should be left open in order to cool them with air (R. I. Murazyan, N. R. Panchenkov, 1982).

3. Pain relief. The use of narcotic drugs in generally accepted doses, for example, a 1-2% solution of promedol in an amount of 1-2 ml. In the absence of narcotic analgesics, you can use any other painkillers (analgin, baralgin, etc.).

4. Treatment of the wound surface at the scene of the incident. IT IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED TO REMOVE PARTS OF BURNED CLOTHING FROM THE AFFECTED SURFACE OR TO OPEN BURN BUBBLES. Parts of burnt clothing should be left in the wound, cut off from the whole fabric with scissors. The affected surface should be covered with a sterile bandage, generously moistened with a solution of any antiseptic (for example, furatsilin). It is acceptable to cover the wound with a dry sterile bandage, but this is not the best option, since it quickly sticks (dries out) to the burn surface, which can result in injury to the wound when the bandage is subsequently removed. It is not recommended to use fat-based preparations (ointments, fats) at the first aid stage, since they create conditions that prevent the formation of a dry scab and have “thermostatic” properties, thereby promoting the rapid proliferation of microorganisms (R. I. Murazyan, N. R. Panchenkov, 1982). As a last resort, the burned area can be left without a bandage for several hours (transportation stage) (V. M. Burmistrov, A. I. Buglaev, 1986).

5. Drink plenty of fluids. Before the emergency team arrives, the victim, with extensive burns and no nausea and vomiting, should be given warm tea, coffee, alkaline water, etc. If the patient does not even feel thirsty (this happens rarely), you should be persistent and convince him to take at least 0. 5-1 liters of liquid, especially if the subsequent transportation period takes several hours. This is necessary to correct developing hypovolemia.