In order for a person’s behavior to be successful, it is necessary that his internal states, the external conditions in which the person finds himself, and the practical actions he takes correspond to each other. At the physiological level, the function of combining (integrating) all this is provided by the nervous system. It is anatomically located and designed so as to have direct access and access to the internal organs, to the external environment, to connect them, to control the organs of movement. The human nervous system consists of two sections: central and peripheral. The central one includes the brain, diencephalon and spinal cord. The rest of the nervous system is peripheral.
The importance of the nervous system The nervous system plays a critical role in regulating body functions. It ensures coordinated functioning of cells, tissues, organs and their systems. At the same time, the body functions as a single whole. Thanks to the nervous system, the body communicates with the external environment. The activity of the nervous system underlies feelings, learning, memory, speech and thinking - mental processes through which a person not only understands the environment, but can also actively change it.
Nervous tissue The nervous system is formed by nervous tissue, which consists of neurons with small satellite cells. Neurons
– the main cells of the nervous tissue: they provide the functions of the nervous system. Satellite cells
surround neurons, performing nutritional, supporting and protective functions. There are approximately 10 times more satellite cells than neurons. 
A neuron consists of a body and processes. There are two types of processes: dendrites
And axons
The processes can be long and short. Most dendrites are short, highly branched processes. One neuron can have several of them. Nerve impulses travel through dendrites to the body of the nerve cell. Axon
- a long, most often slightly branched process along which impulses travel from the cell body. Each nerve cell has only 1 axon, the length of which can reach several tens of centimeters. Along the long processes of nerve cells, impulses in the body can be transmitted over long distances. 
The long processes are often covered with a sheath of white fat-like substance. Their accumulations in the central nervous system form white matter
Short processes and cell bodies of neurons do not have such a membrane. Their clusters form gray matter
Neurons vary in shape and function. Just neurons sensitive
They transmit impulses from the sense organs to the spinal cord and brain. The cell bodies of sensory neurons lie on the way to the central nervous system in nerve ganglia. Nerve nodes
- These are accumulations of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system. Other neurons motor
Transmits impulses from the spinal cord and brain to muscles and internal organs. Communication between sensory and motor neurons occurs in the spinal cord interneurons
The bodies and processes of which do not extend beyond the brain. The spinal cord and brain are connected to all organs by nerves. Nerve
- accumulations of long processes of nerve cells covered with a sheath. Nerves made up of motor neuron axons are called motor nerves
Sensory nerves consist of dendritic sensory neurons. Most nerves contain both axons and debris. Such nerves are called mixed. Through them, impulses travel in two directions - to the central nervous system and from it to the organs.
Divisions of the nervous system.
The nervous system consists of central and peripheral sections. The central section is represented by the brain and spinal cord, protected by connective tissue membranes. The peripheral section includes nerves and nerve ganglia. 
The part of the nervous system that regulates the work of skeletal muscles is called somatic. Through the somatic nervous system, a person can control movements, voluntarily cause or stop them. The part of the nervous system that regulates the activity of internal organs is called autonomic. The functioning of the autonomic nervous system is not subject to human will. You cannot, for example, wish to stop the heart, speed up the digestion process, or delay sweating. In the autonomic nervous system, two sections are distinguished: sympathetic and parasympathetic. Most internal organs are supplied by nerves from these two sections. As a rule, they have opposite effects on organs. For example, the sympathetic nerve strengthens and speeds up the work of the heart, the aparasympathetic nerve slows down and weakens it.
The nervous system (NS) plays a critical role in regulating body functions. By ensuring the coordinated functioning of cells, tissues, organs and systems, the NS allows the body to function as a single whole. Thanks to the NS, the body communicates with the external environment (information is received). The work of the NS also underlies all mental processes (storing and processing information, decision making, etc.) that characterize the activities of Homo Sapiens.
The NS is formed by nervous tissue, which consists of neurons and satellite cells. Neurons are the main cells that provide the functions of the nervous system.
Satellite cells surround neurons, performing nutritional, supporting and protective functions. There are approximately 10 times more satellite cells than neurons (Fig. 3).
A neuron consists of a body and processes (Fig. 4). There are two types of processes: dendrites and axons. The shoots can be long or short.
Rice. 3. Nervous tissue
1 – satellite cells; 2 – neurons; 3 – nerve fibers.
Rice. 4. Diversity of neurons
1- dendrites; 2 – body; 3 – axons
Most dendrites (Greek dendron - tree) are short, highly branched processes. One neuron can have several of them. Nerve impulses travel along dendrites to the body of the nerve cell.
Axon (Greek axis - process) is a long, slightly branched process through which impulses travel from the cell body. Each nerve cell has only one axon, the length of which can reach several tens of centimeters, while impulses in the body can be transmitted over long distances. The axons are covered with a sheath of white fat-like substance. Their accumulations form white matter in the central nervous system (CNS).
Short processes and cell bodies of neurons do not have such a membrane. Their accumulation forms gray matter.
Neurons vary in shape and function. Sensory neurons transmit impulses from receptors to the spinal cord and brain. The cell bodies of sensory neurons lie on the way to the central nervous system. Their clusters form nerve ganglia. Motor neurons transmit impulses to muscles and internal organs from the spinal cord and brain. Between sensory and motor neurons in the spinal cord and brain there is a connection carried out by interneurons.
Nerves (Fig. 5) are clusters of long processes of nerve cells covered with a sheath.
Rice. 5. Diagram of the structure of a nerve
Motor nerves are made up of the axons of motor neurons, and sensory nerves are made up of the dendrites of sensory neurons. Most nerves contain both axons and dendrites. Such nerves are called mixed. Through them, impulses go in two directions: to the central nervous system and from it to the organs.
The NS consists of central and peripheral sections. The central section is represented by the brain and spinal cord. And the peripheral one consists of nerves and nerve ganglia.
The part of the nervous system that regulates the work of skeletal muscles is called somatic (Greek soma - body). With the help of the somatic nervous system, a person can control his movements, voluntarily cause and stop them.
The part of the NS that regulates the activities of internal organs is called autonomous. Unlike the somatic nervous system, the work of the autonomous nervous system is practically not subject to human will; for example, at best only a few out of tens of millions can stop the heart or speed up the digestion process.
In the autonomic nervous system, two divisions are distinguished: sympathetic and parasympathetic. Most internal organs are supplied with nerves from these two sections. They have the opposite effect on organs.
The sympathetic nerve activates the work, and the parasympathetic nerve slows down and weakens.
c) regulates the functioning of the body
e) is a support for the body
3.functions of satellite cells (neuroglia)
4.What is a receptor?
5.What does the receptor do?
a) Interneuron
b) Receptor
c) Centrifugal neuron
d) centripetal neuron
e) arm muscles
a) provides a connection between the body and the external environment
b) protects the body from damage
c) regulates the functioning of the body
d) provides the body with nutrients, oxygen,
d) coordinates the work of organ systems
e) is a support for the body
2. what is the structural unit of nervous tissue?
a) neurocide b) leukocyte c) lymphocyte
3.functions of satellite cells (neuroglia): nutritional support protective
a) nutritional b) supporting c) protective
4.What is a receptor?
a) eye b) ear c) tongue d) cell with nerve endings
5.What does the receptor do?
a) Transmission of nerve impulses to the central nervous system
b) Perception of irritation and its transformation into a nerve impulse
c) transmission of nerve impulses from the central nervous system to muscles
6.Which path does the signal take from the eye to the visual area?
a) centrifugal neuron b) receptor c) centripetal neuron
7.What is the sequence of the excitation pathway when a hand is burned?
a) Interneuron
b) Receptor
c) Centrifugal neuron
d) centripetal neuron
e) Gray matter of the spinal cord
e) arm muscles
1. Rapid regeneration 2. Excitability and conductivity 3. Excitability and contractility 4. Fibrous structure
A2. Of the listed functions, the following is not typical for the spinal cord:
1. Implementation of the simplest reflexes 2. Conduction of signals from body receptors to the brain 3. Conduction of brain commands to skeletal muscles 4. Control of voluntary movements of skeletal muscles
A3. The size of the pupil and the curvature of the lens are regulated by nerve centers located
1. In the medulla oblongata 2. In the midbrain 3. In the cerebellum 4. in the occipital lobes of the cerebral hemispheres
A4. Conditioned reflex centers are located
1. in the cerebral cortex 2. in the medulla oblongata 3. in the diencephalon 4. in the spinal cord
A5. The parasympathetic nervous system is activated
1..during heavy physical activity 2. in case of danger 3. during stress 4. during rest
A6. An analyzer is a system that includes
1. sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers 2. receptor, sensory pathway, part of the central nervous system, motor pathway, executive organ 3. neurons that perceive, conduct and process information 4. various parts of the brain
A7. When touching a bitter tablet with the tip of the tongue, a person does not feel the bitter taste, because...
1. receptors that perceive bitter taste are located in the walls of the esophagus 2. receptors that perceive bitter taste are located on the walls of the oral cavity 3. receptors that perceive bitter taste are located closer to the root of the tongue 4. humans do not have receptors that perceive bitter taste
A8. Twilight vision is provided
1. iris 2. cones 3. rods 4. lens
A9. As a result of irritation by dust or the ingress of microbes, the mucous membrane of the eye becomes inflamed - it develops
1. myopia 2. farsightedness 3. conjunctivitis 4. Cataract
A. 10 The auditory tube of the middle ear provides
. 1.fluid fluctuations in the cochlea of the inner ear 2.transmission of sound vibrations from the eardrum to the dry bones of the middle ear 3.
3 transformation of mechanical vibrations into nerve impulses 4. Equalization of pressure on different sides of the eardrum
B1. Choose three correct answers out of six. For myopia
1. the eyeball is shortened 2. the image is focused in front of the retina
3. It is necessary to wear glasses with biconvex lenses
4. The eyeball has an elongated shape
5.the image is focused behind the retina
6. Glasses with focusing lenses are recommended
Answer:______________
Establish a correspondence between the part of the nervous system and its functions FunctionsDivision of the nervous system
1. Cover plant. 2. Cover animal.3. Photosynthetic.4. Educational.5. Striated muscle.6. Blood.7. Nervous.8. Mechanical.
A. Lines the inside of the body’s organs. B. Serves as a support for the organs in which it is located. B. The cells are transparent, large, and tightly adjacent to each other. D. Tissue properties - excitability and conductivity. D. Tissue properties - excitability and contractility. E. The main function of tissue cells is division. E. The tissue is made up of thin cells with a large number of chloroplasts. G. Connects cells of different organs with each other. Consists of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets.
2. Leaflet valves are located at the border of the ventricles and arteries
3. All arteries, without exception, contain arterial blood, and all veins contain venous blood.
4. The vagus nerve slows down the heart, acting on it humorally and not reflexively
5. Nutrients in tissues pass from blood plasma into tissue fluid, and from it enter cells.
6.Decomposition products move in the reverse order
7.The walls of the arteries consist of single-layer epithelium
8. Leaflet valves are located at the border of the ventricles and the atrium
9.Semilunar valves are located at the border of the ventricles and atria
Work 14.
1. Look at the fabrics in Figures A, B, C, D, E. Determine the types of fabrics (see paragraph 4).
Image of fabrics in drawings Fabric name Distinctive features of fabrics Connective
Cartilaginous
The fabric contains a lot of:
1. intercellular substance;
2. cells.
Found in cartilage.
Ciliated epithelium Tissue cells form rows.
There is little intercellular substance in the tissue.
Found in mucous membranes.
Nervous tissue The tissue includes neurons and satellite cells.
Each neuron has:
2. dendoites;
The axon ends at a synapse.
Smooth muscle tissue Spindle-shaped cells with a rod-shaped nucleus are found in the walls of internal organs. Muscle fibers of striated muscle tissue Fibers containing a lot of myofibril. They have many cores. Found in human skeletal muscles, tongue, larynx, upper esophagus, and heart.
2. The affected tissues of the liver, heart, and muscles are replaced by connective tissue, but not having the properties of the tissues being replaced, it simply closes the resulting gap. Sometimes the connective tissue grows, forming growths or rough scars. Using this information, answer the question: why don’t scars tan in the sun?
Connective tissues do not contain pigment cells - melanin and, therefore, cannot tan.
Red growths often form around an ingrown toenail, which is popularly called wild meat.
Is meat "wild meat"? Give a detailed answer. Check your answer in the article “Is “wild meat” meat?” (p.261).
No. The meat is called skeletal muscle, and the “meat” that grows around an ingrown toenail is just connective tissue, which is not muscle tissue.
Textile- a collection of cells and intercellular substance that have a common structure, function and origin.
Epithelial tissue
Functions
- Borderline (outer layer of skin, inner layer of respiratory tract, lungs, stomach, intestines).
- Secretion of substances (glands).
Features of the structure:
- The cells are tightly adjacent to each other, there is little intercellular substance.
- Cells divide very quickly, due to this, damage to the epithelium is quickly healed.
Connective tissue
Functions
- Nutritional (blood, adipose tissue)
- Supporting (bone, cartilage, connective tissue membrane of all organs).
Features of the structure: there is a lot of intercellular substance.
Muscle tissue
Functions: excitability and contractility.
| Three types of muscle tissue | striated skeletal | striated heart | smooth |
| Included in | skeletal muscles (for example, limb muscles) | hearts | internal organs (stomach, blood vessels, etc.) |
| cells | multi-core | single-core | |
| control | obeys consciousness (innervated by the somatic nervous system) | does not obey consciousness (innervated by the autonomic nervous system) | |
| is declining | fast | slowly | |
Nervous tissue
Functions: excitability and conductivity.
The main cells of nervous tissue are neurons- consist of a body and processes. There are two types of shoots:
- dendrites - short, branched, accept excitation;
- axon - long, unbranched, transmits excitation.
In addition to neurons, nervous tissue also contains satellite cells(neuroglia), there are 10 times more of them than neurons, they perform a nutritional, supporting and protective function.
Axons may be coated with a white, fat-like substance called myelin, which speeds up the conduction of nerve impulses. The accumulation of such axons forms white matter nervous system. Companion cells, neuron bodies and dendrites form gray matter.
MORE INFORMATION:
PART 2 ASSIGNMENTS:
Tests and assignments
Establish a correspondence between the characteristics of human tissue and its type: 1) epithelial, 2) connective. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the correct order.
A) transports substances in the body
B) forms the epidermis of the skin
D) produces antibodies
E) contains a lot of intercellular substance
Answer
Choose one, the most correct option. What functions do satellite cells perform in nervous tissue?
1) the occurrence of excitation and its conduction along nerve fibers
2) nutritional, supportive and protective
3) transmission of nerve impulses from neuron to neuron
4) constant renewal of nervous tissue
Answer
All but two of the characteristics listed below can be used to describe the fabric shown in the picture. Identify two characteristics that “fall out” from the general list and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) ability to contractility
2) the presence of a large number of cores
3) ability to conduct aqueous solutions
4) ability to conduct impulses
5) the presence of a well-developed intercellular substance
Answer
1. Choose three correct answers out of six and write down the numbers under which they are indicated. What functions does connective tissue perform in the human body?
1) performs a reflex function
2) participates in the transport of oxygen from the lungs to cells
3) ensures the constancy of the composition of the internal environment
4) produces digestive enzymes
5) forms subcutaneous fatty tissue
6) traps and removes dust particles in the nasal cavity
Answer
2. Select three features of connective tissue.
1) Cells adhere tightly to each other
2) There is little intercellular substance
3) Well developed intercellular substance
4) Fills gaps between organs
5) Cells are diverse in structure and function
Answer
3. Select two features that characterize the characteristics of human connective tissue. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) the intercellular substance is well developed
2) cells are always mononuclear
3) cells contain the protein myosin
4) cells contain many mitochondria
5) the fabric may be liquid
Answer
4. Choose three correct answers out of six and write down the numbers under which they are indicated. Connective tissue of the human body
1) represented by blood, lymph, cartilage
2) lines the mucous membranes of the stomach and oral cavity
3) can be liquid or solid
4) has excitability and conductivity
5) has a weakly expressed intercellular substance
6) performs a transport function
Answer
Establish a correspondence between the characteristics of the tissue and the type of tissue that has this characteristic: 1) epithelial, 2) connective, 3) muscle. Write the numbers 1, 2 and 3 in the correct order.
A) consists of mononucleated and multinucleated cells
B) can be liquid, solid, elastic
B) lines the mucous membranes of organs
D) forms digestive glands
D) the intercellular substance is highly developed
E) has excitability
Answer
Establish a correspondence between the characteristics of human tissues and their types: 1) muscle, 2) connective. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the order corresponding to the letters.
A) capable of storing fat
B) some cells contain hemoglobin
B) its cells are long and cross-striated
D) has contractility and excitability
D) the intercellular substance is well developed
E) cells are mononuclear or multinucleate
Answer
Choose three options. Tissues have properties of excitability and contractility
1) cardiac muscle
2) glandular epithelial
3) smooth muscle
4) nervous
5) loose connective
6) striated muscle
Answer
Choose one, the most correct option. Changes in the diameter of blood vessels occur due to tissue
1) epithelial
2) connecting
3) smooth muscle
Answer
1. Choose three options. Striated muscle tissue, as opposed to smooth
Answer
2. Choose three correct answers out of six and write down the numbers under which they are indicated. What are the features of striated muscle tissue?
1) forms muscles located in the walls of internal organs
2) consists of spindle cells with one nucleus
3) forms skeletal muscles
4) consists of long multinucleated cells
5) has fibers with transverse striations
6) participates in changing the lumens of blood vessels
Answer
3. Choose three correct answers out of six and write down the numbers under which they are indicated. Human striated muscle tissue
1) forms the muscles of blood vessels
2) is part of the tongue, pharynx and the initial part of the esophagus
3) performs involuntary contractions
4) has motor centers in the cerebral cortex
5) regulated by the somatic part of the nervous system
6) consists of single spindle cells
Answer
Choose one, the most correct option. Changes in the lumen of arteries occur in humans due to tissue
1) epithelial
2) connecting
3) smooth muscle
4) striated muscle
Answer
Choose one, the most correct option. Gray matter in the human brain and spinal cord is formed
1) bodies of sensory neurons
2) long processes of motor neurons
3) long processes of sensory neurons
4) bodies of motor and interneurons
Answer
Establish a correspondence between the characteristics and types of human tissue: 1) epithelial, 2) connective, 3) nervous. Write the numbers 1, 2 and 3 in the correct order.
A) has conductivity
B) performs the function of support and nutrition
B) forms the outer covering of the skin
D) produces antibodies
D) consists of closely adjacent cells
E) forms the gray matter of the spinal cord
Answer
Choose three correct answers out of six and write down the numbers under which they are indicated. The human heart muscle is characterized
1) the presence of transverse striations
2) abundance of intercellular substance
3) spontaneous rhythmic contractions
4) the presence of spindle cells
5) numerous connections between cells
6) absence of nuclei in cells
Answer
Choose three correct answers out of six and write down the numbers under which they are indicated. Smooth muscle tissue, as opposed to striated muscle tissue
1) consists of multinucleated cells
2) consists of elongated cells with an oval nucleus
3) has greater speed and energy of contraction
4) forms the basis of skeletal muscles
5) located in the walls of internal organs
6) contracts slowly, rhythmically, involuntarily
Answer
Establish a correspondence between the characteristics of the tissue and its type: 1) epithelial, 2) connective. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the correct order.
A) intercellular substance is practically absent
B) performs nutritional and support functions
B) lines the inside of the intestinal cavity and other organs
D) forms subcutaneous fat tissue
D) is a component (part) of the internal environment of the body
Answer
Match the characteristics and types of human tissue shown in the figure. Write numbers 1-4 in the correct order.
A) consists of multinucleated cells
B) has excitability and conductivity
B) cells adhere tightly to each other
D) contains elastic fibers
D) the cell has a body and processes
E) capable of contractility
Answer
B) contains a lot of intercellular substance
B) forms sweat glands
D) provides gas transport
D) forms the surface layer of the skin
E) performs supporting and mechanical functions
Answer
Establish a correspondence between the characteristics of human tissue and its type: 1) epithelial, 2) connective.
A) consists of cells tightly adjacent to each other
B) consists of loosely arranged cells
B) contains liquid or solid intercellular substance
D) forms nails and hair
D) provides communication between organs
Answer
Establish a correspondence between the characteristics of the tissue and its type: 1) epithelial, 2) connective.
A) transport of substances in the body
B) close adherence of cells to each other
B) abundance of intercellular substance
D) release of enzymes and hormones
D) participation in the formation of skin
Answer
Establish a correspondence between the characteristics of human tissue and its type: 1) epithelial, 2) connective, 3) nervous.
A) regulation of body movements
D) protection from chemical influences
D) sweating
Answer
Establish a correspondence between the functions of tissues and their type: 1) epithelial, 2) connective, 3) nervous.
A) regulation of vital processes
B) storage of nutrients
B) movement of substances in the body
D) protection from mechanical damage
D) ensuring metabolism between the body and the environment
Answer
Establish a correspondence between the feature and the type of human muscle tissue for which it is characteristic: 1) smooth, 2) cardiac
A) formed by spindle cells
B) cells have transverse striations
B) cells are mononuclear
D) muscles have a high rate of contraction
Answer
Establish a correspondence between the properties and human tissues: 1) Muscular, 2) Nervous. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the correct order.
A) conducts an electrical impulse
B) cells are capable of contraction
B) can be smooth or striated
D) cells can have several nuclei
D) cells have exactly one nucleus
E) most cells have many processes
Answer
Establish a correspondence between the characteristics of human tissue and its type: 1) Epithelial, 2) Connective. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the correct order.
A) cells adhere tightly to each other
B) cells can be flat, cubic, cylindrical
C) the tissue is ciliated, glandular, keratinized
D) the tissue is of mesodermal origin
D) tissue can be liquid or solid
E) the intercellular substance is well developed
Answer
Establish a correspondence between the types of tissues and their characteristics: 1) muscle, 2) nervous. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the order corresponding to the letters.
A) has excitability and conductivity
B) represented by myocytes
B) capable of contracting
D) represented by neurons
D) ensures communication between organs and their coordinated work
E) ensures body movement and the functioning of internal organs
Answer
Establish a correspondence between the function of tissue in the human body and its type: 1) epithelial, 2) connective. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the order corresponding to the letters.
A) movement of substances in the body
B) production of hormones
B) production of phagocytes
D) metabolism between the body and the external environment
D) storage of nutrients
Answer
Establish a correspondence between the structure and functions of neuron processes and their name: 1) dendrite, 2) axon. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the order corresponding to the letters.
A) ensures signal transmission from the neuron body
B) ensures signal transmission to the neuron body
C) short and highly branched
D) long and does not branch
D) externally covered with a myelin sheath
Answer
Choose three correct answers out of six and write down the numbers under which they are indicated. Human epithelial tissue
1) line the inside of hollow organs
2) capable of contracting
3) capable of being excited
4) contain little intercellular substance
5) cells have a myelin sheath
6) form glands
Answer
1. Establish a correspondence between the characteristics of muscle tissue and its type: 1) striated, 2) smooth. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the order corresponding to the letters.
A) forms skeletal muscles
B) forms the middle layer of the walls of veins and arteries
B) provides voluntary movements
D) provides intestinal peristalsis
D) consists of spindle-shaped cells
E) consists of multinucleated cells (fibers)
Answer
2. Establish a correspondence between the characteristics and types of muscle tissue: 1) smooth, 2) striated. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the order corresponding to the letters.
A) capable of rapid powerful contraction
B) consists of short spindle cells
B) the cell contains a large number of nuclei
D) myofibrils in the cell are arranged disorderly
D) is part of the walls of hollow internal organs
E) controlled by the somatic nervous system
Answer
3. Establish a correspondence between the characteristics of human tissues and their types: 1) smooth, 2) striated. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the order corresponding to the letters.
A) represented by spindle-shaped cells
B) forms the muscles of the musculoskeletal system
B) consists of multi-core elongated fibers
D) the reduction of protein fibers is slow
D) forms the middle layer of the wall of blood vessels
Answer
The features listed below, except two, are used to describe the structure and functions of the depicted cells. Identify two characteristics that “drop out” from the general list and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) are eukaryotic
2) contain cell walls
3) form epithelial tissue
4) somatic cells are haploid
5) capable of mitosis
Answer
Establish a correspondence between the structural and functional features of striated muscles and their type: 1) skeletal, 2) cardiac
A) contracts voluntarily
B) consists of long fibers that are not connected to each other
B) perceives impulses along the somatic reflex arc
D) fibers close tightly in certain areas
D) works autonomously
E) capable of contracting in all directions
Answer
Establish a correspondence between the characteristics and types of tissue: 1) striated muscle, 2) epithelial. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the order corresponding to the letters.
A) forms skeletal muscles
B) consists of cells tightly adjacent to each other
B) has the properties of excitability and contractility
D) lines the nasal cavity
D) performs a protective function
E) provides body movement
Answer
Look at the picture, identify (A) the type of tissue, (B) the type of tissue, and (C) the location of this tissue in the human body. For each letter, select the corresponding term from the list provided.
1) connecting
2) epithelial
3) striated muscle
4) smooth muscle
5) ciliated epithelium
6) stratified epithelium
7) mucous membrane of the nasal cavity
8) the inner surface of the stomach
Answer
Analyze the table. For each lettered cell, select the corresponding term from the list provided.
1) protective
2) lymphatic vessels
3) alveolar vesicles
4) smooth muscle
5) intestinal peristalsis
6) arteries, veins, capillaries
7) striated muscle
8) connecting
Answer
Establish a correspondence between the characteristics and types of tissue: 1) epithelial, 2) nervous. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the order corresponding to the letters.
A) most cells have numerous processes
B) cells unite and form layers
B) cells are capable of conducting electrical impulses
D) cells may have numerous villi
D) cells have a high ability to regenerate
E) mature cells are not capable of dividing
Answer
Choose three correct answers out of six and write down the numbers under which they are indicated. What are the features of bone tissue?
1) has a dense intercellular substance
2) contains glial cells
3) performs a transport function
4) formed from endoderm
5) performs a supporting function
6) consists of plates
Answer
Match the characteristics and types of muscle tissue presented in the pictures. Write numbers 1-3 in the order corresponding to the letters.
A) formed by multinucleated cells forming long fibers
B) capable of generating and conducting an electrical impulse
B) consists of short spindle cells
D) consists of cells with lateral processes that form contacts with each other
D) controlled by the somatic nervous system
E) is located in the walls of the stomach and intestines
Answer
Establish a correspondence between the characteristics and types of fabrics presented in Figures 1, 2. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the order corresponding to the letters.
A) contracts as quickly as possible
B) consists of spindle cells
C) participates in the formation of blood vessel walls
D) has one nucleus per cell
D) contains fibers with dark and light areas
E) ensures the movement of the body in space
Answer
Analyze the table “Human Muscles”. For each cell indicated by a letter, select the corresponding term or concept from the list provided.
1) autonomic nervous system
2) connective fibrous tissue
3) pericardial sac
4) somatic nervous system
5) cerebellum
6) motor centers of the cerebral cortex
7) striated skeletal
8) heart wall
Answer
Establish a correspondence between the characteristics and types of human tissue: 1) squamous epithelium, 2) glandular epithelium, 3) ciliated epithelium. Write numbers 1-3 in the order corresponding to the letters.
A) cells produce secretions
B) cells adhere tightly to each other
B) cells with numerous hairs
D) clears the airways
D) provides gas exchange
E) performs a secretory function
Answer
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