Poisoning is usually manifested by a whole list of symptoms: diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, fever and general intoxication of the body. Food poisoning in a child is more severe than in an adult, since most of the digestive functions and the immune system are still under development and do not have proper protection against toxic infections.

Causes

Food poisoning is caused either by deliberately poisonous food (for example, inedible berries, mushrooms, plants, etc.), or ordinary food that contains toxins and microbes. Food poisoning is also commonly referred to as food poisoning if the consumed product contained pathogens of intestinal pathologies - salmonella, E. coli, staphylococcus and others.

Potentially hazardous products are:

• dairy products (especially cottage cheese and ice cream);
• eggs;
• Fish and seafood;
• meat;
• cream pastry.

Of course, it is not necessary to limit the child in ice cream, it is not at all necessary that he will be poisoned by it. You just need to choose high-quality products, learn how to store them correctly, and not accustom your child to eating fast food, focusing his attention on the benefits of homemade food.

Symptoms of poisoning

With a mild form of poisoning, a child may experience an allergy in the form of skin rashes and mild swelling, as well as general weakness and lack of appetite.

In more severe cases, the child may complain of abdominal pain, seizures and vomiting, diarrhea, and fever. Diarrhea usually manifests itself in the form of copious and watery stools, with the inclusion of undigested food particles.

The most dangerous signs of poisoning are incessant vomiting and diarrhea. These symptoms not only exhaust the body, but also lead to its dehydration, with a violation of water-salt metabolism and blood clotting, which is fraught with the risk of thrombosis. It is impossible to allow such a state, repeated vomiting and diarrhea are indications for inpatient treatment.

Classification of food poisoning

There are two types of food poisoning in children:

• Infectious poisoning, the provocateurs of which are pathogenic microorganisms and their toxins. These can be food poisoning and toxicosis - botulism, bacteriotoxicosis.
• Non-infectious poisoning caused by poisonous products of plant and animal origin (inedible mushrooms, berries and plants), with impurities of poisons and heavy metals.

Flow stages

In case of poisoning in children, three stages of the course of the pathological process are distinguished.

Latent or asymptomatic

It starts from the moment the toxins enter the child's digestive tract, until the first signs of poisoning appear. The latent stage depends on the age and individual characteristics of the small patient, as well as the amount of toxins that have entered his body.

If you suspect food poisoning at this stage in children, while the poisons have not yet been fully absorbed by the body, you can avoid the following stages in the development of the pathology, immediately start treating the child with an enema, gastric lavage and taking sorbents, for example, activated carbon.

Toxigenic

It begins with the detection of the first symptoms of food poisoning in children before the removal of toxins and pathogenic microbes from the body. Symptoms at this stage are quite detailed, its nature depends on the type of toxic infection.

Treatment at this stage is carried out by removing toxins from the body (gastric lavage, enemas, etc.), detoxification and symptomatic therapy, for example, the appointment of antipyretics.

Stage of convalescence

At this stage, the child's food poisoning is already over, but the body needs strength and time to restore disturbed functions - immune, digestive, enzymatic, excretory, etc.

First aid

Assistance includes the following activities:

1. An enema of cool water and a sorbent (for example, Smecta). The volume of the enema depends on the age of the child. At 1 year - 70 ml, at 2 years - 120 ml, at 3 years - 200 ml, from 4 years - 300 ml.
2. Taking activated charcoal. Up to a year - 1 tablet, 1-3 years - 2 tablets, 3-6 years - 3 tablets, from 6 years old - divide the weight of the child by 10.
3. Gastric lavage from the age of 6 with a slightly pink solution of potassium permanganate (10 ml / kg of weight).
4. Plentiful drinking of boiled water, rest and refusal of food for at least 6 hours.

What can not be done?

It is unacceptable to treat food poisoning in children without consulting a doctor. You can not independently select antibiotics for a child, as well as drugs for diarrhea and vomiting. These drugs can harm him, as they can block the natural release of toxins from the body.

It is forbidden to give sorbents to a child if he has a history or a tendency to intestinal bleeding.

Diagnostics

The doctor begins the treatment of food poisoning in a child with a diagnosis.

To determine the true cause of toxic infection, you need:

• general blood analysis;
• study of vomit, urine and feces to identify the pathogen;
• the study of the remnants of food that the child consumed.

After receiving the results of the examination, the specialist determines the further tactics of effective assistance.

Treatment

Depending on the severity of food poisoning in a child, the doctor prescribes how to treat the pathology. Conservative therapy should be combined with a special diet.

The drugs prescribed in this case:

• Sorbents - Smecta, Enterosgel, Polyphepan and Activated carbon. These drugs are prescribed for food poisoning, which is accompanied by vomiting and diarrhea, as a complex treatment.
• Probiotics - Lactobacterin, Bifiform Baby. Sources of probiotic microorganisms, improve the condition with and.
• Antibiotics - Cefix, Nifuroxazide. The need for antibiotic therapy occurs in 10% of cases of food poisoning. These antibiotics are effective for intestinal infections and are safe for the child's body.

Can children give activated charcoal?

In case of poisoning and infectious diseases, especially of the digestive organs, children are given activated charcoal. For young children, the drug needs to be ground and mixed with water, the so-called suspension will be obtained.

The dosage of activated carbon is calculated depending on the body weight of the child. If there are no other instructions from the doctor, the baby's weight should be divided by the number "10" - the resulting number means how many tablets should be taken at a time. In total there should be three doses per day.

At least 2 hours must pass between taking other drugs and coal, otherwise the sorbent will simply absorb the drug components and the drugs will not work. Most often, Activated Angle is prescribed to children for 3 days.

Nutrition

Diet for food poisoning - one of the most important aspects of treatment. The main task of parents is to organize proper nutrition for the child. When the first symptoms of poisoning appear, it is important to exclude any meals for the next 6 hours. At the same time, the child should receive water in sufficient volume - the more, the better.

After this time, the diet for food poisoning in a child should be as gentle as possible. Food should be wiped, offering it to the baby in liquid or semi-solid form. It is recommended to increase the frequency of food intake up to 8 times, while portions should be small.

You will have to give up fresh pastries, whole milk and sweets - these products increase the fermentation processes in the intestines, and, therefore, exacerbate the symptoms of poisoning. You also need to minimize the amount of fat in the child's diet.

What to feed a child with food poisoning? The basis of the therapeutic diet should be cereals on the water, vegetable soups and meat (in pureed form), crackers or yesterday's bread, fermented milk products.

The listed products should be fed to the child until complete recovery. Then, over the next two weeks, the diet should still be special: steamed food, avoiding fried and fatty, raw vegetables and fruits.

Prevention

Prevention of food poisoning consists in organizing the proper storage of products and their adequate heat treatment, boiling drinking water, and observing elementary hygiene rules. It is also necessary to introduce children to inedible plants and mushrooms, to explain their danger.

Food poisoning is one of the diseases that are common among children. To prevent poisoning in a child, it is necessary to monitor his pastime, keep household poisons and chemicals out of reach, and follow preventive measures.

Useful video about food poisoning in children

Food poisoning in children is an acute condition of infectious-toxic origin, resulting from the use of stale, low-quality food products, in which pathogenic microorganisms and toxic products of their vital activity have been introduced, as well as the presence of a variety of plant or chemical poisons, etc.

Classification

In general, the following categories of food intoxications are diagnosed in pediatric patients:

• Poisoning of infectious origin that arise as a result of damage to microorganisms, i.e., various food toxicosis or toxic infections like botulism or bacteriotoxicosis;
• Food poisoning of non-infectious origin, which arise as a result of damage by poisons and toxins of plant or chemical origin.

Also, poisoning can occur due to the use of products that have become poisonous under the influence of certain factors. For example, when potatoes are stored incorrectly, a strong toxic substance (solanine) is released in it, and fish, its milk, caviar or liver can also be poisonous.

Causes

Forecast and prevention

Food intoxications in children that are mild or moderate in nature, as a rule, end in a complete and trouble-free recovery of the baby. Sometimes after a toxic infection, unpleasant consequences remain, like.

If mushrooms were the source of poisoning, then the development of liver or kidney failure is likely. In especially severe clinical cases, there is a real risk of multiple organ failure, which requires urgent intensive care and even resuscitation. uh

In general, with fungal poisoning in children, the mortality rate is quite high, while with toxic infections it does not even reach one percent.

To prevent food intoxication among children, it is necessary to comply with the requirements regarding the storage, preparation and processing of food, drink only bottled or boiled water, and wash hands thoroughly. Food production and public catering should undergo periodic medical examinations.

On the part of parents, it would be useful to tell children about the existence of deadly berries, mushrooms and plants, as well as to prohibit the use of unfamiliar foods, berries, seeds, etc.

All activities should be carried out only according to medical prescriptions, therefore, the prescribed dosages and duration of treatment must be strictly observed. If the child is in serious condition, then specialized medical care should be provided exclusively in a hospital setting.

Well, you can never forget about the most important rules of prevention. Wash your hands often, follow hygiene rules and use only products that are safe for the child. A serious approach to prevention will help to avoid serious complications and irreversible toxic consequences.

Doctor Komarovsky's video about food poisoning in children:

Food poisoning is quite common, especially among young children. The same product, fresh at first glance, can manifest itself differently in the body of adults and babies: even a small concentration of “bad” bacteria can cause the latter to feel unwell, while an adult will not feel any changes. How to respond to the deterioration of the baby? How to identify and eliminate food poisoning in a child, the symptoms and treatment of which can vary dramatically depending on the type of toxic substances attacking the body?

Causes

If a child has food poisoning, the main reason for this is the consumption of stale foods, poorly washed fruits and vegetables, non-compliance with the technology during food preparation, and dirty hands. Once in a favorable environment, bacteria progress very quickly in their development, and in a short time on a small piece of delicacy there is a whole army of pathogenic invisible organisms.

Most often, the risk of poisoning increases in the warm season.

The most dangerous products are the following:

• Dairy products, ice cream;
• Eggs;
• All seafood, river fish;
• Meat products and semi-finished products;
• Vegetable products (greens, vegetables, berries, fruits);
• Any pastry with cream.

Even seemingly fresh foods that do not have a specific smell can cause poisoning in children. If, for example, a cake with cream has stood for a couple of hours on the table, it has not yet had time to deteriorate, but at a summer temperature of 30 degrees, staphylococcus bacteria have already settled on it, and for a small child they will be enough to get infected.

The main culprits of food poisoning are: staphylo and streptococci, botulinum, salmonella, escherchia, clostridia. This is not a complete list of bacteria that can settle in food and cause dangerous intestinal diseases.

Less often, poisoning can occur due to the consumption of poisonous plants and mushrooms, which the child could have inadvertently consumed.

Depending on the concentration of pathogenic bacteria that have entered the body with food, the first symptoms of food poisoning in children can manifest themselves after a different period of time: from half an hour to a day or more. More often, poisoning is characterized by an acute course, but it can also occur with mild symptoms, such as mild lethargy, loss of appetite.

For most types of infection with bacteria, the manifestation of the first symptoms is the same:

• The child develops lethargy, fatigue and drowsiness;
• There are sharp cutting pains in the abdomen, very young children at the same time tuck their legs under themselves and scream piercingly;
• Pallor appears, sometimes cyanosis of the lips and nails can be observed;
• Nausea increases, vomiting becomes more frequent, which does not always give relief;
• Frequent and loose stools, from light yellow to marsh green, sometimes with mucus impurities;
• Drying of mucous membranes, increased thirst;
• In particularly acute cases, convulsions and loss of consciousness may occur.

If a botulinum stick has entered the body, one of the first symptoms will be a decrease in vision, double vision. Breathing becomes difficult, it becomes difficult to swallow, speech is disturbed. Intestinal peristalsis can be disturbed, which leads to constipation and bloating. In severe condition, muscle paralysis develops, coordination fails.

Signs of poisoning with henbane or dope will manifest themselves within half an hour: dry mucous membranes of the mouth, the child cannot swallow, speech becomes slurred. The child is overexcited and delirious, sometimes all this is accompanied by hallucinations and convulsions. The pupils are dilated, when a flashlight beam is directed at them, they do not react to it.

Severe forms are accompanied by a violation of the heart.

When using the "wrong" mushrooms, the symptoms of poisoning in a child may appear at any time during the day. At the same time, severe pains in the abdomen, frequent loose stools, frequent vomiting, sometimes with an admixture of blood, will disturb, the person turns pale, the skin may acquire a bluish tint. Dehydration can lead to kidney failure. If a fly agaric enters the body, strong sweating is added to all the listed signs, the work of the heart is disturbed, hallucinations, convulsions appear. Often the liver can be affected, a sign of which is the yellowness of the skin.

First aid

At the first signs of food poisoning in young children, it is worth calling an ambulance - you can’t hope that it will go away on its own, medical care that is not provided on time can result in serious consequences.

What to do before the ambulance arrives:

1. Gastric lavage: this is a difficult task, but it requires mandatory implementation. Depending on the age of the child, he is given to drink for a short period of water at the rate of 100 ml for each year of life. Then, pressing your finger on the root of the child's tongue, induce him to vomit. Repeat the procedure until a clear transparent liquid appears. Additionally, you can add a tablespoon of soda to the water.
2. Removal of intoxication with sorbents: any drugs acceptable for a certain age of the child. The most affordable conventional activated carbon. Calculate the dosage according to the age of the victim, and his weight - this is usually written in the instructions.

Enterosorbents should always be in the family first aid kit, and in sufficient quantities. Any trips, trips out of town, to the sea, should be accompanied by these drugs - this is the first thing treatment begins with at home, or on long trips.

1. Drinking regimen: in case of poisoning, it is necessary to drink at least one and a half liters a day for a child under one year old, respectively, this amount increases for older generations. Why is water imbalance dangerous? With frequent vomiting and diarrhea, the body loses a lot of fluid, from which all useful salts are removed, the circulatory system is disturbed, the blood thickens, the organs are not able to “pump” it through themselves, as a result of which they do not receive nutrients. If the body does not receive enough fluid, it will gradually begin to turn off.

Another lifeline can be a cleansing enema. But not always the necessary devices are at hand. To carry out the procedure in the rectum, pour water, preferably cooled boiled (body temperature). After that, the child must go to the toilet. The procedure can be repeated. The last enema can be done with chamomile infusion.

Diagnostics

To find out the cause of food poisoning in children, symptoms that manifest themselves not only externally are studied. A number of laboratory measures are carried out: a study of blood and urine, the presence of a pathogen in feces and emetic impurities is checked. In case of poisoning with plant poisons, an analysis is carried out for the presence and type of toxins in the body.

Treatment

Due to the risk of complications after dehydration in children, treatment is preferably carried out in a hospital. Based on the symptoms that accompany food poisoning in a child, treatment is prescribed, which can be adjusted after receiving the results of the study.

What can be prescribed for ordinary poisoning:

• Enterosorbents (activated carbon, smecta, enterosgel);
• Antibacterial drugs (Enterol, Nifuroxazide, Enterofuril);
• With severe dehydration - droppers with sodium chloride and glucose.

In botulism, anti-botulinum serum is injected into the body. And there are some nuances here: if time allows to conduct tests and determine the type of disease, a drug is introduced to combat the corresponding type (there are only 3 of them in the territory of the post-Soviet space). In complicated cases, the attending physician takes responsibility for the introduction of three types of vaccines at once. At the same time, the medical staff should be ready to resuscitate the patient in case of an allergic reaction or anaphylactic shock.

If the poisoning is due to poisonous plants, the treatment process begins with the removal of toxins from the body with the appropriate antidote.

For any signs of poisoning, you do not need to self-medicate: give the baby antibiotics and painkillers, they will not only not improve the condition, but can also aggravate it!

In addition to drug therapy for at least two weeks, it is important to adhere to a strict diet:

• light pureed soups and cereals;
• boiled or steamed meat or fish of non-fat varieties;
• from flour you can only yesterday's bread and biscuit cookies;
• continue drinking.

Flour, sweet, fatty, spicy and salty foods should be removed from the menu. Dairy products are also excluded.

Prevention

To avoid such a fate as poisoning a child, and yourself, including, you should follow the simplest rules of hygiene. They will not require a lot of time, but will significantly reduce the risk of infection in the body.

How to deal with food poisoning in a child and preventive measures in more detail on the video:

Basic preventive measures:

• Clean hands. They need to be washed not only before eating, it is a mandatory procedure after visiting public places and the street, after using the toilet, after playing with animals, even if they live in an apartment and are considered clean. Hands should also be washed after touching raw food products: meat, fish, eggs, before preparing food.
• Raw animal products always contain various kinds of bacteria. Because of this, they should not be consumed in this form, especially eggs, which are the cause of salmonellosis. They must be heat treated.
• Fruits and vegetables are washed well and poured over with boiling water, the greens are thoroughly washed in running water.
• Do not leave meat and fish for defrosting in an open place, it is better to leave them in advance to thaw in the refrigerator, or if you have a microwave, defrost food in the appropriate mode.
• Any products that remain on the table must be covered - with a lid, a napkin.
• Fry meat and semi-finished products from it until the redness disappears - this is a guarantee that the bacteria will definitely die.
• Do not use swollen and "wrong"-looking canned food.
• Cuts or abscesses on the hands are a reason to cook with gloves, they can also become a source of infection.
• In a residential area, and in food storage areas, it is important to combat harmful insects and rodents.

And the main thing to remember your health and the health of your children is a serious responsibility, and the way you yourself treat this issue is also absorbed by children - they will not wash their hands after the street if you do not do it yourself. Therefore, it is important to observe cleanliness yourself and teach the younger generation to do so.

Regardless of age, children can develop digestive disorders. They are not something exceptional and occur even when taking a common product. All due to the fact that the child's immune system is not yet able to cope with all the irritating factors. It is useful for parents to know how to treat poisoning in children at home.

Important! Those products to which the stomach of an adult is completely calm can cause severe poisoning in a child. If there are signs of such a condition, treatment should be taken immediately.

Symptoms

You can talk about the treatment of poisoning at home in situations where it manifests itself in a mild form. But, if the child is less than five years old, then even with mild diarrhea, you should consult a doctor. Often, poisoning leads to dehydration of the child's body, and it poses a serious danger.

In what situations it is necessary to consult a doctor:

• diarrhea does not go away for two days;
• stools are frequent and accompanied by vomiting. In the vomit there is bile, blood;
• against the background of diarrhea, the child is very dizzy, perspiration appears, he is pale;
• rapid and intermittent breathing, rapid heartbeat;
• sharp and severe pain in the abdomen;
• in the feces there are impurities of blood, mucus;
• the child is so weak that he cannot stand and sit on his own;
• spasms of the muscles of the extremities occur;
• vision is disturbed, flies flash before the eyes.

Important! Within half an hour after eating, the first signs of poisoning may appear. They usually arrive within two hours. If the symptoms appear later, then this is not a food, but a bacterial or infectious poisoning.

Food poisoning in a child - Dr. Komarovsky (video)

The famous doctor Komarovsky says that with symptoms of food poisoning, you should consult a doctor:

• at elevated temperature;
• signs of food poisoning do not go away within a day;
• a child less than 3 years old and poisoning the whole family.

If less than half an hour has passed after taking an unsuitable product, you need to induce vomiting, if it doesn’t work, then drink activated charcoal. Do not give the child food, but drink more water. Give the child a solution of Regidron. From the temperature, you can take Paracetamol, Nurofen, Panadol.

First aid

The child must be put to bed and give him plenty of water with the addition of a small amount of lemon juice. You can also drink weak tea with honey or sugar, still water. Plenty of fluid is needed to prevent dehydration.

Important! It is necessary to try to keep the temperature of the drink close to body temperature. So the liquid is absorbed faster in the digestive tract.

A doctor should be called if the poisoning is severe or the child is less than five years old. While waiting for the doctor, you can take activated charcoal. One tablet is calculated per 10 kg of weight. More effective drugs are Enterosgel, Smecta, Atoxil. With painful sensations, you can massage the stomach above the navel.

Medicines for poisoning

The main tablets for poisoning are sorbents. It is necessary to give 1 tablet of activated charcoal per 10 kg of the child's weight. There can be no overdose from coal, but it causes constipation. Therefore, if you gave the required amount of coal, and the child vomited, you can give them again.

It is necessary to restore the intestinal microflora and alleviate the patient's condition:

1. Linex, Canadian yogurt, Acipol and other preparations containing lactobacilli and bifidobacteria.
2. Festal, Mezim promotes the breakdown of proteins and fats in the body.
3. Relieves spasms in case of No-shpa poisoning.

Important! Provide first aid by washing the stomach, but do not self-medicate, call an ambulance.

Decoctions for soldering

What decoctions of herbs will help:

• chamomile;
• Dill seeds;
• Oak bark;
• infusion of marshmallow roots;

Important! To prepare any kind of decoction, you need to pour a tablespoon of raw materials with a glass of boiling water, let it brew and cool slightly. You can add some honey to improve the taste.

Ginger tea

To a tablespoon of ginger powder (or grated root) add a glass of boiling water. Leave until the tea is warm, add a small spoonful of honey. Drink every hour a tablespoon.

It is not necessary for digestive problems to force the child to eat. An important contribution to how to treat poisoning in children at home is a restorative diet.

More about the recovery diet

Within six hours after poisoning, you can not eat. Then you should give the child only liquid or pureed food. You need to eat fractionally, up to eight times a day. It is imperative that during the period when home treatment of poisoning in children is carried out, it is necessary to give up sweet, dairy food, fresh bread, and fatty foods. This provokes fermentation processes in the intestines, which are not beneficial for recovery.

You can make porridge on the water, mashed vegetable soups, mashed boiled meat. You can eat bread, but yesterday's (preferably in the form of crackers), sour-milk products are allowed. Within three weeks after recovery, you should try to exclude fried and fatty foods from the child's diet, do not give raw vegetables and fruits. But diluted juices and compotes can be drunk after recovery.

Effective folk recipes

tincture of cinnamon

Cinnamon helps to relieve spasms, being a natural sorbent. You need to pour half a teaspoon of cinnamon powder with boiling water, mix. Leave for a quarter of an hour, then strain. Take warm in small sips. During the day you need to drink one and a half liters of tincture.

Dill with honey

This decoction will quickly remove toxins, alleviate the state of vomiting, up to complete relief. Honey will help retain potassium, which is actively excreted from the body during diarrhea. You need a teaspoon of dill seeds pour 400 ml of boiling water. Leave for a few minutes, boil for two minutes, add a small spoonful of honey. Drink warm in the amount of a liter per day.

Lemon juice

Squeeze the juice from three lemons, dilute with water, add sugar or honey to taste. Drink in one gulp to stop the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria. But this method of treatment is not suitable for increased acidity of the stomach, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

What will help in the prevention of food poisoning in children:

1. Teach your child to wash their hands before eating.
2. Do not give your child unprocessed food.
3. Children should not eat raw eggs, soft-boiled eggs or fried eggs.
4. View and check product expiration dates.
5. It is forbidden to store open dairy products for more than a day, even in the refrigerator.
6. Do not store fish and meat with other products. Separate shelves should be allocated in the refrigerator for animal food.
7. Wash fruit with soap and running water.
8. Drink only bottled water.
9. Do not store food in the room: hide all leftover food in the refrigerator.
10. Even sweets must be fresh.

Other poisonings in children

Separately, it is worth mentioning the poisoning of children with naphthyzinum due to the fact that parents quite often use it in the treatment of rhinitis in children.

Symptoms of naphthyzinum poisoning

The first symptoms of an overdose are:

• weak state, lethargy, loss of strength, capriciousness;
• headaches, pain and cramps in the abdomen;
• nausea, vomiting, temperature below 36.6;
• weak heartbeat, low blood pressure;
• loss of appetite, constant desire to sleep;
• pupils become slightly smaller;
• pallor, change in the skin (moist, cold skin).

All symptoms should be carefully monitored and first aid should be provided.

Naphthyzinum poisoning - treatment

The first degree of poisoning does not require an ambulance. In the second or third degree, it is necessary to call the medical team urgently. At the first sign of poisoning, you must:

• make sure that the child does not lose consciousness;
• give more water (boiled);
• monitor breathing and heart rate;
• cover the child with a warm blanket;
• control the pulse.

In case of poisoning, an antidote is administered intravenously. It is an antidote, the effect of which depends on the exact definition of the substance (which became the cause) and how quickly help is provided. Only a doctor has the right to give it. But in case of Naphthyzinum poisoning, there is no antidote, the child is treated symptomatically. Call the ambulance. The wrong dose of the drug is fatal to the child. Calculate the dose depending on body weight.

Consequences of poisoning

An overdose of Naphthyzinum leads to serious consequences if you do not respond in time to the symptoms that appear. Cases of severe damage to the central nervous system, coma have been recorded. Frequent side effects are poisoning. Do not leave the drug in a place accessible to children. Do not exceed the dose, the drug is addictive.

Gasoline poisoning in children

First of all, the child needs oxygen. Take him outside or open all the windows and doors in the room. Make injections of Cytiton, Cordiamin, 5% glucose solution. It is necessary to do a gastric lavage. It is recommended to take laxatives and give an enema.

Phenazepam poisoning

Phenazepam is contraindicated in children under 18 years of age. From phenazepam poisoning, 20% of cases were recorded. The consequences of taking lead to deafness, hallucinations, lethargy, disorientation in space, coma. If a child has been poisoned by phenazepam, it is necessary to give a liter of water to drink and induce vomiting, monitor breathing, pressure, control the position of the tongue (to prevent retraction).

These are the main options and the first methods of treating poisoning in a child at home. For small children, even in case of mild poisoning, it is imperative to call a doctor. Regardless of age, you need to be able to provide the child with competent first aid.

The child's body has not yet developed immunity to all common bacteria, it is simply in its infancy and is unable to resist harmful microorganisms from the outside. Therefore, food poisoning in a child is a phenomenon that occurs much more often than in an adult. Most often, poisoning in a baby occurs due to excessive love for trying everything that comes across on a tooth, bacteria also enter the stomach with food. Dislike for washing hands, dirty toys, dusty products lead to an instant reaction of the body to the microbes that have got inside.

Symptoms when sending a baby

Poisoning in a child occurs more often than in an adult and is more severe. The children's body is more sensitive to pathogens and toxins. The most common microbes that cause poisoning: staphylococcus aureus, salmonella, E. coli, botulism bacillus.

The most favorable habitat and reproduction of almost all bacteria are products, namely: food of animal origin: meat of all varieties, dairy products, eggs, plant foods, salads.

Any failure in the health of the baby causes a violent, often uncontrollable reaction from the parents. The first step is to overcome the panic attack and begin consistent treatment for your child. The main thing to remember is a few rules: when all kinds of home remedies and procedures do not have the desired effect, it is urgent to call a pediatrician; under the age of 3 years, a child with poisoning is treated only in a hospital.

The child's body reacts very sharply and quickly to various foreign microorganisms, so a protective reaction will not take long. The minimum period of time for which symptoms appear is a few hours, the maximum - after 24 hours. Symptoms of poisoning in a child usually begin with vomiting. If, with a short frequency, your baby has repeated involuntary eruption of the contents of the stomach more than three times, all this is accompanied by an increased body temperature, it can be unconditionally asserted that an intoxication process has occurred.

Signs of food poisoning in children in a mild form are characterized by lethargy of the baby, refusal to eat, there is a possibility of allergic reactions on the skin, slight swelling, the pulse and breathing rate increases. At the first manifestations of these symptoms, it is necessary to immediately take appropriate measures to prevent them. The most aggressive and frightening signs of poisoning are nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. All of them dehydrate the body, the consequences of which can be especially detrimental. A lack of fluid can cause blood clots to form in the blood vessels (thrombi). If the baby began to vomit profusely and diarrhea, in such a situation, urgent hospitalization is required.

Dangerous symptoms of food poisoning in children:

• increased vomiting;
• diarrhea (incontinence, loose stools, pain during bowel movements);
• the baby begins to hurt the tummy;
• the child's temperature rises;
• symptoms of dehydration appear - pressure decreases, dries up in the oral cavity, the child becomes weak, lethargic, inactive, capricious, pale skin color is observed.

Diarrhea and fever appear already at the moment when the infection has absorbed almost the entire body of the baby. Pathogenic microorganisms, as a result of their vital activity, release toxins that react with the mucosa in the stomach and intestines. This becomes clear with the appearance of symptoms in case of poisoning in children.

Symptoms of botulinum bacillus poisoning also apply to:

• larynx - it hurts the child to swallow;
• eyes - the effect of a forked picture;
• respiratory tract - normal breathing is disturbed;
• speech - a speech defect is manifested.

When using the same product, babies can have both similar and different signs of poisoning. Symptoms and treatment are continuously connected, but the fact that therapy must be prescribed immediately.

What causes poisoning

Food poisoning occurs as a result of food containing toxins or pathogens entering the stomach. Negative products:

• initially poisonous - all kinds of prohibited plants from mushrooms, berries, derivatives of animal substances;
• food contaminated with microbes that has not undergone proper heat treatment;
• food that has become unusable due to the expiration date.

Poisoning in children is isolated into a separate disease called toxic infection. The main causative agents of this disease are staphylococcus aureus, salmonella, strains of Escherichia coli. When these bacteria enter food, the released toxins saturate the food and, entering the body, cause poisoning.

The baby's body is much weaker than the body of an adult, so products that do not cause any bad reaction in a stronger person can poison the child. The list of dangerous foods for a child includes the following:

• dairy products, special attention to cottage cheese and ice cream;
• animal products, eggs;
• varieties of fish and seafood;
• any kind of meat;
• greens and salads;
• all kinds of sweets, cakes, cream cakes.

In order to prevent your child's body from poisoning, you do not need to completely exclude this food from the diet, it is enough to properly store food, monitor expiration dates, observe the correct cooking temperature, do not instill "fast food" and monitor the baby's hygiene.

The first thing to do when a baby is poisoned

Before applying independent emergency measures to save your child from the symptoms of poisoning, children under the age of 3 years must be urgently hospitalized.

Gastric lavage for a baby and concomitant therapy at home is strictly prohibited.

What should be done as a first aid to an injured child in case of poisoning?

• First of all, a small patient requires immediate gastric lavage. To do this, you will need to prepare 1 liter of warm water with a few drops of a manganese solution (necessarily liquid) or instead add one teaspoon of baking soda. After the baby drinks all the prepared liquid, he needs to induce a gag reflex. One way to induce vomiting is to press the root of the tongue several times.
• The second urgent measure, what to do with food poisoning, is taking medications, namely enterosorbents. The active substance of this medicine absorbs all the toxins from the stomach that the bacteria have released.

The most famous and widely available sorbent is ordinary activated carbon. It is so safe that it is legal even for babies under one year old. As with any other drug, the dosage is important, the amount of the drug depends on how much the child weighs and how old he is.

In case of poisoning in a child under 7 years old, the dosage of activated charcoal is 5 grams three times a day, for children over the age of seven, the required dose is equal to 1 tablet for every 10 kg of weight. It is difficult for a child to swallow a huge tablet, so it can be dissolved in water or replaced with drugs of a different form (powder, granule, gel). Enterosorbent intake begins after the complete cessation of vomiting, in between meals and other medications, about a couple of hours before or after.

When first aid for food poisoning has already been provided to a child, in parallel with taking a sorbent, it is important to prevent possible dehydration of the body.

This will require every fifteen minutes to give the baby a sip of water. A decoction of rice, rosehip tincture, lightly brewed black tea, fights very well with replenishing the lack of fluid in the body, glucose solutions and powdered water-salt solutions that can be purchased at a pharmacy have the same effect. The required amount of solution is calculated based on the weight of the baby: the smaller the child, the less volume he needs to prepare and give him all to drink within 4 hours. The drug is taken, alternating with a little sweet tea.

When increasing the volume of liquid, remember that an excessive amount of it can provoke repeated vomiting. The procedure to combat dehydration is carried out after each diarrhea, pouring 10 ml of drink into the child for every kilogram of the body. A signal that the balance of water in the body has been restored is a complete stop of vomiting and diarrhea.

If you cannot help the child on your own or the proposed treatment does not have the desired effect, it is likely that the baby has problems with appendicitis or the symptoms that appear resemble infectious toxic shock. In this case, you should immediately call an ambulance. Until the doctor arrives, it is important not to forget:

• about drinking plenty of water in small doses, in a volume approximately equal to two teaspoons, every five minutes;
• if possible, avoid excessive sweating; for children, it is important that there is a cool, ventilated room;
• when the body temperature is higher than 38.5 degrees, it is worth starting to give the baby antipyretic drugs.

First aid for poisoning a child up to a year old - with vomiting, you should put the baby on a barrel so that the erupting masses do not allow him to choke.

Complex therapy of poisoning in a child

When the first symptoms of poisoning have already appeared, the main question remains: “how to treat food poisoning?”. It doesn't matter if you are poisoned or a child, but general primary care requires gastric lavage in order to rid the body of further action of pathogenic microbes. Washing is carried out with a large amount of warm liquid, in order to calculate the required volume, you need to take into account the age and weight of the baby. The younger the patient, the smaller the volume of liquid per 1 kilogram of weight will need to be drunk. After complete emptying of the stomach, sorbents can be taken.

You can rinse when toxic substances entered the body no more than two hours earlier, later the method of cleaning the intestines with an enema is used. The procedure is as follows:

• the temperature of the liquid should be slightly lower than room temperature;
• put the baby on the left side and slowly insert the tip of the enema, after lubricating it with cream;
• after you release all the prepared liquid, you can take out the enema and connect the baby's buttocks for a few minutes.

When the desired effect is provided, the intestines are completely cleansed, you can also give drugs with a sorbing effect.

In case of poisoning, many patients are tormented by an inner voice that it is better to go on a strict diet than to treat your body. Do not test this on children! A complete refusal of food is not recommended, after you notice an improvement in the baby’s condition, there are no more vomiting, you can safely feed him.

An important criterion in the preparation of nutrition during the treatment period is the reference to the fact that the child's gastrointestinal tract has suffered, toxins have well injured the mucous membrane and therefore food products should be less aggressive. The patient's diet during therapy consists of the following products:

• liquid and semi-liquid meatless dishes;
• crushed, pureed food as much as possible - vegetable, fruit components, all kinds of cereals are ground into a uniform mass;
• meat and fish dishes are also used in a carefully chopped form, so that the dish resembles a soufflé;
• baby food is an excellent option for a therapeutic diet;
• baked liver responds well to fermented milk products;
• it is not recommended to eat fats in their pure form, only as part of complex component dishes, with heat treatment;
• any carbohydrates cause the fermentation process with discomfort; it is better not to use them;
• products that provoke increased gas formation should be excluded.

When such an unpleasant situation happened to the child, at the moments of the acute phase, elevated temperature, the baby's nutrition should be fractional and frequent (every couple of hours), and the diet should not be changed for the entire period, how long the poisoning lasts. This will help to quickly restore the digestive functions of the body. When your baby refuses to eat, do not force him to eat. It is likely that he listens to his body and at the moment any food can serve as a "red rag" for the gag reflex and diarrhea. Liquid will help to fill the lack of food. With the gradual recovery of the baby, you can slowly transfer him to the usual healthy diet.

Poisoning can manifest itself not only externally, but also internally, when, with the loss of fluid, the baby is deprived of many vitamins. Therefore, vitamin complex preparations are connected to complex therapy.

Preventive measures to prevent poisoning

We have already figured out how to treat poisoning, but any healing is the result of an incorrect and imprudent habitual way of life. In order to prevent disastrous consequences, it is necessary to follow certain rules of preventive therapy. Often, childhood poisoning is more dependent on parental care and the hygiene created by them, and can manifest itself due to banal non-compliance with the rules of maintaining health. Prevention of poisoning in children is as follows:

• wash your hands before eating, after visiting the toilet room, upon returning from a walk, after contact with animals;
• thoroughly wash fresh herbs, vegetables and fruits, it is allowed to wash some of them with soap or pour boiling water for several minutes;
• undercooked meat, fish, animal products should not be given to children;
• check the expiration dates on the goods, follow the rules for storing products;
• do not leave cooked dishes open, either on the table or in the refrigerator.

Even the most caring parents are sometimes unable to protect their child from an unpleasant gastrointestinal disease. Do not despair, because proper therapy and parental care will help you quickly cope with the disease and restore health to your child.