By-products from the production of DMSO paper. Instructions for use of Dimethyl sulfoxide (Dimexide). "Suppositories Propolis D"

It was first synthesized in 1866 by Russian chemist Alexander Zaitsev by oxidizing dimethyl sulfide with nitric acid. Over the next few decades, studies of the properties of this compound were not systematic. Interest in dimethyl sulfoxide increased greatly after its unique solvent properties were discovered in 1958. In 1960, industrial production of dimethyl sulfoxide began. After this, the number of publications devoted to the study of the properties of DMSO increased sharply.

Receipt

In laboratory conditions, potassium periodate can be used in an organic solvent-water system for the mild and selective oxidation of dimethyl sulfide. However, laboratory methods for obtaining DMSO have no practical significance. This is due to the inconvenience of working with dimethyl sulfide, as well as the low commercial cost of the finished solvent.

Physical and chemical properties

DMSO is a viscous, colorless liquid with a characteristic odor. When mixed with water it becomes very hot. Reacts with methyl iodide to form sulfoxonium ion, which is capable of reacting with sodium hydride.

Application

Use as a solvent

DMSO is an important bipolar aprotic solvent. It is less toxic than other members of this group, such as dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, HMPTA. Due to its strong solvent properties, DMSO is often used as a solvent in chemical reactions involving inorganic salts, particularly in nucleophilic substitution reactions. The acidic properties of DMSO are weak, so it has become an important solvent in the chemistry of carbon anions. Nonaqueous pKa values for hundreds of organic compounds have been measured in DMSO.

Due to its high boiling point, DMSO evaporates extremely slowly at normal atmospheric pressure. This makes it a very convenient solvent for reactions when heated. At the same time, the rather high melting point limits its use at low temperatures. After the reaction is carried out in a DMSO solution, reaction mixtures are most often diluted with water to precipitate organic substances.

The deuterated form of DMSO, also known as DMSO-d6, is a convenient solvent for NMR spectroscopy due to its high solubility for a wide range of substances, the simplicity of its own spectrum, and its stability at high temperatures. The disadvantages of DMSO-d6 as a solvent for NMR spectroscopy are its high viscosity, which broadens the signals in the spectrum, and its high boiling point, which makes it difficult to reverse isolate the substance after analysis. Often DMSO-d6 is mixed with CDCl 3 or CD 2 Cl 2 to reduce viscosity and melting point.

DMSO is finding more and more uses in microelectronics manufacturing.

DMSO as a paint stain remover is more effective and safer than gasoline or dichloromethane.

Application in biology

DMSO is also used as a cryoprotectant. It is added to the cell medium to prevent damage to cells when they are frozen. Approximately 10% DMSO can be used to safely cool cells, as well as to store them at liquid nitrogen temperature.

Application in medicine

As a medicine, purified dimethyl sulfoxide is used in the form of aqueous solutions (10-50%), as a local anti-inflammatory and analgesic, and also as part of ointments to increase the transdermal transfer of active substances, since it penetrates the skin in a few seconds and transports other substances. The trade name of the drug is “Dimexide”.

Application in military affairs

Due to its ability to dramatically enhance transdermal transport, dimethyl sulfoxide has been considered a chemical weapons component. The goal was to achieve a high rate of penetration of the agent into the body by mixing agents (especially those with a pronounced skin-resorptive effect) and dimethyl sulfoxide. Thus, one drop of a substance mixed with dimethyl sulfoxide (that is, a smaller dose) causes the death of an experimental animal twice as fast as the same drop of pure chemical agent. (Dick Francis' detective story "Preliminary Arrival" describes the formulation of a toxic composition that penetrates the skin, one of the components of which is dimethyl sulfoxide.)

Cleaning

In addition to water impurities, dimethyl sulfoxide may also contain dimethyl sulfide and sulfones. These impurities are disposed of by incubating DMSO for 12 hours over barium oxide, sodium hydroxide, dryerite, or fresh activated alumina. After this, the substance is distilled under reduced pressure (~2-4 mm Hg, boiling point approximately 50

Name	Packing	Price
Dimethyl sulfoxide (Dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO) made in China	PET bottle 500g.	370 RUR/pack.
	PET bottle 1kg.	680 RUR/pack.
	Canister 25kg.	350 rub/kg.
	Barrel 200kg	320 rub/kg.

Dimethyl sulfoxide (abbreviated DMSO) is a highly polar and water-miscible organic liquid. It is essentially odorless and has a low level of toxicity. Like all dipolar aprotic solvents, DMSO has a relatively high boiling point.
When mixed with water, noticeable heating occurs. Reacts with methyl iodide to form sulfoxonium ion, which is capable of reacting with sodium hydride.

Synonyms: methanesulfinylmethane, methyl sulfoxide, dimethyl (oxido) sulfur, DMSO, Dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO.

Applications of dimethyl sulfoxide

Dimethyl sulfoxide is an excellent solvent for the preparation of active pharmaceutical ingredients and intermediates. Many specific reactions are most efficient in DMSO, resulting in higher product yields. DMSO's high polarity allows it to dissolve many compounds that other solvents cannot. DMSO itself is a reagent in a class of environmentally friendly oxidation reactions.
The powerful soluble properties of DMSO allow for high active loading, resulting in highly concentrated drugs in agrochemical formulations. DMSO is a safe and effective solvent for liquid formulations for a number of active ingredients used in herbicides, insecticides and fungicidal formulations, including propiconazole, pinoxaden, pyroxasulfone, mentaconazole, imazafar, imazamethabenzmethyl, tribupyrimphos, cyfluthrin, glyphophate and imidacloprid.

Dimethyl sulfoxide as a cryopreservative

DMSO has the unusual ability to dramatically lower the freezing point of water, preserving the viability of many types of cells and tissues. It is added to the cell medium to prevent damage to cells when they are frozen. Approximately 10% DMSO can be used to safely cool cells and also to store them at liquid nitrogen temperature. This has led to its use in cryopreservation media for stem cells derived from human umbilical cord blood and reproductive tissue.

Dimethyl sulfoxide as a solvent

For polymer production and processing, DMSO is used to produce carbon fiber and some high-performance polymers. Because it can dissolve
many polymers, DMSO can be used to cast polymer films and fibers useful in making purification membranes. DMSO can be used to clean up polymer residues (polyurethane/polyester) from manufacturing parts.

It is less toxic than other members of this group, such as dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, HMPTA. Due to its strong solvent properties, DMSO is often used as a solvent in chemical reactions involving inorganic salts, particularly in nucleophilic substitution reactions. The acidic properties of DMSO are weak, so it has become an important solvent in the chemistry of carbon anions. Non-aqueous pKa values for hundreds of organic compounds have been measured in DMSO

DMSO is a more effective and safer paint stain remover than gasoline or dichloromethane.

Along with nitromethane, DMSO is also a means of removing “super glue” (hardened but still fresh) and uncured polyurethane foam. Apparently, DMSO reacts only with the external molecules of super-glue, thereby forming a barrier against the penetration of DMSO deeper (This is the only way to explain the extremely long removal of super-glue, which is effective only with prolonged rubbing of the super-glue surface with a cloth moistened with DMSO. Effect deeper penetration with abundant wetting with DMSO
not observed).

Dimethyl sulfoxide in cosmetology.

It has unique dissolving properties, therefore it is currently widely used in medicine and cosmetology. It easily and quickly (within a few seconds) penetrates intact skin, carrying the active substances of medicinal or cosmetic products dissolved in it inside. Thus, it increases the effectiveness of ointments, creams, solutions - sharply increasing the rate of penetration of active substances through the skin barrier. In addition, DMSO has an anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect and is harmful to many bacteria. DMSO in its pure form, if it gets on the skin, can cause irritation, so for medicinal purposes its aqueous solutions of varying concentrations are most often used, usually from 10 to 70 percent.

Dimethyl sulfoxide in plant growing.

The use of DMSO as a membrane permeator creates a "sponge" effect. The plant quickly absorbs nutrients through the leaf surface. DMSO is effective in delivering nutrients to the plant’s metabolic system and pulls the substances in which it is dissolved through the membranes. Once in the cell, they are included in the physiological processes occurring in it, thereby increasing the activity of enzymes, activating respiration processes, the synthesis of proteins and carbohydrates, and activate the processes of formation of the area of the leaf apparatus, increasing the productivity of photosynthesis. DMSO is a source of organic sulfur. The plant uses sulfur to continually create new healthy cells and replace old ones. Without sulfur, the body will produce weak and low-functioning cells. Sulfur maintains the permeability of cell membranes. DMSO ensures that nutrients enter the cell and effectively remove toxins and waste products. DMSO is safe - it does not accumulate in the plant (during foliar feeding, no traces of DMSO were found in the plants).

Application phases

In autumn, 2...3 weeks before the onset of frost:

winter wheat, triticale, rye, winter barley - in the tillering phase;
winter rapeseed - in the phase of 4...6 true leaves;

In spring:

winter and spring wheat, triticale, rye, barley - in the tillering phase;
corn - in the phase of 5...7 leaves;
sunflower - in the phase of 6...8 leaves;
rapeseed - in the phase of 6...8 true leaves.

Doses for foliar feeding are from 0.006 kg to 0.04 per 1 liter of solution. (concentration depends on water quality) Costs per 1 Ha from 149 rubles Correct and timely use of the tank mixture guarantees an increase in frost and drought resistance of plants by 25% -30%. Maintains a prolonged effect throughout the entire growing season. The use of DMSO allows you to reduce the dosage and save money for the enterprise plant protection products up to 1/2 of the minimum recommended by the manufacturer plant nutrition elements by 30%.

Application of dimethyl sulfoxide in leather production

In experiments with leather tissue, it was found that DMSO greatly enhances the passage of water through it. For example, the rate of water penetration through the stratum corneum of tissue when using dimethyl sulfoxide in solution increases 125 times. It is obvious that dimexide overcomes the skin barrier through follicles and intercellular spaces.
In addition to its great “transport capacity,” dimethyl sulfoxide can create complexes with metal ions of variable valence, for example, chromium ions, and bind to the peptide groups of collagen. The described properties of dimethyl sulfoxide make it possible to use it in the process of tanning hides at the stage of processing the skin before the start of chrome tanning and directly in tanning the leather itself. During the study, it was found that the use of dimexide and its homologue during tanning leads to an improvement in the quality of tanned leather and a reduction in tanning time and reducing the content of chromium oxide in the spent tanning agent solution. Leathers tanned with chrome using dimethyl sulfoxide (dimexide) have better physical, mechanical and hygienic properties, and the chromium oxide content in the leather increases.

Application of dimethyl sulfoxide in biology

DMSO is used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to inhibit the pairing of parent DNA molecules. It is added to the PCR mixture before the start of the reaction, where it interacts with complementary sections of DNA, preventing them from pairing and reducing the number of side processes.

Use of dimethyl sulfoxide in medicine

As a medicine, purified dimethyl sulfoxide is used in the form of aqueous solutions (10-50%), as a local anti-inflammatory and analgesic, and also as part of ointments - to increase the transdermal transfer of active substances, since within a few
seconds penetrates the skin and transports other substances. The trade name of the drug is “Dimexide”.

Dimethyl sulfoxide in military affairs

Due to its ability to dramatically enhance transdermal transport, dimethyl sulfoxide has been considered a chemical weapon component. The goal was to achieve a high rate of penetration of the agent into the body by mixing agents (especially those with a pronounced skin-resorptive effect) and dimethyl sulfoxide. Thus, one drop of the substance VX mixed with dimethyl sulfoxide (that is, a smaller dose) causes the death of an experimental animal twice as fast as the same drop of pure OM. (Dick Francis' detective story, Preliminary Drive, describes the formulation of a toxic compound that penetrates the skin, one of the components of which is dimethyl sulfoxide.) Adding 10% DMSO to mustard gas doubles the depth of mustard gas damage to the skin.

History of the creation of dimethyl sulfoxide

Dimethyl sulfoxide was first synthesized in 1866 by Russian chemist Alexander Zaitsev by oxidation with dimethyl sulfide nitric acid. Over the next few decades, studies of the properties of this compound were not systematic. Interest in dimethyl sulfoxide increased greatly after its unique solvent properties were discovered in 1958. In 1960, industrial production of dimethyl sulfoxide began. After this, the number of publications devoted to the study of the properties of DMSO increased sharply.

Production methods

The main method for producing DMSO is the oxidation of dimethyl sulfide. In industry, this process is carried out using nitric acid. DMSO is a by-product of the pulp and paper industry. Annual production of DMSO is measured in tens of thousands of tons.
In laboratory conditions, methods for obtaining DMSO have no practical significance. This is due to the inconvenience of working with dimethyl sulfide, as well as the low commercial cost of the finished solvent.

Safety

May be skin irritant, especially when exposed to undiluted DMSO.

Dimethyl sulfoxide easily penetrates intact skin, so solutions of toxic substances in DMSO can cause poisoning if they come into contact with the skin (transdermally).

Keep away from open flames, hot surfaces and ignition sources.

Where to buy dimethyl sulfoxide in Novosibirsk?

The Sibtekhnopharm organization sells these products from its warehouse in Novosibirsk in various packaging. In the online store "For Business" you can buy dimethyl sulfoxide in retail containers: 200g, 500g, 1kg, as well as in cans and barrels of 25kg. and 180kg. For regional buyers, this type of product is shipped by transport companies or by mail.

Formula: C2H6OS, chemical name: Sulfinylbis[methane].
Pharmacological group: organotropic agents/dermatotropic agents.
Pharmacological action: anti-inflammatory.

Pharmacological properties

Dimethyl sulfoxide has local anti-inflammatory, local anesthetic, fibrinolytic and antimicrobial (antiseptic) effects. Dimethyl sulfoxide passes well and quickly through biological membranes, including mucous membranes and skin, and increases their permeability to other drugs. Dimethyl sulfoxide changes the sensitivity of microflora, which is resistant to antibiotics. In many cases, dimethyl sulfoxide is used together with other drugs (previously applying dimethyl sulfoxide to the skin or dissolving in dimethyl sulfoxide) for deeper and better penetration into tissues (for example, with glucocorticoids for eczema, with heparin for thrombophlebitis, with antimicrobial agents for erysipelas, furunculosis , acne and other combinations).

Indications

Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis deformans, ankylosing spondylitis, reactive synovitis, scleroderma, radiculitis, erythema nodosum, erysipelas, discoid lupus erythematosus, sprains, bruises, inflammatory edema, purulent wounds, infiltrates (including traumatic), burns, thrombophlebitis, trophic ulcers, eczema, pustular skin pathology (furunculosis, pyoderma - as part of complex treatment), acne, in skin-plastic surgery for preservation of skin homografts, in dentistry - inflammatory diseases of the salivary glands, maxillofacial area, periodontitis, periodontitis, pulpitis, arthrosis and arthritis temporomandibular joint.

Method of administration of dimethyl sulfoxide and dose

Dimethyl sulfoxide is used in the form of skin applications. Wet the wipes in a solution of the required concentration (usually a 50% solution, and for highly sensitive areas (facial skin and other areas) use a 10-30% solution) and apply to the affected area for 10-30 minutes once a day; the napkins are covered with plastic wrap, and linen or cotton cloth is placed on top. The course of therapy is 10–15 procedures.
If allergic reactions to dimethyl sulfoxide develop, it is necessary to use antihistamines. To assess individual tolerance, a drug test is carried out: using a cotton swab, a dimethyl sulfoxide solution is applied to the skin; the appearance of severe itching and redness indicates increased sensitivity. Some patients do not tolerate the smell of dimethyl sulfoxide and develop nausea and vomiting.

Contraindications for use

Hypersensitivity, myocardial infarction, severe renal and/or liver failure, angina pectoris, glaucoma, severe atherosclerosis, cataracts, coma, stroke, breastfeeding, pregnancy.

Restrictions on use

Age up to 18 years (safety and effectiveness of use have not been established).

Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding

The use of dimethyl sulfoxide is contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Side effects of dimethyl sulfoxide

Itchy dermatitis, dry skin, skin rashes, itching, mild burning, bronchospasm.

Interaction of dimethyl sulfoxide with other substances

Dimethyl sulfoxide is compatible with antibacterial drugs, heparin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Dimethyl sulfoxide increases absorption and enhances the effect of other co-administered drugs. Dimethyl sulfoxide increases the sensitivity of microorganisms to beta-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics, rifampicin, chloramphenicol, griseofulvin.

History of the study

Receipt

Physical and chemical properties

When mixed with water, noticeable heating occurs. Reacts with methyl iodide to form sulfoxonium ion, which is capable of reacting with sodium hydride.

Application

Use as a solvent

DMSO is finding more and more uses in microelectronics manufacturing.

DMSO as a paint stain remover is more effective and safer than gasoline or dichloromethane.

Along with nitromethane, DMSO is also a means of removing “super glue” (hardened but still fresh) and uncured polyurethane foam.

Application in biology

Application in medicine

Application in military affairs

Due to its ability to dramatically enhance transdermal transport, dimethyl sulfoxide has been considered a chemical weapons component. The goal was to achieve a high rate of penetration of the agent into the body by mixing agents (especially those with a pronounced skin-resorptive effect) and dimethyl sulfoxide. Thus, one drop of a substance mixed with dimethyl sulfoxide (that is, a smaller dose) causes the death of an experimental animal twice as fast as the same drop of pure chemical agent. (Dick Francis' detective story, Preliminary Drive, describes the formulation of a toxic compound that penetrates the skin, one of the components of which is dimethyl sulfoxide.) Adding 10% DMSO to mustard gas doubles the depth of mustard gas damage to the skin.

Cleaning

Safety

Dimethyl sulfoxide easily penetrates intact skin, so solutions of toxic substances in DMSO can cause poisoning if they come into contact with the skin (transdermally). May be skin irritant, especially when exposed to undiluted DMSO.

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Notes

Literature

Kukushkin Yu. N. Dimethyl sulfoxide is the most important aprotic solvent // Soros Educational Journal, 1997 , 9 , pp. 54-59.
Nesmeyanov A. N. Beginnings of organic chemistry. M.1969. T1, p. 211.
Gordon A., Ford R. The Chemist's Companion.//Translation into Russian by E. L. Rosenberg, S. I. Koppel. Moscow: Mir, 1976. - 544 p.

Excerpt characterizing Dimethyl sulfoxide

The Pavlograd Hussar Regiment was stationed two miles from Braunau. The squadron, in which Nikolai Rostov served as a cadet, was located in the German village of Salzenek. The squadron commander, captain Denisov, known throughout the cavalry division under the name Vaska Denisov, was allocated the best apartment in the village. Junker Rostov, ever since he caught up with the regiment in Poland, lived with the squadron commander.
On October 11, the very day when everything in the main apartment was raised to its feet by the news of Mack's defeat, at the squadron headquarters, camp life went on calmly as before. Denisov, who had lost all night at cards, had not yet come home when Rostov returned from foraging early in the morning on horseback. Rostov, in a cadet's uniform, rode up to the porch, pushed his horse, threw off his leg with a flexible, youthful gesture, stood on the stirrup, as if not wanting to part with the horse, finally jumped off and shouted to the messenger.
“Ah, Bondarenko, dear friend,” he said to the hussar who rushed headlong towards his horse. “Lead me out, my friend,” he said with that brotherly, cheerful tenderness with which good young people treat everyone when they are happy.
“I’m listening, your Excellency,” answered the Little Russian, shaking his head cheerfully.
- Look, take it out well!
Another hussar also rushed to the horse, but Bondarenko had already thrown over the reins of the bit. It was obvious that the cadet spent a lot of money on vodka, and that it was profitable to serve him. Rostov stroked the horse’s neck, then its rump, and stopped on the porch.
“Nice! This will be the horse!” he said to himself and, smiling and holding his saber, ran up onto the porch, rattling his spurs. The German owner, in a sweatshirt and cap, with a pitchfork with which he was clearing out manure, looked out of the barn. The German's face suddenly brightened as soon as he saw Rostov. He smiled cheerfully and winked: “Schon, gut Morgen!” Schon, gut Morgen! [Wonderful, good morning!] he repeated, apparently finding pleasure in greeting the young man.
– Schon fleissig! [Already at work!] - said Rostov with the same joyful, brotherly smile that never left his animated face. - Hoch Oestreicher! Hoch Russen! Kaiser Alexander hoch! [Hurray Austrians! Hurray Russians! Emperor Alexander, hurray!] - he turned to the German, repeating the words often spoken by the German owner.
The German laughed, walked completely out of the barn door, pulled
cap and, waving it over his head, shouted:
– Und die ganze Welt hoch! [And the whole world cheers!]
Rostov himself, just like a German, waved his cap over his head and, laughing, shouted: “Und Vivat die ganze Welt”! Although there was no reason for special joy either for the German, who was cleaning out his barn, or for Rostov, who was riding with his platoon for hay, both these people looked at each other with happy delight and brotherly love, shook their heads as a sign of mutual love and parted smiling - the German to the cowshed, and Rostov to the hut he occupied with Denisov.
- What is it, master? - he asked Lavrushka, Denisov’s lackey, a rogue known to the entire regiment.
- Haven't been since last night. That’s right, we lost,” Lavrushka answered. “I already know that if they win, they’ll come early to brag, but if they don’t win until morning, that means they’ve lost their minds, and they’ll come angry.” Would you like some coffee?
- Come on, come on.
After 10 minutes, Lavrushka brought coffee. They're coming! - he said, - now there’s trouble. - Rostov looked out the window and saw Denisov returning home. Denisov was a small man with a red face, shiny black eyes, and black tousled mustache and hair. He had an unbuttoned mantle, wide chikchirs lowered in folds, and a crumpled hussar cap on the back of his head. He gloomily, with his head down, approached the porch.
“Lavg’ushka,” he shouted loudly and angrily. “Well, take it off, you idiot!”
“Yes, I’m filming anyway,” Lavrushka’s voice answered.
- A! “You’re already up,” Denisov said, entering the room.
“A long time ago,” said Rostov, “I already went for hay and saw the maid of honor Matilda.”
- That's how it is! And I puffed up, bg "at, why" like a son of a bitch! - Denisov shouted, without pronouncing the word. - Such a misfortune! Such a misfortune! As you left, so it went. Hey, some tea!
Denisov, wrinkling his face, as if smiling and showing his short, strong teeth, began to ruffle his fluffy black thick hair with both hands with short fingers, like a dog.
“Why didn’t I have the money to go to this kg”ysa (the officer’s nickname),” he said, rubbing his forehead and face with both hands. “Can you imagine, not a single one, not a single one?” "You didn't give it.
Denisov took the lit pipe that was handed to him, clenched it into a fist, and, scattering fire, hit it on the floor, continuing to scream.
- Sempel will give, pag"ol will beat; Sempel will give, pag"ol will beat.
He scattered fire, broke the pipe and threw it away. Denisov paused and suddenly looked cheerfully at Rostov with his sparkling black eyes.
- If only there were women. Otherwise, there’s nothing to do here, just like drinking. If only I could drink and drink.
- Hey, who's there? - he turned to the door, hearing the stopped steps of thick boots with the clanking of spurs and a respectful cough.
- Sergeant! - said Lavrushka.
Denisov wrinkled his face even more.
“Skveg,” he said, throwing away a wallet with several gold pieces. “G’ostov, count, my dear, how much is left there, and put the wallet under the pillow,” he said and went out to the sergeant.
Rostov took the money and, mechanically, putting aside and arranging old and new gold pieces in piles, began to count them.
- A! Telyanin! Zdog "ovo! They blew me away!" – Denisov’s voice was heard from another room.
- Who? At Bykov’s, at the rat’s?... I knew,” said another thin voice, and after that Lieutenant Telyanin, a small officer of the same squadron, entered the room.
Rostov threw his wallet under the pillow and shook the small, damp hand extended to him. Telyanin was transferred from the guard for something before the campaign. He behaved very well in the regiment; but they did not like him, and in particular Rostov could neither overcome nor hide his causeless disgust for this officer.
- Well, young cavalryman, how is my Grachik serving you? – he asked. (Grachik was a riding horse, a carriage, sold by Telyanin to Rostov.)
The lieutenant never looked into the eyes of the person he was talking to; his eyes constantly darted from one object to another.
- I saw you passed by today...
“It’s okay, he’s a good horse,” Rostov answered, despite the fact that this horse, which he bought for 700 rubles, was not worth even half of that price. “She started falling on the left front...,” he added. - The hoof is cracked! It's nothing. I will teach you, show you which rivet to put.
“Yes, please show me,” said Rostov.
“I’ll show you, I’ll show you, it’s not a secret.” And you will be grateful for the horse.
“So I’ll order the horse to be brought,” said Rostov, wanting to get rid of Telyanin, and went out to order the horse to be brought.
In the entryway, Denisov, holding a pipe, huddled on the threshold, sat in front of the sergeant, who was reporting something. Seeing Rostov, Denisov winced and, pointing over his shoulder with his thumb into the room in which Telyanin was sitting, winced and shook with disgust.
“Oh, I don’t like the fellow,” he said, not embarrassed by the sergeant’s presence.
Rostov shrugged his shoulders, as if saying: “Me too, but what can I do!” and, having given orders, returned to Telyanin.
Telyanin was still sitting in the same lazy position in which Rostov had left him, rubbing his small white hands.
“There are such nasty faces,” Rostov thought as he entered the room.
- Well, did they tell you to bring the horse? - Telyanin said, getting up and looking around casually.
- I ordered it.
- Let's go on our own. I just came in to ask Denisov about yesterday’s order. Got it, Denisov?
- Not yet. Where are you going?
“I want to teach a young man how to shoe a horse,” said Telyanin.
They went out onto the porch and into the stables. The lieutenant showed how to make a rivet and went home.
When Rostov returned, there was a bottle of vodka and sausage on the table. Denisov sat in front of the table and cracked his pen on paper. He looked gloomily into Rostov's face.
“I’m writing to her,” he said.
He leaned his elbows on the table with a pen in his hand, and, obviously delighted at the opportunity to quickly say in words everything he wanted to write, expressed his letter to Rostov.
“You see, dg,” he said. “We sleep until we love. We are children of pg’axa... and I fell in love - and you are God, you are pure, as on the pieties day of creation... Who else is this? Drive him to Chog’tu. There’s no time!” he shouted at Lavrushka, who, without any timidity, approached him.
- Who should be? They ordered it themselves. The sergeant came for the money.
Denisov frowned, wanted to shout something and fell silent.
“Skveg,” but that’s the point,” he said to himself. “How much money is left in the wallet?” he asked Rostov.
– Seven new and three old.
“Ah, skveg” but! Well, why are you standing there, stuffed animals, let’s go to the sergeant,” Denisov shouted at Lavrushka.
“Please, Denisov, take the money from me, because I have it,” Rostov said, blushing.
“I don’t like to borrow from my own people, I don’t like it,” Denisov grumbled.
“And if you don’t take the money from me in a friendly manner, you’ll offend me.” “Really, I have it,” Rostov repeated.
- No, no.
And Denisov went to the bed to take out his wallet from under the pillow.
- Where did you put it, Rostov?
- Under the bottom pillow.
- No, no.
Denisov threw both pillows onto the floor. There was no wallet.
- What a miracle!
- Wait, didn’t you drop it? - said Rostov, lifting the pillows one by one and shaking them out.
He threw off and shook off the blanket. There was no wallet.
- Have I forgotten? No, I also thought that you were definitely putting a treasure under your head,” said Rostov. - I put my wallet here. Where is he? – he turned to Lavrushka.
- I didn’t go in. Where they put it is where it should be.
- Not really…
– You’re just like that, throw it somewhere, and you’ll forget. Look in your pockets.
“No, if only I hadn’t thought about the treasure,” said Rostov, “otherwise I remember what I put in.”
Lavrushka rummaged through the entire bed, looked under it, under the table, rummaged through the entire room and stopped in the middle of the room. Denisov silently followed Lavrushka’s movements and, when Lavrushka threw up his hands in surprise, saying that he was nowhere, he looked back at Rostov.
- G "ostov, you are not a schoolboy...
Rostov felt Denisov’s gaze on him, raised his eyes and at the same moment lowered them. All his blood, which was trapped somewhere below his throat, poured into his face and eyes. He couldn't catch his breath.
“And there was no one in the room except the lieutenant and yourself.” Here somewhere,” said Lavrushka.
“Well, you little doll, get around, look,” Denisov suddenly shouted, turning purple and throwing himself at the footman with a threatening gesture. “You better have your wallet, otherwise you’ll burn.” Got everyone!
Rostov, looking around Denisov, began to button up his jacket, strapped on his saber and put on his cap.
“I tell you to have a wallet,” Denisov shouted, shaking the orderly by the shoulders and pushing him against the wall.
- Denisov, leave him alone; “I know who took it,” said Rostov, approaching the door and not raising his eyes.
Denisov stopped, thought and, apparently understanding what Rostov was hinting at, grabbed his hand.
“Sigh!” he shouted so that the veins, like ropes, swelled on his neck and forehead. “I’m telling you, you’re crazy, I won’t allow this.” The wallet is here; I'll take the shit out of this mega-dealer, and it will be here.
“I know who took it,” Rostov repeated in a trembling voice and went to the door.
“And I’m telling you, don’t you dare do this,” Denisov shouted, rushing to the cadet to hold him back.
But Rostov snatched his hand away and with such malice, as if Denisov were his greatest enemy, directly and firmly fixed his eyes on him.
- Do you understand what you are saying? - he said in a trembling voice, - there was no one in the room except me. Therefore, if not this, then...
He couldn't finish his sentence and ran out of the room.
“Oh, what’s wrong with you and with everyone,” were the last words that Rostov heard.
Rostov came to Telyanin’s apartment.
“The master is not at home, they have left for headquarters,” Telyanin’s orderly told him. - Or what happened? - added the orderly, surprised at the upset face of the cadet.

Latin name: Dimethylsulfoxydum
International name: Dimethyl sulfoxide
ATX code: M02AX03
Active ingredient: Dimethyl sulfoxide
Manufacturer: Farmamed, Russia
Conditions for dispensing from a pharmacy: Over the counter
Price from 52 to 165 rub.

Medicinal properties

Dimethyl sulfoxide or DMSO is a drug that has an anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect. The drug has an antiseptic as well as fibrinolytic effect.

Dimexide penetrates the skin and mucous membranes, it helps to increase the permeability of other drugs. DMSO is included in the class of low-toxic drugs.

The drug is excreted by the kidneys in the form of dimethyl sulfone or dimethyl sulfate. May also be excreted in exhaled air.

Chemical properties

The chemical properties of DMSO are determined by its good solubility in water, ethanol, benzene and chloroform. When mixed with water, the solution becomes very hot. In addition, a good reaction of the active substance with methyl iodide is observed, with the formation of a sulfoxonium ion, which can interact with sodium hydride.

Dimexide solution

Price from 50 rub to 90 rub

Dimethyl sulfoxide (Dimexide) is a synthetic drug whose main active ingredient is dimethyl sulfoxide.

The solution for external use is produced in glass bottles of 100 ml. Each of which contains 100 ml of active substance.

Dimethyl sulfoxide solution is a viscous, colorless liquid with a characteristic odor.

After applications with DMSO, the drug enters the general bloodstream in approximately 15 minutes. The maximum concentration of the drug is observed after 2-8 hours. Often, dimethyl sulfoxide is not detected in the blood after 36 hours.

Directions for use and doses

The drug is used externally as applications. Prepare a solution of the required concentration (often 50%; for the face and other sensitive areas of the skin - a solution with a concentration of dimethyl sulfoxide of 10-30%), in which tampons or napkins are moistened and applied to the affected areas. The procedure takes from 10 to 30 minutes once a day. The napkins must be covered with a piece of film, then the compress is insulated with a cotton or linen cloth. The course of therapeutic therapy ranges from 10 to 15 procedures.

To achieve an analgesic effect, a 25-50% solution is used; each procedure will require 150 ml of the drug, which is carried out three times a day.

For pustular skin diseases, the affected areas are washed with a high concentration solution.

Gel 25% "Dimexide"

Average price from 129 to 165 rubles.

Price from 110 to 160 rubles The composition includes the active ingredient - dimethyl sulfoxide. Auxiliary components of the drug: nipazole, nipagin, carmellose sodium, water. Available in aluminum tubes of 30 g.

Dimexide gel has a transparent or light yellowish tint and has a slight specific odor.

When used externally, Dimexide enters the joint cavity, staying in the tissues or general bloodstream, and combines with proteins.

Directions for use and doses

For adults, as well as children over 12 years of age, it is recommended to apply a thin, even layer of gel to the affected area once or twice throughout the day. The course of treatment lasts up to two weeks. Repeated use is possible after a ten-day break.

Indications for use

Dimexide is widely used in the following cases:

Skin diseases characterized by the presence of an inflammatory process
Scleroderma (systemic)
Erythema (nodular type)
Pustular skin lesions
Furunculosis
Burns
Thrombophlebitis
Eczema of various natures, as well as acne
Trophic ulcers
Erysipelas.

According to the instructions, DMSO is used for a number of ailments of the musculoskeletal system, namely:

Arthritis (rheumatoid type)
Arthropathy
Deforming type osteoarthritis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Infiltrates with traumatic origin
Severe sprains and bruises
Exacerbation of radiculitis.

Dimexide is also widely used in plastic surgery, as it accelerates the healing process of grafts.

DMSO is successfully used in cosmetology; masks and balms are prepared on its basis. Thanks to the addition of this drug, it is possible to enhance the effect of cosmetics on the hair and skin.

Taking into account the chemical properties of the drug, as well as the individual characteristics of the skin, it is worth individually calculating the dosage of the drug.

Contraindications

DMSO is contraindicated in patients who have:

Impaired functioning of the kidneys and liver
Angina pectoris
There are severe symptoms of atherosclerosis
History of myocardial infarction
Development of diseases of the visual apparatus (glaucoma and cataracts)
Coma
Pregnancy or breastfeeding
Children's age up to 12 years.

During pregnancy and breastfeeding

Dimethyl sulfoxide should not be used during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Precautions

Dimethyl sulfoxide is used with caution with other drugs, since the drug can enhance their effects several times.

Before using Dimexide, it is necessary to test the tolerability of the drug.

Interaction with other drugs

DMSO can be used together with Heparin, NSAIDs, as well as antibiotics, which are represented by means for external use.

The drug helps improve absorption and enhance the effects of substances such as ethanol and insulin.

Dimeside increases the susceptibility of bacteria and other microorganisms to the effects of antibiotics (aminoglycoside and beta-lactam groups).

Dimethyl sulfoxide helps increase sensitivity to anesthetic drugs.

Side effects

Typically, an adverse reaction to the drug appears on the skin in the form of:

Allergic rashes
Dermatitis
Erythema
Excessive flaking and dryness
Burning sensations.

Overdose

Excessive intake of this drug into the body is often manifested by an allergic reaction and an increase in the side effects listed above.

In case of overdose, you should not take antiallergic drugs; DMSO should be discontinued.

Conditions and shelf life

It is recommended to store the solution at a temperature of 15 to 25°C out of the reach of children. At t-18°C, partial crystallization of dimethyl sulfoxide is possible. The use of the drug is allowed if it is heated in warm water.

The gel should be stored at temperatures below 25°C for 2 years from the date of manufacture.

Analogs

The drug Dimexide does not have structural analogues that include only dimethyl sulfoxide, but combination drugs containing this component are produced.

"Suppositories Propolis D"

LLC Materia Bio profi Center, Russia
Average price– 330 rub.

Suppositories for rectal or intravaginal use. The composition includes cocoa butter, dimethyl sulfoxide and propolis. Suppositories have anti-inflammatory, wound-healing and antiseptic effects.

Pros: