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The main signs of asthma

Bronchial asthma- a disease that occurs in a chronic form, affecting the respiratory system, manifested in attacks of suffocation, wheezing, and chronic cough. In this material, the main signs of the disease will be outlined. In addition, attention will be paid to how not to confuse them with signs of other ailments. Timely diagnosis of asthma is necessary to start therapy and prevent severe complications of the disease. Often, a preliminary diagnosis can be made only by studying the patient's condition at the consultation of a therapist. The most important and characteristic signs of the disease are observed during periods of attacks.

Name " bronchial asthma"is based on the Greek word for difficult breathing or suffocation. So, the name of the disease directly speaks of one of the main manifestations of the disease.

Symptoms of this disease vary in different phases of the course of the disease.
The phase of pre-excitation It is characterized by a chronic rhinitis of an allergic nature, an unproductive cough that is not relieved by the use of antitussive drugs. Such a cough often develops after a cure for an acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI), pneumonia or bronchitis. While coughing, the patient may experience breathing problems. Attacks of suffocation at this phase of the development of the disease are not yet observed. Cough, as well as heaviness of breathing, torment the patient in the dark.

As soon as the disease flows into the next phase, an attack becomes its main symptom. Next, the course of an asthma attack will be detailed.

Symptoms of an asthma attack

The course of an attack can be different in different patients. At the same time, the factors that accompany the development of an attack differ. If there is atopic form disease, then the attack is provoked by interaction with the allergen. If there is a disease, then an attack can be triggered by emotional overstrain against the background of a respiratory illness, and sometimes it develops for no apparent reason.

Sometimes, before an attack, the patient feels itching of the body, the flow of mucus from the nose, or pressure behind the sternum. Further, the signs of an attack grow rapidly: the patient experiences strong pressure behind the sternum, anxiety, it is difficult for him to breathe. With the appearance of such signs, the patient usually tries to take a sitting position with an emphasis on the hands. Thus, additional muscles are involved in the breathing process. With an increase in the strength of suffocation, breathing begins to be accompanied by wheezing and wheezing, distinguishable from several meters. It becomes very difficult for the patient to breathe. And it's easier to inhale. During an attack, the patient's chest is enlarged in size, as are the veins coming from the head. The attack can last for a very different time: from five minutes to several hours. Over time, the breathing process becomes more natural. At the end of the attack, a cough develops, accompanied by the evacuation of a small volume of thick and very clear mucus. In some cases, scraps of mucus are similar to cylinders in the shape of the airways.

The development of attacks of the disease always depends on the form in which the disease proceeds. If observed infectious-allergic form, signs of an attack appear and develop smoothly. If asthma atopic form, signs develop at lightning speed, immediately after interaction with the allergen.

asthmatic status is the most complex form of bronchial asthma
Asthmatic status is the longest and most difficult attacks. With such an attack, there is a possibility of death. The most difficult asthmatic status is in the elderly and in children.
Asthmatic status can develop under the influence of a variety of factors: respiratory diseases, refusal of special medications. The course of this attack occurs step by step. First, the patient's breathing worsens, the drugs stop helping, then breathing worsens very significantly, the respiratory muscles "get tired". If urgent treatment is not started, status asthmaticus leads to a coma and sometimes death. If a typical asthma attack lasts too long, and the medications used previously do not help, we can talk about the likelihood of developing status asthmaticus. In this case, you need to urgently call an ambulance and take the patient to the hospital, the patient needs to consult resuscitators.

Asthma symptoms between attacks

During these intervals, signs of the disease can be almost invisible. The main symptoms of asthma are a dry persistent cough, burning in the throat, rarely rhinitis.
If the patient has been suffering from asthma for many years, the blockage of the branches of the bronchial tree comes to an irreversible stage, and therefore shortness of breath can also be observed between attacks.

What diseases can be confused with bronchial asthma?

If the patient has a chronic cough, as well as attacks of respiratory failure, then such a course may indicate not only asthma, but also other diseases. It is also possible that the patient suffers from several diseases at once, the signs of which create such a difficult general symptomatology.

If bronchial asthma is suspected, the disease should be distinguished from pneumonia , inflammation of the bronchi in chronic or acute form, with tuberculosis, neurological diseases, heart failure, as well as foreign objects in the throat.

Name of the disease	Signs of the disease	Features of the disease
Bronchial asthma	Unproductive cough, asthma attacks. Discharge of a small amount of mucus with a very severe cough. Mucus appears after an attack, thick, glassy	The disease passes in a chronic form, the course is facilitated by the use of drugs that increase the lumen of the bronchi
Bronchitis in acute and chronic form	The main symptom of the disease is cough. Excretion of mucus in large volumes, often with an admixture of pus	The disease in an acute form proceeds quickly. And in the chronic form, it can take a very long time. The body temperature may not increase too much, and there are signs of an inflammatory process in the blood test. No change in breathing
Pneumonia	The cough is often painful, with much mucus. Body temperature rises, shortness of breath appears, which does not go away until recovery	An increase in body temperature, pain behind the sternum, symptoms of intoxication of the body
Tuberculosis	The cough is weak and does not go away, there is no respiratory failure	Body temperature rises for a very long time ( more than twenty days), the patient loses weight and eats poorly, sweats a lot in sleep
Foreign object inhalation	Cough appears suddenly, it is strong enough	All symptoms disappear after cleansing the respiratory organs from an object that has fallen into them.

There are contraindications. Before use, you should consult with a specialist.

Reviews

Hello, I am 23 years old. Worth bronchial asthma of the initial stage ... long-term remission! Lately, it’s hard to breathe at night, I can’t fall asleep, while sitting, my breathing is more or less restored, and it’s so difficult to take a breath to the end, there’s not enough air .... it disappears in the morning and I can fall asleep .... what could it be? Thanks in advance)

Asthma bronchial since 2013. By breathing, I take a deep breath, but with an exhalation .. immediately spasms and coughing ... like a dog's woof-woof. I sleep well at night and in general, only in the prone position more or less. But she just sat down or stood up .. some kind of load, more or less, and .. again spasms. Already my back and stomach hurts from them. And yet, a mouth full of saliva / 2-3 minutes /. I feel flawed ....... and quietly hate.

My father has been suffering from asthma for many years. And also many drugs had side effects, well, or addiction happened over time. About a year ago, we again went to the doctor and picked up the Foster inhaler for treatment. Dad did not have any side effects on him, as, in fact, addiction. But be sure to consult your doctor.

By the way .. I forgot .. against the backdrop of bronchitis .. two years ago .. my sense of smell completely disappeared .. just like in that movie * Dangerous Age * ..
I don’t feel anything at all .. no smells .. neither weak nor strong .. no flowers .. no perfumes .. no food .. I live like in a spacesuit or in a gas mask ..

I have been suffering for three years after suffering bronchitis .. consequences .. allergic rhinitis ..
incessant dry cough .. shortness of breath .. choking when breathing and especially at night ..
I literally sleep in snatches .. I wake up every hour .. I can’t breathe ..
Only salbutamol relieves seizures.
by the way.. my daughter is asthmatic..

Hello! For a month I can not sleep at night, I fall asleep only in the morning. I have difficulty breathing, I can only fall asleep on my back ... it feels like something is pressing on my chest ... maybe smoking is the cause? does it contribute to the development of asthma? (I read the symptoms of asthma - the same story, it seems I have asthma)

What should you do to get asthma? I really need it!!! I want to have asthma

Hello. For about a week I have been suffering from difficulty breathing. It seems that 10 kg was put on the chest. It is almost impossible to breathe through the nose during an attack, and if possible, then inhale every 3-4 seconds. Breathing through the mouth is more or less normal. This thing lasts for 8-10 minutes. I also get dizzy during an attack. It all goes away randomly. Please tell me what it could be, thanks in advance.

Hello, tell me, here we have such a situation with my mother: from about November, I had a cough that I didn’t drink cough from cheap to expensive and syrups and antibiotics and honey with onions and bioparox, etc. said changes in the larynx, fluorography is normal, there is no temperature, now the pressure began to jump, especially after coughing, then he didn’t cough at all, now he began to cough up greenish, and now something is white and salty, he coughs so that he can vomit, she says that tickles and, as it were, colitis and therefore coughs, for almost 5 months, what to do to which specialist you need to tell me if you can. Thanks in advance

Tell me, please, why did the legs and arms fail sharply, the doctors suspect that it is bronchial asthma, but I read on the Internet and nothing is written about it anywhere, they prescribed treatment for us, but nothing helps in rachi, I can’t say that they themselves don’t understand why it could be help if you can.

I can’t take a full breath with my nose, but I can with my mouth, and after jumping rope I got a strong cough. In the morning I often yawn, especially at school, somewhere from 9 to 12 periodically. What is this help?!

Hello. I have breathing problems after coughing. After coughing, I suffocate, I can’t inhale because I choke on my own saliva, only a long breath helps, but I’m afraid if I can inhale with a stalemate. After the picture, they said that I drank bronchitis medication, finished it to the end and didn’t get the effect from them, what should I do, who should I contact, what should I take, what pills or are there any folk methods?

The symptoms you describe can also occur with asthma. However, only a specialist doctor - a pulmonologist or a therapist can adequately assess your condition.

Hello! Recently, I began to catch cold often, coughing only during a cold, then no, there is a sore throat, there are no wheezing and spasms of the bronchi, the fluorography is normal, I don’t have allergies, I don’t smoke. But I began to notice that I can hardly stand strong smells, for example, washing. Pooshka, dichlorvos, smoke of forest fires, it becomes difficult to breathe, it takes your breath away, as if the zaah is absorbed into the throat and burns. Could these signs be warning signs of asthma? And which doctor should I go to? To a pulmonologist?

Hello. I only have trouble breathing at night. when I fall asleep. Or during the day before bed. Only a deep breath helps or vice versa exhale. I often can't swallow. On examination, the doctor did not find anything and attributed it to sinusitis. cured it and everything remained the same. what could it be?

The probable cause of this phenomenon may be hypoxia (as a result of a decrease in the concentration of oxygen in the blood).

Good night! Please answer my question. Why do I feel dizzy when using the inhaler that the pulmonologist "SYMBICORT" prescribed for me? Is it not suitable for me?

Diseases of the respiratory tract and lung tissue, which occur with inflammation and narrowing of the bronchi, are accompanied by asthma (suffocation).

The epithelium lining the bronchial tree is very sensitive to inhaled substances. They irritate the bronchi, causing hypersecretion and edema, which prevents air from entering the lungs. Reflex bronchospasm further limits respiratory function.

Asthma: what is it?

Asthma is a disease of bronchial structures of a non-infectious nature, characterized by attacks of suffocation and broncho-obstructive syndrome. The disease is characterized by a chronic course, and in about a third of cases it is hereditary.

If asthma is diagnosed in childhood, there is a chance to get rid of it. In adults, the disease is much more complicated. Environmental degradation leads to an increase in morbidity. The rate among children reaches 10%, and among adults 6%.

Types of asthma

There are three main types of the disease, accompanied by an asthmatic condition. They are the following:

Bronchial asthma- this is a chronic lesion of the bronchial mucosa with the development of hypersensitivity to inhaled (trigger) substances. Manifested by periodic attacks of suffocation. Unlike bronchitis, infection plays a triggering role, and the leading cause of bronchial asthma is a genetic predisposition.

drug asthma- occurs as a side effect of taking certain medications. There are two mechanisms - either the drug causes an allergy, which leads to illness, or a side effect of the drug causes a spasm of the bronchioles and an asthma attack.

cardiac asthma- occurs as a result of edema of the lung tissue in heart failure. The mechanism is a decrease in the contractile function of the myocardium or an increase in pressure in the pulmonary system.

The most common cause of the disease is bronchial pathology.

Causes of Asthma

The main causes of asthma are unknown, but it is believed to be a combination of two factors: genetic and environmental influences. There are other risk factors that can trigger the onset of the disease. These include:

1. Constant contact with substances that cause allergic reactions - this is animal hair, dust, mold;
2. Taking certain medications (side effects of beta-blockers that cause bronchospasm);
3. Respiratory and viral infections;
4. Passive smoking;
5. Ecological situation;
6. Work in rooms with dirty air, with chemicals, flour;
7. Products containing sulfates;
8. Physical exercise;
9. Constant stress and nervousness;
10. A sharp change in weather conditions;
11. hereditary factor.

Patients with the manifestation of all allergic reactions need to contact an allergist to establish the exact causes.

Symptoms and signs of asthma, photo

Since asthma can be cardiac, bronchial or drug-induced, the symptoms vary. However, the first signs of asthma are the same - a strong dry cough and difficulty breathing.

For allergic asthma the symptoms are as follows:

• There is a cough;
• When breathing, whistling occurs;
• A person inhales and exhales with a frequency of more than 16 / minute;
• Pain in the chest area;
• These signs are evident when the patient comes into contact with the allergen.

For cardiac asthma the following symptoms are typical:

• Attacks of coughing and choking occur at night in sleep;
• In a horizontal position, breathing becomes difficult, so the person takes a half-sitting position;
• There may be other signs characteristic of heart failure (edema, shortness of breath);
• With physical exertion, shortness of breath occurs, the abdomen increases, the skin around the nose and lips takes on a bluish tint.

Symptoms of bronchial asthma pronounced:

• Dry severe cough;
• Shortness of breath, which becomes worse when an attack occurs;
• Seizures are characterized by severe coughing and shortness of breath, followed by copious sputum;
• Constriction and heaviness in the chest;
• Attacks end abruptly, as they begin;
• Exacerbations occur at night due to difficulty breathing in a horizontal position. As a result, the patient can suffocate all night from coughing;
• During breathing, characteristic whistles are heard.

If any symptoms are found, it is imperative to consult a specialist for a correct diagnosis and, if necessary, start treatment.

First aid for an attack of bronchial asthma

Asthma attacks are the main symptom of this disease. And relatives of a person with a disease should know what to do to stop an attack of bronchial asthma. This condition is diagnosed in a patient by the following manifestations:

Signs of an asthma attack

1. A person assumes a position in which the muscles are included in the respiratory process. To do this, he puts his feet shoulder-width apart, and rests his hands on the edge of the bed or chair.
2. Inhalation is fast, and exhalation is long and painful, accompanied by a cough.
3. During exhalation, a strong whistle is heard.
4. The skin takes on a bluish tint and becomes cool.
5. The cough is strong and heavy.

What to do with an attack of bronchial asthma?- The algorithm of actions is as follows:

• Provide the patient with access to fresh air. It is better that he takes a sitting position, this will facilitate the discharge of sputum during coughing.
• You need to unfasten your clothes so that there is no pressure on the chest.
• The patient needs be sure to give an inhaler.
• It is necessary to remove allergens that can provoke an increase in an attack.
• The patient needs to drink a sedative (coravolol, valerian). It is necessary to take bronchodilator aerosol preparations, which are in the asthmatic medicine cabinet.
• If the situation is serious, then you should call an ambulance. With an average condition, you can contact your doctor.
• In the absence of improvement, doctors resort to infusion of steroid drugs.
• The rules for providing assistance in case of an asthma attack must be known to the patient's relatives and close people in order to provide assistance at the right time.

Asthma treatment

Unfortunately, there is currently no cure for this disease. Throughout life, a person with such a diagnosis must comply with and fulfill the prescriptions of doctors.

Treatment of asthma in adults involves managing attacks and preventing them from recurring.

For this are used:

1. Medications of anti-inflammatory, antihistamine character.
2. Bronchodilators, which dilate the bronchi to improve airflow. All medicines must be prescribed by a doctor.
3. Respiratory gymnastics is also necessary, it helps to remove acute inflammation of the bronchi.
4. Folk remedies are also used to treat asthma. However, before doing this, you should consult with your doctor.

Correction of cardiac diseases is necessary to improve the condition with a cardiac form. Asthma is a chronic pathology, so therapy continues throughout life. If medical recommendations are followed, the quality of life suffers slightly.

Asthma: complications and prevention

If asthma is left untreated, complications arise, namely:

• Pulmonary diseases: pneumonia, respiratory failure, emphysema, chronic obstructive bronchitis.
• Cardiac pathology - hypotension, heart attacks, heart failure, arrhythmia.
• The gastrointestinal tract may suffer due to the medication required for therapy.
• Possible fainting, nervous disorders, asthenia, emotional instability.

To prevent the disease from progressing, the following rules must be observed:

• Quit smoking;
• As often as possible, clean the living quarters;
• Try to stay less in places with polluted air;
• Limit contact with substances that cause allergic reactions;
• Timely treat respiratory diseases;
• Refuse products with a chemical composition;
• Pets must be clean. If the diagnosis has already been made, then it is better not to start them;
• Medicines should be taken only as prescribed by doctors.

Treatment of patients with bronchial asthma is considered mandatory. It is a difficult process that takes a lifetime. However, subject to all doctor's prescriptions, the prognosis is favorable.

Asthma code in ICD 10

In the international classification of diseases ICD 10 asthma is:

Class X Diseases of the respiratory system (J00-J99)

J40-J47 - Chronic diseases of the lower respiratory tract

J45 Asthma

• J45.0 Asthma with predominant allergic component
• J45.1 Non-allergic asthma
• J45.8 Mixed asthma
• J45.9 Asthma, unspecified

Additionally:

J46 Status asthmaticus

Bronchial asthma is a fairly common modern respiratory disease. It manifests itself in the form of periodic attacks of shortness of breath, a strong cough, sometimes capable of developing into an attack of suffocation. The reason for this is the reaction of the respiratory tract to any irritant that has fallen into them. Because of this, the bronchi are greatly narrowed, while producing a large amount of mucus, which prevents the patient from breathing normally, making it difficult for air to enter the lungs.

There are various reasons why asthma attacks occur. On this basis, non-allergic asthma is distinguished, resulting from exposure to an external irritant on the respiratory tract, and allergic asthma, which is the result of particles entering the body through the bronchi that cause a reaction.

Attacks in allergic asthma can be caused by specific irritants (pollen, food, wool, house dust, etc.), upon contact with which an exacerbation of the disease occurs. Often, such attacks are seasonal in nature and are expressed by excessive tearing, and.

Attacks in non-allergic asthma are caused by any slightest irritation of the bronchi. Due to their excessive sensitivity, spasms occur that prevent the normal flow of air into and out of the lungs, as a result of which there is a strong cough, an attack of suffocation.

Some of the main causes that can trigger an asthma attack are:

tobacco smoke;

specific smell of detergents, household chemicals;

traffic fumes;

taking certain medications;

perfumed soap;

cloying odors;

harsh perfume, etc.

It is not necessary that the symptoms of asthma appear instantly, sometimes it takes several minutes for a reaction.

Depending on the cause of the attack, asthma is divided into several types:

asthma of physical effort (inhalation of cold air during sports);

aspirin asthma (taking certain medications);

food asthma;

occupational asthma (inhalation of the same substance at work for a sufficiently long period of time);

mixed asthma (contact with an allergen with the presence of another factor);

unspecified asthma (there is no clear cause that caused the attack).

It often happens that with asthma, doctors cannot identify specific allergens that irritate the airways and cause them to spasm. The very first attacks of the disease can be caused by a respiratory infection. While exhaust gases or industrial waste are not allergens, they can negatively affect the symptoms of the disease, provoke it in those who are predisposed to this disease.

Occupational asthma is the most difficult to identify, as often people do not attach importance to the first symptoms that appear during work and disappear after the end of the work shift. Diagnosing such asthma attacks is quite difficult and takes several weeks or even months to make an accurate diagnosis.

Since each person is unique, the harbingers of an attack of bronchial asthma will manifest themselves in different ways for everyone. It is very important to know them if you have asthma and take the necessary medicines on time. Harbingers of an attack of bronchial asthma appear in about 0.5-1 hour.

The most common harbingers before asthma attacks of an allergic nature:

frequent sneezing;

coughing;

pain and sore throat;

severe coryza with watery mucus;

If the asthma attack is non-allergic in nature, for example, physical activity, then the precursors may be the following:

• severe weakness, fatigue;

  anxiety;

  anxiety;

  worsening mood.

The second drug that should be used to stop an attack of bronchial asthma is ephedrine. It begins to act after 20-25 minutes, is injected under the skin in the form of a 1% solution of not more than 1 ml. Ephedrine has a weaker effect than adrenaline, sometimes this drug fails to completely stop the attack. Then a solution of ephedrine or adrenaline is injected in combination with 0.5 ml of atropine (1% solution).

If the type of asthma attack (cardiac or bronchial) is unknown or if it cannot be eliminated for a long time, intravenous administration of aminophylline should be used. The drug should be administered very slowly.

If the introduction of bronchodilators does not have any visible effect, but only excites the patient, then pipolfen (solution 2.5%) is injected into the muscle, with a volume of not more than 1.5-2 ml and novocaine intravenously (solution 0.5%), with a volume of 5-10 ml, the drug should be administered slowly.

A mixed form of asthma is stopped with aminophylline with cardiac glycosides, an injection is given intravenously. If the patient experiences suffocation, then with great care it is allowed to use the drug pantopon, always with atropine or use promedol.

It is impossible to inject morphine during a bronchial attack, it negatively affects the respiratory system, making it difficult to breathe.

As antispasmodics, an injection of 2% solutions of no-shpa and papaverine is used, in a ratio of 1: 1, not more than 4 ml

If the introduction of drugs does not give the desired effect, then the patient must be urgently hospitalized.

Education: Moscow Medical Institute. I. M. Sechenov, specialty - "Medicine" in 1991, in 1993 "Occupational diseases", in 1996 "Therapy".

Asthma is an allergic disease, often of an atopic and hereditary nature, the attack of which develops as a result of chronic bronchial obstruction, and these attacks can be provoked by a number of reasons. Patients with asthma usually feel it coming and should carry a special inhaler with them, as emergency care for asthma is not always available promptly. An attack can develop abruptly or gradually - depending on the situation, but the patient always has time to take action on his own or receive help from loved ones. Bronchial asthma affects more than 6% of the Russian population and this is a serious figure. Scientists are working very actively on this urgent problem, in particular, their work is aimed at preventive methods in order to prevent the development or complications of bronchial asthma in people. However, today the disease is recognized as chronic and practically incurable, but modern medicine is able to significantly improve the quality of life of patients by stopping attacks and supplementing supportive treatment.

The stages of severity into which asthma is classified

As a rule, people with asthma have concomitant diseases of the upper respiratory tract, diseases of the lungs or thyroid gland. Depending on the severity of the disease, the severity of asthmatic attacks can also vary. In total, there are three degrees of severity of asthma that require immediate medical attention and consultation with the further prescription of maintenance drugs. And the fourth is status asthmaticus, which is regarded as the most severe complication with a threat to the life of the patient, and it develops if the first three stages of asthmatic attacks are ignored. In other words, if a person is not helped during an attack or its symptoms, then he may die.

As a rule, people who once experienced an attack of bronchial asthma already have an idea about its onset, and also have doctor's recommendations about having the necessary inhalers on hand, suitable individually.

It is worth noting that with asthma, an attack of any stage can happen to a person absolutely at any time of the day, regardless of his activity, even in a dream.

1. First mild degree. A person feels difficulty in breathing, breathing with a creak and a rapid pulse is characteristic. There must be two inhalers of different composition on hand in case one of them turns out to be ineffective. The selection of inhalers is carried out after the results of tests to determine at least an approximate type of allergens.
2. Second degree. All the signs are the same as the first one, with the only difference that the attacks occur at least twice a month, as well as in a dream. During physical exertion, shortness of breath occurs. A person takes a characteristic sitting position, instinctively leans on his hands to make it as easy as possible for air to enter the lungs. There is blueness of the lips and pallor of the skin on the face. The composition of the inhalers of such patients should be corticosteroids. In general, the second degree is already classified as dangerous.
3. Third degree. All signs of the first two degrees, but attacks occur abruptly, spontaneously, often and for a long time. The choking attack is so aggressive that a person panics, which only aggravates the situation. The pulse quickens, tachycardia is observed, the face turns pale, perspiration appears. The patient's breathing is complicated, with a loud whistle. These are very dangerous symptoms that require the most prompt assistance. Corticosteroids and bronchodilators are prescribed to the patient in inhalers, and corticosteroids in tablets are also an additional course. And treatment is carried out either on an ongoing basis or intermittently.
4. asthmatic status can be called a conditional degree. This is the most extreme, uncontrolled degree of severity, when the patient can be helped exclusively in a medical institution with the help of both drugs and devices, since he will practically not be able to breathe on his own. If you do not provide timely delivery of the patient to the hospital, then the risk of dying is too great.

Common symptoms of an asthma attack

• weakness;
• tightness in the chest and difficulty breathing, especially when exhaling. Whistling when breathing;
• blue mucous membranes, as well as hands and face;
• barking dry cough;
• wheezing breath. This breathing becomes very audible, and it is through it that the surrounding people understand about the onset of an attack.

If the cough turns into a wet one and sputum leaves, then the attack may come to naught.

A lot of reasons can lead to the occurrence of bronchial asthma in humans. However, they should not be confused with the causes of asthma due to heart failure. For example, smokers have a high chance of acquiring persistent asthma with each year of smoking experience due to a bronchial tree affected by tobacco smoke. Hereditary predisposition also affects the chances of becoming asthmatic after 20 years. But, nevertheless, the generally recognized cause of asthma is an allergy, more precisely, a strong irritant.

In the presence of an irritant, 15 minutes pass from the onset of the onset of symptoms of an approaching attack to the immediate peak of the attack.

Attention! Bronchial asthma is allergic in nature and its hallmark is a problematic exhalation. Cardiac asthma is a serious illness that makes it difficult for a person to breathe during an attack. And emergency care for an asthma attack is different from a heart attack.

People living in countries with a humid climate, workers in the chemical industry, and people who are constantly exposed to large amounts of household or street/industrial dust are all at risk of developing bronchial asthma.

The symptoms of a flare-up asthma attack are generally similar, but may differ depending on the severity of the disease. Usually, patients are aware of their condition and have special tools with them. But every person has an asthma attack for the first time. And then it is necessary to keep calm to others and the patient, as well as to act competently and quickly. At the first suspicion of suffocation, you need to call an ambulance, but for now, take some measures yourself.

The procedure for eliminating an attack

Algorithm of actions, if necessary, to provide first aid to a person with an asthmatic attack:

1. The first step is to isolate the person from the alleged irritant or allergen that provoked the attack. To do this, the patient is provided with access to fresh air and freed from a tight collar or tight outerwear.
2. An attack can also be triggered by anxiety and stress. It is better to make sure that the patient is seated so that he can lean on his hands - this will make it easier for him to breathe. Then eliminate the source that provoked the attack and ensure peace. Any allergen can be an attack provocateur - a chemical, a plant, an animal, even a toy that scared and caused stress when it comes to a child.
3. As a first aid, you must have on hand any bronchodilator such as Berodual or Salbutamol. If within 20 minutes the drugs did not have the expected effect, i.e. did not increase the lumen of the bronchi due to their strong edema, then to stop an attack of bronchial asthma, you can repeat inhalation (but not more than 3 times), and also make an intravenous injection of aminophylline 2.4% in a volume of 10 ml. If the injection is intramuscular, then 2 ml is enough. You can combine this together with strophanthin, if there are signs of tachycardia.
4. In parallel with the injections, we can take any antihistamine that is at hand. This should have a calming effect on the bronchi.
5. Since difficulty in breathing, or rather, exhalation, is associated with bronchospasm, it is possible to stimulate the expansion of the lungs with the help of a pain shock. Sometimes this is a very justified way when the attack drags on or takes on an aggressive character. The pain effect can be achieved in the area of ​​the elbow and knee joints.

If none of the medicines was at hand, then first aid for an attack may consist of the following actions:

1. Put some salt on the patient's tongue. Salt helps to relieve the symptoms of bronchial spasms, and therefore can be used as a natural natural inhaler.
2. With a strong attack, you can add a little fresh juice from ginger root to a pinch of salt. In this combination, relief from swollen bronchi should come even faster.
3. With a weak attack, steam inhalation will help. A spoonful of salt and a few drops of iodine are placed in a glass of boiling water. It is enough to breathe this steam a little to feel relief.

If we are talking about a child, then the relief of an attack of bronchial asthma will be somewhat different from helping adults.

Helping a child during an attack

It is extremely important to isolate the child from the allergen that provoked the attack. For example, it is household dust or a flowering plant, household chemical powder, bird feathers, book or fabric dust. Without panic, calmly and confidently, you need to take the child into the room and moisten the air with ordinary clean water, for example, from a spray for ironing.

For food allergies, if the product was eaten within half an hour or an hour before the onset of the attack, the child should be given any available drug: Enterosgel or Activated Charcoal at the rate of a teaspoon of gel or 1 tablet per 10 kg of the child's weight. The dose can be doubled if the food allergy occurs immediately after ingestion of the allergen product. In some cases, a laxative drug makes sense.

It will be very good to lower the child's feet into a bowl of hot water and mustard. If the water cools quickly, then pour hot water on top without adding mustard.

Children's drugs for the relief of an attack are also available in conventional aerosol inhalers. But to make it easier for the child to inhale the active substance, a spacer is used. With the help of this tube-nozzle on the inhaler, the medicine will immediately enter the respiratory tract and work as efficiently as possible. If the attack could not be stopped, then after 5 minutes it is permissible to reuse the inhaler.

In children with mild asthma and infrequent attacks, drugs are prescribed in rare cases. Yet, they are based on adrenaline. More often, the body is given the most effective help to defeat the disease on its own: walks in the fresh air, trips to the sea, climate change, an active lifestyle and activities that will be of interest to the child. Sometimes, as the baby grows and matures, these measures help to forget about asthma forever.