Sample topics for environmental projects. Study of the impact of phytoncides on pests of cultivated plants (agroecology). Study of the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of zooplankton distribution in Lake Maloye (hydroecology). Immunotoxic effect of decomposition products of chemical compounds in surface waters of the Leonidovka region (chemical ecology). Study of the influence of anthropogenic load on the species composition of bioindicators of the floodplain meadow of the Yaya River (plant ecology). Environmental problems and public reaction to them in conditions of social and economic crisis (social ecology).

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Education

“Theory of Ecology” - Soft Science Immature science Image: lawn. Department of General Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University. Introduction to general ecology. Competition. marsupial lion. Ecology: Introductory lecture. Synedra ulna. Population density. (2) Z is a power (allometric) function of body mass W. ? = ?? = e-?. M. 2005, p. 6).

“Using Indicators” - SOE Indicators. 1. Use of indicators in government reports on the state of the environment of Turkmenistan.

“Projects on ecology” - Prize of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia “Best environmental project of the year”. Exhibition “Reserved Russia”. Official reception of the Russian Ministry of Natural Resources. Projects 2009. Ecology and Peace Foundation. Cooperation. "Russia is reserved." “Best environmental project of the year – 2009.” "Green Arrow". This is the first time such an event has been held in Russia.

"Environmental Conference" - The ratio of organizations - winners. By organization: 2 opening and closing areas, 8 sections, 4 leisure areas, Animation program. By section: Analysis of the distribution of topics. 2nd place. Conference. 43 general education uchr. 8 educational institutions of the Moscow region. 7 UDO 5 educational associations 149 teachers 19 are guests of the event.

“Pollution of the Chelyabinsk atmosphere” - The EURT area in the Chelyabinsk region is about 23 thousand square meters. km. Ai River. The areas of pollution are especially extensive (11-13 thousand sq. km) around Chelyabinsk and Magnitogorsk. Sak-Elga River. Radioactive contamination. Miass Tool Plant. Completed by: student of class 11 “A” of municipal educational institution “gymnasium No. 19” Kunkel Julia. Water pollution.

“Textbooks on ecology” - Applied ecology. Yu.V. Trofimenko. - M.: Publishing center "Academy", 2006. - 400 p., p. color ill. Ecology: Transport structure and environment. Ecology of populations and communities. For students of higher educational institutions. Ecology. Can be used by specialists conducting environmental research.

In which schoolchildren in grades 7-11 and their German language teachers and subject teachers (biology, geography, chemistry, physics and ecology) can take part.

The competition is designed to draw students' attention to environmental problems that they face every day in their city or town. Schoolchildren explore the environmental situation in their city (town), on their street, in their school, for example: water and air quality, soil condition, energy consumption, flora and fauna, waste, health/nutrition. Based on the results of the study, schoolchildren propose specific ideas and carry out actions aimed at improving the environmental situation and attracting the attention of the general public to it.

Projects selected by the jury based on the results of the 2015 competition:

Project: About plastic bottles and toilet paper: eco-events at Goethe-Gymnasium No. 23 in Bishkek (Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan)

Heavy traffic in the immediate vicinity of a school leads to increased levels of pollution with harmful substances that are equally dangerous to people and plants.

Project content: to assess the impact of transport on the environment, we took air samples for dust particles, as well as soil samples near the school. We recorded significant air pollution in nearby streets, and soil samples had very low PH values. To improve the environmental situation and help nature, we planted new plants in the schoolyard and also contacted a processing plant. In addition, we launched separate waste collection at our school and tried to attract public attention to our environmental actions.

Goethe-Gymnasium No. 23

Project team: Diana Igolnikova, Ilyara Izupzhanova, Anastasia Sukhorukova, Chinara Bapyshova (German language teacher), Svetlana Paremskaya (chemistry teacher).

Project: Clean and green environment (Chambarak, Armenia)

A lack of environmental awareness resulted in the school grounds appearing abandoned.

Project content: As part of the project, we cleared the school yard, cleared the river of old tires and planted an orchard. Together with other schoolchildren, teachers, parents and village residents, we cultivated the soil of the school yard and planted a total of 27 fruit trees. Additionally, we made our contribution and decorated the school.
Chambarak High School

Project team: Karen Aramyan, Roza Aramyan, Smbat Gabrielyan, Alina Samsonyan (German teacher), Hakob Tizyan (geography teacher)

Project: fast food = almost food? (Gavrilov-Yam, Russia)

Fast food is increasingly becoming one of the main eating habits of people, while the health consequences are completely ignored.

Project content: As part of the project, we researched the consequences of unhealthy eating, conducted a survey in our school about eating habits and organized educational work talking about healthy foods. In addition, we prepared interactive activities for schoolchildren, wrote an article for a regional newspaper, and produced a variety of educational videos about healthy eating.

School No. 1
Project team: Polina Machina, Daria Zamarenkova, Nadezhda Charkova, Irina Sorokina (German language teacher), Evgenia Melkova (biology teacher)

In the photo, a schoolgirl is experimenting with fast food type food.

Project: Cars and soil on the roadside: plants in danger (Grodno, Belarus)

The growing number of cars increases the already critical content of harmful substances and contributes to environmental pollution.

Project content: Based on various soil samples, we analyzed the results of traffic intensity for the environment. At the same time, we did a phytotest and compared the sprouts of white mustard seeds with each other. To have a positive impact on the environment, we held eco-actions at school, told passersby about the problem, and also planted shrubs and trees in our yards.

Secondary school No. 28

Project team: Alyaksey Karpeichuk, Ilona Minko, Alena Ttsyalak, Tatyana Smolka (German language teacher), Alena Kostsikava (biology teacher)

In the photo: schoolchildren study the condition of plants on the roadside area.

Project: Is Magnitogorsk really clean and green? (Magnitogorsk, Russia)

Domestic and industrial waste and massive air pollution pose a threat to the environment.

Project content: Environmental pollution is a very multifaceted topic, so we analyzed two pressing problems - the lack of separate waste collection and industrial air pollution. Thanks to visits to waste disposal plants, we were able to verify the great potential of waste recycling. After conducting experiments, we established the harm to the environment from burning garbage. Also, as part of the project, we held a large event to separate waste collection, as well as an action to collect old things, and planted spruce trees in the schoolyard.

Secondary school No. 6

Project team: Vasilina Varyukha, Dmitry Babushkin, Regina Galimova, Svetlana Shamshurina (German teacher), Tatyana Yemets (biology teacher)

Project: Preventing the desertification process, reconstructing degraded landscapes and creating a “green oasis” on our school territory (Shashubai, Kazakhstan)

Unfavorable climatic and environmental conditions in the North Balkhash region lead to soil erosion and the formation of a desert.

Project content: We studied the influence of harsh climate on the flora of our region and looked for ways to prevent the process of desertification. Together with the school and the entire village, we conducted project activities and conversations to convey to all residents the importance of the problem. In collaboration with various sponsors, village residents and numerous representatives of local authorities, we developed a large improvement project “Green Oasis” and successfully implemented it together. We planted 550 seedlings of trees resistant to the local climate.

School-kindergarten complex

Project team: Kristina Dylgina, Valeria Burdman, Yana Dylgina, Dametken Tasbulatova (German language teacher), Yulia Kogai (ecology teacher)

In the photo, schoolchildren are studying the composition of soil from the school grounds.

Project: This is how the Curonian Spit begins (Zelenogradsk/Kaliningrad region, Russia)

City residents lack understanding of the exceptional value of the Curonian Spit nature reserve, so the protection it needs is lacking; and pollution of natural areas threatens the extinction of many species.

Project content: First of all, we studied the ecological significance of the wet habitat of plants and animals on the territory of the Curonian Spit. We also determined the possibility of a threat to this natural reserve from the nearby rapidly developing city of Zelenogradsk. We assumed that all residents are ready to protect the environment, but they lack information about the importance and uniqueness of the protected area. Therefore, we developed a themed nature trail, and materials about our plans and results were published in local newspapers. We believe that an ecological trail can introduce local residents to a unique natural area without interfering with nature.

Progymnasium "Vector"

Project team: Vlada Karelina, Daria Mezhuy, Nazar Lukashev, Valeria Wall (German teacher), Maxim Napreenko (biology teacher)

Project: Water and synthetic cleaning products (Chelyabinsk, Russia)

Water is at significant risk from the chemicals contained in synthetic cleaning products.

Project content: First, we conducted a survey among schoolchildren and found out what cleaning products they most often use. Then, based on the frequency of their use, all cleaning products were categorized. Through two different experiments, we found out how bad synthetic cleaning products and natural soaps are for the environment - and reported on it in the school newspaper. In addition, we were engaged in the production of natural soap and discovered an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional chemical cleaning products. In the future, we want to conduct master classes on this topic, as well as inform schoolchildren about the dangers of synthetic cleaning products using posters.

Gymnasium No. 96

Project team: Irina Zhukova, Marina Belozerova, Anastasia Dron, Olga Bannikova (German teacher), Ekaterina Gorvat (chemistry teacher)

Project: Eco-cleaning products (Tula, Russia)

Chemicals contained in cleaning products and detergents end up in wastewater, cannot be completely filtered out and pose a risk to our health.

Project content: To reduce environmental pollution, in our project we are considering alternative cleaning and detergents for the home to the usual ones. After we analyzed the chemicals in cleaning products and found them to be harmful to the environment, we focused on producing an environmentally friendly enzyme that could replace traditional cleaning products. After receiving positive results from using eco-cleaning products, we talked about this idea.

Project team: Egor Turkov, Daria Anufrieva, Arina Lifanova, Svetlana Lifanova (German teacher), Marina Starina (chemistry teacher)

Project: New life of a water source (Zugdidi, Georgia)

The village of Akhalsopeli suffers from a lack of water, as the water from its only source is constantly disappearing.

Project content: We set ourselves the task of stopping the mass disappearance of spring water in our village, as well as holding an action in support of the relaunch of the only open-air swimming pool. Thanks to the economical handling of water, the outdoor pool could be filled with spring water. Therefore, to begin with, we cleaned the source itself and the area around it, installed a protective structure made of bamboo, and then carried out educational work with the population of the village.
Akhalsopeli secondary school

Team: Mariam Jojua, Tamta Jojua, Mariam Sherozia, Kobalia Tzitzino (German teacher), Kitia Ketevan (ecology teacher)

Project: When the trees were green... (Moscow, Russia)

The growing number of parking spaces threatens the few trees that still grace the city.

Project content: The goal of our project was to establish a causal relationship between the emergence of new parking spaces and the extinction of trees. We conducted an interdisciplinary study: we not only took soil samples and collected information about trees, but also learned about the rules for handling plants during road work. The following problem was identified: the city does not have the necessary irrigation system. We developed numerous recommendations and also talked about our project in school and on the Internet.

School No. 1179
Project team: Alina Anosova, Alina Pogosyan, Daniil Sidorov, Anna Tsukanova (German language teacher), Natalya Kislyak (biology teacher)

In the photo, schoolchildren examine the condition of the leaves using a microscope.

Project: Consequences of birds feeding in water. Research work of schoolchildren on the Mirosha River
(Pskov, Russia)

Environmental pollution and mass feeding of birds threaten the water quality and diversity of wildlife in the Mirosha River.

Project content: The project of our initiative group is dedicated to studying the impact of bird feeding in water bodies on the environment. By becoming interested in our local ecosystem, we were able to make connections between bird feeding and deteriorating water quality. To draw the attention of Pskov residents to the consequences of their actions, we installed an information board in the park “Feeding birds is prohibited” and talked about it on the Internet.

School No. 11
Project team: Olga Stepanova, Sergey Solovyov, Elizaveta Terentyeva, Yulia Mikhailova (German language teacher), Anastasia Frolova (geography teacher)

Project: Start saving energy yourself! (Rivne, Ukraine)

The growing demand for energy around the world causes a number of environmental problems - increased emissions of harmful substances and environmental pollution.

Project content: Although we realize that we will not be able to implement environmentally friendly energy processing technologies throughout the world, we still decided to take the initiative for responsible energy consumption in our city. To achieve this, we have developed detailed information brochures on saving energy, held educational lessons and a drawing competition on the relevant topic at our school. In addition, we have prepared recommendations for saving energy and tested them in practice.

Lyceum No. 12
Project team: Anastasia Vavryk, Oksana Melnichuk, Oleksandra Trush, Olga Moroz (German teacher), Lyudmila Bondaruk (physics teacher)

Project: Determining the concentration of carbon dioxide in the premises of a gymnasium using a homemade gas analyzer (St. Petersburg, Russia)

Elevated carbon dioxide indoors is a serious factor that causes headaches, fatigue and cardiovascular disease, as well as negatively affecting other health indicators.

Project content: Since we know the consequences of high carbon dioxide levels, as part of our project we measured the concentration of carbon dioxide in the premises of our school and compared them with normal values. We independently developed the design of the gas analyzer and learned about the technique of chemical measurements. Fortunately, all carbon dioxide emissions are within normal limits, but we still recommend keeping your premises ventilated at all times.

Gymnasium No. 116 of Primorsky district

Project team: Roman Gubenko, Alina Ivanova, Mikhail Mezentsev, Tatyana Khorunzhaya (German language teacher), Tatyana Puzikova (chemistry teacher)

Project: Ecological laboratory. Along the forest protection paths of Mordovia. (Saransk, Russia)

Tree cutting, environmental pollution and other problems caused by human activity threaten the forests of Mordovia.

Project content: Since approximately a third of the Republic of Mordovia is covered with forests, these gifts of nature are not sufficiently appreciated by many local residents. To attract the attention of schoolchildren and residents of Saransk to the beauty of forests, we prepared an interactive environmental laboratory, hung posters, held a garbage collection campaign and developed an ecological trail.

Gymnasium No. 20
Project team: Maria Dolgaeva, Alexander Patkin, Anastasia Shibaeva, Tatyana Sharashkina (German teacher), Yulia Vardanyan (geography teacher)

Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Tatarstan

State Autonomous Professional Educational Institution

"Elabuga Polytechnic College"

"Ecological culture"

Elabuga, 2015

Table of contents:

Introduction ……………………………………………………………2

Main part ………………………………………………..…..3

Constitution of the Russian Federation on environmental protection……..……….….4

Environmental education……………………………….….…….4

Theoretical knowledge on ecological culture…………...….5

Main components of ecological culture………….…….6

Practical aspects of environmental culture…………….…..7

Ways to form an environmental culture in an educational institution:

A) Questionnaire …………………………………………….……9

B) Campaign “Feed the birds” ………………………………….…10

B) Action “Protection of Spruce” …………………………………………....11

D) Promotion “ Let's clean up the city "……………………………………11

D) Essay competition …………………………………………….11

E) Drawing competition ……………………………………………...12

G) Competition of own poems ………...13

H) Booklet competition ……………………………………………..13

I) Excursion ……………………………………………………..19

Fragments of the research work:

A) Determination of the state of atmospheric air ………......14

B) Determining water hardness at home ……..17

Conclusion ……………………………………………………….......20

Conclusion ………………………………………………….....20

Practical significance of the work carried out………….……20

Bibliography……………..…………………......21

Applications………………………………………………………….……22

Introduction

Recently, humans have begun to have a significant impact on the environment. Industrial development, an increase in the number of cars and deforestation lead to increased consumption of non-renewable or slowly renewable resources, pollution of the atmosphere and hydrosphere, and the development of the greenhouse effect. If people do not begin to take care of nature now, they will destroy not only it, but also themselves. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to cultivate a person’s ecological culture from an early age.

Goals:

Expanding and enriching knowledge that contributes to the development of students’ environmental culture;

Development of various forms of organizing environmental education, education and enlightenment of the younger generation;

Creating conditions for the formation of an ecological culture, the main feature of which is a responsible attitude towards nature.

Tasks:

To cultivate a caring attitude towards the surrounding nature, curiosity, kindness, observation of living nature;

Promote students' desire to help and protect nature;

To provide systematic knowledge about the world around us, to teach how to apply knowledge in practice.

Methods and techniques:

observation;

collection of information;

work with literature;

processing of collected information;

excursions;

elements of research work.

Relevance.

Our task is to raise a caring, decent, emotional person who loves the place (regardless of his location) where he was born, not forgetting to love all living things; treat the world around us tenderly and carefully, develop the ecological culture of our students.

Forms of work:

Conversation with both students and their parents at parent-teacher meetings on the formation of environmental culture and environmental education;

Conducting a survey of students on the subject of their environmental culture;

Making booklets and feeders;

Opening of a canteen on the Maidan "Bird's Paradise"

Conducting competitions;

Carrying out promotions

Main part.

Human well-being depends on his properly constructed relationships with nature. And caring for nature should become the norm of human behavior. Therefore, the goal of my work on environmental education, environmental culture: the use of effective forms and methods of teaching to develop in students knowledge, skills and abilities that contribute to active actions to protect the environment and the formation of an environmental culture.

The Constitution of the Russian Federation (Article 42) stipulates:

everyone has the right to:

favorable environment;

reliable information about her condition;

for compensation for damage caused to his health or property by an environmental violation.

The state must bear full responsibility for the condition and safety of the country's natural resources and habitat.

Unfortunately,

The state has not yet fulfilled this task.

The state of the environment in Russia is characterized as an ecological crisis!

The main directions of work on the formation of environmental culture:

Theoretical knowledge;

Practical knowledge;

An experiment as a fragment of research work.

Environmental education.

Solving environmental and social problems of society is possible under the condition of a new type of ecological culture. “It is in our days that the entire system of education and upbringing needs to be greened. The goal of this transformation is the penetration of modern environmental ideas and values ​​into all spheres of society. Only through the greening of all public life can humanity be saved from environmental disaster (N.M. Mamedov)"

In the process of research activities, students’ character is strengthened and formed, and a sense of mutual assistance and collectivism develops. Research activities based on computer technology help to diversify educational activities and increase the motivation of students to independently study the subject.

Theoretical knowledge of ecological culture.

Ecological culture is a system of knowledge, skills, values, human orientation in the field of science, art, as well as active activities to preserve and improve the environment.

This is the result of a pedagogical process, the purpose of which is to develop in students a conscious attitude towards interaction with nature, a set of environmental values ​​​​about the essence of interaction with nature, skills and practical skills for the wise use of natural resources.

A thorough study of environmental problems shows that people should not only protect nature, but use it wisely. Man protects and preserves nature for himself, but also protects it from himself.

From this it is clear that the cause of environmental crises lies not in nature itself, but in consciousness, behavior, and human activity.

Therefore, at present, when forming an environmental culture, it is important to include the following aspects:

environmental ethics is the doctrine of the moral relations between nature and man, which is based on the acceptance of nature as a partner, the equality of all living things and the limitation of human needs and rights.

The task of environmental ethics: the destruction of consumer attitudes towards nature, based on the position that man is the master of nature. The rights of nature are a form of a fair relationship between humans and nature. Man must protect and recognize the rights of nature. Basic principles of environmental ethics that must be observed:

Do no harm;

Respect for the rights of nature;

Compensation for damage;

Not interference.

Moral philosophy is a field of thought whose subject is not only morality, and its theory - ethics as a very distant subject, but also normative and descriptive ethics or morality.

Ecological imperative (“the limit of permissible human activity, which he has no right to cross under any circumstances”).

Ecological culture is a set of requirements and norms that apply to environmental activities and a person’s readiness to follow these requirements and norms.

The structure of culture consists of the unity of culture, attitude towards nature, culture, attitude towards society and other people. Only if these three components are observed, it is possible to talk about an ecological culture, which indicates the interaction of a person with the environment.

Ecological culture is a system of knowledge, skills, values, human orientations in the field of science, art, as well as active activities to preserve and improve the environment.

This is the result of a pedagogical process aimed at developing in the student a conscious attitude towards interaction with nature, the totality of interaction with nature, the ability and practical skills of rational use of natural resources.

The main components of an individual’s ecological culture are:

Human knowledge about nature, its interrelations, ways of preserving and assisting the natural environment; - interest in nature, in living and non-living components, in the problem of its protection;

Moral and aesthetic feelings;

Positive, varied activities aimed at preserving and enhancing nature, decent behavior in the human environment;

Motives that determine the actions of children in nature (cognitive, sanitary and hygienic, aesthetic, etc.)

Humanity is inextricably linked with nature. Now the issues of its interaction with humans have grown into a global environmental crisis, which includes:

Biosphere pollution;

Changes in the physical, chemical, biological qualities of our planet;

Changing ecosystems and deteriorating human health.

If people do not begin to take care of nature now, they will destroy not only it, but also themselves. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to cultivate a person’s ecological culture from an early age, starting in kindergarten, school, and later in other educational institutions.

Practical aspects of ecological culture.

The interaction between culture and nature is carried out by humans. The way a person was raised will be his attitude towards nature.

If from an early age a feeling of kindness and tenderness is instilled in a child; love reigns in the house, according to the principle “Love your neighbor as yourself,” warmth of relationships, mutual understanding, the ability to understand each other even in the most difficult and contradictory situations, then in such families children grow up who are sensitive and attentive not only towards each other, but also in relation to the nature around us.

And the teacher’s task is to develop these positive character traits and direct them in the right direction. Such a student, with the support of a teacher, will not be indifferent, indifferent, careless, will not be able to pass by someone else’s pain, past a person who needs protection and support; which will always stop a person breaking a branch of a recently planted tree, although it may be much weaker in strength.

It is easier to work with such students and it is easier to teach them decency and nobility in relation to nature.

But we must call things by their proper names; such situations happen much less frequently. Most often, families are dominated by dissatisfaction with each other, anger, snobbery, mistrust, lies, envy, and sometimes even hatred. And the baby, being brought up in such a family, absorbs these same qualities and vices. Coming to our educational institution, years later, he will fall into the category of “difficult teenagers” and we, teachers, have a lot of painstaking work to “pick up the key” to such a student, to let him believe in himself, involving him in various activities, including including environmental ones.

The reality around us - nature - is alive. She immediately responds to our introduction. How we treat her is how she responds to us.

Therefore, I want to say loudly: “People stop! Change your attitude towards each other! Stop being acquisitive and greedy, and it’s better to try to help someone completely disinterestedly, just like that, from the bottom of your heart. Go out into nature regularly, take care of the clearing where you are relaxing, don’t forget to pick up trash after yourself, put out the fire, listen to the birds singing, and not turn on the music at the highest volume; because in the forest, on the lawn, there is a life of its own, and taking into account our smaller brothers is our duty, our direct responsibility!”

And her “Majesty Nature,” seeing our caring attitude towards her, will stop presenting us with various environmental disasters. How I want to believe in it! Hope always dies last!

At Elabuga Polytechnic College, the attitude towards environmental education is serious: students try to take part in all environmental activities, showing interest in ecology

The dissemination of theoretical environmental knowledge in college is associated primarily with the study of the subject “Ecological Fundamentals of Environmental Management,” both in class and outside of class time, and with the compilation and solving of puzzles and crosswords.

The dissemination of practical environmental knowledge is confirmed by the regular holding of subject weeks, which include promotions and competitions.

In order to find out the attitude towards ecology and cleanliness of the city, check the presence of environmental culture among students. Our college students were divided into groups: some made up questions on a questionnaire, resulting in 20 questions; and others - there were 240 of them - were asked to take part in the survey, only on one condition: that they answer honestly.

A) Questionnaire. (Appendix 1)

Answer options: “yes”, “no”.

1. Do you throw trash in the trash?

2. Do you participate in garbage collection voluntarily?

3. Do you consider Yelabuga a clean city?

4. Will you throw a bottle that is lying in the middle of the road/sidewalk into the trash bin?

5. Do you think that throwing trash from windows is uncivilized?

6. Do you think that plastic bottles are harmful to the environment?

7. Have you left the territory of the educational institution to collect garbage?

8. Do you rarely use your car?

9. Would you give up cars and switch to a bicycle?

10. Do you think it is necessary to have sorting bins?
(glass, flammable substances, plastic)?

11. Do you check exhaust gases during inspection?

12. Do you think that car exhaust gases harm people and the environment?

13. Do you think that factories should be located away from cities?

14. Do you plant trees?

15. Do you grow plants at home?

16. Do you walk in the park?

17. Should we increase the number of parks and trees?

18. Are you involved in environmental movements?

19. Do you litter on public transport?

20. Do the reagents work well?

Based on the results of the survey, it is clear that the issue of environmental culture is not at the proper level for everyone and work needs to be done on its development.

“God gave us birds so that we could see every day what beauty is. But we rarely look at the sky and forget about beauty and freedom" (Confucius)

B) “Feed the Birds” campaign.(Appendix 2)

Caring for “our little brothers” leaves no one indifferent

Making feeders with your own hands and hanging them (competition)

Constant feeding of birds, bird canteen - “Bird Paradise”.

Distribution of leaflets in microdistricts 4 and 12

Conversation with children from kindergarten

Making drawings (competition)

Book exhibition

B) Action “Protection of Spruce”

In it, students make models of badges that they want to live. Natalya Kornilova 021 “Technology of catering products” shows her personal attitude:

« Have pity on the Christmas trees, let them grow,

After all, they are beauties, they give us air!

The ax rose above her to cut her down,

Think about the fact that she also wants to live! "(Appendix 3)

D) Action “Let’s clean up the city”

It is very difficult to get people to do anything. If they sometimes cannot clean up their yard, what can we say about others. But it is important to convince, try, look for solutions: by your own example, constantly take part in cleanup days under the motto: “Clean not where they clean, but where they don’t litter!” (Appendix 4)

D) Essay competition.

In an essay competition on the topic “Take care of nature,” students express their position in relation to nature and their native land.

Excerpts from the essay (Iplace) Balobanova Olga. 481, specialty “Chemical technology of inorganic substances”

“...One day, in despair, wandering along the street of my native village, I, tired of the sun, decided to go into a small forest, which is located three hundred meters from me. There, in addition to birches, other trees, and various shrubs, herbs and flowers grow. I felt like a happy person in this small forest. She lay down on the grass, hugged her, pressed herself to the ground and did not feel how she fell asleep.

I was awakened by the chirping of restless sparrows, who also hid from the heat in this amazing corner of nature. I turned my face up and there, high behind the treetops, a small piece of the sky was looking at me. I lay there for a long time, wonderful thoughts about my recent acquaintance with an interesting person came into my head. I didn’t want to leave so much; light clouds were looking at me from the sky, and it seemed to me that they were smiling and calling me to follow them. And I thought how much charm the forest has, how gentle and welcoming it is!”

Excerpts from the essay (IIplace).

Fatykhova Guzel491, specialty “Mechanical Engineering Technology”

« … Forest is one of the most important ecosystems that makes our lives better, because forests are the lungs of the planet.

Nowadays, little attention is paid to forests, although parks and protected areas are being created. A very large part of the forest is being cut down, a large number of trees are being destroyed due to fires. All this happens due to the negligence of people. People don't value what they have, only after losing it will they begin to value it; appreciate nature as it is..."

E) Our students take part in a drawing competition, where they show their attitude to nature.

Drawing competitions - Alexander Volkov, 291, specialty “Mechanical Engineering Technology” - ( I place) (Appendix 5)

G) Making booklets reminds us of behavior in nature.

Booklet competition.

Booklet competition - Mikhail Kreshchenov. 481 “Chemical technology of inorganic substances” ( I place) (Appendix 6)

H) Self-composed poetry competition

The competition of poems of one's own composition leaves no one indifferent and makes one think about the meaning of existence. The winner of this competition was Anastasia Ilyasova - she writes sensually and soulfully.

Author: Ermakov Pavel Alexandrovich. –051a, specialty “Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles” (Iplace)

Take care of nature guys,

Take care of forests and fields,

Take care of spring water

After all, this is sacred land.

Let's save all the lakes, trees,

So that they may be eternal

To make it like last time

The trees did not stand alone.

Blue and clear sky

To always be above them, -

Take care of nature guys

After all, there is only one nature.

People trample and spoil nature,

They set fire to and cut down forests,

Let's create a protected area

Our land will be preserved.

To develop skills in research activities, develop logical literacy, and cognitive abilities of students, certain work is carried out.

Research plan:

Preliminary stage: determining what you need to know about the environmental problem being studied. Identifying local environmental issues.

Determining the purpose of the research and ways to solve it.

Research stage: studying the state of the environment or the proposed problem in practice, conducting field research, surveys, working with additional literature. Then planning an experiment based on theoretical knowledge and practical skills and conducting an experiment.

Analysis of work and dissemination of experience results.

Studying the state of atmospheric air in the area of ​​the college, Lenin Square, and the Elaza clinic.

Purpose of the study:

Improving the research activities of the younger generation aimed at studying the nature of their native land and assessing its ecological state;

Study of an area with more favorable environmental indicators.

Research objectives:

Study articles and literature on the topic under study;

Study the state of atmospheric air in various areas and the adverse effects on human health;

Analyze where the air is cleaner and why.

Research methods:

Observation;

Study of literature;

Experiment.

Subject of research

Air.

Getting the job done

We chose 3 places in the city to carry out measurements (college area; Lenin Square; clinic area)

We counted the number of vehicles, dividing them into 4 main types (“cars”, “gazelles”, “buses”, “trucks”), on a section 60 meters long, in 20 minutes. (N)

We calculated the number of vehicles of each type in 1 hour. (N 1 =N*(60/ t))

We calculated the distance traveled in 1 hour by each type.(L=S*N 1 )

We calculated the volume of fuel burned on this selected section of the route.(Q=L*V)

V –specific fuel consumption:

Cars: 0.12 l/km

Gazelle: 0.17 l/km

Bus: 0.42 l/km

Freight: 0.33 l/km

The volume of exhaust gases was calculated. (per 1 liter of fuel produces approximately 16 liters of exhaust)

We calculated the amount of harmful substances emitted by vehicles based on the data obtained on the volume of exhaust and based on Table 1.

We entered all the calculation results into tables, separately for each region.

Calculation example .

College area.

Cars:N = 76

Time:t= 20 min.

Section length:S= 60 m.

Transport per hour:N 1 = N*(60/ t)

N 1 = 76*(60/20)= 228

Distance traveled in 1 hour:L= S* N 1

L= 60*228=13680 m = 13.68 km.

Volume of fuel burned:Q= L* V ( Vfor cars = 0.12 l/km)

Q=13.68*0.12= 1.6416 l

Exhaust volume: for 1 liter of burned fuel there are approximately 16 liters of exhaust.

1.6416*16= 26.2656 l

The minimum and maximum amount of harmful substances, based on the percentage data from the table. #1:

CO 2 min. = 26.2656*0= 0 l

CO 2 max.=26.2656*0.16= 4.202496 l

Soot max.=0.04*(26.2656*0.001)= 0.001050624 gr.

similarly for other substances.

Let's fill out the table. We build graphs of the state of atmospheric air in microdistricts. (Appendix 7)

Conclusion:

As can be seen from the graph, the college area was the cleanest.

And the most polluted area is the Lenin Square area.

Do not pollute the environment and preserve the few parks and green spaces in your area of ​​residence, plant new young trees.

Spend as much time as possible in the fresh air, and use the Internet moderately (20 minutes a day), only when preparing homework.

Participate in planting more trees to improve the health and cleanliness of the area.

A person cannot live without water; the water in our region is quite hard and we can show you how to determine the hardness at home.

Determining water hardness at home

This method was described in his book by I. Sheremetyev. This method is based on the fact that laundry soap, like any other, is difficult to wash out in hard water. And only when the soap binds excess calcium and magnesium salts does soap foam appear.

To determine water hardness, you need to weigh one gram of laundry soap, grind it and carefully dissolve it in a small amount of hot distilled water so as not to form foam. Distilled water can be purchased at auto stores. It is used to add to the battery when the electrolyte concentration increases.

Next, pour the soap solution into a cylindrical glass and add distilled water to a level of 6 centimeters if the soap is 60% or to a level of 7 centimeters if the soap is 72%. The percentage of soap content is indicated on the bar. Now, each centimeter of the level of the soap solution contains an amount of soap capable of binding hardness salts, the amount of which corresponds to 1 mg/l in 1 liter of water. Next, pour half a liter of the water to be tested into a liter jar. And stirring continuously, we gradually add our soap solution from the glass to the jar with the water being tested. At first there will only be gray flakes on the surface. Then multi-colored soap bubbles will appear. The appearance of stable white soap foam indicates that all hardness salts in the water being tested are bound. Now we look at our glass and determine how many centimeters of solution we had to pour from the glass into the water being tested. Each centimeter binds in half a liter of water an amount of salts corresponding to 2 mg/l. Thus, if you had to pour 4 centimeters of soap solution into the water before foam appeared, then the hardness of the water being tested is 8 mg/l.

If you poured the entire soap solution into the water, but no foam appeared, this means that the hardness of the water being tested is more than 12 mg/l. In this case, dilute the test water twice with distilled water. And we analyze again. Now the resulting stiffness result will need to be multiplied by two. The resulting value will correspond to the hardness of the water being tested.

With certain experience, the error of the method is about 1 - 2 mg/l. Which is quite acceptable for our purposes. Considering the simplicity and accessibility of the method, it certainly deserves attention.

I also carried out an experiment, having examined the water at home, I found that the hardness of the water in my house is 12 ml/l, with a norm of 6-7 mg/l - the water is quite hard.

1 . I took a piece of laundry soap weighing 1 gram.

2 .Heated distilled water, crumbled a piece of soap into hot water

3 .Poured hot distilled water into a cylindrical glass.

4 .Added distilled water to a level of 6 cm

5 .Took a liter jar and poured half a liter of the test water into it

6 .Slowly stirring the water in a liter jar, slowly poured in the soap solution.

7. Having poured all the soap solution into a liter jar, I found that the water hardness was 12 mg/l.

Conclusion: the water of this sample is hard, at a rate of 7 mg/l, we got 12 mg/l, the water can be softened by boiling (Appendix 8)

Excursions are important, which contribute to a visual perception of what they see, including an excursion to the water utility. (Appendix 9)

Conclusion.

Conclusion:

The environmental problem is getting worse every year. The air we breathe, the water we drink, and the soil are becoming more and more polluted every day.

Our research shows that transport pollutes the air, the number of springs and wells becomes smaller every year, and the number of landfills, on the contrary, increases.

To do this, we need to hold cleanup days more often, clear everything around of garbage, reduce the number of landfills and plant trees for landscaping.

Ways to solve environmental problems.

Conversion of an internal combustion engine to gaseous fuel;

The existing long-term experience of operating a car using propane-butane mixtures shows a huge environmental effect. The amount of carbon monoxide, heavy metals and hydrocarbons in automobile emissions is sharply reduced;

To reduce the emissions of an entire vehicle fleet, the emissions of each vehicle must be reduced. Engine design needs to be improved.

Replace gasoline and diesel fuel with biofuel, which is more environmentally friendly and safe.

Practical significance of the environmental project:

The developed booklets can be used as propaganda material for the population and in social institutions, when working in children's educational institutions

The materials of this work can be used in classes in NGOs and secondary vocational education institutions in the subject “Ecological foundations of environmental management”, in particular, when studying the topic “Industrial enterprises and waste disposal”, in the subject “Fundamentals of Law” when studying the section “Environmental Law”, can be used as information material when conducting extracurricular activities on environmental education.

And also in the subject “Chemistry” when studying the topics “The most important classes of inorganic compounds”, “Water”, “Production of sulfuric acid”, “Production of nitric acid”, “Production of ammonia”, “Industrial oil refining”.

This work has applied significance, where elements of the promising research work were carried out independently and will help teachers in the formation of an environmental culture.

Thus, by forming an ecological culture among students, a general personal culture is formed, aimed at developing norms of moral, humane behavior of people and caring for the environment - a condition for the formation of an environmental culture - the effective implementation of professional activities.

Bibliography:

Aksenov I. We and our land. M.: Young Guard, 1986.

Alekseeva A. The Earth is our home. Publisher: Young Guard, 1999.

Akhatov A. Ecology. Encyclopedic Dictionary. Kazan, Tatar book publishing house, 1995.

Great Medical Encyclopedia, M, 2001. Editor-in-Chief – Academician V.V. Petrovsky; Volume No. 4, Edition 3; publishing house: “Soviet Encyclopedia” Moscow, 1976. Publisher: Media Service Company CJSC; editor Matte Black.

Mamedov N.M. “Theoretical foundations” of environmental education - M. - 1995.

Ursul A.D. “The path to the noosphere. The concept of survival and sustainable development" - M. - 1993.

Appendix 1.

Questioning.

The survey results are presented in the graph:

Appendix 2.

Bird dining room – “Bird Paradise”.

Appendix 3.

Spruce protection

Neretin Ilya. 631 “Welding production”

Take care of the Christmas trees!

We take great care of our Christmas trees,

And as an insult, we don’t give them to anyone.

You, not knowing how much benefit they bring to us,

Chop them without sparing, with your axe.

Do you understand these loud words,

And after thinking about it, cut down this Christmas tree or No !!!

Appendix 4.

Let's clean up the city!

Appendix 5.

Drawing competition.

Volkov Alexander 291 “Mechanical Engineering Technology” -Iplace

Nigemov Niyaz 231 “Welding production”

Shaydullova Alsou 221 “Technology of public catering products”

Kharisova Rezeda 481 “Chemical technology of inorganic substances”

Safiulin Rail 951a "Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles"

Appendix 6.

Booklet competition.

Kreshchenov Mikhail. 481 “Chemical technology of inorganic substances”

Let's save the forests!

Pines

Forget the disease, open the window, breathe in

pine pre-dawn humidity,

meaningfully remain silent about important things,

and don’t notice anything else at all.

Perhaps these pines are tall

not because nature's plan,

but because the sailing fleet

laid down, contrary to nature.

And in each there is a silent dream,

say “dream” and you will hear “mast”

everything else doesn’t mean more,

than empty squirrel vanity.

Everything else is wet slice,

and the prospect of living with phantom pain,

and see how it crosses the field

road leaving the forest.

Andrey Medinsky

Forest is the main wealth of man. It is called the lungs of the planet, it provides people with wood, mushrooms and berries, and serves as a home for animals. The forest will disappear from the globe, animals and birds will disappear, and man himself will disappear. And these are not loud words, it really is so. Preserving the forest is an important task for each of us.

Appendix 7.

Table No. 1

Content of harmful substances in exhaust gases.

Substances

Gasoline engines

Diesels

Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) , about.%

0,0-16,0

1,0-10,0

Carbon monoxide (CO) , about.%

0,1-5,0

0,01-0,5

Nitrogen oxides (NO), about.%

0,0-0,8

0,0002-0,5

Hydrocarbons(CH), about.%

0,2-3,0

0,09-0,5

Aldehydes, vol.%

0,0-0,2

0,001-0,009

Soot, g/m 3

0,0-0,04

0,01-1,10

Benzpyrene g/m 3

10-20·10 −6

10×10 −6

College area.

amount of transport

section length

time

number of vehicles per hour

specific fuel consumption

burnt fuel

passenger cars:

min

228

13,68

km

0,12

l/km

1,6416

liters

gazelle:

18

54

3,24

km

0,17

l/km

0,5508

liters

bus:

2

6

0,36

km

0,42

l/km

0,1512

liters

cargo:

0

0

0

km

0,33

l/km

0

liters

CO2 ( k)

CO( k)

NO( k)

exhaust volume

min.

Max.

min.

Max.

min.

Max.

passenger cars:

26,2656

liters

0

4,202496

0,0262656

1,31328

0

0,2101248

gazelle:

8,8128

liters

0

1,410048

0,0088128

0,44064

0

0,0705024

bus:

2,4192

liters

0

0,387072

0,0024192

0,12096

0

0,0193536

cargo:

0

liters

0

0

0

0

0

0

Content of harmful substances.

Lenin Square

Number of vehicles on the roads.

amount of transport

section length

time

number of vehicles per hour

total distance traveled in 1 hour

specific fuel consumption

burnt fuel

passenger cars:

228

60

m

20

min

684

41,04

km

0,12

l/km

4,9248

liters

gazelle:

34

102

6,12

km

0,17

l/km

1,0404

liters

bus:

4

12

0,72

km

0,42

l/km

0,3024

liters

cargo:

0

0

0

km

0,33

l/km

0

liters

CO2 ( k)

CO( k)

NO( k)

exhaust volume

min.

Max.

min.

Max.

min.

Max.

passenger cars:

78,7968

liters

0

12,60749

0,0787968

3,93984

0

0,6303744

gazelle:

16,6464

liters

0

2,663424

0,0166464

0,83232

0

0,1331712

bus:

4,8384

liters

0

0,774144

0,0048384

0,24192

0

0,0387072

cargo:

0

liters

0

0

0

0

0

0

Content of harmful substances.

ELAZ Polyclinic.

Number of vehicles on the roads

amount of transport

section length

time

number of vehicles per hour

total distance traveled in 1 hour

specific fuel consumption

burnt fuel

passenger cars:

228

60

m

20

min

684

41,04

km

0,12

l/km

4,9248

liters

gazelle:

34

102

6,12

km

0,17

l/km

1,0404

liters

bus:

4

12

0,72

km

0,42

l/km

0,3024

liters

cargo:

0

0

0

km

0,33

l/km

0

liters

CO2 ( k)

CO( k)

NO( k)

exhaust volume

min.

Max.

min.

Max.

min.

Max.

passenger cars:

78,7968

liters

0

12,60749

0,0787968

3,93984

0

0,6303744

gazelle:

16,6464

liters

0

2,663424

0,0166464

0,83232

0

0,1331712

bus:

4,8384

liters

0

0,774144

0,0048384

0,24192

0

0,0387072

cargo:

0

liters

0

0

0

0

0

0

Content of harmful substances.

Based on the results obtained, a graph was constructed that clearly shows the pollution of individual microdistricts.

Comparison of air pollution in city neighborhoods.

Appendix 8.

How to determine water hardness at home:

1.

2.

3,4.

5,6.

Appendix 9.

Excursion to the water utility

At the water utility, to purify and disinfect water, they addAl2 (SO4)3

Polyacrymiline

Filtration of water from large particles

Filters where water is purified using quartz sand

Ecology occupies a special place among the global problems of the modern world, which are transnational and interstate in nature.

The issue of the relationship between people and nature has always been acute, but with the advent of the third millennium, contradictions in the chain “individual – society – surrounding nature” reached their maximum.

Over the past few decades, the most heated discussions among scientists, the public, world organizations and governments of different countries have taken place against the backdrop of the relationship between humanity and nature.

Topics of research work on ecology are related to the problems that exist in modern reality, this includes everything.

Ocean pollution

Nowadays, many harmful substances enter the ocean: plastics, oil, pesticides, chemical and industrial waste, which negatively affects the existence of marine fauna. From this it is clear that it is directly related to human activity, i.e. anthropogenic.

Significant damage to the ocean is caused by:

• Washing tanker holds, resulting in the release of 8 to 20 barrels of oil into its waters annually. This figure does not take into account accidents that occur during the transportation of oil by sea. The resulting oil film blocks the access of oxygen to the water, causing the extinction of plankton and fish.
• Heavy metals entering water. The most harmful of them are chromium, lead, mercury, nickel, cadmium and copper. According to statistics, about 50,000 of these metals are discharged into the waters of the North Sea alone every year.
  ingress of wastewater with a high content of pesticides - aldrin, dieldrin and endrin, which can be deposited in the tissues of living organisms.
• Tributyltin chloride (TBT), which is widely used for painting ship keels, has a detrimental effect on marine life as a protection against surface fouling by algae and shells. Scientists have proven that this substance prevents the reproduction of one of the crustaceans - the trumpeter.
• In recent years, ocean waters have become increasingly used for the deployment of nuclear missile weapons and for the burial of radioactive substances, which also leads to negative consequences.

Today, the protection of ocean waters is one of the most pressing problems of all mankind. In 1982, during the UN Conference, participants adopted the Convention on the Law of the Sea, which introduced a number of restrictions on the use of the waters of the World Ocean.

Thus, protecting its resources and combating pollution have become of particular importance.

The United States, Canada, Japan, India, Europe and other countries annually launch satellites to collect remote sensing data.

The precision resolution capabilities of such devices are constantly increasing; In addition, the set of parameters that characterize the state of the external environment, measured from space, is expanding. America and the European Space Agency are opening up more and more access to satellite data; The number of specialists involved in the development and implementation of new international projects is constantly growing.

Global warming in the Arctic

The problem of global warming in the Arctic is occurring at catastrophic speed. The consequences could be the disappearance of the summer habitats of polar bears and a critical rise in sea levels on the planet.

This assessment of global climate change was made by members of an international group of climatologists. The warning issued by scientists could influence the United States and several other industrialized countries to reduce emissions from burning fossil fuels.

The report of a study aimed at studying the effects of global warming in the Arctic states:

• The melting of glaciers, which contain huge amounts of fresh water, can cause sea levels to rise by 7 meters in a few hundred years. According to expert calculations, in this century, due to exceeding the threshold temperature in the Arctic, prolonged melting of the ice sheet may occur.
• Arctic temperatures are rising twice as fast as the rest of the planet. Over the past 50 years, the average winter temperature in Chukotka, western Canada and Alaska has increased by 3.5 ºС. In the next century, this figure may reach 6.5 ºС.
• The area of ​​pack ice located in the Arctic Ocean is sharply decreasing. Over the past 30 years, their area has decreased by 20%; by the end of this century their area may be reduced by another 10-50%. There is an opinion that by 2040, Arctic pack ice may completely disappear.

Each of the above changes can contribute to acceleration. The influx of fresh water into the Atlantic Ocean could alter planetary ocean currents, which in turn would disrupt climatic conditions, meteorological events, and concentrations of fish and other marine life resources.

This study was conducted over a period of 4.5 years; The customer was the Arctic Council and the International Arctic Science Committee. Council members include senior officials from the United States, Canada, Finland, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Iceland, Russia and leaders of indigenous organizations in the Arctic region. 300 scientists from polar research centers from around the world are taking part in the work.

Changes are now being observed and predicted in all aspects of the life of the Arctic population - agriculture, transportation patterns and lifestyles, as well as local fauna - for example, many rare species of migratory birds may lose their breeding grounds.

The problem of food waste disposal

Over the past ten years, the problem of waste minimization and recycling has attracted the attention of many economic sectors. However, among other wastes, food waste receives less attention than others. For many decades, huge amounts of crops harvested in a number of developing countries have not become useful food products.
The situation is becoming increasingly serious due to the fact that these countries are providing minimal assistance to solve the problem.

According to a study conducted by UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme), over 50% of all food produced today is lost, wasted or wasted due to ineffective food chain designs in restaurants and grocery stores.

This fact was confirmed by another study commissioned by the NRA (national restaurant association) - as it turned out, in British restaurants, 65% of food waste is thrown away during cooking and only about 30% remains on the plates.

Together Against Waste will be founded in 74 countries around the world, with groups of industry experts working together to address the issue of reducing food waste. By uniting consumers and partners in a commitment to minimizing waste, the movement aims to develop effective ways to reduce food loss and waste management around the world.

The importance of conducting international research in the field of ecology

The tasks of monitoring the state of nature on a planetary scale contain many criteria. One of the main issues is the determination of the maximum permissible influence of the population on the Earth, in particular on its.

An example of a modern global monitoring project is the EOS system in the United States. This is a long-term program designed for 15 years and of a scientific nature. The work is carried out on the basis of data received from three satellites, which are serviced by the orbital system, in order to study in detail the state of the planet's ecology.

Research at school

In our country, scientific research work on ecology begins to be carried out at school, thus introducing children to world problems. Starting from elementary grades, educational and research work is included in the school curriculum for students.

1 Comment

Indeed, environmental problems (unfortunately) are of little concern to anyone. More attention should be paid to studying ways to reduce the negative impact of human activity.

Goal: to expand the scope of knowledge of the surrounding natural world of our area. Objectives: -To educate the ecological culture of younger schoolchildren; -Expand the area of ​​knowledge about environmental problems of the native land and attract the attention of the younger generation to them. -Develop the ability to work with received information: process, classify and present it.

Ecology is a fashionable word, Nature did not know this before, Banks and bottles were not thrown into the bushes, Waste and oil were not poured into the river. Our planet is still alive, but without protection it will die! If you want the world to become green, don't cut down the birch and maple trees!

Research apron Forests of Zelenograd - influence the entire ecosystem of the city Properties of the forest: health, recreation of people. Source of various raw materials (berries, mushrooms, wood) The influence of the forest on all types of the biosphere (people, animals, plants) Types of forests: coniferous, birch, pine, aspen, spruce forests Function of the forest: the main source of oxygen, it regulates water and soil balance

There was a picturesque pond where local residents loved to relax, on the banks of which rare birds of our area (lapwings) built their nests, but now it is gone, because... the banks are littered with garbage, it is not cleaned, the pond has turned into a large dirty puddle. The same story happened with the river in the village of Kamenka.

Riddle I'm wearing a bright red beret, In a gray satin jacket, I'm a friend to all the trees, And everyone calls me... beetles a day Where have the woodpeckers, the forest orderlies, gone?

Survey among the population We conducted a survey of 50 people of different ages. The question was: Who saw and heard woodpeckers in the wild and when? People aged 40 years and older are well acquainted with this bird and know what it looks like. People from 27 to 40 years old were less likely to encounter it, and some people did not encounter woodpeckers in the forest. But the lowest percentage of respondents was among elementary school students; more than half of the children had never seen or heard the sound of woodpeckers. The number of woodpeckers has decreased and this also affected the spread of pest beetles.

We see that birds can no longer fully cope with this problem. Therefore, man comes to the aid of nature. Only cutting down diseased trees can stop the massive spread of these beetles. We learned that this year 6,500 trees were cut down and 4,500 were planted, many of which did not take root. This means that more trees are being cut down than are being planted.

17 Conclusions: 1. We learned to collect, classify and analyze the information received, as well as present the product of our work. 2. As a result of our work, we came to the understanding that nothing in nature is superfluous and everything is interconnected; 3. We want to involve as many people as possible in solving environmental problems in our area;