Science always amazes with its new discoveries, turning things that one could only dream of into real working inventions, which we, in turn, often take for granted in a world of frantic rhythm. Especially, which is developing at such a speed that some of the same things we are used to seeing in science fiction films will soon find their way to the healthcare system. All of these innovations have the potential to change the face of the healthcare industry and the lives of millions of people.

From human head transplants and cancer traps to new treatments for depression, all these medical changes will become a reality in 2017. If some of the innovations seem crazy, remember that once upon a time video communications, smartphones and space travel were only the pages of science fiction books.

15. Fast healthcare with compatible resources

Many health insurance departments and companies around the world have been under enormous pressure for many years. Some of them are already close to closing due to a pointlessly complicated system. As a result, patients experience excruciating delays when it comes to paying medical bills or making routine doctor appointments.

Thanks to the BZSR, the health care system will function much more easily. The BZSR will act as a translator between the two health care systems. This will help streamline the clinical data return process. Why is this so revolutionary? Because more life-saving data can be shared across departments, which means more lives will be saved. You may be interested in the article 10 myths about homeopathy.

14. Wireless health monitoring

Smartwatches can track your fitness levels and help you stay fit. But what about technology that you can carry with you everywhere and that can also save your life? In 2013, a team of Swiss biologists developed an implantable device that could monitor substances in the blood and send this data to a phone. Researchers hope that the device will be ready for sale by 2017.

The device is 14 mm long and its surface is partially coated with an enzyme that will be able to detect chemical elements such as glucose and lactate. Essentially, this thing can track in real time and may be able to warn a patient of a heart attack hours in advance. Despite the fact that the device is at the development stage, the potential of this mini-laboratory is amazing.

13. Improved car safety and driverless models

If the idea of ​​driverless cars is scary, think about the horrific statistics involving cars with a driver at the steering wheel. More than 38,000 car accidents each year result in death or disability.

Luckily, car safety is getting smarter every day. Whether there will be driverless cars or not, one thing is certain - your four-wheeled friend will take care of your safety. Automatic features like collision warning sensors, softer cruise control and anti-sleep devices will find their way into cars released in 2017. Slowly but surely, safety technology is aiming to remove the human element from driving.

12. Dental regeneration

By 2017, rotting and falling teeth can be regenerated. A team of Japanese cytologists at the University of Tokyo has demonstrated tooth regeneration in mice, and they now believe that with further research, this technology could be made available to humans.

Using a combination of stem cells and specific dental germs from mouse embryos, the team successfully grew a new tooth in a mouse's jaw in 36 days, complete with roots, pulp and outer layer of enamel - just like a real one! Once the procedure is available, it will cost a considerable amount of money.

11. Microbiome

The gastrointestinal tract is home to trillions of bacteria that create a community called the microbiome. What's both scary and great here is that these germs can release chemicals into the body that interfere with food digestion, response to medications, or help spread disease.

10. Diabetes medications to reduce heart disease

For decades, diabetes has been a major problem. People with diabetes are twice as likely to have heart disease or suffer a stroke than those who don't. However, thanks to medications, patients have a better chance of living a long, healthy life with diabetes.

9. Liquid biopsy that looks for cancer

Typically, to find cancer cells in the body, a biopsy is used, which involves collecting a large amount of tissue from the patient. Fortunately, a less painful and expensive form of biopsy is on the way. A liquid biopsy is a blood test that will show signs of cancerous DNA.

This incredible leap means that cancer could soon be detected through cerebrospinal fluid, body fluids, and even urine. New tests will be carried out next year. With advances like these, it's not that hard to imagine a world without cancer.

8. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for leukemia

Chimeric antigen receptor– a form of cellular immunotherapy. It represents an incredible breakthrough for leukemia patients. The therapy involves removing T cells and genetically altering them to target and destroy cancer cells.

Once the cancer cells are destroyed, the T cells remain in the body to prevent recurrence. This unique treatment could end chemotherapy in the future and may even be able to treat advanced stages of leukemia.

7. Bioabsorbable stents

600,000 patients have metal stents implanted to treat blocked coronary arteries. Once the artery has widened, the stents remain in the body forever. In rare cases, they can cause blood clots, ironically defeating the whole purpose of the stent itself.

Fortunately, a new self-dissolving stent will allow patients to rely less on medications for blockages. This new stent is made from a naturally dissolving polymer. It widens arteries like regular stents, but remains in the body for two years before being absorbed internally.

6. Treatment of depression with ketamine

Even in 2016, we don't know much about depression and the various effects it has on people, making it an even more severe illness. A third of patients do not respond to traditional medications due to lack of research and development, costing lives.

However, a ray of hope exists in the form of ketamine. Formerly known as " party A drug, ketamine contains properties that are aimed at inhibiting NMDA receptors in nerve cells. These receptors are extremely responsive to symptoms of depression. Studies have already shown that 70% of patients with drug-resistant depression noticed improvements in symptoms after 24 hours.

Such successful effects of ketamine on patients have already prompted the development of other drugs targeting NMDA to increase the availability of more effective treatments for depression in 2017.

5. HPV self-testing

HPV is responsible for 99% of cervical cancer cases. And the worry here is that many women around the world may be at risk of dying from cervical cancer even without the ability to get diagnosed.

Currently, HPV prevention and treatment is limited to women with access to HPV testing and vaccines, leaving women completely in the dark when it comes to identifying the dangerous virus. Fortunately, scientists plan to increase peace of mind for women in 2017. Self-testing for HPV will allow patients to send samples to a laboratory.

4. 3D aids in surgery

Surgery is incredibly complex at the best of times, but for eye surgeons and neurosurgeons it is even more difficult because they are timed to the minute. In these cases, attention to detail is a matter of life and death. Many surgeons must perform jewelry work for hours with their heads bowed and looking through a microscope, which puts constant strain on their back and neck.

This approach to work is not productive for both the surgeon and the patient. This is why new 3D cameras have been developed. They assist surgeons and their colleagues during complex operations. These 3D cameras create holographic anatomical aids that allow surgeons to work more comfortably. Rishi Singh, a surgeon at the Cleveland Institute of Eye Microsurgery, has been working with the new technology for 6 months. He notes that this widens the field of view and provides greater comfort. Knowing that the surgeon is comfortable, the patient himself will feel more confident.

3. HIV vaccine

Between 1983 (when HIV was first described) and 2010, the HIV/AIDS virus claimed the lives of more than 35 million people around the world. Many people are living with this virus. A working HIV vaccine is seen as the holy grail. Extensive testing of the vaccine, which appeared in 2012, is fortunately leading ever closer to this very holy grail.

The 2012 vaccine, known as SAV001, was successfully tested in experimental animals and has now entered the human testing phase in Canada. The vaccine was administered to women and men aged 18 to 50 with positive results. Patients did not experience any side effects or reactions to the injections and even showed an increase in immunity. The vaccine had positive results in phases 2 and 3. It is hoped that it will be commercially available in 2017.

2. Treatment of prostate cancer with FUVI

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of male cancer-related death in men over 50. What makes prostate cancer deadly is that it spreads very quickly to other parts of the body, including the bones and lymph nodes.

Fortunately, survival rates from prostate cancer are increasing, thanks to new effective forms of treatment. FUVI was used in a 2012 study in which cancer cells were killed and 95% of participants were cured after 12 months. FUVI targets cancer cells the size of a grain of rice and heats them to 80-90 degrees. This effectively kills cancer cells in one area without damaging healthy tissue nearby.

Since then, more testing has been carried out with similar successful results. The treatment is set to be offered worldwide in 2017, potentially saving the lives of thousands of men every year.

You have heard about hair and face transplantation. Now an ambitious Italian surgeon wants to attempt the first human head transplant. Sergio Canavero even has a volunteer for the incredibly risky and complex procedure, 31-year-old Russian man Valery Spiridonov, who suffers from muscular dystrophy and has been wheelchair-bound his entire life.

The record-breaking operation will take place in December 2017. The procedure will involve 150 medical personnel and will take about 36 hours, during which the donor's head and body will be frozen to -15 degrees to prevent cell death.

Due to his poor condition and limited life expectancy, Spiridonov considers the risk worthwhile. Let's hope Dr. Canavero can pull this off... (and put everything back together correctly).

At the same time, they are very fruitful. Scientists have made a number of scientific breakthroughs and created many useful medicines.

LJ Media invites you to familiarize yourself with new medical advances 2016.

Antibiotic Apocalypse

Back in the spring of 2016, the UK's Chief Medical Officer Sally Davis proclaimed the "Antibiotic Apocalypse" because bacteria were able to adapt to all new types of antibiotics and steel immune to them. This did not happen overnight, but the situation began to raise serious concerns. If nothing changes soon, it will be impossible to perform operations, the number of deaths from pneumonia will increase, childbirth will become dangerous, etc.

However, science did not stand still, and pleased new medical advances 2016. Using the example antibiotic rifampicin- an anti-tuberculosis drug, scientists at the University of Virginia were able to establish how it works mechanism for the body to become accustomed to antibiotics and reduce their effectiveness.

And in Hong Kong, a group of scientists synthesized teixobactin, which can fight a number of pathogens, including the deadly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococcus and mycobacterial tuberculosis.

However, you can fight bacteria not only with antibiotics. As scientists from Melbourne found out, peptide polymers can kill bacteria, resistant to all known types of antibiotics, without causing harm to the human body.

Antibiotic problem not resolved, but scientists hope the discovery could be the start new era in disease control that cannot be treated with medications.

Getting rid of HIV

Despite winning a protracted war with cancer medicine has not yet succeeded, scientists have achieved new medical advances 2016, having made a number of important discoveries in the fight against another, no less insidious, disease - HIV.

The case of complete recovery from HIV was recorded in the fall of 2016. Vaccine, which the 44-year-old Londoner received, helped the immune system detect infected cells so that it could then destroy them. Theoretically, this eliminates the possibility of the disease returning.

However, it is still too early to talk about the final victory over HIV. Even if it turns out that the first experiment was truly successful, vaccine trials will continue for another 5 years.

American scientists also contributed to the treatment of HIV by developing antibodies capable of neutralizing 98% of virus strains. They have a long-lasting effect and can not only prevent the disease, but also treat it.

Ways have also been found to stop the spread melanoma, kidney cancer, reducing cell resistance to drugs pancreatic tumors.

Birth of the chimeras

DNA editing, which began its victorious march at the end of 2015, continued in full swing in 2016. Spanish scientists were able to reprogram skin cells and created human sperm from them to treat infertility. American - fully learned rewrite the genome of a living bacterium, which will make it possible to create organisms with hitherto unprecedented properties and cultivate immunity to viruses in them. They also discovered a mechanism for reversing the biological clock of human embryonic stem cells, which opens up unlimited prospects for transplantology - up to the cultivation of “spare” human organs in animal bodies(so-called genetic chimeras).

However, despite the fact that medicine has come very close to the ability to create artificial vessels, glands and tissues, growing full-fledged human organs in animal bodies, .

The law currently prohibits the cultivation of embryos chimeras(human-animal hybrids) for more than 28 days, after which the experiment must be stopped. This is what was done by geneticists at the University of California at Davis, who combined human stem cells and pig DNA.

2016 was the year instant diagnostics. Fewer and fewer people want to stand in line to get a referral for testing, and some, even if they want to, cannot get to a hospital with modern equipment. Wearable devices and nanotechnology have made it possible to create devices that identifying diseases quickly, by a drop of blood, saliva, tears and breath.

A nanobiosensor was created in Hong Kong for Diagnosis of influenza and Ebola fever. Using a smartphone, it has become possible to perform computer perimetry - determination of the boundaries of the field of view, an important test for diagnosis glaucoma.

And Israeli scientists have invented a device reminiscent of the tricorder from Star Trek - breath analyzer, which detects 17 diseases based on a single exhalation. It became possible to make a diagnosis even by voice.

Hopes for the future

We'll likely see even more next year medical gadgets and smartphone applications. The data collected from fitness trackers will become useful information, and not just a collection of meaningless information.

In turn genetic analysis for heredity will become a publicly available practice.

Technology will become more accurate, and healthcare legislation will help protect personal data from misuse.

Chatbots and AI will increasingly penetrate medical institutions and optimize their work. And maybe diabetics will be able to, finally, take advantage those numerous inventions (including the world's first artificial pancreas), which appeared in 2016, but have not yet reached patients.

Bill Gates, asked about the achievements of genetic engineering, stated that discoveries in the field of medicine will be incredible, but capabilities like gene editing could lead to problems in the future.

fishki.net/2190693-apokalipsis-i-himery-medi

​We are no longer surprised when revolutionary discoveries in medicine quickly become applied in practice and make it possible to preserve the most valuable thing we have - health. What has medical science accomplished this year?

Discovery 1. Medicines in nanocapsules
In the new century, global pharmaceuticals are setting themselves extremely difficult tasks to change the usual forms of drugs. The tablets should act instantly, precisely and without side effects. This year, Russian scientists from Tomsk Polytechnic University (TPU) also joined the global trend. In the new TPU laboratory, preparations have begun for a joint study with representatives of the International Association of Russian-Speaking Scientists (RASA). Scientists will develop technologies for controlled delivery of drugs into the patient’s body.

We are talking about spherical microscopic nanocapsules. Their sizes are comparable to erythrocytes - red blood cells. Once in the body, nanocapsules carry out targeted delivery of the drug to the organ that needs to be treated. Then the capsule opens and the contents fall directly onto the affected area. The scheme of action is as follows: doctors take the patient’s blood, add nanocapsules with a drug inside, and then inject the patient’s own blood back into it. The body does not perceive it as something foreign and does not give an immune response to treatment.

Scientists in Germany and a number of other countries are currently developing chemical targeted drug delivery. Scientists from Tomsk focused on physical methods of delivering nanocapsules and developing remotely controlled systems with which the doctor can direct the drug to a specific point. The new technology will significantly facilitate the treatment of blood clots in cardiovascular diseases, including stroke and myocardial infarction. When treating diabetes, a nanocapsule with insulin can be directed to the area where the largest amount of sugar is concentrated.

Discovery 2. New painkillers for childbirth
It seems that soon the walls of maternity hospitals will no longer hear the painful screams of expectant mothers. Scientists from the University of South Australia have found a way to make labor easier and relieve women from pain using... a nasal spray. The innovative product is based on the analgesic fentanyl, which is as effective as pethidine, which is used as a pain reliever during childbirth. However, the nasal spray is much more convenient to use and begins to act faster than injections. Moreover, according to doctors, the pethidine formula is already outdated. “It takes some time for pethidine to start working. Moreover, it takes a long time to be eliminated from the body of the mother and child. Fentanyl works faster, more efficiently and with fewer side effects,” commented the author of the method, Julie Fleet, on the mechanism of action of the new spray.

The new product has already been tested in action. Mothers in labor expressed approval for the life-saving spray. Scientists are confident that in the near future, pain relief with the help of an innovative remedy will become a routine procedure, approximately the same as treating a runny nose. And at the same time a worthy alternative to epidural anesthesia.

Discovery 3. Sperm motor
The problem of infertility is so pressing all over the world that scientists are developing simply fantastic ways to solve it. For example, researchers from Germany have proposed a way to increase sperm motility so that they have time to fertilize an egg. Slow spermatozoa will be hastened by special “pushers” - engines. They are microscopic spirals that are attached to the tails of sperm. Having accelerated with the help of such a “motor”, the sperm will be able to successfully reach the goal. The know-how has already been tested in laboratory conditions, but so far its use is only applicable for in vitro fertilization. Scientists hope that in the near future they will be able to apply their invention in the natural conditions of the female body.

Discovery 4. Human head transplant
When we read the novel “The Head of Professor Dowell,” we did not dare to imagine that we would witness... a human head transplant. And this is not a fantasy, but a real achievement of this year. It all started, of course, with a monkey. Chinese neurosurgeon Xiaoping Ren announced earlier this year that he was able to transplant a head into a mammal while keeping the brain intact. According to the scientist, the monkey underwent surgery without neurological damage and lived for a full 20 hours. Then, of course, she was euthanized for ethical reasons. And scientists, inspired by the success of their Chinese colleague, moved on.

And now Italian surgeon Sergio Cavero plans to perform a revolutionary operation to transplant a human head in December 2017. Russian programmer Valery Spiridonov agreed to participate in the project under the symbolic name “Heaven”. The 30-year-old man suffers from Werding-Hofmann disease, which leaves him wheelchair-bound. The disease progresses every year, so Valery is not afraid even of the possibility that the operation may fail and end sadly for him. There is currently serious debate among neurosurgeons. Some believe that a head transplant is hypothetically possible, but are not confident of success, while others consider all this to be nothing more than a gamble. We will soon find out which of them is right.

Discovery 5. Adult lung transplant to a child
Russian traumatologists ended the year with great success. At the Federal Scientific Center for Transplantology and Artificial Organs named after. Academician V.I. Shumakov of the Russian Ministry of Health managed to successfully transplant a lung from an adult to a child suffering from cystic fibrosis. Before this, there was no such practice in the country. The transplant operation was performed on a 13-year-old girl using the original method of bilateral lobar transplantation. It lasted about 10 hours, and 18 hours after the operation the child was able to breathe on his own.

Despite the fact that a lung transplant does not completely cure the disease and medications will have to be taken for the rest of their lives, for children it is a real chance to live a full life and experience all the delights of childhood. After treatment, children with cystic fibrosis will be able to enjoy simple things - play outside, go to school and, most importantly, breathe deeply.

Discovery 6. Robot assistant

This year, for the first time in Russia, a Da Vinci robotic surgeon assisted during surgery on the abdominal aorta. The femoral bypass surgery was performed using the laparoscopic method by specialists from the Novosibirsk Research Institute of Circulatory Pathology named after. E. N. Meshalkina. It involves installing a prosthesis (shunt) inside a blood vessel to restore blood circulation in the lower extremities. Typically, a more traditional method is used for these purposes, without the involvement of a robotic assistant. But in this case there were a number of contraindications to performing a conventional operation. In addition to narrowing in the abdominal part of the aorta, the operated patient was obese, which made access difficult and threatened a number of complications in the postoperative period.

Robotic surgery minimized trauma, blood loss, pain, and postoperative complications. The patient was fitted with a double-branch prosthesis, through which blood passes directly from the abdominal aorta to the arteries of the thighs, bypassing the narrowing area, which is excluded from the general circulation. This technique is used only in a few medical centers around the world, and in Russia this is the first such case.

Discovery 7. Placebo works!
Doctors have long known the placebo effect, but what Israeli researchers were able to prove deserves the title of discovery of the year. It turns out that pacifiers work not only when people are unaware that they are taking a placebo, but also when they are informed that they are not taking a drug. The experiment by Israeli scientists involved 97 people who suffered from chronic lower back pain. One group took only medications, while others were given additional cellulose tablets labeled “pacifier.” Those who drank a placebo in addition to conventional medications reported 9-16% more successful treatment than those who drank only medications. Thus, it was possible to expand the concept of the placebo effect and confirm that pacifiers work even on those who know what they are taking. That is, the effect depends not only on the patient’s belief in the reality of the medicine being taken. This discovery has puzzled scientists, who intend to continue their research to understand what is really behind the placebo effect.

Discovery 8. Schizophrenia is not a death sentence
It would seem that psychiatrists have just dispelled the established opinion that schizophrenia is a death sentence for a person’s normal life. And now there is new encouraging data on obtaining even more effective treatment methods. The discovery in the study of one of the most mysterious diseases of mankind belongs to American geneticists, who managed to determine the biological cause of schizophrenia. Experts have identified the same innate immunity gene responsible for mental disorders. And they tested their discovery on 65,000 experiment participants. It turned out that when a gene is too active, it begins to destroy very important neural connections in the human brain. Now that the culprit has been caught red-handed, doctors will be able to treat the cause of schizophrenia rather than its symptoms.

Discovery 9. Surgery to install a heart valve through a neck puncture
For the first time in the world, Russian surgeons from the Tomsk Research Institute of Cardiology performed an operation to install a heart valve through a puncture in the neck of a child. Previously, such manipulations were carried out only by adults. I had to do the experiment for several reasons. Before this, the child had already undergone surgery to replace the valve, but it stopped functioning properly. Considering that the classic operation is complex, requires a large amount of anesthesia, and the child was in serious condition, and besides, this was not his first operation, it was decided to take a risk. Everything went well, and the child was discharged from the hospital within a few weeks. Now nothing threatens his health, long and fulfilling life.

1. Average life expectancy in 2018 is 72.7 years. Over the last decade, this figure has increased by almost 5 years (in 2008, the average life expectancy in Russia was 67.85 years).

2. Infant mortality in 2018 was 5.5 cases per 1000 children born alive. In 2008, this figure was 8.5 cases. Thus, over the past 10 years it has decreased by approximately 35%. Experts attribute this to an increase in the availability of medical care and the opening of new perinatal centers in the regions of Russia.

3. About 1 million patients will receive high-tech medical care in 2018. Ten years ago there were only 60 thousand such patients per year. This is explained by the fact that the network of medical institutions that provide such assistance has expanded threefold over the past five years alone.

4. Mortality from cardiovascular diseases has reached its lowest level in the last 10 years. Now heart and vascular diseases account for 48% of the total share of deaths. In 2008, this figure was 58%.

5. Healthcare expenses in 2018 will amount to 479.7 billion rubles. And in the next three years, this figure will increase by another 100 billion rubles. In 2008, 278.2 billion rubles were spent on healthcare.

New technologies

6. The Electronic Medical Record project is gaining momentum. Today it operates successfully in 34 regions of Russia. This system allows different medical institutions to exchange patient data. It is impossible to lose such a card - all information is stored on electronic media.

7. In 2018, legislators legalized online consultations with doctors, which increased the availability of medical care. Thanks to the new law, patients can contact a doctor remotely and receive recommendations via the Internet.

8. More and more surgical operations are performed using robots. There are 16 robots working in Moscow hospitals alone. The use of robots allows making jewelry cuts in a very small area, enlarging the object of intervention tens of times, and, unlike a living person, the robot does not get tired and does not make mistakes. However, this does not mean that you can do without a surgeon, because only a person can control the robot.

9. Biochips for rapid cancer diagnosis have been developed at several scientific institutions in Russia. New technology can significantly reduce analysis time. It only takes a few hours to make a diagnosis using a biochip.

10. Work is underway in the field of studying and using stem cells. So, in 2018, Russian scientists created insulin-producing cells that can fight diabetes. Unique cells are grown in laboratories from different types of stem cells. After this, they are used to replace pancreatic tissue damaged by diabetes. Russian specialists have already learned to create equivalents of human organs and organ systems from autologous (taken from the patient himself) cells. Thus, an autologous urethra and elements of cartilage tissue have already been created.

Unique operations

11. The patient had a new liver grown. In 2018, doctors at the Botkin Hospital performed a complex operation on the liver of a cancer patient. The patient's liver was almost completely affected by metastases. Less than 20% of the cells remained healthy, which are not enough for life. Doctors decided to grow a healthy section of the liver. A special drug was injected into the part of the liver affected by the tumor, which glued the blood vessels together. This stopped the tumor from growing. And for a month and a half, blood fed only a healthy lobe of the liver, thanks to which it grew to the desired size. Surgeons successfully removed the affected part of the liver, and today, according to research, there are no more cancer cells in the body. The disease was defeated.

12. A prosthetic heart valve was placed on a newborn baby. In St. Petersburg this year, for the first time in Russia, a complex operation on the heart of a baby was performed. The baby was born with a severe heart defect - one of the two vessels and the valve that provides pulmonary blood flow were missing. Instead of the missing valve, the baby was implanted with a homograph - someone else's living flesh, a prosthesis taken from an examined donor. The main difficulty for surgeons was the size of the newborn patient’s heart, which was the size of his fist. Surgeons worked in special binocular magnifiers. The medical thread used to stitch the edges of the prosthesis is thinner than a human hair.

13. Ural doctors performed intrauterine brain surgery in 2018. Doctors faced a difficult task - to stop the rapidly progressing hydrocephalus of the fetus at 28 weeks of pregnancy. Access to the fetal brain was achieved through a small hole using modern equipment and special balloons used in neonatal surgery. Doctors managed to ensure the outflow of fluid, thanks to which the progression of hydrocephalus was slowed down. The patient continued to carry the pregnancy. The birth took place on July 2, 2018 at a period of 37-38 weeks - a boy weighing 2 kg 700 g was born. Now nothing threatens his life.

14. In 2018, for the first time in the world, Russian surgeons operated on a child, reconstructing his nose using flaps of his own mucous membrane. The child was born with a congenital anomaly in which both nasal canals were blocked. In such situations, a small stent tube is usually inserted into the nasal openings, through which the breathing process is normalized, but after a while the walls of the nose begin to become inflamed due to a foreign body placed in them. To avoid the use of a stent, doctors performed an operation in which they transplanted flaps of mucous membrane from the back of the nose to the front of the respiratory tract. The transplanted mucous membrane was fixed for several days using a special balloon, which, when inflated, presses the flaps of the mucous membrane to the walls of the nose, allowing the transplanted areas to finally take root. The new technique has already been tested on several patients, as a result of which all patients began to breathe without pain, swelling and discomfort within 2-3 days after the operation.

Russian specialists have developed a unique technology that makes it possible to remove a tumor in the cervical spine through the mouth, securing the spine with a special structure. Previously, doctors had to cut through the upper and lower jaws to get to the tumor on the inside of the spine. After the operation, the person remained alive, but turned out to be disabled with a disfigured face. The scientists who developed the technology were awarded this year in one of the categories of the Vocation Award, which is awarded to the best doctors in Russia.