Every parent is horrified to discover an empty pack of medicines or an open dishwashing liquid. Children are very inquisitive, and it is not uncommon when, when they see a bright liquid, they mistake it for a sweet dessert. Sometimes parents themselves unconsciously bring the baby to a state of intoxication. Usually this happens due to improper self-medication or non-compliance with the dosage of drugs.

Each parent should be prepared for such situations and know what medicines to give the child in case of poisoning. Some of them are more powerful, while others are suitable for minor ailments.

Varieties of drugs

The main goal of the medicine for children with poisoning and diarrhea is to alleviate the syndrome of intoxication and restore the lost functions of the body, returning it to normal. The drugs should quickly eliminate vomiting and diarrhea, as well as remove toxic foods and harmful bacteria from the baby's digestive system. It is important that the microflora of the intestines and stomach is not affected.

If the child is poisoned, then you should immediately consult a doctor. After the examination, the specialist will decide which drug is suitable for this type of poisoning. To date, there are several pharmacological groups of drugs for children from poisoning. You can get rid of unpleasant symptoms with the help of:

• registrants. These compounds help to restore the balance of water and salts in the body of the baby.
• Sorbents. This group of medicines is prescribed by a doctor if the child has been poisoned by strong toxic drugs. Sorbents contribute to the fastest cleansing of not only the gastrointestinal tract, but also the blood flow.
• These medicines help to get rid of nausea and vomiting.
• Antidiarrheal drugs. These medicines are prescribed if the baby has been suffering from diarrhea for a long time.
• antibiotics. These medicines for children from poisoning destroy harmful bacteria or significantly reduce their vital activity.
• Painkillers. They are used only if, in addition to the standard symptoms of poisoning, the child has severe pain in the abdomen.
• Antipyretics. Drugs in this category help to bring down the fever if the poisoning is accompanied by an elevated body temperature.
• enzyme preparations. They help improve digestion.
• Probiotics and prebiotics. Such drugs help restore the intestinal microflora and improve the digestion process.

Recovery

Due to severe diarrhea or vomiting, the baby's body is dehydrated. Therefore, when deciding which medicine to give to their beloved child when a child is poisoned, parents are advised to pay attention to several drugs that restore the water-salt balance.

With the help of "Regidron" you can stop vomiting and diarrhea. It is recommended to take the remedy until the full restoration of body functions.

Glucosolan contains only a salt mixture and glucose. great for helping with dehydration.

For intestinal infection

If the baby suffers from severe diarrhea, then the doctor may prescribe an antibacterial drug. In some situations, even antimicrobial therapy is required. However, adults are more likely to face such problems than children.

Against the background of diarrhea, pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract can develop, so do not treat diarrhea too negligently. In this situation, experts recommend taking Budesonide or Prednisolone. These drugs are glucocorticoids.

Sorbents

In the process of intoxication, the baby's body suffers from toxins, which begin to be gradually absorbed into the blood, which can provoke numerous intraorganic deviations. In order to prevent this, it is recommended to purchase a medicine for children from sorbent poisoning. These funds include:

• Enterosgel. This is an oral paste that gently acts on the mucous surfaces of the intestines. In addition, this composition envelops the walls of the young stomach, due to which the pain syndrome is significantly reduced.

• "Polifepan". This is another natural remedy. It is made from wood. This medicine for children for poisoning is very effective. It removes toxins well, and also protects the baby's body from strong chemical irritants.
• "Smekta". This adsorbent is completely natural. If you give the product to the baby, then polyvalent compounds are formed in his body, including mucus, due to which the removal of toxins will be carried out much faster.

If we are talking about medicines for poisoning for children from a year old, then drugs of this type are considered the best. They can be given to babies earlier if the dosage recommendations are strictly followed. For example, if we are talking about a baby, then one bag of Smecta per day is enough for him.

Antiemetics

With such poisoning, the food that the baby has consumed begins to be rejected. Therefore, with such attacks, it is important to reduce peristalsis and stop the production of a large volume of gastric juice. The best medicines for poisoning and vomiting for children include:

• "Cerucal". This drug helps to quickly get rid of intoxication. If the child has severe poisoning, then in order for the remedy to work faster, it is recommended to administer it subcutaneously. In this case, the effect will be in 10-15 minutes.
• "Motilak". To stop vomiting, you need to empty your stomach faster. This tool does the job perfectly. After a while, the child feels a noticeable relief.

Antidiarrheals

Very often, during intoxication, the baby suffers from severe diarrhea. However, do not immediately try to get rid of diarrhea. The fact is that this is a natural way of removing toxins from the human body. If diarrhea is forcibly stopped, then this can lead to stagnation of harmful components.

However, when the diarrhea does not stop and parents begin to fear that the baby is dehydrated, you should not hesitate. What medications should children take for this type of poisoning? There are several effective drugs that are recommended by experts:

• "Loperamide". This remedy slows down the excretion of feces from the gastrointestinal tract. However, it should be borne in mind that this drug should not be given to children under the age of six.

• "Trimebutin". This antispasmodic helps stop severe diarrhea. It is noteworthy that this tool has a double effect. This means that "Trimebutin" can not only inhibit peristalsis, but, conversely, encourage it.

Antibiotics

These funds are assigned only as a last resort. If we are talking about drugs for poisoning a child at 3 years old or younger, then taking such drugs is not always justified. As a rule, experts prescribe them only if the baby suffers from mixed toxic infection. This means that not only toxins were formed in the body of the victim, but various pathogens were also introduced. In this case, the intestinal microflora suffers greatly. In addition, there is a risk that the baby will develop additional pathologies. Therefore, sometimes it is better to give a child antibiotics than to wait for more serious complications.

The most popular drugs of this type include:

• "Enterofuril". This tool has a fairly wide spectrum of action. However, it is most often prescribed for intoxication against the background of taking poor-quality or spoiled food products. This medicine for food poisoning for children is sold in the form of a suspension. It is much easier for babies to drink it than large capsules.
• "Furazolidone". This drug belongs to the nitrofuran series. As a rule, it is prescribed if the patient suffers from gram-negative bacteria. Also, the tool helps to get rid of some varieties of fungi. However, this medicine is available only in tablets, so taking it can be complicated.

• "Nifuroxazide". This tool is distinguished by its antibacterial and antibacterial properties. The doctor selects the dosage of the drug on an individual basis in order to try to minimize its negative impact on the children's body. This medicine is capable of destroying most varieties of bacteria. The drug is sold in the form of tablets and suspensions for children.

Painkillers and antipyretics

It often happens that when the baby is poisoned, the fever rises and a pain syndrome appears. If we talk about what medicines to give a child with this type of poisoning, then from discomfort in the abdomen, the baby can be given "No-Shpu", "Drotaverine" or "Papaverine".

If the child has a fever, then you can lower the fever with the help of Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, Nurofen or aspirin.

Products with enzymes

In some situations, signs of intoxication indicate that the child's stomach cannot properly digest food. This happens due to a violation of the intestinal microflora or in a situation where the necessary enzymes are poorly produced in the baby's body. In this case, it is necessary to restore the functions of the body. It is better if such funds are prescribed by the attending physician.

Among the funds of this group, the most popular are:

• "Mezim". This tool is considered quite effective. The drug helps to speed up the breakdown of food that enters the digestive tract. At the same time, Mezim reliably protects the cavities of internal organs from the negative effects of hydrochloric acid.

• "Festal". This tool includes a fairly wide range of enzymes needed by the body. As a rule, only one dose of the drug is enough to get the internal systems working. If you take the drug too often, it can adversely affect the functioning of the pancreas. You should be especially careful when it comes to children.
• "Pancreatin". Accelerates the process of digestion of the main components of food and helps reduce the load on the pancreas. It has a positive effect on the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.

Probiotics and prebiotics

Means of this category have a milder effect. They are also necessary to restore the intestinal microflora. As a rule, they are prescribed if, against the background of poisoning or frequent diarrhea, the patient develops dysbacteriosis. These drugs help to restore the normal functioning of the body systems.

The most effective prebiotics are Hilak Forte, Lysozyme and Laktofiltrum. Probiotics include "Probifor", "Linex" and other means. Also, similar useful components can be found in some foods.

Finally

Before giving a child this or that medicine, it is recommended to consult a specialist. Some drugs can cause individual intolerance and will only aggravate the situation. So it's not worth the risk.

Drug poisoning occurs in children of all ages, but it happens especially often with preschool children. Restless peanuts cannot indifferently pass by bright tablets and capsules that imprudent adults leave in an accessible place. Poisoning children with drugs always requires radical methods of assistance.

Signs of drug poisoning

If a child has taken an overdose of a drug, it does not matter if the symptoms appear immediately or after some time. A number of drugs do not give reactions immediately after an overdose, symptoms appear later. The baby must be taken to the hospital immediately, as soon as it was noticed that he had swallowed medicines.

The doctor must show the packaging of the medicine - this will allow you to quickly determine the method of treatment.

Despite the large number of medications, the clinical manifestation can be used to judge the nature of the poisoning. The main symptoms are:

• change in facial expression - mimic uncontrolled muscle twitches;
• changes in the skin and mucous membranes;
• coma;
• delirium, hallucinations;
• convulsions;
• muscle spasms;
• lack of coordination;
• change in pupil size;
• blurred vision;
• palpitations;
• a sharp decrease or increase in blood pressure;
• increased salivation;
• vomiting with or without blood;
• liquid stool;
• change in urine color.

When poisoning with drugs, you need to act quickly. It is possible to determine that the baby has eaten medicines by characteristic signs - there is an open container for medicines in the room, and the baby is stained with the remnants of medicines.

Stages of poisoning

Physicians distinguish three stages of the general condition of children in case of drug poisoning:

1. Mild degree - consciousness is confused, the child falls into a deep sleep, the pupils decrease and do not react to light, the eyes twitch involuntarily, coordination is disturbed.
2. Medium degree - in addition to all the symptoms of the mild stage, reflexes are violated - swallowing and coughing. Acute renal failure sets in. The baby falls into a superficial coma.
3. Severe degree - the baby does not react to pain at all, all reflexes are completely absent. Breathing may be shallow or completely absent. The pressure falls sharply, tachycardia develops. The temperature may rise or fall relative to normal values. The child falls into a coma.

Reasons for drug overdose

There are several reasons why a child may have drug intoxication:

• storage of medicines in places accessible to children;
• incorrect dosage of drugs;
• suicide attempt is relevant for adolescence.

First aid

First aid for drug poisoning consists of a number of actions, the latter are described below:

• If the child is unconscious, without signs of life, perform respiratory and pulmonary resuscitation.
• The baby must be placed on its side - this prevents vomit from entering the respiratory tract and falling of the tongue.
• Vomiting is artificially induced if the baby is conscious for more than half an hour. If about an hour has passed since the poisoning, then there is no point in inducing vomiting!
• If more than an hour has passed since the poisoning, you need to give the patient a laxative or rinse the intestines with an enema.

Intestinal lavage is performed with water only at room temperature. Otherwise, toxins will be more absorbed into the bloodstream.

• After washing the stomach and vomiting, give any sorbents that are at home. It can be activated carbon familiar to everyone.
• After taking sorbents, you can give cool clean water.

While one of the adults begins to provide emergency care, the second must call a doctor. How quickly a small patient is taken to the hospital depends on his future health.

Drugs that most often cause poisoning in children

You can get poisoned by any medicine, but doctors distinguish a group of drugs that kids are most often poisoned with.

• Contraceptive hormonal drugs - poisoning with birth control pills in children in medical practice is very common, first aid consists in washing the stomach with plenty of water and taking activated charcoal.

It is impossible to solder a baby with mineral sparkling water!

Any drug on this list helps with certain diseases, but only in the dosage prescribed by the doctor. Uncontrolled intake of all drugs leads to serious consequences.

Consequences of drug poisoning in children

Not always the poisoning of children with drugs has consequences for health. If the number of medications taken was small and the help turned out to be prompt, then often this unpleasant incident is simply forgotten. However, if the child took a lot of medicine and the help was not provided on time, then there may be such troubles:

• damage to the nervous system, frequent convulsions and confusion;
• scars on the stomach and gastric bleeding - mainly caused by a group of iron-containing drugs;
• persistent allergic reactions;
• chronic jaundice;
• disruption of the urinary system.

How to prevent drug poisoning in children

• Before starting a course of treatment, parents should consult a doctor and carefully read the instructions for the drug.
• Do not give your baby medicines that have expired.
• If old medicines are disposed of, then this is done in such a way that children cannot take them.
• All medicines are stored out of the reach of children and in their original packaging.
• You can not call medicines attractive names for the crumbs, for example, jam or honey.
• You can not give children medicines in an adult dosage.

In general, it is advisable for parents not to take their medicines with children, kids love to copy everything and repeat after adults.

poisoning.ru

Medicine for children from poisoning: a review of effective and safe drugs

Every parent is horrified to discover an empty pack of medicines or an open dishwashing liquid. Children are very inquisitive, and it is not uncommon when, when they see a bright liquid, they mistake it for a sweet dessert. Sometimes parents themselves unconsciously bring the baby to a state of intoxication. Usually this happens due to improper self-medication or non-compliance with the dosage of drugs.

Each parent should be prepared for such situations and know what medicines to give the child in case of poisoning. Some of them are more powerful, while others are suitable for minor ailments.

Varieties of drugs

The main goal of the medicine for children with poisoning and diarrhea is to alleviate the syndrome of intoxication and restore the lost functions of the body, returning it to normal. The drugs should quickly eliminate vomiting and diarrhea, as well as remove toxic foods and harmful bacteria from the baby's digestive system. It is important that the microflora of the intestines and stomach is not affected.

If the child is poisoned, then you should immediately consult a doctor. After the examination, the specialist will decide which drug is suitable for this type of poisoning. To date, there are several pharmacological groups of drugs for children from poisoning. You can get rid of unpleasant symptoms with the help of:

• registrants. These compounds help to restore the balance of water and salts in the body of the baby.
• Sorbents. This group of medicines is prescribed by a doctor if the child has been poisoned by strong toxic drugs. Sorbents contribute to the fastest cleansing of not only the gastrointestinal tract, but also the blood flow.
• Antiemetics. These medicines help to get rid of nausea and vomiting.
• Antidiarrheal drugs. These medicines are prescribed if the baby has been suffering from diarrhea for a long time.
• antibiotics. These medicines for children from poisoning destroy harmful bacteria or significantly reduce their vital activity.
• Painkillers. They are used only if, in addition to the standard symptoms of poisoning, the child has severe pain in the abdomen.
• Antipyretics. Drugs in this category help to bring down the fever if the poisoning is accompanied by an elevated body temperature.
• enzyme preparations. They help improve digestion.
• Probiotics and prebiotics. Such drugs help restore the intestinal microflora and improve the digestion process.

Recovery

Due to severe diarrhea or vomiting, the baby's body is dehydrated. Therefore, when deciding which medicine to give to their beloved child when a child is poisoned, parents are advised to pay attention to several drugs that restore the water-salt balance.

With the help of "Regidron" you can stop vomiting and diarrhea. It is recommended to take the remedy until the full restoration of body functions.

Glucosolan contains only a salt mixture and glucose. This product is great for helping with dehydration.

For intestinal infection

If the baby suffers from severe diarrhea, then the doctor may prescribe an antibacterial drug. In some situations, even antimicrobial therapy is required. However, adults are more likely to face such problems than children.

Against the background of diarrhea, pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract can develop, so do not treat diarrhea too negligently. In this situation, experts recommend taking Budesonide or Prednisolone. These drugs are glucocorticoids.

Sorbents

In the process of intoxication, the baby's body suffers from toxins, which begin to be gradually absorbed into the blood, which can provoke numerous intraorganic deviations. In order to prevent this, it is recommended to purchase a medicine for children from sorbent poisoning. These funds include:

• Enterosgel. This is an oral paste that gently acts on the mucous surfaces of the intestines. In addition, this composition envelops the walls of the young stomach, due to which the pain syndrome is significantly reduced.

• "Polifepan". This is another natural remedy. It is made from wood. This medicine for children for poisoning is very effective. It removes toxins well, and also protects the baby's body from strong chemical irritants.
• "Smekta". This adsorbent is completely natural. If you give the product to the baby, then polyvalent compounds are formed in his body, including mucus, due to which the removal of toxins will be carried out much faster.

If we are talking about medicines for poisoning for children from a year old, then drugs of this type are considered the best. They can be given to babies earlier if the dosage recommendations are strictly followed. For example, if we are talking about a baby, then one bag of Smecta per day is enough for him.

Antiemetics

With such poisoning, the food that the baby has consumed begins to be rejected. Therefore, with such attacks, it is important to reduce peristalsis and stop the production of a large volume of gastric juice. The best medicines for poisoning and vomiting for children include:

• "Cerucal". This drug helps to quickly get rid of intoxication. If the child has severe poisoning, then in order for the remedy to work faster, it is recommended to administer it subcutaneously. In this case, the effect will be in 10-15 minutes.
• "Motilak". To stop vomiting, you need to empty your stomach faster. This tool does the job perfectly. After a while, the child feels a noticeable relief.

Antidiarrheals

Very often, during intoxication, the baby suffers from severe diarrhea. However, do not immediately try to get rid of diarrhea. The fact is that this is a natural way of removing toxins from the human body. If diarrhea is forcibly stopped, then this can lead to stagnation of harmful components.

However, when the diarrhea does not stop and parents begin to fear that the baby is dehydrated, you should not hesitate. What medications should children take for this type of poisoning? There are several effective drugs that are recommended by experts:

• "Loperamide". This remedy slows down the excretion of feces from the gastrointestinal tract. However, it should be borne in mind that this drug should not be given to children under the age of six.

• "Trimebutin". This antispasmodic helps stop severe diarrhea. It is noteworthy that this tool has a double effect. This means that "Trimebutin" can not only inhibit peristalsis, but, conversely, encourage it.

These funds are assigned only as a last resort. If we are talking about drugs for poisoning a child at 3 years old or younger, then taking such drugs is not always justified. As a rule, experts prescribe them only if the baby suffers from mixed toxic infection. This means that not only toxins were formed in the body of the victim, but various pathogens were also introduced. In this case, the intestinal microflora suffers greatly. In addition, there is a risk that the baby will develop additional pathologies. Therefore, sometimes it is better to give a child antibiotics than to wait for more serious complications.

The most popular drugs of this type include:

• "Enterofuril". This tool has a fairly wide spectrum of action. However, it is most often prescribed for intoxication against the background of taking poor-quality or spoiled food products. This medicine for food poisoning for children is sold in the form of a suspension. It is much easier for babies to drink it than large capsules.
• "Furazolidone". This drug belongs to the nitrofuran series. As a rule, it is prescribed if the patient suffers from gram-negative bacteria. Also, the tool helps to get rid of some varieties of fungi. However, this medicine is available only in tablets, so taking it can be complicated.

• "Nifuroxazide". This tool is distinguished by its antibacterial and antibacterial properties. The doctor selects the dosage of the drug on an individual basis in order to try to minimize its negative impact on the children's body. This medicine is capable of destroying most varieties of bacteria. The drug is sold in the form of tablets and suspensions for children.

Painkillers and antipyretics

It often happens that when the baby is poisoned, the fever rises and a pain syndrome appears. If we talk about what medicines to give a child with this type of poisoning, then from discomfort in the abdomen, the baby can be given "No-Shpu", "Drotaverine" or "Papaverine".

If the child has a fever, then you can lower the fever with the help of Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, Nurofen or aspirin.

Products with enzymes

In some situations, signs of intoxication indicate that the child's stomach cannot properly digest food. This happens due to a violation of the intestinal microflora or in a situation where the necessary enzymes are poorly produced in the baby's body. In this case, it is necessary to restore the functions of the body. It is better if such funds are prescribed by the attending physician.

Among the funds of this group, the most popular are:

• "Mezim". This tool is considered quite effective. The drug helps to speed up the breakdown of food that enters the digestive tract. At the same time, Mezim reliably protects the cavities of internal organs from the negative effects of hydrochloric acid.

• "Festal". This tool includes a fairly wide range of enzymes needed by the body. As a rule, only one dose of the drug is enough to get the internal systems working. If you take the drug too often, it can adversely affect the functioning of the pancreas. You should be especially careful when it comes to children.
• "Pancreatin". Accelerates the process of digestion of the main components of food and helps reduce the load on the pancreas. It has a positive effect on the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.

Probiotics and prebiotics

Means of this category have a milder effect. They are also necessary to restore the intestinal microflora. As a rule, they are prescribed if, against the background of poisoning or frequent diarrhea, the patient develops dysbacteriosis. These drugs help to restore the normal functioning of the body systems.

The most effective prebiotics are Hilak Forte, Lysozyme and Laktofiltrum. Probiotics include "Probifor", "Linex" and other means. Also, similar useful components can be found in some foods.

Finally

Before giving a child this or that medicine, it is recommended to consult a specialist. Some drugs can cause individual intolerance and will only aggravate the situation. So it's not worth the risk.

fb.ru

Drug poisoning in children: what is dangerous and what to do?

Statistics on drug poisoning among children indicate that the peak falls in the winter. Firstly, children often sit at home without getting out and are frankly bored, and parents lose their vigilance regarding the location of dangerous means. In addition, during the transition period and in the cold, babies get sick more often, and drugs are also used more actively than in summer. The sweet taste of syrup or vitamins that were previously given to a child, interesting bottles of nasal sprays and the desire to imitate adults by playing “doctor and hospital” sometimes lead to disastrous consequences. What to do if you suspect drug poisoning, what should be the actions of parents?

Attention vitamins!

The carelessness of parents sometimes strikes the imagination of physicians. If they hide relatively serious drugs like sleeping pills or heart medications away from the child, then vitamins and mineral supplements, various dietary supplements and homeopathic granules can be easily accessible for the crumbs.

Moreover, often the parents themselves create the conditions for the formation of poisoning, sometimes even with their own hands. During the period of colds and SARS, babies are given shock doses of ascorbic acid, often supplementing them with double or triple doses of multivitamins, mineral supplements, in combination with fortified foods.

Remember, vitamins and mineral supplements are also drugs, and if the dosage exceeds the preventive dosage, these substances can also be poisonous! Especially dangerous in terms of poisoning are the age of up to three years and preparations of fat-soluble vitamins. If B vitamins or ascorbic acid are soluble in water, they will actively begin to be excreted by the kidneys, and the manifestations of poisoning will not be so severe and strong, then vitamins A and D are soluble in fats. This means that the kidneys will not be able to remove their excess, and the accumulation of these substances threatens with serious intoxication and irreversible consequences for many organs, up to a detailed outcome. In addition, the toxic doses of fat-soluble vitamins are not much higher than therapeutic and prophylactic ones, the preparations of these vitamins are quite concentrated. Therefore, they are dosed in drops, strictly counting on age and weight.

Dangerous Minerals!

No less dangerous are preparations containing minerals. These are calcium, magnesium and iron, which are necessary for the growth and development of the baby. Other mineral supplements are not so relevant, as they usually come as part of multivitamins. But preparations of these minerals can be prescribed additionally, in particular, iron for the treatment of anemia. And it is this drug that can be deadly in overdose, given that it is produced in the form of syrups with a pleasant taste. Calcium preparations are not so dangerous if they are not combined with vitamin D at the same time, but they can significantly damage the kidneys for the rest of your life. Therefore, mineral supplements should also be out of the reach of children!

Poisoning is different

The most dangerous are drugs that have a quick and powerful effect, especially those used by the older generation. Given the forgetfulness of the elderly, you need to be doubly careful. It is forbidden to store drugs in bedside tables, on shelves and tables, where drugs can become accessible to children. Bright shells and their sweet taste will attract the attention of an inquisitive crumb, trying everything on the tooth. And given that children see how grandparents literally drank handfuls of drugs, they repeat after him. This leads to tragedy!

Parents, remember that any drugs that the doctor did not prescribe to them, and even those that were prescribed, but taken in high doses, can become dangerous for children! A threat to life arises when using any form of the drug - whether it be tablets, syrups, solutions or powders, and the effect largely depends on the amount of the drug taken. The more pleasant the taste and smell, the more colorful the packaging and the brighter the pill, the more likely it is that the child will take a lot of the drug.

What poisoning is the most severe and dangerous?

It is difficult to answer this question, since there are drugs that immediately realize a toxic effect, but then the consequences are completely eliminated, and there are those that initially give not very pronounced symptoms, but threaten with irreversible changes in the internal organs in the future. Therefore, any poisoning is dangerous, and they require a detailed examination, analysis and therapeutic, detoxification measures!

Manifestations of poisoning by many of the drugs in their initial stages may be non-specific. The most common lesions of the nervous system with excitation (delusions, convulsions) or inhibition of functions (stupor, coma), digestive system disorders, as well as sharp changes in the composition of the baby's blood, damage to the liver or kidneys, as the main excretory and detoxifying organs of the child. In many ways, clinical manifestations depend on the type of drug, but one way or another, digestion and reactions of the nervous system almost always suffer.

Tablets or syrups, which is more dangerous?

If we are talking about different forms of drugs, it is difficult to say which forms of drugs are more dangerous, it depends on the type of active substance and the amount taken. However, if the baby has access to the first-aid kit preparations, then usually the syrup is tasted alone, less often the child has a desire to try many solutions (and it is more difficult to open them). But with pills everything is more dangerous, since they are easily removed from the package, they are bright and mistaking them for sweets, the baby can swallow several tablets of different effects at once. In this case, the severity of the manifestations will depend not only on the actual number of tablets taken. It will be important that they have mutually influencing effects, sometimes enhancing the toxic effect. Both children's and "adult" types of drugs are dangerous. For example, antitussives can lead to depression of the respiratory center. This threatens with loss of consciousness and the development of a coma with a fatal outcome. If you find drugs in the hands of a child, find empty vials of them, you need to act immediately.

First aid and next steps

If there is real reason to believe that the baby could have drunk syrups or swallowed tablets, a consistent plan of action has been developed in such situations that must be followed. First of all, put aside panic and bickering about who is to blame, initially you need to provide first aid to the child.

You need to call an ambulance immediately, even if it's just a few pills (especially adult drugs). The response to these agents can be unpredictable.

Before the arrival of doctors, you need to give the child a lot to drink (if he is conscious). It should be boiled warm water with a volume of at least 1-2 liters, depending on age (if the child refuses to drink, we use a syringe without a needle to pour liquid into the mouth). If there is no boiled water, you can use any, even from the tap, we are talking about saving life and health. It is important that the amount of drug not yet absorbed in the stomach be reduced. Then, after taking the liquid, vomiting is provoked by irritation of the reflex zones of the oral cavity (two fingers in the mouth of the crumbs, we intensively press on the root of the tongue above the basin). Due to vomiting, the remnants of the medicine that have not yet been absorbed will come out, and all the contents of the stomach.

If the child loses consciousness or is in prostration, it is forbidden to induce vomiting.

It is necessary to wash the stomach to clean water, until only clean water comes out of the stomach when vomiting. That is, they gave the child liquid, he drank, caused vomiting, emptied the stomach, and again gave water. So repeat several times. Vomit must be left for toxicological analysis, this is important in analyzing the situation.

After washing the stomach, the child needs to be given sorbents - these can be smectite, enterosgel, activated charcoal, or any remedy that is at home. They need to be dissolved in water and given to drink. It is forbidden to give the child milk as a sorbent, you can not feed the child with any products, this will increase the absorption of drugs into the blood. Additionally, an enema may be useful if you do not know exactly when the medicine was drunk.

Important to remember!!!

It is important for parents to know that even if the child says that he did not drink medicine, he feels well and there are no signs of poisoning, and you did not count the solution or tablets in the medicine cabinet where the baby got access, if the medicines are lying on the floor and you do not know how many pills there were, you still need to call an ambulance and examine the child. The drug may not yet be absorbed or its action is delayed. And it is important to start treatment immediately.

Arriving at the scene, doctors, after providing emergency care, hospitalize the child. It is important to show them the packages of drugs and give them with you, this will help toxicologists in further assistance already in the hospital.

It would not be out of place to remind you once again that all medicines in the house should be stored in places inaccessible to children - in locked boxes, closed upper shelves of the refrigerator or cabinet.

Take the test Do you understand medicines? Only by answering the questions honestly, you will get a reliable result.

medaboutme.ru

Medicines for poisoning - Medicines for the treatment of food poisoning, first aid, advice from doctors

Every tenth person on the planet annually suffers from poor-quality food containing nitrates and pesticides, or expired food.

Death from food poisoning occurs in 30% of cases. The indicators among the adult population reach 420 thousand, the remaining 125 thousand people are children under 5 years old.

Lack of basic knowledge of what medicines to take for food poisoning, and untimely seeking medical help are the main causes of severe intoxication.

What can poison

In 85% of cases, it is microorganisms that are the main cause of food poisoning.

Violation of production and processing, transportation and storage, as well as non-compliance with veterinary and sanitary and hygienic standards, entails the sale of already spoiled food. Severe food intoxication can be provoked by substances secreted by microbes.

Staphylococci. Bacteria are immune to environmental changes. They multiply freely at temperatures from 20 to 37 ° C, withstand heating up to 80 ° C for up to 1 hour. Frozen do not lose viability up to 30 days, at room temperature - 4 months.

Staphylococcus, poisoning such foods as cottage cheese, sour cream, confectionery with custard, raw minced meat and boiled meat, causes great harm to humans.

A stick of Clostridium botulinum that produces a strong botulinum toxin. Causes a dangerous disease botulism. The ideal temperature regime for the formation and development of spores should be no higher than 28-35°C. It enters the body through canned food in the form of already poisoned marinades, pickles and meat products, fresh garlic and natural honey.

Microscopic molds are another cause of food poisoning. They are manifested by diseases that are called mycotoxicosis.

Food rich in starch and vegetable oil, legumes and grains, peanuts, rice and peas become a source of toxic toxins. Thanks to the control of the sale of agricultural crops, the amount of mushrooms in flour and cereals is absolutely safe for humans. Rarely higher than 0.05%.

Food non-microbial poisoning affects up to 15% of the population.

They arise if you use conditionally edible or poisonous mushrooms, seeds and plants, kernels of seeds, raw sprouted potatoes and beans, fish roe, chemical and harmful substances such as nitrates and pesticides.

Signs of food poisoning

The duration of intake and the concentration of toxic substances in the body affects the manifestation of the first, sudden symptoms of food poisoning in adults and children.

First of all, there is a lesion of the stomach and intestines, which is accompanied by diarrhea and vomiting, severe pain in the abdomen and cramps, slight chills and malaise.

Food intoxication of moderate severity is expressed by a slight increase in body temperature from 37.2 to 38 ° C, diarrhea up to 20 times a day. Vomiting becomes stronger, the poisoned person is constantly tormented by nausea, unbearable and acute attacks of pain in the stomach. Occasionally, seizures and low blood pressure may occur.

Adults with severe intoxication feel dizziness, muscle and joint pain, shortness of breath. The fever increases, the temperature indicator is more than 38 ° C. Sometimes - less than 36 ° C.

Severe food poisoning in a child can provoke epileptic seizures, excessive tearfulness and nervousness.

The daily number of bowel movements increases, dehydration of the body begins. The pulse is weak, dry mouth and thirst, blood pressure is low.

First aid for poisoning at home

Do not rush to buy expensive medicines. A good treatment can be carried out with the means that are in the home medicine cabinet. Remember the basic, but very important list of drugs and pills needed, first of all, for food poisoning.

Potassium permanganate is the best antiseptic powder for gastric lavage and food toxins at home. Before taking potassium permanganate, it must be properly diluted. For a liter of warm boiled water, 5 small crystals are enough. Drink until you induce vomiting.

A cheap but effective drug to combat poisoning can be called activated charcoal tablets. Safe remedy for vomiting, flatulence and diarrhea. Adsorbs and neutralizes chemical poisons and compounds, toxins of bacterial, vegetable, animal origin, which were contained in spoiled food. In case of severe poisoning, take 15-20 pieces at once.

With pain in the abdomen and intestinal colic, even children can drink "No-shpu". It treats spasms, reduces intestinal activity, reduces pain. A single use of no more than 10 mg is recommended, up to 12 years the maximum dosage is 20 mg. The number of receptions per day - 2 times. For treatment, adults need 80 mg of the drug in the morning, afternoon and evening.

From poisoning and a food infection complicated by fever and fever, they take a cheap drug with a strong anti-inflammatory effect - Ibuprofen. Children from 6 to 12 years of age are prescribed a single dose of 1 tablet. An adult takes 3-4 capsules.

Consultation with a specialist is required on how to treat babies under 6 years old.

What drugs to take for poisoning

It is impossible to cope with severe intoxication without medication. It will require complex treatment with several drugs. In order not to be mistaken which medicines to take in case of poisoning for an adult, carefully study the instructions and the names of the best sorbents in the form of a powder for cleansing the body: Enterosorb and Polysorb.

It is more difficult to find effective medicines for small patients. Good help such powders and sorbents in case of poisoning for children, such as "Smecta" and "Diosmectite".

Severe dehydration and restoration of electrolyte and water-salt balance can be treated with Gastrolit tablets, and powder such as Regidron, Hydrovit, Citraglucosolan.

Treatment for food poisoning is carried out with potent antiemetic drugs: Cerucal, Reglan, Emeset.

To normalize digestion, the best medicine is enzymes. To improve the functioning of the pancreas and intestines, "Mezim", "Pancreatin", "Festal" are prescribed.

Adults often make mistakes in self-treatment. It is on what pill and in what dosage a person consumes that his health depends.

In order not to be poisoned by medicinal substances and not worsen your condition, think about what to use and in what quantity. If there is a lack of information about what they drink from poisoning, improper medication instructions, it is better to contact specialists or doctors.

What to drink in case of poisoning and vomiting

Once in the body, poor-quality nutrition has an irritating effect on the mucous membranes of the digestive system. The response of the immune system in case of food poisoning is manifested in the form of vomiting. What treatment will quickly relieve nausea.

"Motilium". Restores the efficiency of the gastrointestinal tract, soothes vomiting. Up to 5 years, children are prescribed from 2.5 to 5 mg for every 10 kg of weight. Adults - 10-20 mg.

"Damelum". Affects the nerve receptors that control gag reflexes. A single dosage for adults is 10 mg. The daily number of receptions - 3-4 times.

For newborns and young children, antiemetics for poisoning such as Linex and Bifiform Baby are suitable. Maintenance of intestinal microflora occurs due to the action of beneficial sour-milk and probiotic bacteria.

Medicines for diarrhea and poisoning

Against the background of a sharp increase in toxic substances, the digestive system loses the ability to maintain acid-base balance.

The remains of the products undergo a process of fermentation and decay, which causes loose stools. What pills to drink from poisoning and to stop diarrhea.

"Enterofuril", if the diarrhea is bacterial in nature. Eliminates the activity of gram-positive microorganisms and gram-negative enterobacteria. For children up to six months, the recommended intake is 2.5 ml of suspension. From 3 to 7 years - 5 ml. An adult can take 2 capsules at once.

"Loperamide". Inexpensive but effective pills for food poisoning and diarrhea caused by infection. Reduces intestinal motility, reduces the number of bowel movements. Capsules are not prescribed for children under 2 years of age. Babies are allowed to take 2 mg of the substance, older people - 4 mg.

With pain in the abdomen, you can additionally use No-Spasm or Drotaverine tablets, Smecta solution against diarrhea.

How to bring down the temperature in case of poisoning

Absorbed into the walls of the intestine, pathogenic microbes, bacteria and viruses are further carried throughout the body by the circulatory system, disrupt thermoregulation, and cause a severe inflammatory process.

What medicines to drink in case of poisoning with fever.

Powder "Nimesil". The analgesic and antipyretic effect is achieved by inhibiting the growth and spread of pathogenic cells in the foci of inflammation. The contents of 1 package are dissolved in 100 ml of warm water.

It will calm the febrile state and lower the temperature against the background of the Paracetamol infection, contacting the centers of thermoregulation and pain. The maximum allowable single dose is 1 gram.

To bring down the temperature in children, drugs are used for poisoning in a convenient powder: effervescent "Efferalgan" and soluble "Panadol".

Antibiotics for food poisoning

It is possible to determine the causative agent of an intestinal infection or confirm the presence of helminthic invasion only after laboratory tests. Antibacterial drugs after poisoning are used only on the recommendation of a doctor.

"Furazolidone". An active antimicrobial drug disrupts the breathing process and the structure of microorganisms, reduces the amount of toxins released by bacteria. With toxic infections, the duration of administration is 5-10 days. Single dosage for adults - 100-150 mg.

"Nifuroxazid" and "Adisord" - that's what to take for children with poisoning. These antibacterial drugs for poisoning are safe for a small body and have a wide range of effects on gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.

"Nifuroxazide" prevents the development of intestinal infection, inhibits the development of the microbe cell and its respiratory capacity, activates the immune system. Appointed from 1 month of life. A single dosage in the form of a suspension is 100 mg.

Starting from the age of 3, it is better to choose tablets for poisoning and diarrhea "Adisord". It does not affect the microflora and intestinal mucosa, it has an intense antimicrobial effect. Reception per day - 1-2 capsules 3 times.

Children are more likely to develop food poisoning. Their treatment must be approached with seriousness. Self-medication can become dangerous for the health of babies, all medicines must be prescribed by a doctor. In this article, we examined what to give a child in case of poisoning at the stage of first aid, cases in which you should urgently seek medical treatment.

Features of the child's body

Poisoning in a child is more severe than in an adult. This is due to the peculiarities of the development and structure of the child's body. Below are the main factors contributing to the appearance of poisoning in babies.

• Full production of saliva appears only at the age of one. Until that time, the baby is not protected by lysozyme, a protein that neutralizes some bacteria and protects against infections.
• Insufficient development of the immune system, which is necessary to protect the body from pathogenic microorganisms. Only at the age of 3 years the child's immunity begins to fully function.
• The intestinal microflora provides local immunity and protects against certain intestinal infections. A child is born with a sterile intestine, which is filled with useful and necessary bacteria during the first year of life. Already at 2 years old, children's intestinal microflora does not differ from adults.
• The acidity of gastric juice in children is lower, as a result of which the stomach is not fully protected from intestinal viruses and bacteria.

What are the most common causes of childhood poisoning?

There are many factors and causes that can lead to poisoning in a child. It is worth noting that the carelessness of parents and insufficient supervision of the child are the main cause of childhood poisoning. Medicines left unattended, detergents, expired food - all this is dangerous for the baby.

The main causes of poisoning in children:

• eating expired and improperly prepared food leads to food poisoning. The child can become infected with salmonellosis, dysentery or E. coli;
• child taking medications, chemicals found at home. The kid wants to taste everything that he sees around. He takes bright pills for sweets, and floor cleaner for a sweet drink;
• mushroom poisoning. According to the dietary recommendations of pediatricians, mushrooms should not be consumed by children under 12 years of age. But many parents start feeding them to their offspring at an early age. The child's digestive system cannot digest mushroom proteins. A baby can even get poisoned by edible high-quality mushrooms;
• non-observance of the basics of personal hygiene by the child. Through dirty hands, he can become infected with an intestinal infection.

Who treats childhood poisoning

Treatment of a poisoned child should be carried out by doctors. When the first signs of poisoning appear, you should call an ambulance or take the baby to the hospital yourself.

Remember that it is dangerous and pointless to treat a child on your own. In children, poisoning is accompanied by severe intoxication and dehydration. Such conditions are treated exclusively by physicians.

You can provide the baby with first aid, thanks to which his condition will improve a little. It should begin immediately with the development of the disease.

Fundamentals of first aid for childhood poisoning

What to give a child with poisoning and vomiting before the arrival of ambulance doctors? Please note that at this stage it is very important not to harm the baby with your attempts to save him. Below is a list of what medicines for food poisoning can be given to a baby and how to help a child while waiting for doctors.

Rest and mode

Keep your baby calm. Do not panic, and even more so do not scold him if he is to blame for the development of the disease. Put the child to bed, open the window in the room for fresh air.

Don't try to feed your baby. Diet food will be prescribed by the doctor after first aid.

Gastric lavage

Cleansing the stomach will help remove the remnants of low-quality food, bacteria and toxins from it. With its help, you can prevent the deterioration of the patient's condition.

If your child is older than 5 years, perform a self-assisted gastric lavage. To do this, let him drink a few glasses of plain water in one gulp and try to provoke him to vomit.

Remember that it is forbidden to wash the stomach in case of poisoning with acids, alkalis, with the appearance of bloody vomiting.

Enema

Cleansing the intestines will help remove pathogenic microorganisms and toxins from it, reduce intoxication. An enema should be done on the basis of plain boiled water. Its temperature should be at room temperature. An enema is done to clean intestinal lavages. It is forbidden to add any medicines or decoctions of herbs to the enema at home.

Sorbents

Sorbents are drugs that can be taken before the doctors arrive. Their dosage can be calculated by weight or by age of the child. For example, a child at 4 years old weighs about 20 kg. 1 tablet of Activated Charcoal is for 10 kg, and a baby weighing 20 kg should be given two tablets.

Please note that the dosage of sorbents with different names is different from each other. Read the instructions carefully before giving them to your baby. It is also necessary to check the expiration date of the medicines. Expired tablets can lead to poisoning.

List of sorbent names:

• Activated carbon;
• enterosgel;
• sorbex;
• smecta;
• atoxyl.

Plentiful drink

What can a poisoned child drink? Before the arrival of doctors, you can give the child to drink mineral or alkaline water without gases. Hot and cold drinks are contraindicated.

What to do if the child drank acid or alkali

With such poisoning, you can not wash the stomach or induce vomiting in the baby. Gastric lavage is carried out by physicians through a tube. Only in this way can you safely get rid of the chemical without causing a second burn of the esophageal mucosa and oral cavity.

Before the arrival of the doctors, give the baby a little drink of plain water, put him to bed and put ice on his stomach.

Remember that you can not try to neutralize the contents of the stomach. Many believe that if you are poisoned by acid, you just need to drink alkali. During the neutralization reaction, a large amount of gases is formed, which can tear the stomach from the inside.

medical treatment

Doctors, having arrived at the call, will examine a sick child, collect an anamnesis and begin to provide first aid. It consists of:

• gastric lavage through a probe (if there are contraindications to the usual cleaning of the stomach);
• connecting a dropper with solutions to eliminate dehydration and to reduce intoxication;
• with the development of gastrointestinal bleeding, drugs are introduced that stop it;
• the introduction of antiemetic drugs (sturgeon, cerucal) helps to relieve vomiting.

A poisoned child can be hospitalized in an infectious, intensive care or toxicological department. It depends on the substance with which the baby was poisoned.

Treatment in the hospital begins in the first minutes of hospitalization. It consists of:

• the introduction of antidotes (if they exist for the substance that poisoned the patient);
• hemodialysis - blood purification. It is carried out in case of poisoning with drugs, mushrooms;
• antibiotic therapy, which is indicated for intestinal infections;
• copious drips to treat dehydration;
• enzymes - drugs that improve digestion;
• antispasmodics, which are used to relieve abdominal pain;
• diet food.

The duration of treatment in a hospital depends on the condition of the child, the etiology of poisoning and the timeliness of seeking medical help.

Prevention of childhood poisoning

Childhood poisoning is much easier to prevent than to treat. It's easy to do. Below we have compiled some recommendations for you, thanks to which you can protect your child from this disease.

• Buy food only from official markets or certified stores. You can't be sure of the quality of food bought from random markets or hand-me-downs.
• Always check the date of manufacture when buying products, inspect their appearance, the integrity of the packaging.
• Teach your child to wash their hands before every meal and after returning from the street. Make sure he doesn't lick his hands or bite his nails.
• Try not to buy semi-finished or ready meals. The healthiest and safest food is the one you cook yourself from fresh ingredients with clean hands.
• Do not give children mushrooms, smoked meats, canned food, sausages. These products are not intended for baby food.
• Wash all fruits and vegetables thoroughly, use baking soda to clean dishes.
• Keep all medicines and household chemicals away from children.

Self-medication of childhood poisoning is very dangerous. As soon as the first signs of this disease appear, you should seek medical help. On your own, before the arrival of doctors, you can perform a gastric lavage, make an enema, give the baby sorbents and drink. Further treatment is carried out by ambulance and hospital doctors. Its volume and duration depend on the poisonous substance and the patient's condition.

Food poisoning (toxic infection) is an acute toxic or infectious lesion of the body that occurs after eating poor-quality products. It is characterized by a complex of pathological symptoms (diarrhea, intoxication, vomiting, dehydration).

Children are exposed to poisoning more often than adults. The child's body is not yet strong, so it can hardly resist external "aggressors" that cause intoxication. In addition, children, in the absence of adult control, rarely adhere to the rules of hygiene, especially at a younger age.

Causes

A low-quality product is a common food product that has become dangerous to eat due to certain reasons.

It can be:

• The expiration of the juice of shelf life, when the processes of decomposition and decay occur in food, dangerous toxins accumulate in it.
• Ingress of bacterial toxins into a fresh product (for example, if the cream preparation technology is violated).
• Contamination of food with pathogens (unwashed fruits, egg shells).

Food poisoning in a child caused by poor-quality products is classified as infectious.

Foods that are most likely to poison children:

• exotic vegetables and fruits;
• kernels of peaches and apricots (they contain hydrocyanic acid);
• mushrooms;
• smoked meats;
• canned food;
• eggs;
• milk;
• cream confectionery.

Bacteria multiply in places of non-compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards (where food is stored, prepared or sold). Poisoning can be both single and massive. Typically, outbreaks of food poisoning occur in the summer and early autumn. During this period, the most beneficial conditions for the activation of pathogenic bacteria.

In addition to food poisoning, children can be poisoned by poisonous plants, medicines, chemical poisons that have fallen into food. These are non-infectious poisonings.

Features of toxic infection in children

The child's body is not yet sufficiently formed. Therefore, his organs and systems react to food poisoning more severely than in adults. The same product can cause only a slight upset in an adult, and severe intoxication in a child.

Why do children have a hard time with poisoning? Causes:

• The system of enzymes that bind and remove toxins is not formed in the liver.
• The acidity of the gastric secretion is lowered, which reduces the barrier to the path of pathogenic organisms.
• The normal protective intestinal microflora is not formed (children often suffer from dysbacteriosis).
• The kidneys have a low filtration capacity.

All these features contribute to the fact that children are exposed to poisoning more often, and they are more severe than in adults. The first symptoms that signal poisoning should be the reason for going to the doctor.

Clinical manifestations

The course of poisoning in a child's body goes through several stages. Classification of food poisoning:

Asymptomatic course

This is the time from the penetration of low-quality food into the body to the first visible symptoms of poisoning. This period can last from 30 minutes to 1 day. It all depends on the amount of food consumed, the age of the baby and his health, the type of pathogen. The child may not be bothered by anything, but appears:

• feeling of weakness;
• malaise;
• increased sweating.

Toxigenic period

After the penetration of a certain amount of toxin into the blood, the first symptoms of poisoning appear. The duration of the toxicogenic stage depends on how the body reacts to the poison, and on the timely assistance provided to the child. Usually it is 5-6 days.

Food poisoning symptoms:

• damage to the intestinal mucosa and stomach;
• intoxication;
• dehydration;
• nausea;
• drowsiness;
• refusal to eat;
• temperature increase;
• severe pain in the abdomen.

Note! To quickly remove toxins, a protective reaction occurs in the body in the form of diarrhea and vomiting. If vomiting continues more than 3 times, it is urgent to restore the water and electrolyte balance.

When you lose fluid, symptoms of dehydration appear:

• dry skin;
• pallor;
• sharpness of facial features;
• convulsions;
• pressure drop;
• acidosis.

Stage of convalescence

Restoration of body functions that were impaired due to exposure to a poisonous substance. In general, the symptoms of poisoning subside after 1-3 days. For some time, there is a lack of appetite, pain in the stomach, disturbed stools.

First aid for a child at home

Self-medication of a child under 1 year is not allowed. Children under 3 years of age must be hospitalized. They can not wash the stomach at home, first of all you need to call an ambulance.

Urgent measures at the first signs of toxic infection:

• Give your child complete peace of mind.
• Before the arrival of the ambulance, lay him on his side, make sure that the vomit does not enter the respiratory tract.
• Do not give any food until the vomiting disappears.
• Rinse the stomach, giving the child a drink (1 liter of warm water, you can add 1 teaspoon of soda). It is impossible to wash the stomach in this way for children under 5 years old!
• After drinking, induce vomiting by pressing a finger on the root of the tongue.
• Give the child a sorbent (Smecta, Enterosgel)

Treatment at home

At home, you can fight poisoning only in case of mild intoxication in children older than 3 years.

Fighting dehydration

To make up for the loss of fluid that comes out with toxins, electrolyte solutions (Rehydron) can be given to the child. Give 1-2 spoons every 10 minutes. If there are no ready-made preparations, the solution can be prepared independently. For 1 liter of boiled water, take 2 tablespoons of sugar, 1 teaspoon of salt, 1 teaspoon of soda. The main rule is frequent, fractional drinking.

Sorbents

Thanks to sorbents, toxins are bound and removed from the body. The sooner they are taken, the higher the chance that toxins will not enter the bloodstream.

Children can take:

• Polysorb;
• Smecta;
• Activated carbon;
• Enterosgel.

If the sorbent is produced in the form of tablets, it is better to crush it and dilute it with a small amount of water. All drugs should be taken with strict adherence to the dosage according to the age of the baby.

Probiotics

When vomiting stops, the child can be given funds that restore the intestinal microflora. They help speed up recovery, reduce the severity of symptoms.

Probiotics for children:

• Linex;
• Bifiform;
• Acipol;
• Portolac.

What not to do

Prohibited actions:

• independently treat a child under 3 years old;
• give antiemetics and antidiarrheals (this is a protective reaction of the body to the action of toxins);
• take antibiotics without a doctor's recommendation (they may be prescribed if an intestinal infection is detected);
• since many sorbents cannot be taken with peptic ulcer and gastric bleeding, you must first discuss their intake with your doctor.

Drinking regimen and diet

The main thing with toxic infection is to replenish the loss of fluid, and give the child plenty to drink. It can be:

• water without gas;
• weak tea;
• decoction of rice;
• rosehip decoction;
• prepared solutions of electrolytes.

For every kilogram of weight, the child should receive 150-200 ml of liquid. This balance must be maintained until the complete disappearance of vomiting and diarrhea.

When poisoning, it is very important to stick to a diet. The first 4-6 hours should not give the child any food. After that, switch to a sparing diet. Food should be grated and liquid, and portions should be small. The number of meals is 7-8 per day. In the early days, you need to give up fresh bread and milk, a minimum of fat.

What can be used:

• porridge on the water;
• crackers;
• vegetable broth;
• puree soups;
• mashed boiled meat;
• dairy products.

This regimen should be followed for 2-3 weeks. Exclude the use of spices, raw fruits and vegetables, fatty, fried foods, juices, sweets.

Prevention measures

Usually a child can be poisoned by food if adults neglect elementary hygiene requirements. To protect against the ingress of toxic substances into the child's body can comply with the rules for the prevention of food poisoning:

• teach the child to wash their hands more often (after the street, the toilet, before eating);
• the place of preparation and storage of food should be kept clean;
• after touching raw meat, fish, eggs, you need to wash your hands with soap and water;
• thoroughly wash raw vegetables and fruits;
• cook meat and fish until fully cooked;
• do not give the child dishes "with blood" (steak "medium");
• do not eat swollen and cloudy canned food;
• look at the expiration date of the products;
• in the presence of pustules and wounds on the hands, cook food with gloves;
• do not leave food on the table open.

Anyone can get food poisoning. Children can most often be poisoned through the inattention of adults and their failure to comply with elementary hygiene. It is necessary to carefully monitor what the child eats, whether his hands are clean, how high-quality and fresh the products are. The health of children is in our hands.

Video about first aid for a child with food poisoning:

According to the statistics of emergency medical care, the largest number of drug poisonings in children occurs in the winter and cold seasons. There are several reasons for this. First of all, children get sick more often, which means that their parents treat them more often, in addition, children spend more time at home in winter, which means they have more opportunity to play in the hospital and the doctor, treating themselves with medicines that are familiar to the eye, standing within their reach.

Remember, a child can be poisoned even with seemingly safe vitamins. Parents give babies loading doses of ascorbic tablets, not realizing all the harm from these drugs. They give the baby 2-3 multivitamins to strengthen the immune system, thereby only harming, not helping. And how many problems arise from forgetful grandparents who leave their pills on the nightstands, the table, or in other places accessible to the child! At the same time, in adults, drugs are usually serious, especially those used for pressure and for the treatment of heart disease. They can become deadly. But, most poisoning in children occurs due to parental negligence in the treatment of banal colds and runny noses.

Poisons are different.
It is impossible to say which of the drugs may be the most dangerous for children. The point is that in case of poisoning, a lot depends on the type of medicine, its dosage form - tablets, syrups, solutions, and on the amount of the drug taken. Almost all drugs that a doctor has not prescribed to a child are a threat to life. And even drugs prescribed by a doctor can become dangerous if they are not taken according to the rules, the dosage or frequency of administration is violated. The more pleasant the pill is for the baby’s eyes, the sweeter its shell tastes, the tastier the syrup smells, the higher the chances that the baby will eat or drink it. Even vitamins must be strictly dosed and given by the mother to the baby, and then kept under lock and key!

What's harder?
Symptoms of drug poisoning are usually non-specific, they are manifested either by depression or excitation of the nervous system, manifestations of the digestive system and changes in the blood. Everything will depend on the specific active substance. But in general, one way or another, digestion and the nervous system always suffer.

Under equal conditions, tablets are more dangerous than syrups, because if a child gets into the first-aid kit, one syrup is usually tasted, but because of their diversity, all or most of them are tried, especially if they have bright shells and do not taste bitter . In this case, the severity of the condition is affected not only by the active substance of one tablet, but by the mutual effect of several drugs, sometimes mutually reinforcing each other. If you suspect that the child has eaten several pills from the first aid kit, you should not sit and hope for a miracle, or flush the stomach yourself - call the doctor immediately and take the baby to toxicology.

Children's syrups or flavored syrups for adults are also dangerous. A pleasant taste and smell can make the baby take a sip or even drink the entire bottle of medicine. If it is a syrup with iron preparations, it can be very dangerous in terms of the development of irreversible breathing problems, and if it is a cough syrup with codeine - even worse, there may be a sharp depression of the respiratory center.

What to do?
Naturally, you can not leave in a visible place or in lockers or boxes accessible to the baby from your home first aid kit. But, if the trouble has already happened and you have well-founded suspicions about that. That the child drank something, what to do then? There is a certain algorithm of actions necessary at the first sign of poisoning, which must be followed in order not to sow panic and help the baby.

1. First of all, immediately call an ambulance, even if it was 1-2 tablets, the reaction of the child's body to adult drugs is unpredictable. It is better to make sure that everything is in order and get scolded by the household for leaving medicines unattended than to start the process until the moment when medicine is powerless.
2. Before the ambulance arrives, give the child a lot to drink - ideally, it should be cool boiled water and up to 1-2 liters in volume, but if it is not available, it will also work from the tap. It is important to dilute the concentration of drugs and induce vomiting in order to flush out the remnants of the drug that have not yet been absorbed from the stomach. Vomiting can be induced with fingers or a spoon by pressing on the root of the tongue. If the child loses consciousness, vomiting should not be induced.
3. It is necessary after washing the stomach to give the child any sorbent - activated charcoal, enterosgel, smectu, which is at home. They are dissolved in water and given to the baby to drink. If there is not a single sorbent, run to the refrigerator, beat the egg whites into a strong foam and let them drink.
4. It is impossible to give the child milk and feed him in case of poisoning, this will help the medicine to be absorbed into the blood faster and more actively. Additionally, you can give the child an enema, especially if he drank the medicine a few hours ago.
Attention, even if there are no signs of poisoning, and you didn’t count the pills, or they are scattered on the floor, and the baby says that he ate them, you still need an ambulance and examination and treatment methods. The medicine might just not work.

Rating of dangerous drugs.
Naturally, all medicines that are not intended for him and are not prescribed will be dangerous for the baby. But, among the many drugs, there are the most dangerous drugs that categorically should not get into the baby's body. In the first place in terms of danger are:
- antiarrhythmic drugs, cardiac glycosides and pressure medications,
- drugs from the group of antidepressants and barbiturates (including phenobarbital for the treatment of jaundice),
- preparations containing minerals - potassium, calcium, iron,
- psychotropic substances, sleeping pills, neurological drugs.
- anticonvulsants and sedatives.
Now I want to talk about some special types of poisoning.

Poisoning with drugs from the common cold.
With this type of poisoning in children, they are found in almost every ambulance, and almost regularly. This is a completely man-made poisoning of children by their own parents. And what's more, it occurs with a slight excess of concentrations, is poorly recognized and very dangerous. Babies can be poisoned by such means as naphthyzinum and its derivatives (in the form of sanorin, galazolin, rinazolin or nafazolin), there may also be poisoning by other derivatives - oxymetazoline and others, especially in drops and sprays not by age.

What is so dangerous remedy for the common cold? If the dosage is exceeded, and this is quite possible to do, since the medicine is produced in plastic droppers-bottles, the agent penetrates through a special barrier - the blood-brain barrier, into the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe nervous system. This group of drugs is alpha-adrenomietics, that is, it simulates the parts of the brain responsible for the inhibition of all processes. At the same time, there is also an effect on the vessels and a sharp decrease in blood pressure, a decrease in cardiac output and a slowing of the heartbeat.

Most often, such poisoning occurs in children under three years of age, since they most often need to take drugs of this kind with a runny nose. Naphthyzine in children (and its other analogues) is used at a concentration of 0.05% and no more than 1-2 drops of the solution are needed for each turbinate. This constricts blood vessels and eliminates the symptoms of a runny nose, making breathing easier. Naphthyzine and its derivatives should not be used more than once every 8 hours. At the same time, even at such a dose, symptoms of mild depression of the nervous system may occur, which occurs after an hour of use. The drug is excreted from the body within 5-10 hours.

With a mild degree of poisoning, they manifest - lethargy with weakness, the child turns pale, his appetite decreases, if you count the heartbeats - there will be a decrease, the pressure decreases slightly. With moderate severity of manifestations, severe drowsiness with severe pallor, refusal to breast or food, complete apathy, a sharp decrease in pressure and a decrease in heart rate, and a decrease in body temperature are manifested. There may be a sharp narrowing of the pupils, but they react to light. In severe poisoning, consciousness can be disturbed up to a coma, the skin is pale, it is cold to the touch, the heartbeat is sharply slowed down, the pressure is reduced to a critical figure.

Such manifestations require immediate medical attention and treatment in a hospital. And by the way, such cases are not uncommon, and poisoning with naphthyzinum is mistaken for manifestations of the disease. Persistently continuing to drip drops into the baby's nose and adding new portions of the medicine to the severity of the condition. And it is necessary just a complete cessation of its reception. But what to do if such poisoning is suspected? We'll talk about this tomorrow.

Drug poisoning, what to do?