It is difficult to disagree with how important a role art plays in the history of any period. Judge for yourself: in history lessons at school, after each topic devoted to the study of the political and economic situation in the world in a given time period, students are asked to prepare reports on the art of a given era.

Also, in the school curriculum since relatively recently there has been such a subject as MHC. This is absolutely no coincidence, because any work of art is one of the brightest reflections of the time in which it was created, and allows you to look at world history through the eyes of the creator who gave this work life.

Definition of culture

World artistic culture, or MHC for short, is a type of public culture, which is based on the figurative and creative reproduction of society and people, as well as living and inanimate nature through the means used by professional art and folk artistic culture. These are also phenomena and processes of spiritual practical activity that creates, distributes and masters material objects and works of art that have aesthetic value. World artistic culture includes the pictorial, sculptural, architectural heritage and monuments, as well as all the diversity of works created by the people and their individual representatives.

The role of MHC as an educational subject

In the course of studying the course of world artistic culture, both broad integration and understanding of the connection of culture are provided, first of all, with historical events of any time period, as well as with the social sciences.

As mentioned earlier, world artistic culture covers all artistic activities that a person has ever engaged in. These are literature, theater, music, visual arts. All processes associated with both the creation and storage, as well as the dissemination, creation and evaluation of cultural heritage are studied. Problems related to ensuring the further cultural life of society and the training of specialists with appropriate qualifications in universities do not remain aside.

As an academic subject, MHC is an appeal to the entire artistic culture, and not to its individual types.

The concept of a cultural era

A cultural era, or cultural paradigm, is a complex multifactorial phenomenon that contains the image of both a specific person living at a specific time and carrying out his activities, and a community of people with the same way of life, life mood and thinking, and value system.

Cultural paradigms replace each other as a result of a kind of natural-cultural selection through the interaction of traditional and innovative components that art carries. MHC as a training course aims to study these processes.

What is the Renaissance

One of the most significant periods in the development of culture is the Renaissance, or Revival, which dominated in the 13th-16th centuries. and marked the advent of the New Age. The sphere of artistic creativity was most influenced.

After an era of decline in the Middle Ages, art flourishes, and ancient artistic wisdom is revived. It was at this time and in the meaning of “rebirth” that the Italian word rinascita was used, later numerous analogues appeared in European languages, including the French Renaissance. All artistic creativity, primarily fine art, becomes a universal “language” that allows us to learn the secrets of nature and get closer to it. The master does not reproduce nature conventionally, but strives for maximum naturalness, trying to surpass the Almighty. The development of our usual sense of beauty begins, natural science and knowledge of God are constantly finding common ground. During the Renaissance, art becomes both a laboratory and a temple.

Periodization

The revival is divided into several time periods. In Italy - the birthplace of the Renaissance - several periods were identified that were used throughout the world for a long time. This is the Proto-Renaissance (1260-1320), partly included in the Ducento period (13th century). In addition, there were periods of Trecento (XIV century), Quattrocento (XV century), Cinquecento (XVI century).

A more general periodization divides the era into the Early Renaissance (XIV-XV centuries). At this time, new trends interact with the Gothic, which is creatively transformed. Next come the periods of the Middle, or High, and Late Renaissance, in which a special place is given to mannerism, characterized by a crisis in the humanistic culture of the Renaissance.

Also in countries such as France and Holland, the so-called Late Gothic style is developing. As the history of the MHC says, the Renaissance was reflected in Eastern Europe: the Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, as well as in the Scandinavian countries. Spain, Great Britain and Portugal became countries with a distinctive Renaissance culture.

Philosophical and religious components of the Renaissance

Through the reflections of such representatives of philosophy of this period as Giordano Bruno, Nicholas of Cusa, Giovanni and Paracelsus, the themes of spiritual creativity, as well as the struggle for the right to call an individual “the second god” and associate a person with him, become relevant in the MHC.

The problem of consciousness and personality, faith in God and higher powers is relevant, as at all times. There are both compromise-moderate and heretical views on this issue.

A person faces a choice, and the reform of the church of this time implies a Renaissance not only within the framework of the MHC. This is also a person promoted through the speeches of figures of all religious denominations: from the founders of the Reformation to the Jesuits.

The main task of the era. A few words about humanism

The main focus during the Renaissance was the education of a new person. The Latin word humanitas, from which the word humanism is derived, is the equivalent of the Greek word for education.

Within the framework of the Renaissance, humanism calls on a person to master the ancient wisdom that was important for that time and find a path to self-knowledge and self-improvement. Here there is a merging of all the best that other periods could offer that left their mark on the MHC. The Renaissance took the ancient heritage of antiquity, the religiosity and secular code of honor of the Middle Ages, the creative energy and human mind of the New Time, creating a completely new and seemingly perfect type of worldview.

Renaissance in various spheres of human artistic activity

During this period, illusory life-like paintings replaced icons, becoming the center of innovation. Landscapes, household paintings, and portraits are actively painted. Printed engraving on metal and wood is widespread. Working sketches of artists become an independent form of creativity. Picture illusoryness is also present in

In architecture, under the influence of architects’ passion for the idea of ​​the centric, proportional temples, palaces and architectural ensembles that emphasize earthly, centrically perspective-organized horizontals are becoming popular.

The literature of the Renaissance is characterized by a love for Latin as the language of educated people, adjacent to national and popular languages. Genres such as the picaresque novel and urban novel, heroic poems and novels of medieval adventure-knight themes, satire, pastoral and love lyrics are becoming popular. At the peak of the popularity of drama, theaters staged performances with an abundance of city holidays and magnificent court extravaganzas, which became the birth of colorful syntheses of various types of arts.

In music there is a flourishing of strict musical polyphony. The complication of compositional techniques, the appearance of the first forms of sonatas, operas, suites, oratorios and overtures. Secular music, close to folk music, is becoming equal to religious music. There is a separation of instrumental music into a separate form, and the pinnacle of the era is the creation of full-fledged solo songs, operas and oratorios. The temple is being replaced by an opera house, which has taken the place of the center of musical culture.

In general, the main breakthrough is that the once medieval anonymity is being replaced by individual, authorial creativity. In this regard, world artistic culture is moving to a fundamentally new level.

Titans of the Renaissance

It is not surprising that such a fundamental revival of art from the ashes could not have taken place without those people who created a new culture with their creations. They were later called "titans" for the contributions they made.

The Proto-Renaissance was personified by Giotto, and in the Quattrocento period the constructively strict Masaccio and the soulful and lyrical works of Botticelli and Angelico opposed each other.

The middle, or represented by Raphael, Michelangelo and, of course, Leonardo da Vinci - artists who became iconic at the turn of the Modern Age.

Famous architects of the Renaissance were Bramante, Brunelleschi and Palladio. Bruegel the Elder, Bosch and Van Eyck are painters of the Dutch Renaissance. Holbein the Younger, Durer, Cranach the Elder became the founders of the German Renaissance.

The literature of this period remembers the names of such “titan” masters as Shakespeare, Petrarch, Cervantes, Rabelais, who gave the world lyric poetry, novel and drama, and also contributed to the formation of the literary languages ​​of their countries.

Undoubtedly, the Renaissance contributed to the development of many trends in art and gave impetus to the creation of new ones. It is unknown what the history of world artistic culture would have been like if this period had not existed. Perhaps classical art today would not evoke such admiration; most movements in literature, music and painting would not exist at all. Or maybe everything with which we are accustomed to associate classical art would have appeared, but many years or even centuries later. Whatever the course of events, only one thing is clear: even today we admire the works of this era, and this once again proves its importance in the cultural life of society.

This section includes project topics for MCC(world artistic culture), not included in the lists of topics for grades 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11.
The page asks you to select interesting research topics on MCC, which examines the architecture, painting and sculpture of the Ancient East, Egypt, Europe and Russia.

We distributed research topics on world artistic culture by class, below you can go and view topics on MHC for grades 7-11.

Also offered are topics for research papers on culture to get acquainted with museums around the world.

Among the topics of project work on MHC, you can choose an interesting project topic for students in any grade of the school. Topics cover the culture of almost all known civilizations of the world.

Research topics on MCC (general)

Interesting topics of MHC projects for school students:

Arcangelo Corelli.
Architecture of Ancient Egypt.
Architectural monuments of the city in which I live.
Architectural modernity of one of the cities of Russia.
Biblical subjects and images in the works of El Greco (Rembrandt and others)
Martial martial arts
Everyday genre in Western European and Russian painting.
V. A. Serov “Girl with Peaches”
Venetian mask.
The influence of African sculpture on the work of P. Picasso.
The influence of Venetian masks on the images of modern fashion.
The influence of Byzantium on the formation of the culture and art of Kievan Rus
The magical art of amigurumi.
Museum city of St. Petersburg and its suburbs.
Gothic art.
Greek theater.
Decor of a person's position in society. Greek vase painting.
Old Russian icon painting
Egyptian style in a modern interior.
Painting by S. Dali and the theater of the absurd.
Painting from the era of the "Itinerants".
The life of Jesus in works of art.
The ideal of beauty in different eras
From the history of French costume.
Impressionism. Auguste Renoir
Impressionistic techniques in the works of K. Korovin (V. Serov).
Art of Gzhel. Origins and modern development of the fishery.
Art of Gorodets. Origins and modern development of the fishery.
Art of Pre-Columbian America.
Art of Western Europe of the 17th century. (Baroque era).

Project topics for MCC (continued)

Interesting research topics on MHC for students:

Joseph Lanner, founder of the Viennese waltz.
My dream room.
Costume of Russian peasants of the Tver province of the 19th – early 20th centuries
Antique culture
Oriental dance culture
Culture and life of the peoples of Kuban in the 17th - 18th centuries.
Culture and art of Byzantium
Culture and art of the Enlightenment.
Renaissance majolica
Can art be a weapon?
Museums of Europe
Museums of the world. The history of the formation of the museum, the principles by which national collections were formed.
Museums of Russia.
Museums of Ukraine.
Museum in the modern sociocultural situation of the city.
The image of Cleopatra in cinema.
The image of a cat in Russian culture.
The image of Peter I in the sculptures of B.K. Rastrelli and E. Falcone.
The image of the sun in folk art.
Images of Madonnas in the works of Leonardo da Vinci (Raphael).
Features of the Russian spiritual ideal in the works of M. Nesterov.
Reflection of images of primitive art in the works of P. Gauguin.
Pyramids in modern architecture.
The search for the Fauves and the peculiarities of their figurative language.
Refraction of iconographic principles in the painting of El Greco.
Nature and man in the fine arts of romanticism (on the example of the work of K. D. Friedrich).
The problem of choosing a life path in the works of A. Ivanov “The Appearance of Christ to the People” and I. Kramskoy “Christ in the Desert”.
Walk through Versailles.
The contrast between natural and artificial as the main motive of K. Somov’s creativity.
Psychologism of sculptural portraits by A.S. Golubkina.
The role of Toulouse-Lautrec in the development of poster art.
Romanesque art
Chivalry
The originality of the elegy painting genre in the work of V. Borisov-Musatov.
The originality of F. Rokotov’s stylistic style.
The symbolism of still life in Dutch painting of the 17th century.
Symbolism of jewelry of Ancient Egypt. The connection of symbolism with the worldview of the Egyptians.
Symbolic images in Vrubel’s works.
Renaissance sculpture: Donatello, Michelangelo.
Sculptural image of a person in the art of Ancient Egypt, in ancient art, in the sculpture of the Middle Ages.
Sculptural decoration of Gothic cathedrals.
Slavic mythology "Russian evil spirits"
Slavic mythology "Sacred birds"
Soviet and American culture of the 20s of the XX century.
The secret of beauty in Russian female portraits of the 19th century.
Dance of Goddess Guan
Dances of the Baroque era in the music of the early 17th century composer Andrea Falconieri.
Traditions of ancient Russian art in the architecture of Peter the Great.
Artistic discoveries of the “little Dutchmen”.
Features of Romanticism in the works of the Pre-Raphaelites.
Exoticism of the East in the works of Delacroix.
Tour of the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople.

Abstract to the material

Presentations on MCC, which can be downloaded right now for free on all lesson topics from sections of our website, allow you to create an ideal classroom environment for developing key competencies in the subject among school students, for studying the main trends in world artistic culture, for meeting famous personalities whose activities influenced formation of the culture of entire eras. Ready-made teacher developments, filled with illustrative and textual material, assist in the rapid assimilation of the material by high school and middle school students, significantly increase interest in the subject and improve the quality of its assimilation at any stage.

It is impossible to conduct a lesson in world artistic culture without visualization. In short, even using a huge number of epithets or comparisons, not a single painting or architectural structure can be accurately described. Showing small pictures in front of the class is not always practical or aesthetically pleasing; most teachers do not have the opportunity to take children to museums. But today everyone has a great opportunity: download the presentation on MHC for free and using examples of art to introduce children to the spiritual heritage that was formed over several centuries and carefully preserved by our people. Having seen with their own eyes a reproduction of a masterpiece dating back to the Middle Ages or the Renaissance, or having heard a piece of music or an excerpt from it in class, students begin to look at the creations of great artists, architects, composers in a new way and see their work in a different way, discovering new names for themselves and wonderful works.

Many presentations on the topic of MHC were made by teachers, some works were presented by students who studied the topic and created their own work to defend the project. Each multimedia guide is a small virtual journey to a separate museum or to the country where the great creator lived. By looking at the slides of the finished presentation on the MHC, which can be downloaded for free for lessons, students do not just get acquainted with the Louvre or the Russian Museum. Schoolchildren draw their own conclusions, make brilliant discoveries and become rich spiritually by gaining knowledge.

Digital technologies have come to our world. They are firmly established in education, so let every teacher have the opportunity in one place download presentations for lessons in world artistic culture and show them in lessons to students in grades 10-11. Sometimes the themes of these works may be consonant with the material studied in history, art, and therefore interactive aids may have wider use in the work of a school teacher.

Presentations on world artistic culture can be useful for students who are independently preparing a lesson topic at home. It is no less interesting to look at any of the works at leisure for those who are interested in culture, and discover an amazing world of artistic images and interesting people.

Every teacher strives to be modern. Do you want to instill in students a love for their subject? Ready-made presentations on MHC for lessons in grades 10-11 will allow you to do this. Download them to your media library and use them in open and regular lessons.

MHC - 8th grade

Urgently need presentations on MHC for 8th grade? Here is a new section on the Klassnye-chasy.ru portal, where all finished works completed by teachers and students of the school can be downloaded for free. The lesson will turn into a real journey, where you can not only talk, but also see, reason, discuss, compare and draw conclusions. Schoolchildren on such...

MHC - 9th grade

Presentations on MHC in 9th grade are needed by every teacher who will teach this subject. Without this visual material, it is impossible to reveal the essence of complex concepts; it will not be possible to imagine the luxury and beauty of modern culture, the originality of ancient art, or the world of creativity of individual authors. Computers appeared in schools. Today they no longer call anyone...

MHC - 10th grade

Presentations on MHC in the 10th grade are unique visual aids that will allow the teacher to introduce schoolchildren in class to any work of art and any artist, composer, sculptor, architect who is its author. Colorful slides with pictures that accompany the teacher's stories help make the learning session interesting. This is the benefit that...

MHC - 11th grade

Presentations on MHC in the 11th grade allow you to intensify the educational process and arouse interest in the culture of your country and world-famous artistic creations. Multimedia resources, which are usually made in the Power Point program, have become the optimal visual aid for lessons in world artistic culture. The use of such manuals allows you to fill each training session with new meaning....

Olympic Games in Ancient Greece - presentation The presentation tells how the first Olympic Games took place in Ancient Greece. You can download the development for a history lesson in the 5th grade or for a fine arts lesson for...Punic Wars - presentation A presentation on the topic “Punic Wars” was made for a history lesson in the 5th grade. This development is an excellent visual aid, using examples of which you can talk about a number of...Presentation Religion of the Ancient Greeks A presentation on the topic “Religion of the Ancient Greeks” talks about religious beliefs in Greece, what gods the ancient people prayed to, what myths about Demeter, Dionysus, Prometheus...

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Presentation for the lesson of World Artistic Culture In the 10th grade (Profile level) The presentation was made by: MHC teacher of the First qualification category T.D. Ageeva Municipal budgetary educational institution of Vladimir “Secondary school No. 15”

Art of the Middle Ages

General characteristics of medieval culture The beginning of the era of medieval culture is considered to be 476, the year of the fall of the Roman Empire. There is also an art history term “medieval culture” - from the adoption of Christianity by the Emperor of Rome Constantine as the official religion in 313 and up to the 15th century.

When studying the topic, it is necessary to pay attention to the following questions: The Middle Ages includes 3 periods - 3 stages of the development of feudalism (formation, prosperity and decline) The Early Middle Ages dates back to the V - X centuries Mature feudalism - X - the end of the XV century Late Middle Ages - XV - XVII centuries The spirit of the era: the movement of peoples, the creation of new states, the expansion of trade and cultural ties between Europe and North Africa, the Middle East, the emergence of the first parliaments and constitutions, inventions, European languages. A contradiction in the worldview of the Middle Ages: man is the crown of nature, man is God's servant.

A special place in culture is occupied by such genres of art as architecture and painting. The language of science and the church is Latin. The art of “language in stone” is the lot of the common people. The role of the church and its influence on the culture of the Middle Ages was very great. The church is the main customer of works of art and serves a religious cult. The plots of the works are of a religious nature: they are images of the other world, the language of symbols and allegories. There is no portrait genre, since it is believed that an ordinary person is not worthy of being depicted. The main genre of painting is the icon. Subjects - lives of saints, images of the Mother of God, Jesus Christ. When studying the topic, you need to pay attention to the following questions:

Features of architecture Romanesque style The term "Romanesque style" appeared in the 19th century from the concept - "Romanesque languages." They are based on Latin - the language of the ancient Romans. The period that covers the Romanesque style is X - XII centuries. This is the first great style in art. Stages of development of Romanesque art: - pre-Romanesque - 5-9 centuries - Romanesque - 11-12 centuries Main types of buildings: - feudal castle - monastery ensemble - temple

The main features of the construction of castles: - the castle is a product of the feudal era, the period of fragmentation, wars, raids. For self-defense purposes, the castle was built as a fortress. - heavy, gloomy grandeur - jagged top - three-story towers - moat - huge gates on chains - bridge - Donjons - high rectangular towers, under which there were underground storerooms, quarters for servants and guards. Choice of construction site: hill or elevated place, river slope.

The donjon is the tallest and largest tower of the castle, in which the feudal lord took refuge during the siege.

Leaning Tower of Pisa Built of white marble, a masterpiece of medieval architecture. The Leaning Tower of Pisa is called the leaning tower due to its tilt due to subsidence of the soil. In 1301, its last tier was shifted in the opposite direction.

Gothic style "Gothic" - the term was introduced by Renaissance humanists, who considered everything that was not antique to be negative and barbaric. The Goths, who disappeared as a people among the Italians, Germans, and Spaniards, have nothing to do with the name. Gothic style is the second great style of the Middle Ages. It originated in France and dominated from the 12th to the 16th centuries.

A Gothic church (cathedral) can be immediately recognized by its pointed arches (pointed upward), window arches, and doorways. Churches no longer look like fortresses; they easily rise to the sky, as if they were not made of stone at all. The windows are lined with colored glass - stained glass and take up so much space that there are almost no walls left. The vaults are supported by pillars covered with semi-columns, resembling bundles of stems.

Notre Dame Cathedral

In late Gothic, drawings of stained glass windows, sculptures, “stone” ornaments, and ceiling carvings became increasingly more complex. They often resemble complex lace patterns. I can't even believe that all this is made of stone.

Gothic style in architecture

Features of the applied art of the Middle Ages The artistic craft was the most developed. They richly decorated even household items. Wicker patterns were used especially generously. It consisted of an endless strip, the interlacing of which filled the entire surface of the object. Between the weavings were images of animals and people, distorted and simplified, or stylized.

The main forms of painting are monumental temple painting - mosaics and frescoes, icon painting, book miniatures. Mosaic is a complex technique of folding a picture from multi-colored pieces of smalt (an alloy of glass with mineral paints). Here the angle of incidence of light was precisely calculated, the surface of the mosaic was made slightly rough. Stained glass is a picturesque canvas made of pieces of multi-colored glass; the angle of incidence of light played a special role. The color gave a unique color to the entire room of the temple. Blue, red, yellow colors were used. The image was flat, without shadows, themes on religious subjects, which were instructive in nature.

Features of medieval sculpture Sculpture of the Middle Ages has its own characteristics - images of saints are devoid of canon, simple faces, images of real people, fantastic creatures, forces of evil (asps) decorated churches. The reliefs depicted biblical events and legendary scenes from the lives of saints. In addition to decorating churches, the reliefs had another purpose. Ordinary people in those days were illiterate, and for their enlightenment they created a “bible of the poor” from stone.

Terminology of the Middle Ages Ascetic Setting Scholasticism Vagant Codex Vivarium Allegory Miniature Donjon Canon Rose Treatise Icon Altar Stained glass

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Culture (from Latin cultura - cultivation, upbringing, education, development, veneration) Culture is a set of material and spiritual values, life ideas, patterns of behavior, norms, methods and techniques of human activity: - reflecting a certain level of historical development of society and man; - embodied in objective, material media; and - transmitted to subsequent generations.

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Artistic culture (art) is a specific type of reflection and formation of reality by a person in the process of artistic creativity in accordance with certain aesthetic ideals. WORLD CULTURE - CREATED IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD.

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Functions of art Narrative-cognitive - knowledge and enlightenment. Information and communication - communication between the viewer and the artist, communication between people and works of art, communication among themselves about works of art. Prognostic - anticipation and prediction. Socially transformative and intellectual-moral - people and society become better, they are imbued with the ideals that art puts forward, they reject what criticism of art is aimed at.

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Aesthetic - development of abilities of artistic perception and creativity. Using examples of works of art, people develop their artistic taste and learn to see the beauty in life. Hedonistic - pleasure. Psychological impact on a person - when, listening to music, we cry, looking at a painting, we feel joy and a surge of strength. Art as a keeper of the memory of generations.

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SPATIAL TYPES OF ART - types of art whose works exist in space, without changing or developing over time; - have a substantive nature; - are performed by processing material material; - are perceived by viewers directly and visually. Spatial arts are divided into: - fine arts (painting, sculpture, graphics, photography); -non-fine arts (architecture, decorative and applied arts and artistic construction (design)).

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Fine arts Fine art is a type of art whose main feature is the reflection of reality in visual, visually perceptible images. Fine arts include: painting, graphics, sculpture, photography, printing

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PAINTING is a type of fine art, works of which are created on a plane using colored materials. Painting is divided into: easel, monumental, decorative

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Special types of painting are: icon painting, miniature, fresco, theatrical and decorative painting, diorama and panorama.

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SCULPTURE is a type of fine art, the works of which have a material, objective volume and a three-dimensional form located in real space. The main objects of the sculpture are humans and images of the animal world. The main types of sculpture are round sculpture and relief. sculpture is divided into: - monumental; - for monumental and decorative; - easel; and - sculpture of small forms.

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PHOTO ART is a plastic art whose works are created by means of photography.

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Non-fine arts design (artistic design). decorative and applied architecture,

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ARCHITECTURE is the art of designing and constructing buildings and creating artistically expressive ensembles. The main goal of architecture is to create an environment for work, life and recreation of the population.

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DECORATIVE ART is a field of plastic arts, the works of which, along with architecture, artistically shape the material environment surrounding a person. Decorative art is divided into: - monumental and decorative art; - decorative and applied arts; and - design art.

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DESIGN - artistic construction of the objective world; development of samples of rational construction of a subject environment.

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TEMPORARY TYPES OF ART Temporary types of art include: music; 2) fiction.

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Music is an art form that reflects reality in sound artistic images. Music can convey emotions and feelings of people, which is expressed in rhythm, intonation, and melody. According to the method of performance, it is divided into instrumental and vocal.

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Fiction is a type of art in which speech is the material carrier of imagery. It is sometimes called “fine literature” or “the art of words.” There are fiction, scientific, journalistic, reference, critical, courtly, epistolary and other literature.

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SPATIO-TEMPORAL (spectacular) TYPES OF ART These types of art include: 1) dance; 2) theater; 3) cinema; 4) variety and circus art.

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CINEMA - a type of art whose works are created by filming real, or specially staged, or using animation means of events, facts, and phenomena of reality. This is a synthetic art form that combines literature, theater, visual arts and music.

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DANCE is an art form in which artistic images are created by means of plastic movements and rhythmically clear and continuous changes in the expressive positions of the human body. Dance is inextricably linked with music, the emotional and figurative content of which is embodied in its choreographic composition, movements, and figures. .