On the benefits of physical education and sports.

Performing physical exercises causes the flow of nerve impulses from the working muscles and joints and brings the central nervous system into an active, active state. Accordingly, the work of internal organs is activated, which provides a person with high performance and gives him a tangible surge of vigor.

Many exercises contribute to the prevention and treatment of chronic disorders of the internal organs and the musculoskeletal system.

The main qualities that characterize the physical development of a person are strength, speed, agility, flexibility and endurance. The improvement of each of these qualities contributes to health, but far
not to the same extent. Weightlifting exercises make you strong, sprinting helps you become fast, the use of gymnastic and acrobatic exercises affects the development of agility and flexibility.

Scientists came to the conclusion that for effective recovery, prevention of respiratory diseases, it is necessary to train and improve, first of all, the most valuable physical quality in terms of health - endurance, which, combined with hardening and other components of a healthy lifestyle, will provide a reliable shield against many diseases.

You can achieve a high level of endurance using cyclic exercises, i.e. sufficiently long, uniform, repetitive loads. Cyclic exercises include running, Nordic walking, swimming, skiing, cycling, and, with certain reservations, such sports as basketball, tennis, handball, football, etc.

Scientific research and practice in many countries of the world have convincingly proved the leading healing effect of Nordic walking on the health of people of all ages. It has been proven that movement improves blood flow in all internal organs, including the brain, which is especially valuable, as it provides an energy base for improving brain regulation and mental activity.

After systematic training in the state of the nervous system, noticeable positive changes are observed. Vision and hearing improve, a positive emotional state prevails, lung capacity increases, mental capabilities increase significantly, and the information received is better remembered. Headaches practically disappear, sleep improves, mental and physical performance increases. All this is due to the increase in the brain tissues of special substances - neuropeptides, which make up the biochemical basis of mental activity.

The body's response to an increased need for oxygen is called the training effect or positive physical changes. Here are some such shifts:
the total volume of blood increases so much that the possibility of transporting oxygen improves, and therefore the person shows greater endurance during intense physical exertion;
lung volume increases;
the heart muscle is strengthened, better supplied with blood;
the content of high-density lipoproteins increases, the ratio of total cholesterol decreases, which reduces the risk of developing atherosclerosis;
the skeletal system is strengthened;
aerobics helps to cope with physical and emotional stress;
increased efficiency;
aerobics is a real way to lose weight or maintain normal weight.
The choice of an individual program of physical activity is necessary in order for exercise to be enjoyable, for the heart to become healthy and the body to be strong. Exercise improves mood, increases muscle tone, maintains spinal flexibility, and helps prevent disease.

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

Methodological development of extracurricular activities in physical culture and sports. Methodological development of extracurricular activities in physical culture and sports.

Annotation to educational and methodological developments of extracurricular activities in physical culture using non-standard equipment. one....

The need for a comprehensive solution to the problems of physical education of children is a sign of the main goal of national health programs until 2020. Since the beginning of the 2000s, there has been a trend in the world ...

1. Physical culture and sports as social phenomena of society

Physical culture (PC) is a part of human culture, a type of social activity aimed at developing physical abilities. PC is a type of social practice, which means that society recognizes such activities as useful and necessary for all citizens and is called upon to provide conditions for its development.

Indicators of the state of FC in society and the state are a set of material and spiritual values ​​created for the physical improvement of people, their level of health and physical development, and the degree of use of physical exercises in the field of education.

An indicator of the physical condition of young students is the proportion of people with good physical fitness and the proportion of people with poor physical fitness.

Physical assets include stadiums, swimming pools, gyms, sports facilities of educational institutions, medical institutions dealing with the problems of physical education, educational institutions that train personnel for physical education, research institutes (buildings, laboratories, equipment, etc.). Their number in relation to the population is an important indicator of the development of FC.

The spiritual values ​​of physical education are the science of physical education and sports, a network of educational institutions that train specialists in physical culture, works of art dedicated to physical education and sports (painting, sculpture, music, cinema), and a management system in the field of physical education.

The concept of "physical culture" includes sports.

Sport - a type of activity in the field of physical education, aimed at achieving maximum results in the chosen form.

The main sign of sport is competition - a comparison of strengths and physical abilities in the struggle for superiority or high sports results (who is better, who is stronger, who is faster?).

The formation of physical culture and its development is largely due to the material conditions of society. So what is "physical culture" as a phenomenon of the modern cultural life of society? This concept can be defined as follows:

Physical culture is part of the general culture of society, aimed at strengthening and improving the level of health, the comprehensive development of the physical abilities of the people and their use in social practice and everyday life of each person. . However, considering this definition, one should always remember that this phenomenon of the life of a modern person at every stage of the development of society has always had and has deep biological roots. , feeding the spreading crown of the tree of active life of each person. Movement (active motor activity) is one of the main components of the biological support for the life of the human body (and cells, tissues, organs, and physiological systems).

In evolutionary terms, all components of the human body developed and improved on the basis of movement and therefore require it constantly both for their development and for maintaining the functional capabilities of each person. The relevance of this provision increases with the steady reduction in the motor activity of a modern person. Academician A.I. Berg and his collaborators calculated that in the middle of the 19th century. of all the energy produced and consumed on Earth, 94% accounted for muscular strength, and already in the middle of the 20th century. only 1% fell to its share. This "hunger of movement", a weak motor background, is dangerous for human life, as it disrupts the normal metabolism in the body, the necessary balance between mental and physical stress. That is why there was a need culture the use of movement - this basis of the vital activity of the human body, i.e. development of a whole complex of social, biological, physiological, pedagogical and other aspects of knowledge about the effective use of movement to ensure human life in today's constantly changing conditions.

All this knowledge, each person's own attitude to their realization, society's attitude to this phenomenon created modern physical culture.

Thus, at its core, modern physical culture has expedient motor activity in the form of a variety of physical exercises that contribute to the biological development of a young organism, allow you to form the necessary skills and abilities, develop physical abilities, optimize health, mental stability and, in general, ensure high performance during all life.

The history of physical culture and sports goes back thousands of years. In modern systems of physical exercises, sports, numerous elements of the main forms of human physical activity in antiquity are clearly observed. Many modern systems of physical exercises are rooted in the religious, ritual, traditional actions of the peoples of the Ancient World, associated with strengthening and maintaining the working capacity of a person or individual systems of his body, as well as with the stabilization of mental processes.

In the historical development of individual sports and various systems of physical exercises, their connection with the conditions of the external environment, with the socio-economic factors of work, life and recreation of a person, is clearly visible. In addition, many changes in the internal structure of each sport often depended and depend on the progress of technology, on the results of scientific discoveries. These and other social factors are closely related to the constant improvement of theory and methodology, as well as the practice of sports training, medical and biological support of the training process.

Physical, culture and sports in the modern society are complex multifunctional phenomena. In our society, they perform a number of important social functions:

Strengthening people's health, promoting the reproduction of a healthy population and preserving the country's gene pool;

Education of a comprehensively and harmoniously developed personality with the desire to achieve its physical perfection;

Satisfying the needs of society in people physically prepared for modern production, for the fulfillment of the patriotic duty to defend the Motherland;

International education of citizens of the country, strengthening the unity and cohesion of nations, friendship and cooperation between peoples.

Physical culture and sports as a means of improving people's health and preserving the country's gene pool.

The main indicator of the physical condition of a person is his health, which ensures the full performance by a person of all vital functions and forms of activity in certain specific conditions.

Preservation and strengthening of human health, increasing the level of his physical fitness and ability to work, prolonging the creative activity of people is defined as the most important social task, the role of which in any society is extremely large.

In solving this problem, physical culture and sports, physical education of young people play an important role. Through the directed use of physical exercise, healthy lifestyles, etc. it is possible to change a wide range of indicators of physical development, physical functional readiness (strength, endurance, speed, flexibility, dexterity). The health-improving orientation of physical culture and mass sports is the regularity of their functioning. The choice of means of physical education, the regulation of physical activity are based primarily on the control over the state of health of the student by the doctor, trainer-teacher and are considered mandatory conditions for physical education and sports.

Concern for the gene pool of the country's population is one of the most important, and now the most urgent, state tasks. Many public and state structures are involved in this work. Physical culture and sports can make a significant contribution to solving this problem. It is no coincidence that in one of his speeches, the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin warned that an inattentive attitude to sports could "detrimentally affect the health of the nation."

It is the physical culture of future parents, their health and a healthy lifestyle that can ensure the health of the country's gene pool.

In biology, selection, there is a postulate: "Good with good gives the best ...", which can be attributed both to society, the state, and to each individual citizen.

Education of a comprehensively and harmoniously developed personality. Striving for physical perfection. The most effective in the implementation of this social function of physical culture is the process of physical education of young people and the practice of mass sports.

At the same time, comprehensive physical education involves the optimal development of all motor qualities: strength, endurance, speed (or speed capabilities), flexibility, agility (or coordination of movements).

It should be noted the effective possibilities of physical culture and sports not only in the field of physical development of a person, but also in the comprehensive assistance in educating other aspects of the personality: mental, moral, aesthetic, labor, and even ideological and patriotic. It is in the joint upbringing and development of the physical and spiritual principles of a person's personality that the main goal of the harmonious formation of a person lies. At the same time, the impact of physical culture and sports on a person is specific and cannot be replaced or compensated by any other means.

As for the desire to achieve the ideal - physical perfection, here we are faced with a philosophical interpretation of the very concept of "ideal". The difficulty of achieving it is recognized for various reasons (but this should be strived for!), including because of its variability over time.

Therefore, the essence of physical perfection is most briefly stated in the definition of its concept.

Physical perfection is a historically determined level of health and comprehensive development of people's physical abilities that meets the requirements of human activity in certain conditions of production, military affairs and other areas of public life, ensuring a high degree of human performance for many years.

Specific signs and indicators of physical perfection are determined by the real needs and conditions of society at each historical stage and therefore change as society develops.

Preparation of people for professional work and defense of the motherland.

One of the main functions of physical culture and sports is to meet the needs of society in the physical fitness of people involved in production, their psychophysical readiness to fulfill their civic duty to protect their homeland.

As already mentioned, from the initial stages of the development of human society, physical exercises were used as one of the most active means of preparing a person for labor and military activity and were important in adapting him to the ever more complex forms of labor and military practice. A significant decrease in the share of simple physical labor and a constant increase in the share of mental labor in the process of modern production in any professional activity does not reduce the requirements for the physical fitness of workers, but even more sharpens the problems of the psychophysical reliability of a person in the production system and professional business relations.

It is probably no coincidence that in terms of significant changes in the labor market, such announcements appear and become commonplace: “The banking system ... requires young law graduates who speak a foreign language and have good physical fitness. The pay is high."

Physical culture and sports play a special role in preparing for the active work of the young generation. It is known that a well-trained person, strong, enduring, dexterous and quick, possessing a variety of skills and abilities, will quickly and successfully adapt to new working conditions. This allows him to work more intensively and productively, to be competitive in modern industrial and business life. Therefore, it will be appropriate to note the following important postulate here:

There are no other means in society, except for physical culture and sports, with the help of which it would be possible to prepare people who are sufficiently developed physically for new production, new business relations.

Physical culture and sports are means of strengthening peace, friendship and cooperation between peoples. Physical culture and sports as social phenomena have national and international forms of development, as evidenced, in particular, by the historical experience of the Olympic movement.

In our country, at present, the national form of development of physical culture and sports is manifested in the development of national sports, in the implementation of physical education in the native language, in the mass training of national personnel. National sports are also used as a means of solving modern problems of physical education - this is provided for by the state exemplary program for the discipline "Physical Culture".

Speaking in sports competitions held in different regions, territories and republics of the country, representatives of various nationalities get acquainted with historical places, life and life of people of other nationalities. The friendly atmosphere in which sports competitions are usually held, the rules for conducting them, requiring respect for the opponent, joint training of athletes of different nationalities, etc. - all this undoubtedly contributes to the international education of athletes, and not only them, but also the numerous spectators watching the competitions.

Modern sport is of great importance in the development of human contacts and relationships not only within one country, but also between different countries. On an international scale, the international in sports is manifested through the broadest modern multinational sports movement.

International sports meetings bring up respect for representatives of other countries, their customs, help overcome racial prejudice, create an atmosphere of mutual understanding between people, and encourage international cooperation.

2. The current state of physical culture and sports

The concept of "culture" can be defined as the degree of disclosure of the potential of the individual in various areas of human activity and, importantly, in certain historical and modern conditions. The results of human cultural activity are recorded and reflected in spiritual and material values. This activity creates new values ​​necessary for the development of the culture of subsequent generations, whose life activity takes place in new conditions. All these features are inherent in modern physical culture.

With the transition of Russia in the early 1990s to a new political and economic model of social development, the system of physical culture also underwent significant changes.

The orientation and functioning of the system of physical culture and sports over several decades of previous years was determined by the utilitarian orientation (physical preparation for work, defense of the Motherland), as well as the prestigious function of national sports in the international arena.

In recent years, there has been a shift in the goal of physical culture towards the priority of the psychophysical development of the individual, the formation of its physical culture.

The main provisions of the state policy in the field of physical culture and sports in the Russian Federation and the Russian Olympic movement were defined in the Federal Law “On Physical Culture and Sports in the Russian Federation” and the Concept for the Development of Physical Culture and Sports in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2005.

The law consists of VII chapters and regulates the following provisions:

• principles of state policy in the field of physical culture and sports, measures of state support;
• the system of physical culture and sports in the Russian Federation, including the subjects of physical culture (physical culture and sports movement), the competence of state authorities in the field of physical culture and sports, the activities of the Russian Olympic Committee, sports associations and sports organizations, sports schools and schools of the Olympic reserve, national teams of the Russian Federation in sports, interaction with executive authorities, local governments and sports associations, scientific, methodological and technical support for the development of physical culture and sports;
• physical culture and health-improving work and development of sports of the highest achievements;
• promotion of physical culture and sports;
• the rights and obligations of athletes, employees of sports organizations, public sports organizers and their social protection;
• resource provision in the field of physical culture and sports, etc. (Federal Law of the Russian Federation of April 29, 1999 No. 80-FZ).

The Concept for the Development of Physical Culture and Sports in the Russian Federation characterizes the current state of physical culture and sports in our country and defines the main goal of the state in the field of physical culture and sports - the improvement of the nation, the formation of a healthy lifestyle of the population, the harmonious education of a healthy, physically strong generation, as well as a worthy performance of Russian athletes at major international sports competitions.

The state policy in the field of physical culture and sports provides for the following main areas of activity in the development of physical culture and sports:

• formation among the population of understanding of the need for physical culture and sports and raising the level of knowledge in this area;
• creating conditions for a worthy performance of Russian athletes at major international sports competitions;
• development of elite sports;
• strengthening the role of the Russian Federation and the subjects of the Russian Federation in matters of regulation and management of physical culture and sports;
• improvement of the system of management and organization of physical culture and sports, development of new organizational and managerial solutions aimed at creating a system of physical culture and recreation and sports and mass work among the population;
• development of sports medicine, as well as current areas of science in the field of physical culture and sports, the use of scientific research results in the practice of the physical culture and sports movement in Russia;
• formation of a permanent information-propaganda and educational system that promotes the involvement of citizens in active physical culture and sports and the formation of a healthy lifestyle of the population, especially the younger generation;
• providing children, disabled people and older people with preferential conditions for physical culture and sports;
• attracting funds and various sources for the development of physical culture and sports, as well as sports of the highest achievements, including budgets of all levels and extra-budgetary funds, incl. received from the realization of the rights to television broadcasts, holding sports lotteries and from other activities in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, stimulating the attraction of investments for the development of physical culture and sports;
• formation of a regional policy in the field of physical culture and sports;
• formation of regulatory legal and organizational and economic mechanisms for attracting and using extra-budgetary sources of funding;
• analysis of the effectiveness of the use of sports facilities;
• development of infrastructure (sports facilities, training centers and sports bases) for physical culture and sports in accordance with the programs for the development of physical culture and sports at all levels;
• holding mass health-improving and sports competitions, incl. “Golden Puck”, “Leather Ball”;
• preparation of a sports reserve through the development of youth sports;
• training and advanced training of employees in the field of physical culture and sports, including management, marketing and law in the field of physical culture and sports, certification of managerial personnel.

3. Physical culture of the individual

First of all, it is necessary to define what we mean by the physical culture of a person.

In the most concise way, this concept can be represented as follows:

The physical culture of a person is characterized by the level of her education in the field of physical culture, optimal physical fitness, which is reflected in a healthy lifestyle, in the types and forms of active physical culture and sports activities.

The physical culture of a person is associated with the desire, need and ability of a person to maintain his bodily "I". And this requires a certain amount of knowledge. : about the morphological and functional features of various organs and systems of the body, about the influence of physical work and physical exercises on their development, as well as on the development of physical qualities (strength, endurance, dexterity, speed, flexibility), about the dangers of bad habits (smoking, alcohol, drugs).

Another necessary condition for the formation of a person's physical culture is the desire to master a system of certain skills and abilities. , ensuring the preservation and strengthening of health, physical well-being, development of abilities (for example, the ability to draw up a lesson plan for the development of physical qualities, prevention of adverse effects of professional activity, etc.). Specific skills (industrial gymnastics, a complex of morning exercises, the ability to swim, ski, etc.) will help in the implementation of the task. However, having certain knowledge and skills is not enough; it is necessary to apply them in practice, in life. Only regular physical culture and sports will help to achieve the required level of development of physical qualities, i.e. reaching a certain level of fitness.

Physical education is a pedagogical process aimed at the morphological and functional improvement of the human body, at increasing the level of physical qualities, the formation and improvement of motor skills, the improvement of body shapes (the formation of correct posture, the development of the chest, muscles). The improvement of the human body in this direction also occurs under the influence of natural factors: age-related changes, living conditions, heredity. The strength, endurance, speed of a 17-year-old boy is incomparably higher than that of a 10-year-old child. Of the two peers, the one who works more in the garden, in the forest, leads a more active lifestyle (rides a bicycle, boat, skis, plays football, etc.) will be better physically developed. Physical education involves purposeful activities to master certain motor skills, improve physical qualities, improve body shapes.

Physical development is considered in two meanings:

As a process of changing the morphological and functional properties of the human body during his life;

As a result of this process, characterized by such features as height, weight, lung capacity, and other anthropometric data, as well as the degree of development of physical qualities (strength, endurance, etc.).

Physical training is physical education aimed at preparing a person for a certain type of activity (diver, fireman, pilot, athlete). The result of physical training is physical fitness. It is characterized by the level of development of the leading quality for this activity (endurance, strength, agility, flexibility, speed) and the degree of mastery of leading skills (high, medium and low). Often qualities and skills are evaluated jointly (for example, for a fireman, the speed of climbing an inclined ladder in full dress and with a fire hose in his hands).

It is known that the formation of the character and behavior of a person, the characteristics of his personality are largely determined by the social conditions, the environment in which he lived and lives. Therefore, the formation of the physical culture of the individual as one of the sides of the general culture does not occur from the moment of receiving a student card.

A young person entering a higher educational institution may already have both a conscious positive attitude towards physical culture, and an indifferent or even negative one. And it is not so important (although not indifferent) where and under whose influence these attitudes were acquired - in the family, school, in the circle of peer friends, etc. The fact is important!

Therefore, one of the main and difficult tasks of the discipline "Physical Culture" in a higher educational institution is the task of forming in all students, young enough adults, a meaningfully positive attitude towards physical culture and sports. At the same time, it should not have a momentary focus, but be aimed at their entire subsequent life (healthy lifestyle, physical activity, sports, active recreation, ensuring a long active life).

What criteria can be put in the assessment of the degree of formed ™ physical culture of the individual? According to Professor M.Ya. Vilensky, they can include both objective and subjective indicators. These indicators include:

The degree of need for physical culture and ways to meet it;

Intensity of participation in physical culture and sports activities (time spent, regularity);

The nature of the complexity and creative level of this activity;

The severity of the emotional-volitional and moral manifestations of this person in physical culture and sports activities (independence, perseverance, diligence, purposefulness, self-control, discipline, collectivism, patriotism);

The manifestation of self-organization, self-education, self-education and self-improvement in physical culture;

The level of physical perfection and attitude to it;

Possession of means, methods, skills and abilities necessary for independent physical improvement;

Consistency and depth of assimilation of scientific and practical knowledge on physical culture for creative use in the practice of physical culture and sports activities;

The breadth of the range and regularity of the use of knowledge, skills and experience of physical culture and sports activities in the organization of a healthy lifestyle, in educational and professional activities.

Thus, as an integrated result of physical education, self-training of a student, the formation of physical culture of the personality of a future specialist should be manifested in his active attitude to his health, physical abilities and abilities, in the way (style) of life, in everyday life and professional activities.

4. Physical culture in various spheres of life

In the process of life, a person is engaged in many activities that are to some extent associated with motor activity and significant physical exertion. However, not all of them can be attributed to physical culture. Therefore, the essential core of physical culture can only be considered motor activity associated with the obligatory performance of physical exercises. The physical loads performed at the same time can be of different sizes, depending on the tasks set - to restore, maintain or develop one's physical condition. Therefore, not every, but only cultivated (useful, expedient) motor activity that positively affects the psychophysical sphere of a person can be attributed to physical culture. But the motor activity, for example, of a loader, has no direct relation to physical culture, because. its aim is not the development of oneself, but the fulfillment of a production task, which can be achieved at any cost, even by overexertion. Such a situation in physical culture is, in principle, unacceptable and harmful. Thus, the activity aspect of physical culture is realized as a result of a person performing physical exercises; at the same time, the activity must meet the tasks of physical education and be organized in full accordance with the laws of physical education. Unlike other types of human physical activity, physical activity has a number of fundamental features:

1. Physical activity necessarily contains a motor component, which, as a rule, is predominant in it;
2. Activities in the field of physical culture are represented by the most rational forms of motor actions, which have their own specific methods of training. When cultivating speed abilities, for example, the methodology will differ significantly from that when cultivating general endurance in almost all respects;
3. The physical activity of a person is always aimed at improving oneself in terms of mastering the rational technique of exercise, educating physical qualities, forming the correct posture, improving health, etc. Goals that lie outside the person himself, although they can exist and be solved in parallel, are not leading ones.

All these signs in their totality are inherent only in physical culture. They are not typical for other aspects of human activity in full.

5. Physical culture as an academic discipline of higher agricultural special education. The main provisions of the organization of physical education in a higher educational institution

The following documents are the main legislative and instructive documents that determine the obligation, main focus and scope of the discipline "Physical Education" in the curricula of all higher professional educational institutions.

1. Federal Law “On Physical Culture and Sports in the Russian Federation” (1999).

2. Special order of the Russian Federation, mandatory for all public and private educational institutions. According to this order, universities are obliged to ensure the organization of physical education in accordance with the current educational standards, planning the conduct of the academic discipline "Physical Education" for 4 classroom hours per week in I-II courses, 2 hours per week in III-IV courses with the final grade (exam).

3. An exemplary program of the academic discipline "Physical Education", which is a federal component of the cycle of general humanitarian and socio-economic disciplines in the state educational standard of vocational education.

The main provisions of the program of the compulsory academic discipline "Physical Education" in higher educational institutions and its professional orientation.

The program includes the following main sections:

· Organizational and methodological section. In this section, the purpose of the course is defined as the formation of the physical culture of the student's personality and his ability to use various means of physical culture for the preservation and promotion of health, psychophysical training and self-training for future professional activities.

Theoretical section - the material of the section provides for students to master the system of scientific, practical and special knowledge necessary for understanding the natural and social processes of the functioning of the physical culture of society and the individual.

· Practical section - educational material is aimed at increasing the level of functional and motor abilities, the formation of the necessary qualities and personality traits, the practical mastery of the methods and means of physical culture and sports activities through the acquisition of personal experience, the directed use of physical culture and sports.

The means of the practical section of classes in the work program of the Department of Physical Education are determined independently.

Mandatory types of physical exercises to be included in the work program for physical culture are: separate disciplines of athletics (100m run - men, women, 2000m run - women, 3000m run - men), swimming, sports games, cross-country skiing, professional -applied physical training (PPFP).

The control section, in which operational, current, final control is provided through control classes, tests and exams. The last of them makes it possible to conduct a comprehensive test of knowledge, methodological and practical skills, to identify the general physical fitness of the student, his psychophysical readiness for professional activities.

One of the conditions and criteria that ensure the success of the process of physical education is the regularity of attending compulsory practical classes in the academic discipline "Physical Culture". Therefore, this requirement remains mandatory for the implementation of the standards in each semester, since it is systematic classes that provide a physiologically and methodologically justified increase in the functional and motor fitness (training) of students.

Professional orientation of physical education of students in a higher educational institution.

In higher education, students have already chosen their future profession. The academic discipline "Physical Education" is called upon, along with other disciplines, to contribute to the professional development of future specialists. Therefore, the entire educational process of physical education of students should have a certain professional and applied orientation. Its specific implementation is carried out by a special selection of means in practical exercises that provide an accentuated development and formation of those physical qualities, skills and abilities that students most need for their future professional activities. The program also provides for two obligatory lectures (III-IV courses) related to this section of the PPFP: "Professional-applied physical training" and "Physical culture in the professional activities of a bachelor and a specialist." The Department of Physical Education for each semester develops special practical standards and requirements for this section of the program, which may differ significantly for students of different faculties.

Fundamentals of the organization of the educational process in the physical education of students at the university.

In the physical education of students, various forms of educational and extracurricular activities are used throughout the entire period of study at the university.

Training sessions (I-IV courses) are held in the form of:

Mandatory theoretical, practical, control; individual and individual-group additional

classes and consultations;

Self-study on assignment and with periodic supervision of the teacher.

Extracurricular activities are organized in the form of:

Performing physical and recreational activities during the school day;

Amateur physical exercises, sports, tourism during extracurricular time (in sports clubs, sections, interest groups);

Mass recreational, physical culture and sports events.

For practical training in the academic discipline "Physical Education", on the basis of a medical report, students are distributed into three educational departments: basic, special, sports. The distribution is carried out before the start of the academic year, taking into account the state of health, gender, physical development, physical and sports fitness.

Students who have not passed a medical examination are not allowed to practical training sessions, which is considered to be absent from training sessions for an unexcused reason.

Those who are assigned to the main and preparatory medical groups are enrolled in the main department; in a special educational department - students assigned to a special medical group, taking into account their physical condition.

Those who, for health reasons, are exempted from practical training in physical education for a long time, are also enrolled in a special educational department to master the available sections of the program. The same department enrolls students assigned to special practical classes in groups of therapeutic physical culture (LFK).

The sports department, which consists of training groups in sports cultivated in a given university, enrolls students of the main medical group who have shown good physical and sports fitness, corresponding to the sports level of the group or team in sports in a particular university team. This correspondence is determined by the trainer - teacher of the Department of Physical Education.

It is possible to transfer a student from one educational department to another at his request only after the successful completion of the semester or academic year.

The transfer of students to a special educational department on the basis of a medical report can be made at any time of the academic year.

At the end of each semester, a final assessment of students is carried out in all educational departments.

The credit requirements include:

Knowledge of the theoretical section (oral survey);

Performing tests on general physical, professionally applied physical and sports and technical training (fulfillment of established standards).

Tests in general physical, professional, applied and sports training are evaluated in points (from 1 to 5). A score below one point for at least one practical test exercise does not allow you to qualify for a credit in the practical section, which is determined by the average mark for all established tests for a given semester.

The program has established the following total average marks for tests of the practical section:

Average score 2.0 points - "satisfactory";

Average score 3.0 points - "good";

The average score is 3.5 points - "excellent".

Moreover, three tests (see Table 1.1.), which characterize general physical fitness, are mandatory at the end of each course in all universities of the country.

In a special educational department, test exercises and tests, their scores in points are established by the Department of Physical Education, taking into account the characteristics of the student population.

All students of the special department at the end of each semester submit abstracts (volume 3-5 pages) on a topic related to their individual deviations in the state of health, which is provided for by the program:

I semester - "Diagnosis and a brief description of the student's disease. The impact of the disease on personal performance and well-being.

II semester - "Medical contraindications for physical exercises and the use of other means of physical culture in this disease (diagnosis)".

IV semester - "Compilation and justification of an individual complex of physical exercises and available means of physical culture (with an indication of the approximate dosage)".

At the end of the course of the discipline "Physical Education" in all educational departments, an exam is held.

The condition for admission to exams in all departments is the availability of credits for each previous semester and the performance of tests in general physical, professional-applied and sports training, established in the last semester of study, not lower than the grade "satisfactory".

The final certification is carried out in the form of an oral survey on the theoretical and methodological sections of the program. The final assessment consists of the average between the assessments of the theoretical and practical sections of the program.

Thus, in the physical education of students, certain forms of directed use of the means of physical culture and sports have developed. The main among them is such a form as training sessions. It is carried out in accordance with the program, which allows building the educational process, taking into account the level of general physical fitness, health status and sports fitness. To assess the effectiveness of the program, specially developed standards of general and special physical and technical fitness are used. This allows us to solve the problems of versatile professional-applied physical training, improvement in the chosen sport in order to prepare for labor and defense of our Motherland.

List of used literature

1. Ilyinich V.I. Physical culture of students and life: Textbook. - M .: Gardariki, 2005. - 366 pp.: ill.
2. Gzovsky B.M. Organization of physical education of students / B.M. Gzovsky, N.A. Nelga. - M .: Higher School, 1978 - 96s.
3. Physical culture: textbook for students Wednesdays. prof. textbook establishments/ [N.V. Reshetnikov, Yu.L. Kislitsyn, R.L. Paltievich].- M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2008.- 176p.
4. Theory and Methods of Physical Culture: Textbook / Ed. Yu.F. Kuramshina. - 2nd ed. - M.: Soviet sport, 2004. - 464 p.

1. Nasyrov Dilovar Rakhmatovich. Effective Fighting Techniques in Muay Thai
The article discusses the key techniques and techniques used in Thai boxing (Muay Thai), as well as gives specific recommendations for fighting when using this type of martial arts.

2. Ryazantsev Alexey Alekseevich. Prevention of psycho-emotional burnout among medical students There is a review. Article published in No. 72 (August) 2019
Specialists in a number of professions experience the so-called "psycho-emotional burnout" in their work, which is characterized by exhaustion of the body at the mental level and the inability of a person to cope with emotional stress at work. In human-to-human professions, negative signs of professional deformation of the personality often appear, but doctors (doctors, nurses) are most often affected by this. High-quality performance of their professional duties in such situations is almost impossible. Symptoms of psycho-emotional burnout can also manifest themselves in medical students in the process of studying at a university. The increase in this burnout and the lack of preventive measures lead not only to the desire of the student to graduate, but also to suicidal thoughts. The publication considers the possibility of preventing psycho-emotional burnout of medical students by means and methods of physical culture in the learning process.

3. Yudin Alexander Viktorovich. Physical training of cadets during extracurricular activities There is a review.
Co-authors: Ponomarev Alexander Sergeevich, Academy of the Federal Security Service of the city of Orel, Kulakov Alexander Leonidovich, Academy of the Federal Security Service of the city of Orel
The article provides weighty arguments why it is necessary to conduct daily extracurricular physical exercises for cadets, how to choose the right exercises and an approximate plan for conducting independent studies for a week.

4. Kuimova Nadezhda Andreevna. Fundamentals of a healthy student lifestyle There is a review.
Co-authors: Usenko Alexandra Ivanovna, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Curator of the discipline "Physical Culture and Sports", "Elective disciplines in Physical Culture and Sports", Department of Service Technology and Business Communications, Academy of Marketing and Social Information Technologies (IMSIT)
This article deals with issues related to a healthy lifestyle of a student. As a rule, improperly organized educational and labor activity of students can affect the state of health. Based on this, we can conclude that the organization of a rational lifestyle of students is of great importance. A person who knows how to properly organize his daily routine from his student days will be able to maintain creative activity and cheerfulness in the future.

5. Baizhanova Sabina Renadovna. THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN STUDENT HEALTH PROMOTION
Co-authors: Petrov Aleksey Nikolaevich, Senior Lecturer in Physical Education, Bashkir State University
This article is devoted to determining the role of physical culture in the formation of students' health. The article also analyzes the influence of physical exercises on the human body and considers the need for physical education among students.

6. Manylova Angelina Sergeevna. DEVELOPMENT OF EXTREME SPORTS There is a review.
Co-authors: Petrov A.N., Senior Lecturer Bashkir State University
This article discusses a variety of extreme sports. Moments of the introduction of extreme sports in the program of the Olympic Games. The influence of extreme sports on human life and its further development. Aspects of the inclusion of extreme sports in the program and exclusion from it are analyzed both in the Olympic Games and the Winter Olympic Games

7. Peredelsky Dmitry Andreevich. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN PERSONALITY EDUCATION
Co-authors: Armyaninova Tatyana Viktorovna, Associate Professor of the Department of Physical Education, Bashkir State University
The article considers the functions of physical culture in the upbringing of a person. The role of physical culture in maintaining a healthy lifestyle, in opening up new opportunities for the realization of strength and talent is shown.

8. Pereverzeva Irina Alekseevna. Formation of a healthy lifestyle among student youth
Co-authors: Supervisor: Rogozhnikov Maxim Alekseevich, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Physical and Special Training, St. Petersburg Academy of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation
This article deals with the formation of a healthy lifestyle among students. A sociological survey on this topic is given, factors and reasons that prevent students from leading a healthy lifestyle are identified. The ways of solving the problem of forming a healthy lifestyle among young people are determined.

9. Falkova Natalya Ivanovna. MORAL-VOLITIONAL TRAINING OF STUDENTS OF THE DONBAS LEGAL ACADEMY IN THE PROCESS OF SPORTS AND PUBLIC ACTIVITIESArticle published in No. 69 (May) 2019
The article discusses aspects of organizing and managing sports events at the Donbass Law Academy, as well as tasks aimed at educating the moral and volitional qualities of students.

10. Paltseva Ekaterina Dmitrievna. The effect of hippotherapy on the human body There is a review.
Co-authors: Litvinov Roman Viktorovich, Lecturer of the Department of Physical Culture of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Higher Education of the Omsk State Agrarian University. P. A. Stolypin
The article is devoted to the problem of the influence of riding therapeutic riding on the human body. This scientific work discusses the concept of "hippotherapy" and the impact of this type of treatment on the body.

11. Gavrilova Nadezhda Alexandrovna. Disease prevention and health promotion through physical education and sports
Co-authors: Kuraleva Olga Olegovna, Associate Professor of the Department of Physical Education, Astrakhan State Technical University
The factors affecting human health are multifaceted and have both positive and negative effects. Physical culture and sports have always been the main components in improving human health and preventing various diseases. The article discusses various areas: from morning exercises to physiotherapy exercises, as indicators of improving the quality of life, the psychological and physical condition of a person.

12. Pankina Anastasia Maksimovna. Yoga therapy for the treatment of pathologies of the knee joint There is a review.
Co-authors: Saleev Eldar Rafaelevich, candidate of biological sciences, associate professor of the Sterlitamak branch of the Bashkir State University
The article discusses yoga therapy as an integral part of the treatment of knee joint pathologies. It also proves that there are a huge number of various methods of treatment and recovery, in addition to surgical intervention. This article discusses physiotherapy as an integral part of the treatment of pathologies of the knee joint.

13. Manzhova Albina Igorevna. The influence of therapeutic physical culture on the human body There is a review.
Co-authors: Delovoy Roman Vladimirovich, Senior Lecturer, Department of Physical Education, Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University
In our time, most often pay attention to proper nutrition and a healthy lifestyle. Therefore, doing physiotherapy exercises strengthens the human body and forms a healthy lifestyle. Many believe that mental labor is more important than physical labor, but if at least one type is abandoned, a person will no longer be able to fully exist. This can lead to a decrease in the immune system, deterioration of metabolism and the vascular-nervous system. To prevent diseases, you need to engage in physical education.

14. Martynenko Ekaterina Alexandrovna. Therapeutic exercise and swimming for scoliosis of the spine There is a review. Article published in No. 64 (December) 2018
Co-authors: Ilyina V.A. - 3rd year student of the pediatric faculty of the Orenburg State Medical University. Bizhanova I.M. - 3rd year student of the pediatric faculty of the Orenburg State Medical University. Saleev E.R. - Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor of the Siberian Branch of BashGU.
This article necessitates the use of physical activity as part of the treatment of scoliosis. She also proves that there is a huge variety of treatment and recovery methods, in addition to surgery or corsets. This article discusses physiotherapy exercises and swimming as an integral part of the treatment of scoliosis.

15. Hess Zoya Evgenievna. The influence of Jerusalem artichoke on the athlete's body
Co-authors: Supervisor: Roman Vladimirovich Delovoy, Senior Lecturer, Department of Physical Culture, Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University
In the modern world, more and more attention is paid to proper nutrition. Therefore, many plants not previously used in everyday life of people began to gain popularity. Among such topical plants, I singled out the Jerusalem artichoke plant. It has now taken a particularly important place in the world of sports, as it has excellent beneficial properties for replenishing the body with vitamins and minerals.

16. Kuznetsova Nikol Sergeevna. The relationship of physical and mental activity There is a review.
Co-authors: Sergeeva Anna Gennadievna, Senior Lecturer, Department of Physical Education, St. Petersburg University of Architecture and Civil Engineering
This article discusses the interaction of physical and mental activity. The need to develop both of these activities to prevent overwork and stress has been identified and justified.

17. Ishtuganova Albina Anasovna. HOW PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AFFECTS THE HUMAN BODY There is a review.
Co-authors: Krylov Vladimir Mikhailovich, candidate of pedagogical sciences, associate professor, Sterlitamak branch of the Bashkir State University
Physical exercise is a necessary component in self-improvement, as a means of maintaining health and performance. The impact of a complex of physical exercises on the body improves its physical condition, the activity of the cardiovascular system and the musculoskeletal system. The article analyzes the features of the influence of physical activity on the human body. The types of physical activity and what effects they have on the body are considered. The data on the positive impact of physical culture on the state of a person and data on the reasons for the passive attitude to physical culture are presented.

18. Khertek Baty Yurievich. Tuvan national wrestling "Khuresh" as a means of physical education
Co-authors: Korobeinikov Denis Yuryevich, teacher of the Department of Physical Culture and Sports of the Khakass State University, teacher-valeologist in the specialty "Physical Culture and Sports" with an additional specialty "Valeology"
The article considers the national wrestling "Khuresh" as an integral part of the Tuvan ethnos, as well as the use of the wrestling "Khuresh" as a means of physical education of the younger generation.

19. Tsygankova Tatyana Alexandrovna. The development trend of modern football in Spain
Co-authors: Saleev E.R. , Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Physical Education, Sterlitamak branch of the Bashkir State University, Kalimulina R.M. student, Sterlitamak branch of the Bashkir State University
The paper presents the development trend of modern football based on the analysis of the game of the Spanish national football team. Three championships in which the Spanish national team participated are analyzed. The features of the game of the Spanish national team are called.

20. Suyargulov Ainur Uralovich. Physical culture in the life of students There is a review. Article published in No. 56 (April) 2018
Co-authors: Krylov V. M., candidate of pedagogical sciences, associate professor
This article determines the need for physical education of students, which is manifested as a result of regular physical education. This article provides for the consideration of: the impact of physical culture on the health of students, as well as the importance of physical culture in the curriculum of higher educational institutions.

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Physical culture in the life of a student

Smagin Nikolay Ivanovich

Physical education teacher

"Honorary Worker of General Education of Russia"

GAPOU Technological College No. 28 city

Moscow

In the conditions of the changed economic, political and social situation, there remained social values, the significance of which is not in doubt: one of these values ​​is physical culture. The importance of physical culture in the process of personality formation is enormous - in this regard, the proverb is not outdated - "In a healthy body - a healthy mind." However, such barriers to the spread of physical culture have appeared, such as lack of funding, a sedentary lifestyle, poor coverage in the media. All this hinders the implementation of youth educational strategies in terms of physical perfection.

This problem is especially relevant for students of all colleges, since at this time, at this age, the foundations of a healthy lifestyle are formed and laid, and physical education is not always a priority. At the same time, the student workload is enormous, often detrimental to their overall physical and mental well-being, and this can have a particularly negative impact on the process of personality formation, which coincides with the period of college education. It is necessary to consider the concept of physical culture as a combination of the student's physical development, the state of his health and psyche, and the actual "physical culture" as a component of the cultural development of the individual.

The relevance of such a statement of the problem stems from the new course of social and, in particular, youth policy, where the main place is given to all areas of "society improvement". The current situation is such that young people often do not have a real opportunity to improve the level of physical culture.

There is a point of view, according to which, the lack of a proper level of development of sports and promotion of physical culture gives rise to an increasing spread of such “diseases of society” as nicotine addiction, alcoholism, including the so-called. "beer alcoholism", drug addiction - mainly among the youth. Opinions are also expressed about the direct dependence of the demographic, and hence the economic situation in the country on the level of physical culture of the population.

To study the influence of physical culture on the process of personality formation and the choice of professional activity, it is necessary to take into account both permanent and temporary conditions that set a person the task of improving his physical condition and health. The latter include consideration of the importance and role of physical culture from the standpoint of social and professional orientation, assessment of physical culture in professional activities. But, the assessment of physical culture throughout a person’s life is also important.

The importance of physical culture and sports for the health, development and general condition of a person is difficult to overestimate. From an early age, parents, teachers, the media - radio and television - inspire the child with the unique usefulness of physical activity and encourage children to actively engage in sports. At this age, sports are, as a rule, supervised by experienced coaches and specialists who monitor the correct and harmonious development of a growing organism. At school age, this role is mainly performed by physical education teachers at school.
By the age of 16, a person's self-consciousness is sufficiently formed. It is from this moment that the playful nature of playing sports turns into a serious and complete awareness of the individual of all the usefulness and joy that physical culture and sports bring him. A positive aspect is the fact that sport contributes to the development of communication skills, relieves complexes and liberates; physical activity, active movement have a very beneficial effect on success in mental work, which is by no means superfluous for students. Along with this comes the need for an independent assessment of their physical capabilities and, in accordance with this, realistically calculate their strength.
The subject of physical culture, which is taught in colleges, forms another layer in the general physical condition of a person, his health, physical fitness and physical perfection.
Physical education is, first of all, the prevention of various diseases and, first of all, hypertension and coronary heart disease. These diseases, often seen in technical specialists, require long-term treatment. But, alas, it does not always lead to recovery. Their prevention has a significant effect.
In the process of doing physical exercises, working capacity increases. This is evidenced by the increasing ability of a person to do a lot of work in a certain period of time. With an increase in working capacity in a state of muscle rest, the heart rate decreases. A person begins to work more, but at the same time gets less tired. Rest and, above all, sleep is used by the body completely.
The professional activity of our students involves physical work, which means that such a person must have a good physical shape and excellent health. And you can achieve all this by regularly doing sports and physical education.

The importance of a person's physical fitness, due at this stage of the development of society by the need for an efficient workforce, is becoming increasingly important. In addition, engaging in physical culture and sports gives a person not only a sense of physical perfection, but also gives him strength and forms his spirit. Raises the level of moral qualities of a person, which is so necessary for today's society. Physical culture takes on tremendous importance in the process of personality formation, when it affects him from different sides, it forms moral qualities, spirit, and affects the physical condition, stimulating a new approach to life and work, new achievements in life and work - this is the effect physical culture.

In order to consciously come to the conclusion and the significance of physical culture and sports, a person must understand its role in his life. And it is very good if he understands this not quite late, in order to

to start leading a healthy lifestyle.

Sport and physical culture is not only a healthy lifestyle - it is generally a normal and healthy life, which opens up more and more new opportunities for the realization of strengths and talents. This is the path that a sane person enters, so that the life he lives would be fruitful, bring joy to himself and those around him. The progressive rhythm of life requires more and more physical activity and preparedness. All the increasing loads that fall on our shoulders throughout life require a higher physical perfection, which should be achieved through physical education.

Conclusion.

Every sane person wants to live their life happily ever after. But you can’t buy health and you won’t receive it as a gift. And no Internet gift shop will help with this. Therefore, everything must be done to save it before it is too late. Usually, as a result of an improper lifestyle, a person develops nervous disorders, various diseases, problems at work and at home. But you just need to think: are we doing everything possible to maintain our health? After all, often trips to the doctor can be avoided if you build your lifestyle correctly.

Bibliography:

1. Amosov N.M. Thinking about health. - M.: FiS, 2007.

2. Ilyinich M.V. Physical culture of students. - M., 2002.

3. Markova V. Healthy lifestyle of students M., 1998