Stylistic stratification of Russian vocabulary (Stylistic coloring of words, Functional-stylistic consolidation of words, Emotional-expressive coloring of words). Stylistic coloring of the word. Tasks Stylistic coloring of the word friendly

Tsakhaeva Aishat 1st year YuI PO profile Law
Exercise 1:
Disease-illness, neutral style
Fight-fight, conversational style
Plod-plod, book style
Applaud, book style
Retribution-reckoning, book style
Doing nothing - idleness, conversational style
Warrior soldier, book style
Barge in, colloquial style
Kind-hearted, kind soul, conversational style
Expel-expel, book style
Encroach-encroach, book style
Lazy slacker, conversational style
Persistent-persistent, neutral style
Uneducated-illiterate, neutral style
Local, conversational style
Stronghold-support, book style
Lanita-cheeks, neutral style
Dressing room-wardrobe, conversational style
Big strong man, conversational style
Well done, conversational style
Phalanx cohort, book style
White-handed mouthy, conversational style
Destiny-indication, neutral style
Nonsense, nonsense, conversational style
Reading room, conversational style
Architect-architect, book style
Soda lemonade, conversational style
Radiant-rainbow, neutral style
Herald-herald, book style
Smack-kiss, conversational style
Be afraid, be afraid, neutral style
Triumph-prevail, book style
Careless-casual, conversational style
Proclaim-announce, neutral style
Fight and resist, conversational style
Path-road, book style
Task 2:
"Dictionary of the Russian language" S.I. Ozhegova - identifies the following marks indicating the stylistic characteristics of words: bookish, high, official, colloquial, simple, regional, contemptuous, disapproving, disdainful, jocular, ironic, abusive.

"Dictionary of the Russian Language" of the USSR Academy of Sciences, ed. A.M. Evgenieva - classifies as stylistic: 1. Marks indicating that a word belongs to various layers of the vocabulary of the Russian language (regional, simple, rough, simple); 2. Marks indicating the stylistic limitations of the use of words in the literary language (colloquial, book, official and official business, high, traditional poet, folk poet); 3. Marks indicating the special area of application of the word (astro., bakt., buhg., geol., zool., etc.); 4. Marks indicating the emotional connotation of the word (abusive, ironic, joking, disdainful, disrespectful, disapproving, respectful); 5. The litter is outdated. to words falling out of use in modern Russian.

"Dictionary of the Russian Literary Language" of the USSR Academy of Sciences in 17 volumes - accompanies the words with the following stylistic marks: colloquial, vernacular, regional, obsolete, folk poetic, humorous, ironic, abusive, obsolete. everyday life
"Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language" ed. D.N. Ushakova - proposes the following system of marks: 1. Marks indicating varieties of oral speech (colloquial, spacious, familiar, children's, vulg, argot, school, regional); 2. Marks indicating types of written language (book, scientific, technical, special, newspaper, public, stationery, official, poet, folk poet); 3. Notes that establish a historical perspective in the words of the modern language (new, church - book, ancient, outdated); 4. Notes to words denoting objects and concepts of alien life (historical, pre-revolutionary, foreign); 5. Stylistic marks indicating expressive shades (expression) of words (abusive, ironic, disapproving, joking, contemptuous, disdainful, reproachful, triumphant, rhetorical, euphemist).
Task 3
Book phraseological units:
Procrustean bed
Give up the ghost
Byword
Rest on your laurels
Cornucopia

Conversational phraseological units
Rising star
Piano in the bushes
The nose has not grown
Zero without a stick
Can't hear by hearing
Cheat
Set the heat
Cover your tracks
Twist your nose
Put a bullet in the forehead
Smoke rocker
God forbid

The word “style” goes back to the Greek noun “stylo” - this was the name of the stick that was used to write on a board covered with wax. Over time, style began to be called handwriting, writing style, and a set of techniques for using linguistic means. Functional language styles received this name because they perform the most important functions, being a means of communication, conveying certain information and influencing the listener or reader.

Functional styles are understood as historically established and socially conscious systems of speech means used in one or another sphere of communication and correlated with one or another area of professional activity.

In the modern Russian literary language, bookish functional styles are distinguished: scientific, journalistic, official business, which appear mainly in written form of speech, and colloquial, which is characterized mainly by oral form of speech.

Some scientists also identify artistic (fictional) style, that is, the language of fiction, as a functional style. However, this point of view raises fair objections. Writers in their works use all the diversity of linguistic means, so that artistic speech does not represent a system of homogeneous linguistic phenomena. On the contrary, artistic speech is devoid of any stylistic closure; its specificity depends on the characteristics of the individual author’s styles. V.V. Vinogradov wrote: “The concept of style when applied to the language of fiction is filled with a different content than, for example, in relation to business or clerical styles and even journalistic and scientific styles. The language of national fiction is not entirely correlated with other styles, types or varieties of bookish, literary and colloquial speech. He uses them, includes them, but in original combinations and in a functionally transformed form” 1.

Each functional style is a complex system that covers all language levels: pronunciation of words, lexical and phraseological composition of speech, morphological means and syntactic structures. All these linguistic features of functional styles will be described in detail when characterizing each of them. Now we will focus only on the most visual means of distinguishing between functional styles - their vocabulary.

Stylistic coloring of words

The stylistic coloring of a word depends on how it is perceived by us: as assigned to a particular style or as appropriate in any speech situation, that is, in common use.

We feel the connection between words and terms with the language of science (for example: quantum theory, experiment, monoculture); highlight journalistic vocabulary (worldwide, law and order, congress, commemorate, proclaim, election campaign); We recognize words in official business style by the clerical coloring (victim, accommodation, prohibited, prescribe).

Bookish words are inappropriate in casual conversation: "On green spaces the first leaves appeared"; "We were walking in the forest array and sunbathed by the pond." Faced with such a mixture of styles, we hasten to replace foreign words with their commonly used synonyms (not green spaces, A trees, bushes; Not Forest, A forest; Not water, A lake).

Colloquial, and even more so colloquial, that is, words that are outside the literary norm, cannot be used in a conversation with a person with whom we have official relations, or in an official setting.

The use of stylistically colored words must be motivated. Depending on the content of the speech, its style, on the environment in which the word is born, and even on how the speakers relate to each other (with sympathy or hostility), they use different words.

High vocabulary is necessary when talking about something important and significant. This vocabulary is used in the speeches of speakers, in poetic speech, where a solemn, pathetic tone is justified. But if, for example, you are thirsty, it would not occur to you to turn to a friend with a tirade on such a trivial matter: “ ABOUT my unforgettable comrade and friend! Quench my thirst with life-giving moisture!»

If words with one stylistic connotation or another are used ineptly, they give the speech a comical sound.

Even in ancient manuals on eloquence, for example in Aristotle's Rhetoric, much attention was paid to style. According to Aristotle, it “must be appropriate to the subject of speech”; important things should be spoken seriously, choosing expressions that will give the speech a sublime sound. Trifles are not spoken about solemnly; in this case, humorous, contemptuous words are used, that is, reduced vocabulary. M.V. Lomonosov also pointed out the opposition of “high” and “low” words in the theory of “three calms”. Modern explanatory dictionaries give stylistic marks to words, noting their solemn, sublime sound, as well as highlighting words that are degraded, contemptuous, derogatory, dismissive, vulgar, abusive.

Of course, when talking, we cannot look into the dictionary every time, clarifying the stylistic markings for this or that word, but we feel which word needs to be used in a certain situation. The choice of stylistically colored vocabulary depends on our attitude to what we are talking about. Let's give a simple example.

The two were arguing:

I can't take seriously what this guy says blond youth,- said one.

And in vain,” the other objected, “the arguments for this blond boy very convincing.

These contradictory remarks express different attitudes towards the young blond: one of the debaters chose offensive words for him, emphasizing his disdain; the other, on the contrary, tried to find words that expressed sympathy. The synonymous riches of the Russian language provide ample opportunities for the stylistic choice of evaluative vocabulary. Some words contain a positive assessment, others - a negative one.

Emotionally and expressively colored words are distinguished as part of the evaluative vocabulary. Words that convey the speaker’s attitude to their meaning belong to emotional vocabulary (emotional means based on feeling, caused by emotions). Emotional vocabulary expresses various feelings.

There are many words in the Russian language that have a strong emotional connotation. This is easy to verify by comparing words with similar meanings: blond, fair-haired, whitish, little white, white-haired, lily-haired; handsome, charming, charming, delightful, cute; eloquent, talkative; proclaim, blurt out, blurt out etc. By comparing them, we try to choose the most expressive ones, which can convey our thoughts stronger and more convincingly. For example, you could say I do not like, but you can find stronger words: I hate, I despise, I disgust. In these cases, the lexical meaning of the word is complicated by special expression.

Expression means expressiveness (from lat. expressio - expression). Expressive vocabulary includes words that enhance the expressiveness of speech. Often one neutral word has several expressive synonyms that differ in the degree of emotional stress: misfortune, grief, calamity, catastrophe; violent, uncontrollable, indomitable, furious, furious. Often synonyms with directly opposite connotations gravitate towards the same neutral word: ask- beg, beg; cry- sob, roar.

Expressively colored words can acquire a variety of stylistic shades, as indicated by the marks in dictionaries: solemn (unforgettable, accomplishments), high (forerunner), rhetorical (sacred, aspirations), poetic (azure, invisible). All these words differ sharply from the reduced ones, which are marked with marks: humorous (blessed, newly minted), ironic (deign, vaunted one), familiar (good-natured, whisper) disapproving (pedant), dismissive (daub), contemptuous (sycophant) derogatory (squishy), vulgar (grabber), expletive (fool).

Evaluative vocabulary requires careful attention. Inappropriate use of emotionally and expressively charged words can give speech a comical sound. This often happens in student essays. For example: “Nozdryov was an inveterate bully.” “All Gogol’s landowners are fools, parasites, slackers and dystrophics.”

Introduction

Modern Russian is one of the richest languages in the world.

The high advantages of the Russian language are created by its huge vocabulary, wide ambiguity of words, wealth of synonyms, inexhaustible treasury of word formation, numerous word forms, peculiarities of sounds, mobility of stress, clear and harmonious syntax, and variety of stylistic resources.

The Russian language is a broad, comprehensive concept. Laws and scientific works, novels and poems, newspaper articles and court records are written in this language. Our language has inexhaustible possibilities for expressing a wide variety of thoughts, developing a variety of topics, and creating works of any genre. However, language resources must be used skillfully, taking into account the speech situation, the goals and content of the utterance, and its targeting.

When thinking about the richness of the Russian language, one should not lose sight of stylistics. Its skillful use opens up wide possibilities for enhancing the emotionality and brightness of speech.

1. What is stylistics

There are ancient sciences, the age of which is measured not even in centuries, but in millennia. Medicine, astronomy, geometry. They have a wealth of experience, research methods developed over centuries, traditions that are often continued in our time.

There are also young sciences - cybernetics, ecology, astrobotany. They were born in the 20th century. This is the brainchild of rapid scientific and technological progress.

But there are also sciences without age, or more precisely, with a difficult to determine age. This is the style. Stylistics is very young, as it became a science and was formed as an independent branch of knowledge only at the beginning of the twentieth century, although people have been interested for a very long time not only in what he says, but also in how he says it. And this is what stylistics does. Stylistics comes from the word style (stylus) - this is what the ancients called a pointed stick, a rod for writing on wax tablets.

In this meaning (pen, writing instrument) in the Russian language the now outdated cognate word stylo was used.

But the history of the term stylistics does not end there. The word style then acquired the meaning of handwriting, and later expanded even more and began to mean manner, method, features of speech.

Any developed language, be it Russian or Chinese, Spanish or Mongolian, English, French or German, is extremely beautiful and rich. Many people know the inspired lines of M. Lomonosov about the Russian language: “Charles the Fifth, the Roman Emperor, used to say that it is decent to speak Spanish with God, French with friends, German with enemies, Italian with the female sex. But if he were skilled in the Russian language, then, of course, he would have added that it is decent for them to speak with all of them. For I would find in it the splendor of Spanish, the liveliness of French, the strength of German, the tenderness of Italian, and, moreover, the richness and strong depiction of the brevity of the Greek and Latin languages.”

Each language is beautiful in its own way. But the native language is especially dear.

What is the wealth, beauty, strength, expressiveness of language?

The artist conveys the beauty of the material and spiritual world through paints, lines of color; musician, composer express the harmony of the world in sounds, sculptor uses stone, clay, plaster. Words and language have access to color, sounds, volumes, and psychological depth. Its possibilities are endless. A. Akhmatova wrote:

Gold rusts and steel decays,

Marble is crumbling. Everything is ready for death.

The most lasting thing on earth is sadness

And more durable is the royal word.

With what respect the poet speaks about the word - royal! It is more durable than gold, marble, steel. Everything passes. The Word remains.

How does this happen? How does a word become royal? How are the magical lines “I remember a wonderful moment...” born from the most ordinary words, consisting of sounds or letters?

Stylistics tries to answer this question. He strives to solve this riddle, to explain the miracle of transforming words into poetry and harmony. One possible explanation is the existence of particularly expressive words and expressions that make up the richness of the language. These are the words that stylistics is interested in.

How can a text attract us? First of all, of course, the brightness and richness of colors, that is, figurative expressions.

Here are two suggestions:

1. Below was Kazbek, covered with never-melting snow.

2. Under him, Kazbek, like the face of a diamond, shone with eternal snow. (M. Lermontov).

Both sentences contain the same idea, but the difference between them is enormous. If in the first phrase we are given information, information, then in the second we see a picturesque picture painted with words.

Just a few words - and before us is an amazing picture. This is the beauty of poetry and fiction in general - to paint with words. And there are words, figures of speech, special techniques, as if intended for depiction in words.

stylistics vocabulary language

2. Stylistic coloring of linguistic units

For stylistics studying the language of fiction, it is very important to see the possibilities contained in the language, in the word, to distinguish the subtlest shades of the meaning of a particular expression.

All educated people can write and speak correctly as taught by grammar. However, this is not enough for the art of words. Artistic speech must not only be correct, but also expressive, figurative, and accurate.

There are many amazing words in the Russian language that stop your attention. At first glance, there is nothing unusual - the word is just a word. But you need to listen to its sound, and then the miracle contained in this word will be revealed.

Everyone is familiar, for example, with the word sunflowers, or sunflowers. Indeed, the most common word. But let's listen to its sounds: under the sunflower - under the sun. It means growing under the sun. The sounds not only name the plant, but also draw it. You hear a sunflower, and immediately these beautiful, slender plants appear before your eyes, bearing round golden shaggy hats on tall stems. And these same hats are always turned towards the sun, absorbing its rays, energy, and strength. Sunflower - reaching towards the sun. Not a word, but a picture. In its name, people highlighted the most important feature of the plant.

In order to discover the beauty of the sound of a word, you must be able to listen, you must love language.

The wonderful Russian writer K. Paustovsky was a subtle connoisseur and observer of the beauty of the folk word. In his book “Golden Rose”, which talks about how a writer works, there is a chapter dedicated to the writer’s work on the word, it is called “Diamond Language”. It is preceded by an epigraph from N. Gogol: “You marvel at the preciousness of our language: every sound is a gift; everything is grainy, large, like the pearl itself, and, truly, another name is even more precious than the thing itself.” And further K. Paustovsky writes: “Many Russian words themselves radiate poetry, just as precious stones radiate a mysterious shine.<…>

It is relatively easy to explain the origin of the “poetic radiation” of many of our words. Obviously, a word seems poetic to us when it conveys a concept that is filled with poetic content for us.

But the effect of the word itself (and not the concept that it expresses) on our imagination, at least, for example, such a simple word as lightning, is much more difficult to explain. The very sound of this word seems to convey the slow night brilliance of distant lightning.

Of course, this feeling of words is very subjective. You cannot insist on it and make it a general rule. This is how I perceive and hear this word. But I am far from the idea of imposing this perception on others.< …>

These simple words revealed to me the deepest roots of our language.

The entire centuries-old experience of the people, the entire poetic side of their character was contained in these words.”

So, many Russian words radiate poetry. In the dry and precise language of science, stylistics, this means that they have a stylistic coloring, that is, they not only name, but also evaluate the named object, express the emotions (feelings) associated with it, expression (strengthen the meaning), evaluation - approval (cute ), disapproval (chattering, slob), affection, familiarity (trouble, showing off), condemnation, joke, etc. In explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language, such words are accompanied by stylistic marks, that is, a characteristic of the evaluation or feeling expressed by the word: humorous, ironic, familiar, contemptuous, disapproving, abusive, etc.

These are stylistically colored words, that is, words that have a stylistic coloring - an emotional, expressive meaning, which, as it were, is added to the main meaning that names, defines the object. In the meaning of a word, in addition to the subject information and the conceptual and logical component, connotations are distinguished - additional meanings, i.e. by definition O.S. Akhmanova in the “Dictionary of Linguistic Terms”, “accompanying semantic or stylistic shades... to express various kinds of expressive-emotional-evaluative overtones.”

For example, a brother is a son in relation to other children of the same parents. Brother is the same as brother plus the affection and diminutive expressed by this word (about a child). This tenderness that sounds in a word is connotation, or stylistic coloring. It seems to be superimposed on the main meaning, added to it.

So, the stylistic connotation of a linguistic unit is those additional expressive or functional properties (components of meaning) in addition to the expression of subject-logical and grammatical meanings, which limit the possibilities of using this unit to certain spheres and conditions of communication and thereby carry stylistic information.

The stylistic norm is associated with expressive phenomena in the language system, which are usually called expressive. Expression in a broad sense is the expressive and figurative qualities of speech that distinguish it from ordinary (or stylistically neutral) speech and give it imagery and stylistic coloring. Expressiveness is those semantic features of a word, grammatical form or sentence that allow them to be used as a means of expressing not only the subject content (for example, a table is a piece of furniture in the form of a wide horizontal plate on supports, change - make it different, nasty - very unpleasant), but also the speaker’s relationship either to what is being said or to the situation. For example, when using the words communal or electric train, we mean ease of communication and an informal interlocutor, and by writing the words residence, the above, we mean a purely official situation related to the administrative and clerical sphere of life; in book and literary speech the forms inspectors, instructors are used, and in casual conversational speech - inspectors, instructors; the use of the word bastard means not only that it means mean, dishonest, dishonest, but also that the speaker evaluates this person sharply negatively.

Expressiveness differs from emotionality and evaluativeness, since expressiveness is a broader concept than emotionality. After all, expressiveness can be associated not only with feelings, but also with a clear awareness of the sphere of use of the word: for example, the words vote, land use, memorandum, citizenship are expressive, since they are clearly recognized as related to the sphere of purely official communication. Evaluation can be expressive, as, for example, in the word bastard, but is not necessarily associated with expression: good, bad, interesting, kind - words are evaluative, but not at all expressive.

Expressive, neutral components of the meaning of a linguistic unit can be called its stylistic meaning (stylistic coloring).

There are two main types of stylistic coloring. The first is functional, which is also called functional-stylistic, or social-functional. The second is emotional and evaluative.

3. Functionally and stylistically colored vocabulary

Functionally-stylistically colored vocabulary includes, first of all, words that are most or exclusively used in a particular speech area corresponding to one of the functional styles. The tradition of use, attachment to a specific situation and the purpose of communication lead to the appearance of these words with a functional and stylistic coloring. From a functional-stylistic point of view, such types of stylistic coloring as bookish and colloquial can be distinguished, which stand out against the background of neutral, stylistically uncolored units.

In each type of speech, words characteristic of it are used, which have a corresponding stylistic coloring. And only neutral words are used everywhere, in all its varieties, since they have zero stylistic coloring. And they form the basis, the background of any speech. If we take neutral words as a starting point, then bookish words will be higher than neutral ones, since they elevate the style of presentation, give it a bookish and even high coloring, and colloquial (and colloquial) words will be lower than neutral ones - they lower the style, give the speech a lower and often rough color:

(high color)

Neutral words

(zero coloring)

Conversational

(reduced color)

For example, girl is a word that can be used in any speech, it is neutral; maiden - bookish, high, characteristic of book contexts, and maiden has a clearly reduced coloring - colloquial and even colloquial.

Book words, in contrast to neutral and colloquial ones, have a stylistic connotation that elevates the style of presentation. These are words that are used exclusively in the written and book sphere; introducing them into colloquial speech gives it a touch of bookishness. In the book vocabulary there is a layer of words with the coloring “bookish” and layers of words with a double coloring: “bookish and official business”, “bookish and scientific”, “bookish and journalistic”, “bookish and poetic”. At the same time, book vocabulary can have various types of expressive and emotional coloring. Book words are associated with the sphere of intellectual communication (dissent, immanent, nihilism, level). A significant part of them are borrowed words (sarcasm, phenomenon, extreme, dominant, skepticism), as well as words of Church Slavonic origin (reverent, beneficence, reward, exalt, power-lover, overthrow, clergyman).

Examples of book vocabulary: analogy, anomalous, antipode, apologist, apotheosis, aspect, association, vandalism, vassal, variation, persecution, statehood, disorientation, declarative, unanimity, for, isolation, impulse, etc. In part, this category of words is close to general scientific vocabulary, and partly - commonly used.

Colloquial vocabulary is words that, being literary, give speech a colloquial character. These are words used by people who speak a literary language in a relaxed atmosphere, in the sphere of informal communication. Being introduced into book and written speech, they violate the unity of style. Examples: gasp, joke, balam, chase, to smithereens, fidgety, grunt, waddle, cry, dress up, inventor, reveler, flu, cheap, malicious, greedy, hitch, sucker, mischief, snapped up, tender, slap, get sick, push through, get sick, cartoon, calm down, physiognomy, etc.

The difference in stylistic coloring between book and colloquial vocabulary is more noticeable when comparing synonyms (where they exist) against the background of neutral vocabulary.

The vocabulary of conversational style coloring (at the same time characteristic of the predominantly oral form of the everyday sphere of communication) is correlated with the colloquial everyday functional style and has its coloring.

Book words are inappropriate in a casual conversation: “The first leaves appeared on the green spaces,” “We walked in the forest and sunbathed by the pond.” Faced with such a mixture of styles, we hasten to replace foreign words with their commonly used synonyms (not green spaces, but trees, bushes; not a forest, but a forest; not a reservoir, but a lake).

High vocabulary is necessary when talking about something important and significant. This vocabulary is used in the speeches of speakers, in poetic speech, where a solemn, pathetic tone is justified. But if, for example, you are thirsty, it would not occur to you to turn to your friend with a tirade on such an occasion: “Oh, my unforgettable comrade-in-arms and friend! Quench my thirst with life-giving moisture!”

If words with one stylistic connotation or another are used ineptly, they give the speech a comical sound.

4. Emotional-evaluative vocabulary

Emotional-evaluative words include words in the meaning of which one can distinguish a component associated with the expression of a feeling, attitude towards the listener (reader), assessment of the subject of speech, or the communication situation. From this point of view, such points of variety of stylistic coloring are distinguished as affectionate (granny, honey), approving (pretty guy, brainy), and disapproving (hakhanki, cackle, hole - in the meaning of “dead place”), dismissive (trinket, buffoon, fruit - about a person), contemptuous (grabber, hamye), ironic (home-grown), abusive (boob, bastard, grimza). Most often, colloquial words have an emotional and evaluative connotation, although this is not necessary: the words intriguer and ambition are neutral from a functional and stylistic point of view, but have a disapproving connotation.

Not only words and phraseological units can be stylistically colored (zero without a stick - colloquial, rest in the bose - bookish), but also word-forming elements, morphological forms, syntactic constructions. A developed literary language includes a whole system of correlated means of expression with similar meanings, but different stylistic colors, i.e. stylistic synonyms. For example, the plural endings are synonymous - the more colloquial -а(я) and the neutral bookish -ы(и) in the words heap - heaps, sweaters - sweaters, stamps - stamps, stacks - stacks. But stylistic synonymy is most clearly reflected in the vocabulary. So, often there are not one, but two words denoting one or almost the same concept, for example: localize - limit, preventive - precautionary, indifferent - indifferent, utilitarian - practical, incident - case, loose - loose, glorify - glorify . Stylistic synonyms may differ somewhat in meaning, since in a language, as a rule, there are no absolute synonyms, but their main difference is in stylistic coloring.

There are many words in the Russian language that have a strong emotional connotation. This is easy to verify by comparing words that are similar in meaning: blond, blond, whitish, white, white, lily; cute, charming, delightful, cute; eloquent, talkative; proclaim, blurt out, blurt out, etc. By comparing them, we try to choose the most expressive ones, which can convey our thoughts stronger and more convincingly. For example, you can say I don’t like, but you can also find stronger words: I hate, I despise, I disgust. In these cases, the lexical meaning of the word is complicated by special expression.

Expression means expressiveness (from the Latin expressio - expression). Expressive vocabulary includes words that enhance the expressiveness of speech. Often one neutral word has several expressive synonyms that differ in the degree of emotional stress: misfortune, grief, disaster, catastrophe; violent, uncontrollable, indomitable, furious, furious. Often synonyms with directly opposite connotations gravitate towards the same neutral word: ask - beg, beg; cry - sob, roar.

Expressively colored words can acquire a variety of stylistic shades, as indicated by marks in dictionaries: solemn (unforgettable, accomplishments), lofty (forerunner), rhetorical (sacred, aspirations), poetic (azure, invisible). All these words are sharply distinguished from the reduced ones, which are marked with marks: playful (blessed, newly minted), ironic (deign, vaunted), familiar (not bad, whisper), disapproving (pedant), dismissive (paint), contemptuous (sycophant), humiliating ( wimp), vulgar (grabber), abusive (fool).

Evaluative vocabulary requires careful attention. Inappropriate use of emotionally and expressively charged words can give speech a comical sound.

Conclusion

So, the words of the Russian language contain not only a huge amount of knowledge, but also a lot of colors, shades - emotional, expressive, functional, which scientists define under the name-term “stylistic coloring”.

The different stylistic colors of linguistic units make it possible to best express the content of speech, to show how the interlocutors assess the situation and the purpose of communication, and how they relate to each other. The very use of words, grammatical forms and syntactic structures of a certain color in speech can demonstrate that the interlocutor has chosen a certain social role.

The stylistic coloring of a word must certainly be taken into account, since the same word can appear differently in different speech situations. Stylistic coloring, speech situation, individual characteristics of the speaker and the recipient create the specificity of the meaning of the word.

The diversity and abundance of stylistic colors gives grounds for poets and writers to say that words emit poetry, have color, and smell. This is the true richness of the language. And perfect knowledge of it presupposes a developed sense of language, the ability to capture and feel these shades.

Literature

1. Golub I.B. Russian language and culture of speech: Textbook M.: Logos, 2002. - 432 p.

2. Dunev A.I., Dysharsky M.Ya., Kozhevnikov A.Yu. and etc.; Ed. Chernyak V.D. Russian language and culture of speech. Textbook for universities. M.: Higher school; S. - PB.: Publishing house of the Russian State University for the Humanities named after. Herzen A.I., 2002. - 509 p.

3. Solganik G.Ya. Stylistics of the Russian language. 10-11 grades: Textbook for general education institutions. M.: Bustard, 2001. - 304 p.

4. Kozhina M.N. Stylistics of the Russian language: A textbook for students of pedagogy. institutions. M.: Education, 1993. - 224 p.

vbordo.ru

Stylistic stratification of Russian vocabulary (Stylistic coloring of words, Functional-stylistic consolidation of words, Emotional-expressive coloring of words). Stylistic coloring of the word. Tasks Stylistic coloring of the word friendly

Stylistic coloring of words

Similar documents

See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what STYLISTIC COLORING is in the Russian language in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:

We recommend reading

Why do you dream about green snot?

Basics of organizing the 1C accounting subsystem plan for types of characteristics get value

Stewed cabbage with rice in a slow cooker Cabbage rice meat in a slow cooker recipes

How to cook Italian pasta at home

Sneezing: why do you dream Why don’t you sneeze in a dream

The black cat is sick. Why do you dream about kittens? Dream interpretation of kittens in a dream. Dream book of Michel Nostradamus - why kittens dream

Modern problems of science and education

Causes, symptoms, treatment, how to recognize and what to do

Falling on your back or side during pregnancy

Presentation on the topic "Youth subcultures"

Presentation on the topic "Conductors in an electric field"

Cooking recipes and photo recipes Crazy pie step by step recipe

Description of calorie content of different types of cheese

Ex-governor Nikita Bely received eight years in prison

Stylistic coloring of words

Similar documents

See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what STYLISTIC COLORING is in the Russian language in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:

We recommend reading

Related Posts