Vasodilating tablets for vasoconstriction. Review of vasodilators: arterial, venous and others. Vascular preparations for the brain of a new generation

Vasodilation is the process of relaxation of the muscle layer of the vascular wall. A drug that has a similar mechanism of action and is used in the treatment of heart failure and hypertension is called the appropriate term - a vasodilator. What is it and what means belong to vasodilators, we will consider further.

General information

The decrease in cardiac output that develops in heart failure activates the adrenergic nervous and renin-angiotensin systems, resulting in the release of angiotensin II and norepinephrine. Active substances bind to receptors, which leads to vasoconstriction.

The first stage of heart failure requires a similar mechanism, since it allows you to maintain the desired level of blood pressure. However, prolonged narrowing of the veins leads to the development of congestive processes in the lungs and a decrease in cardiac output.

Vasodilators - drugs (a list of names can be found in the specialized medical and pharmacological literature, in addition, below we list the most popular means of this group) used to dilate blood vessels. The result is the development of hypotensive action. Another important indication for the appointment of this kind of medication is a heart cough. How can vasodilators help with this condition? Drugs for cardiac cough are used to expand the coronary vessels.

Classification of drugs

Depending on which parts of the vascular bed the active substances affect, there are three groups of vasodilators:

Arterial:
- "Hydralazine";
- calcium antagonists.
Venous:

nitrates;
sydnonimines.

mixed type:

ACE inhibitors;
alpha1-blockers;
sodium nitroprusside.

Venous vasodilators

Venous vasodilator - a drug that causes a decrease in the tone of the venous vascular wall. Venules respond to lower concentrations of active substances than arteries. In such cases, nitrates are used, which help to relax large veins, increase the volume of the bloodstream, reduce the load on the heart, and reduce the need for oxygen in the myocardium.

Name of venous vasodilator	Route of administration	Duration of action	Reception scheme
"Nitroglycerine"	Sublingual (under the tongue). Buccal. Patch.	From 30 minutes to 1 day depending on the form of administration	Sublingual - as needed. Other forms - up to 3 times a day. Plaster - 1 time per day.
"Isosorbide Mononitrate"		From 10 to 24 hours depending on the form of administration	1-2 times a day
"Pentaerythrityl tetranitrate"	inside	Until 10 o'clock	3 times a day
"Isosorbide dinitrate"	Sublingual. Aerosol (inside or skin). Intravenous drip.	From 1 to 6 hours depending on the form of administration	Sublingual and oral aerosol - as needed. Other forms - 1-4 times a day.
"Molsidomine"	inside	Up to 6 hours	2-3 times a day

Venous vasodilators are drugs (names, doses are described in the table), which are considered the safest of all antianginal drugs. Side effects are rare and short-lived.

Arterial vasodilators

An arterial vasodilator is a drug whose active substance helps to relax the muscle tissue of the arterial wall.

For example, Hydralazine is a drug that increases the heart rate, increases blood flow in the kidneys and brain, which occurs as a reflex response to the removal of vascular spasm. It is used in various forms of hypertension, hypertensive crisis in combination with other drugs.

Side effects of Hydralazine:

cephalgia;
redness of the face;
the appearance of edema;
worsening symptoms of angina pectoris;
a condition similar to systemic lupus erythematosus.

"Diazoxide" is a vasodilator that is used exclusively for the relief of a hypertensive crisis. Introduced intravenously, lowers blood pressure after 2-3 minutes. In addition, the remedy causes a strong relaxation of the uterus and water retention in the body.

Calcium antagonists - a group of arterial vasodilators, including the following agents:

"Nifedipine" - eliminates spasm of the coronary vessels, reduces blood pressure, reduces the work of the heart muscle.
"Verapamil" - reduces myocardial contractility, restores heart rate and blood pressure.

Mixed drugs

A mixed vasodilator is a drug whose active substance relieves spasm of arteries and veins. One of the most effective is sodium nitroprusside. By the mechanism of action, it is similar to nitrates. Intravenous administration of the drug causes a quick and strong effect, but it is short-lived.

A vasodilator is used in case of acute and chronic heart failure, hypertensive state against the background of myocardial infarction, encephalopathy against the background of hypertensive manifestations. The introduction can cause dizziness, headache, loss of consciousness, nausea, tachycardia.

ACE inhibitors are a group of drugs that block the formation of angiotensin-converting enzyme, as a result of which angiotensin II is not produced. In parallel, there is an increase in the effect of diuretic drugs. The classification of ACE inhibitors is based on their chemical structure:

Containing a sulfhydryl group:
- "Captopril".
- "Zefenopril"
- "Benazepril".
Containing a carboxyl group:
- "Lisinopril".
- Enalapril.
- "Spirapril".
Containing a phosphinyl group:
- Fosinopril.

The drugs have advantages in asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction, carotid atherosclerosis, microalbuminuria, atrial fibrillation, history of myocardial infarction, nephropathy not associated with diabetes.

Pediatric vasodilators

Vasodilators-drugs for children are used exclusively for severe pathologies. As a rule, myotropic agents ("Dibazol", "Papaverine") and ganglionic blockers ("Benzohexonium") are used.

Children receive vasodilators for neurological treatment. The funds are aimed at improving cerebral circulation, are used in conditions of "white" hyperthermia and hydrocephalus.

Any of the medicines is selected individually, it depends on the patient's condition, the severity of the disorders, the form and course of the disease. Self-medication is strictly not recommended.

In this article, you will learn about medications such as vasodilators. This large and versatile pharmacological group can be used to treat many diseases of the heart and blood vessels.

Vasodilators (or vasodilators) are an extremely diverse group of drugs. They can be taken in the form of tablets or solutions for injection, and their main goal is to expand the vascular lumen and improve blood circulation in a particular organ or area of the body. These drugs have different mechanisms, type and localization of action.

Each vasodilator is able to affect different types or areas of blood vessels. There are agents that have an effect on small, medium or large vessels localized in a particular organ or tissue. For example, there are substances that affect specifically the coronary vessels, or drugs that cause the expansion of only large and great vessels. This means that there is no universal vasodilator, and the choice of such a drug should be based on a clinical case and be carried out only by a doctor.

Classifications and types

Since vasodilators include an extremely wide range of drugs, several classifications are used.

According to the mechanism of pharmacological action, vasodilators are divided into several groups, depending on which enzymes, peptides, receptors or sections of the vessel walls they affect. However, such a classification is difficult to understand for people who are not physicians and cannot determine which organ or system will be affected by this or that drug. Such a division into groups is understandable only to doctors. It is they who can choose a vasodilator, taking into account not only the indications for its use, but also other individual indicators of the health status of each patient (comorbidities, the severity of a particular symptom, age, pregnancy, etc.).

Given the insufficient information content of such a classification for patients, we will not consider it in detail within the framework of this article. After all, even with the same disease, patients can be prescribed drugs from different groups.

In addition, vasodilators are divided according to ATC (anatomical-therapeutic-chemical) action. This classification is the most universal and understandable for patients, since it allows taking into account several parameters of vasodilators:

chemical structure of the active ingredient;
for which pathologies it is used;
on which parts of the circulatory system or organs the agent acts.

According to this classification, vasodilators are divided into the following groups:

for the treatment of heart diseases;
for the treatment of arterial hypertension or hypertension;
for the treatment of disorders of cerebral circulation or the elimination of headaches and dizziness;
for the treatment of eye diseases (glaucoma or increased intraocular pressure;
for the treatment of peripheral circulation disorders (pathologies of the vessels of the legs, complications of diabetes mellitus, arthritis, osteochondrosis, etc.).

This classification lists only the most widely used and known vasodilators, which may be available under different names in the form of tablets or injectable solutions.

Heart disease

Nitroglycerin must be on hand in a person suffering from angina pectoris.

Organic nitrates - Nitroglycerin, Isosorbide dinitrate or mononitrate, Pentaerythrityl tetranitrate;
adrenergic blockers - Carvedilol, Propranolol, Atenolol, Nebivolol, Nadolol;
calcium channel blockers - Verapamil, Nitrendipine, Nifedipine, Nimodipine, Amlodipine;
nitric oxide donators - Serelaxin, Corvaton, Nicorandil, Molsidomine;
angiotensin II antagonists - Valsartan, Lorista, Losartan, Diovan, Candesartan;
- Captopril, Accupro, Enalapril, Enam, Ramipril, Fozicard, Lisinopril;
other means - Instenon.

or hypertension

Ganglioblockers - Azamethonium, Camphoniy, Pyrilene, Benzohexonium, Dimecolin, Trepirium;
substances that depress the vasomotor center - Clonidine, Physiotens, Clonidine, Rilmenidine, Albarel, Methyldopa;
sympatholytics - Reserpine, Oktadin, Guanethidine;
adrenergic blockers - Nadolol, Carvedilol, Acecor, Timolol, Prazosin, Labetalol, Egilok, Bisocard, Sotalol;
to eliminate pulmonary hypertension - Traklir, Bosentan, Ambrisentan;
potassium channel activators - Minoxidil, Cordinic, Diazoxide;
calcium channel blockers - Diacordin, Octidipine, Nifedipine, Verapamil, Plendil, Amlodipine;
ACE inhibitors - Captopril, Envans, Enalapril, Gopten, Ramipril, Stoppress, Lisinopril;
renin inhibitors - Aliskiren;
angiotensin II antagonists - Valsartan, Naviten, Hyposart, Losartan, Cardosal, Candesartan;
a nicotinic acid;
sodium nitroprusside;
Apressin;
Isosorbide dinitrate;
other means - Vincamine, Bentsiklan, Naftidrofuriol.

or to relieve headaches and dizziness

Ergot alkaloids - Sermion, Ergoloid mesylate, Nicergoline;
calcium channel blockers - Stugeron, Betahistine, Dilceren, Nimodipine, Nimopine, Cinnarizine;
purine derivatives - Pentoxifylline, Xanthinol nicotinate;
adrenoblockers - Korgard, Talinolol, Betalok, Acebutolol, Kordanum, Propranolol, Acecor, Atenolol;
correctors of cerebral circulation disorders - Cavinton, Niacin, Avamigran, Pentohexal, Instenon, Vinpocetine.

Eye diseases (glaucoma or increased intraocular pressure)

Persons suffering from glaucoma require topical application of vasodilators.

Dipivefrin;
Betak;
Pilocarpine;
Timolol;
Travoprost;
Proxofelin;
Carbachol;
Betaxolol;
Latanoprost;
Clonidine.

Peripheral circulatory disorders (arthritis, etc.)

Adrenoblockers - Phentolamine;
myotropic antispasmodics - Papaverine hydrochloride;
ganglion blockers - Benzohexonium;
ergot alkaloids - Vasobral, Sermion, Nicergoline;
means with an adenosine mechanism - Parsedil, Sanomil-Sanovel, Dipyridamole;
ACE inhibitors - Captopril, Enam, Bagopril, Renitek, Enalapril;
purine derivatives - Pentylin, Xanthinol nicotinate, Coplamin, Pentoxifylline;
calcium channel blockers - Nifedipine, Dilceren, Felodipine, Nitrendipine;
leukotrienes and prostaglandins - Ventavis, Edex, Alprostadil, Muse, Iloprost;
other means - Dibazol, Enduracin, Naftidrofuril, Oxybral, Bencyclan, nicotinic acid, Vincamine.

The mechanism of action of vasodilators by group

Calcium channel blockers

The mechanism of action of such agents is aimed at inhibiting the penetration of calcium ions into vascular muscle cells. A decrease in their concentration leads to the expansion of peripheral arteries, arterioles and a decrease in pressure.

Different drugs in this group may differ in a number of properties or their pharmacokinetics, their appointment should be performed only by a doctor.

Correctors of circulatory disorders in the vessels of the brain

This group of vasodilators includes drugs with different mechanisms of action, but their distinguishing feature is the ability to act predominantly on the cerebral vessels.

Ergot alkaloids

These drugs are able to block alpha-adrenergic receptors and cause expansion of peripheral arteries. As a result, blood circulation in the affected tissue area improves, and blood pressure decreases.

Myotropic antispasmodics

Such vasodilators reduce vascular smooth muscle tone and cause arterial lumen dilatation. This action of drugs leads to an improvement in blood flow. In clinical practice, such a myotropic antispasmodic as Papaverine hydrochloride is most often used.

Adrenoblockers

Some of these tablets or solutions can be used both for continuous use in various ailments, and for the relief of hypertensive crises. The active components of such drugs act on the receptors of the vascular walls that are sensitive to adrenaline and norepinephrine, block them and provide an expansion of the vascular lumen. The choice of such means is extremely wide and can only be performed by a doctor.

Means for oppression of the vasomotor center

These drugs suppress the vasomotor center located in the medulla oblongata. As a result, the tone of the vascular walls decreases, the vessels dilate, and the pressure decreases.

Ganglioblockers

Such drugs act on nicotine-sensitive receptors in the nerves of the autonomic nervous system. As a result, the impulses that cause vasospasm are interrupted, the tone of the vascular walls decreases and they expand.

Potassium channel activators

The active components of such drugs cause the opening of potassium channels in the membranes of vascular smooth muscle cells. As a result, potassium ions leave the cells and interfere with the penetration of calcium ions into the vascular walls. A decrease in calcium levels in the smooth muscles of the walls causes relaxation and vasodilation. After that, blood pressure decreases.

ACE inhibitors

These vasodilators are able to block the action of angiotensin-converting enzyme, which causes vasoconstriction. As a result, the tone of the vascular walls decreases, and the lumen of the vessel expands, causing a decrease in pressure.

Renin inhibitors

These drugs inhibit the activity of an enzyme that increases blood pressure, such as renin. As a result, the lumen of the vessels expands, and hypertension is eliminated.

Angiotensin II antagonists

These drugs neutralize the angiotensin II peptide, which has a pronounced vasoconstrictor property. As a result, the lumen of the vessels expands and the pressure decreases.

Sympatholytics

The active components of such drugs eliminate the effect of sympathetic innervation that increases vascular tone. As a result, the heart begins to contract less frequently, the muscles of the vessels relax, their lumen expands and the pressure decreases.

Drugs for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension

For the treatment of pulmonary hypertension, antagonists of endothelin A receptors are used, which disrupt the mechanism of development of pulmonary hypertension and lead to a decrease in pressure in the pulmonary vessels. In addition to them, other vasodilators (for example, calcium channel blockers) can be used as an adjunct.

organic nitrates

Especially often such drugs are prescribed for treatment. Under their influence, there is a decrease in the flow of venous blood to the heart, smooth muscles of peripheral vessels relax, pressure in the right atrium and pulmonary artery decreases. This unloading of the myocardium reduces its need for oxygen and contributes to the normalization of coronary blood flow.

Nitric Oxide Donators

This group of drugs, like nitrates, is more often used specifically for the treatment of heart disease. Nitric oxide promotes relaxation of vascular smooth muscles (especially venous) and expansion of the vascular lumen. As a result, coronary blood flow improves, and the load on the myocardium and blood vessels decreases.

Purine derivatives

Such agents help to reduce the level of calcium in vascular smooth muscle cells, block adenosine receptors, normalize microcirculation and improve blood fluidity. As a result, the vascular walls relax, the lumen of the vessel expands, blood circulation improves, and pressure decreases.

Agents with an adenosine mechanism of action

These vasodilators not only relax the smooth muscles of the vessels and expand their lumen, but also prevent the formation of blood clots in the veins and arteries. They are able to stabilize microcirculation in various parts of the blood flow and are used in various branches of medicine.

The circulatory system is an extremely complex mechanism that strives to maintain stable conditions in the body. Vessels are able to contract and expand, depending on external and internal factors. For example, when the body is cooled, peripheral vessels constrict in order to spend less heat on warming the limbs and, thereby, save it for the internal organs. It also constricts the blood vessels of nicotine, which enters the bloodstream after smoking a cigarette. Any stress causes vasospasm to adapt the body to danger.

What is dangerous vasoconstriction

But the factors listed above lead to a temporary narrowing of the vessels, and after a short time they return to normal. But there are a number of conditions that can cause long-term vasoconstriction. This can lead to a number of serious consequences.

Under the normal pressure that the heart muscle creates, with constricted vessels, the tissues receive too little oxygen and nutrients. To compensate for this, the heart has to work harder. Because of this, blood pressure rises, and the walls of blood vessels experience increased stress.

Constant vasospasm is a prerequisite for the development of a huge number of diseases: severe headaches, high blood pressure, heart failure, heart attack and stroke.

Particularly dangerous in this regard is damage to the vessels of the brain, since constantly narrowed vessels reduce the quality of its nutrition and impair work, leading to impaired memory, attention, reduced performance, and so on.

Mechanisms of vasoconstriction

Any vessel is a hollow organ that consists of several layers. The outer layer provides its mechanical contraction and expansion. With its help, the body regulates body temperature, expanding blood vessels when overheated and narrowing when cooled. But if this mechanism fails, chronic long-term vasospasm can develop.

One of the reasons for the violation of the mechanism of narrowing and expansion of blood vessels is age. The older a person is, the less elastic his blood vessels are.

But there is another mechanism of vasoconstriction - the growth of plaques on its inner surface. Cholesterol and atherosclerotic plaques are deposited on it, which narrows the lumen of the vessel.

In some cases, vasoconstriction can be caused by several reasons, for example, an increase in cholesterol plaques and loss of elasticity of the walls of blood vessels.

In such cases, it is necessary to follow a set of measures that will help slow down the process of plaque growth, as well as loss of elasticity.

Medical vasodilatation

Today, there are many medications that can dilate blood vessels. Some of them are used urgently, if you need to relieve spasm, while others are suitable for permanent use, but they give a long-term effect. The following are most commonly used:

Nitroglycerine. This simple and affordable drug should be in the first-aid kit of every "core", and people prone to angina attacks need to have it with them all the time. It must be used for angina attacks - pain in the heart against the background of physical or mental stress. One dragee of nitroglycerin quickly relieves spasm and pain. But this drug is ineffective in many diseases and conditions, such as heart attack and stroke.
Spazmalgon. Another short-acting drug. It cannot be taken on an ongoing basis, but if you need to relieve an attack of headache, which is caused by vasoconstriction, then Spasmalgon is the best remedy.
Papaverine. An effective remedy for vasospasm, but it should be taken only under the guidance of a doctor.
Calcium channel blockers. This is one of the most common means of combating hypertension. The drugs of this group block the receptors that are responsible for vasoconstriction, due to which the drug has become effective for the treatment of arterial hypertension.
Ginko Biloba. Preparations based on this plant are used to combat age-related changes in blood vessels, as well as improve cerebral circulation.

This is only part of the drugs to eliminate vasospasm.

Other drugs are used to combat vasoconstriction due to cholesterol deposition and atherosclerotic plaques. There are many commercial forms and names, which the doctor should select in accordance with the results of the diagnosis.

Nutrition for vasodilation

Cleaning vessels with bay leaf

Proper nutrition is one of the main factors for those who want to know how to expand blood vessels at home. Without strict adherence to a number of rules, success will not work. The following recommendations must be followed:

First of all, you need to reduce the amount of animal fats in the diet. You will have to give up butter, pork and lamb, sausages, fatty cheeses and so on. Dairy products should be with a minimum amount of fat. Meat should not be completely abandoned, but preference should be given to chicken, turkey, lean veal.
Fish should be included in the daily diet. Fish oil not only does not cause the formation of “bad” cholesterol that forms plaques, but also reduces its amount in the blood and “cleanses” the circulatory system. Fish can be boiled, baked, stewed, marinated. It is undesirable to fry it, use it in the form of canned food and preserves.
Fresh fruits, vegetables, leafy salads and greens should be in the daily diet, regardless of the time of year. It is believed that a day you need to eat at least 5 servings, each about 200 grams.
It is best to exclude alcohol from the diet. It really dilates the blood vessels, but the effect of it is short-lived, after which they can narrow even more.

It is allowed to use cognac as a vasodilator, but only in exceptional cases, for example, with severe stress or hypothermia, and not more than 40-50 milligrams.

Following these simple tips will help reduce the rate of vascular overgrowth. But in addition to this, it will be useful to use numerous folk recipes for expanding blood vessels at home.

Folk remedies for vasodilatation

Traditional medicine, based on the healing properties of plants, has dozens of ways to expand blood vessels at home:

Garlic oil. This tool is one of the most effective and versatile. The head of garlic should be mashed into a gruel or finely chopped and placed in a glass jar, pouring a glass of unrefined vegetable oil. Infuse the product in the refrigerator for at least a day. Then you need to drink one teaspoon of oil mixed with the same amount of lemon juice three times a day before meals. The duration of the course should be at least three months.
Hawthorn. This remedy strengthens blood vessels and relieves their spasm. 20 grams of hawthorn fruit should be poured with boiling water, 200 grams, and boiled for 5 minutes. Then the product is filtered and stored in the refrigerator, taking one tablespoon before meals. A similar composition can be prepared from hawthorn flowers, but 1 tablespoon is taken per glass of water. The duration of the course is 3 months.
Valerian. This plant is known for its calming properties, but it also relieves spasm and relaxes the muscles of blood vessels. To do this, boil 10 grams of dry valerian roots in 200 grams of boiling water in a water bath for 30 minutes. Then another 2 hours the broth must be insisted, well wrapped. After - strain and store in the refrigerator. It is recommended to take the remedy in a tablespoon 3-4 times a day.
It is also useful to drink herbal preparations, using for this motherwort, yarrow, cudweed, mistletoe, Ivan tea.
Hazel. Dry bark and hazel leaves are crushed. 20 grams of raw materials are poured with a glass of boiling water and infused for an hour, wrapped well. Ready infusion should be taken in a tablespoon 3-4 times a day.
To cleanse the vessels of toxins and plaques, other plants are used - birch buds, pharmaceutical chamomile flowers, yarrow, St. John's wort, immortelle. The ingredients are mixed in equal proportions, 100 grams each, then a tablespoon of the mixture is poured with two cups of boiling water and infused for half an hour. You need to take the infusion twice daily: in the morning, on an empty stomach, and in the evening. The course continues until the prepared mixture runs out. Such a course can be held every 2-3 years.

These are the most common and well-established home vasodilation methods. They can be used simultaneously with therapeutic drug methods, but before that you should consult with your doctor. He will be able to determine whether this remedy will not harm in a particular case and whether it will conflict with the therapy prescribed by him.

To expand blood vessels at home, in addition to proper nutrition, drug and alternative therapy, a number of additional recommendations should be followed, which primarily relate to lifestyle:

Healthy sleep. Getting enough sleep is essential for vascular health and well-being. At least 8-9 hours of sleep should be taken, depending on the need. With insomnia, you can use sedatives on a natural basis.
Massage. Perfectly stimulates the work of the vascular system general firming massage. With damage to the vessels of the brain, massage of the neck-collar zone is useful.
Cold and hot shower. A contrast shower, in which dousing with cold and hot water alternately, is the best charge for blood vessels. It forces them to expand and contract, improves their tone and elasticity. But it should not be carried out by elderly people without preparation. In such cases, you can use the dressed option: put two basins with hot and cold water next to them and lower them alternately for a few seconds.
Sauna, bath, hammam. Such procedures are associated with warming up the whole body, which causes the vessels to expand, relieves their spasm. Enhances the effect of massage, whether it is a soapy massage in the hammam or the use of brooms in the bath. The traditional sprinkling of snow after the bath is an excellent prevention of vascular diseases.
Walks. It is very important to take at least a half-hour walk in the fresh air every day, preferably in the park. This ensures the flow of fresh oxygen to all tissues, tones the blood vessels.

Disorders in the functioning of cerebral vessels are fairly common diseases. Such ailments negatively affect the functioning of the brain and other organs that are important for a person. People who suffer from vasospasm often complain of headaches, dizziness, chest pain, chills, and pain in the upper and lower extremities. Moreover, vascular spasm can last for several minutes or several days. Doctors prescribe vasodilator drugs to patients in a certain course.

Preparations for vessels

To restore blood circulation and get rid of spasm in the brain, patients take drugs to expand the vessels of the brain. Such vasodilator drugs for the brain help to normalize metabolism, stimulate the supply of oxygen to the tissues and prevent the formation of serious diseases, which sometimes lead to disability or even death of the patient.

In medicine, vasodilating drugs are an extensive group of medicines. Each vasodilator drug for the brain has individual characteristics and a certain effect, which is aimed at improving the functions of the brain vessels. Some vasodilator drugs are used for the complex treatment of various diseases that manifest themselves in the vessels of any part of the body. In addition, vasodilators for the brain are prescribed to cure hypertension, migraine, and also to improve concentration and memory.

Given the wide range of symptoms that are the reason for prescribing vasodilators for the brain and the huge variety of these medications, treatment is prescribed by a specialist after an accurate diagnosis of the disease and according to the personal characteristics of the patient's condition.

In this article, we will provide a list of vasodilators that are prescribed for the treatment of the vascular system of the brain. And also consider their classification and the functioning of each type of vasodilator drugs for the brain.

Characteristics of vasodilator drugs

Vascular disorders are a fairly common disease. People of different age categories are exposed to such ailments. Vasoconstriction is possible in any organ of the human body, it can adversely affect vital functions.

Vessels supply blood to almost the entire human body. Through the bloodstream, the body is supplied with nutrients, oxygen and metabolic products. Moreover through the blood vessels the body is cleared of toxins that are formed during life processes. Consequently, narrowing of the vessel lumen can lead to all these processes.

To cure vascular diseases that are associated with their narrowing in different areas and of different sizes, the specialist prescribes vasodilator drugs for the brain (vasodilators). This is a fairly wide group of medicines, which has a common characteristic - they dilate blood vessels, only each in a separate part of the human body.

It would be a mistake to assume that every drug that dilates blood vessels equally affects the entire body. In the human body, there are all kinds of vessels through which blood enters, from small to large, performing individual actions. That's why vasodilators are selected for each disease, following the localization.

How are vasodilators classified?

Since the mechanism for regulating tone in the walls of blood vessels is complex and diverse, it is rather difficult to classify brain vasodilators accordingly. But still, this group of drugs has a division according to some features. First, on the functioning of vasodilators for the brain. This feature is not important for patients, rather, this characteristic is necessary for the doctor who prescribes the treatment.

Secondly, vasodilators for the brain are divided according to anatomical-therapeutic-chemical characteristics (ATC).

The division of vasodilator drugs for the brain into groups is carried out according to the following principles:

The main component of vasodilators. This allows you to determine how the brain remedy affects the human body;
List of diseases for the treatment of which this is prescribed;
Localization of the action of vasodilators for the brain.

This information about the vasodilator will be important to the patient. But still, it must be taken into account that the independent use of medicines that dilate blood vessels is strictly prohibited.

In some cases, the attending physician recommends different drugs for the brain for the same disease. This is due to the characteristics of the patient, the presence of concomitant ailments in other organs and systems, the state of the blood vessels in the affected area, as well as many other reasons.

By functioning, vasodilators are divided into:

Neurotropic;
Myotropic;
blocking calcium channels.

Neurotropes, in turn, are divided into:

Reflex vasodilators;
Vasodilator drugs for the brain, functioning centrally;
Vasodilator drugs that act superficially.

Myotropic vasodilator drugs for the brain affect the muscle tissue in the middle layer of the arteries (compared to veins, arteries have not only an outer connective tissue and an inner endothelial membrane, but also a layer in the middle, which consists of smooth muscle tissue cells).

Vasodilator drugs for the brain that block the calcium channel prevent the formation of the actin-myosin protein complex, which reduces the walls of blood vessels. The calcium contained in the brain vasodilator helps to keep the protein compound stable.

In addition, there are vasodilators for the brain that have a mixed effect on the body, for example, drugs containing nitrates. Such brain vasodilators combine two devices: neurotropic and myotropic.

There are also vasoconstrictive medications that affect a specific part of the body, and not all vessels. For example, coronary lytic agents affect mainly the cardiovascular system. To relieve spasms in the coronary vessels, validol, nitroglycerin or aminophylline is prescribed. To increase the functioning of the vascular system of the brain, experts recommend taking the vasodilator drug cinnarizine. And to relieve vascular spasms in the legs, a course of phentolamine is prescribed.

Let's take a closer look at vasodilators, which help to dilate blood vessels by localization of exposure.

Vasodilator drugs for the brain

Vasodilator drugs used to treat cerebral vessels have some peculiarities in their effects on the body. The main disadvantage of using these vasodilators is the effect on other vascular systems, which often causes a strong decrease in blood pressure. Therefore, these vasodilators are not indicated for patients who are prone to hypotensive conditions. The result may be quite the opposite. For this reason, drugs that dilate blood vessels in the brain are prescribed individually for each patient.

The best vasodilators to treat cerebrovascular disease are:

Vasodilator for the brain Piracetam- This is a drug that accelerates the output of glucose, which normalizes the blood supply to the vessels of the brain, removes pain in the head and dizziness. It is produced in various pharmacological forms: tablets, syrups, solutions for injections and intravenous administration.

Vasodilator for the brain Mexidol- This is a remedy that normalizes the blood supply to the brain, saturates the brain with oxygen and nutrients, lowers the amount of cholesterol, and dilates blood vessels. A vasodilator drug for the brain is produced in tablet and injectable form.

Vasodilator for the brain Actovegin. This is a vasodilator drug, which is successfully prescribed as a vasodilator for the brain, accelerates the withdrawal of glucose, and normalizes metabolic processes at the cellular level.

Vasodilator drugs for the brain, used in the treatment of cerebral atherosclerosis, help improve blood flow in the brain and have a positive effect on the walls of venous and arterial vessels.

The following vasodilator drugs can quickly expand the blood vascular system of the brain:

Vasodilator for the brain Papaverine. This medication is prescribed to relieve spasms in the brain. In addition, papaverine is well used to relieve spasms in the smooth muscle cells of the peritoneum;

Vasodilator for the brain Cavinton. It is prescribed for disorders of the blood supply in the brain. It has a positive effect on the vessels of the brain, makes the lumen in them wider and removes spasms. It is produced in the form of tablets and solutions for injections.

Vasodilator for the brain Angionorm. This drug helps to make blood vessels in the brain wider and increases physical endurance, resistance to stressful conditions, and also normalizes the emotional and psychological state.

In addition, almost all drugs aimed at treating the vascular system of the brain have a hypotensive effect.

For this reason, the use of vasodilators for the brain is carried out strictly according to the doctor's prescription. In addition, the dosage and frequency of administration, as well as constant monitoring of the patient's blood pressure, must be observed.

For coronary vessels

Narrowing of the coronary vessels is characteristic of ailments in the cardiovascular system, especially for coronary heart disease (CHD). With stenosis in the coronary vessels, the patient feels pain, tightness in the chest and other unpleasant symptoms.

To expand the coronary arteries, specialists prescribe the following medical devices:

Vasodilator drug Nitroglycerine- a drug used to quickly relieve a painful attack in developing myocardial infarction. The medicine helps improve myocardial function by increasing the heart rate. In addition, it inhibits the return of venous blood flow, which reduces the need for oxygen in the heart muscles.

Vasodilator drug Atenolol- a medicine that reduces the heart rate. It is prescribed for patients with tachycardia, arrhythmia, as well as people suffering from high blood pressure. Removes an asthma attack, which is caused by a high need for oxygen in the myocardium, increases the patency of blood vessels and nutrition of the heart muscles.

But these medicines have some contraindications for use, which makes it impossible to use them without consulting your doctor to choose the right dosage.

Contraindications include such factors:

Both drugs should not be used in hypotension;
Vasodilator drug Nitroglycerin is not prescribed for cerebral hemorrhages or disorders in the functioning of cerebral vessels;
Atenolol is not prescribed for shock cardiogenic conditions and sinus bradycardia;
The vasodilator drug Atenolol is contraindicated in diseases of the kidneys and liver;
Atenolol is not prescribed in the presence of diabetes.

If you take vasodilators of this classification correctly, you can get rid of seizures and improve the patient's health.

For superficial arteries

Superficial blood vessels often undergo spasm when a patient develops hypertension or high blood pressure. It has not yet been diagnosed, like hypertension, but there is a possibility of transformation into a chronic form of this disease.

The most effective and widely used brain vasodilators include:

Vasodilator for the brain Nifedipine- a medicine related to calcium antagonists. Helps to reduce cardiac load, the general resistance of blood vessels, which makes it possible to lower blood pressure.

Vasodilator for the brain Enalapril- a medical preparation used for the treatment of hypertension. It can be used for a long time and has a firm relaxing effect on blood vessels.

These vasodilator drugs for the brain are prescribed to people who have hypertension, heart failure, coronary heart disease. A vasodilator drug for the brain is taken for a long time, and sometimes for the rest of your life. To make the drugs convenient to take, they are produced in tablet form with different dosages of the active active ingredient.

The contraindications of vasodilator drugs for the brain include the following factors:

Individual intolerance to the ingredients that make up the product;
A strong decrease in blood pressure;
The use of other medicines that are not combined with these medicines.

With prolonged use of these vasodilator drugs for the brain, constant monitoring of blood pressure is prescribed, periodic blood donations to check the amount of electrolytes and biochemical composition. With changes in some indicators, you need to seek help from a doctor, it may be necessary to: adjust the dosage or replace the drug.

For the treatment of the lower extremities

To relieve spasms in the vessels of the legs, such vasodilators are used:

Papaverine. This drug helps to relieve spasmodic manifestations in the vessels and the pain syndrome that is associated with it. In addition, it slows down the appearance of ulcers, due to the effect on the walls of blood vessels, improves microcirculation of blood flow through the superficial vessels of the legs, and also increases metabolism in tissues and prevents necrotizing processes. A vasodilator drug for the brain is produced in tablet form, as well as in injection ampoules. For medical treatment in a hospital, it is most often used for intramuscular injection. After discharge from the hospital, a course of Papaverine tablets is prescribed.

Vasodilator for the brain Phentolamine- is an adrenergic blocker, which has the effect of vasodilatation and acts specifically on the affected vessels.

This cardiac vasodilator is indicated for use in:

Ischemic pain syndrome in the lower extremities;
Endarteritis;
Formation of trophic ulcers on the legs;
The initial stages of the formation of gangrenous manifestations in the presence of atherosclerotic disease;
The presence of bedsores and frostbite in areas of the skin localized in different places.

Diseases develop and progress rapidly if the patient smokes, suffers from diabetes or hypertension. Spasms in the vessels cause a lack of oxygen in the muscles of the legs, which leads to pain, especially while walking. After taking a few steps, a person should stop because of the onset of pain. This symptom is called intermittent claudication.

With the further development of the disease, trophic sores appear on the lower extremities, they become cyanotic, pale or reddish-purple. In addition, the hairline disappears in a place where blood circulation is disturbed. If you start the disease, then gangrene may develop, which causes irreversible processes (there is a possibility to remain completely without a leg).

For hand treatment

Blood vessels suffer not only on the legs. Vessels in the upper extremities are also subject to the same problems. In addition, spasms of blood vessels in the arms are possible when squeezing the artery under the clavicle. The most dangerous disease in this group is Raynaud's disease and syndrome, which often affects the fair sex at a young age. Raynaud's disease is a systemic, genetically manifested disease that affects small vessels in the hands (rarely in the legs). Raynaud's syndrome manifests itself under the influence of some causes and, in comparison with the disease, is curable. Only women are predisposed to the syndrome, but these are not all factors. In addition, the causes of the manifestation of the disease are stressful conditions, regular hypothermia, vibration, rheumatoid diseases. Typists and pianists are at risk.

To treat blood vessels in the hands, vasodilator medications are also needed.

For the treatment of the upper limbs, the specialist prescribes the following vasodilator drugs for the brain:

Medicines for the brain are antispasmodic. Namely, no-shpa or papaverine.
Adrenoblockers that have a central and superficial effect on the body. These include the brain vasodilator chlorpromazine and tropafen.
Ganglioblockers. Namely, the brain vasodilator gangleron and benzohexonium.
Myotropic drugs that expand the vascular system. Namely, nicotinic acid.
Medicines that block calcium channels. Among them are the brain medicine amlodipine and nifedipine.

Treatment with vasodilator medications is carried out in combination with physical procedures and acupuncture, which help restore blood supply. If the treatment does not have the proper result, then surgical intervention is used (preganglionic sympathectomy).

For the brain based on medicinal herbs

In modern pharmacology, plant components have long been used to produce vasodilator drugs for the brain. No exception and vasodilator drugs for the brain, which are prescribed to cure vascular spasms of different localization.

The advantages of these vasodilator drugs for the brain are their safety, minimal side effects and a low number of contraindications. The disadvantages of drugs for the brain include slow response, the need for a long period of taking and use in the initial stages of the disease. When the disease is in an advanced stage, develops rapidly or has passed into an acute stage, then treatment with only herbal vasodilators for the brain will not have the necessary results.

Brain vasodilators with herbal ingredients, which include vinca alkaloids and gingko biloba, are widely used. Extracts of these herbs help relieve spasm, saturate tissues with oxygen and nutrients, normalize blood circulation in the brain, and normalize metabolic processes.

Brain vasodilators containing periwinkle as an active ingredient include: Vinpocetine, Cavinton, Telektol and others.

Gingko biloba is the main component of such brain vasodilators as: Tanakan, Bilobil, Gingium and others.

Medicines for the brain, containing herbal ingredients, are sold at any pharmacy without a prescription. In addition, individual brain vasodilators are classified as dietary supplements (BAA).

However, even such drugs for the brain must be started after consulting with the attending physician. Since any vasodilator drug for the brain has contraindications and side effects on the human body. Therefore, only a specialist has the right to prescribe the drug in order to exclude a possible risk to the patient's health.

People of all ages should take care of their own health. And do not assume that only patients in their declining years are susceptible to diseases of the blood vessels. Vascular spasm can occur even at a young or childhood age. The reason for this is the environment, increased physical or mental stress, stress, the presence of bad habits, as well as many other factors. If you start taking care of blood vessels in time, then it is possible to maintain working capacity, a clear mind and a good memory for many years. But be sure to consult your doctor before starting treatment with vasodilator drugs for the brain. This will give rise to more serious health problems.

Over the years, changes occur in the human body and, of course, not for the better. The cardiovascular system wears out, the vessels narrow, losing their elasticity and permeability, which leads to diseases such as atherosclerosis and arterial hypertension. The destruction of small vessels reduces the activity of blood microcirculation, and suffering arterial vessels are a direct cause of atherosclerosis. To avoid these intractable consequences, you need to know how to expand blood vessels and restore normal blood circulation.

Symptoms of vasoconstriction in the brain

Unfortunately, in our time, such a phenomenon as vasoconstriction of the brain occurs not only in older people, but also in fairly young people, and there are reasons for this. Eating unhealthy foods, drinking alcohol, smoking cigarettes - all this leads to clogging of blood vessels. Symptoms of this disease can be noticed immediately, as they manifest themselves every day.

The onset of the disease is frequent paroxysmal headaches.
Dizziness and faintness.
Noises in the ears.
Impairment or loss of memory.
Increased fatigue.
Decreased performance.

Feeling these symptoms, you can not leave them unattended, otherwise they can lead to a stroke or heart attack. If such symptoms appear in an elderly person, the disease can lead to senile dementia.

Causes of vasoconstriction

There are many reasons for impaired conduction of blood vessels. In addition to possible congenital or infectious pathologies, they are created by modern life itself, full of stressful situations, with its rhythm, which often deprives people of proper rest, sleep and proper nutrition, alcohol consumption (which dilates blood vessels for a while, and then narrows them severely, bringing irreparable harm) and much more.

Increased mental and physical stress.
stressful situations.
Overwork at work.
Nervous experiences.
Rare walks, and as a conclusion - the lack of fresh air.
A sedentary lifestyle, which means stagnant processes in the body.
Inadequate or malnutrition - a large amount of high-calorie, fatty and fried foods. Lack of vegetables, seafood and fruits in the diet.
Smoking, excessive consumption of alcohol, especially beer, which, in addition, leads to hormonal imbalance and obesity.

Many of these causes lead to an increase in the level of cholesterol in the blood and its deposition on the walls of blood vessels. This makes the vessels less passable, they lose their former elasticity.

How to expand and strengthen the vessels of the head?

If there are signs of atherosclerosis, the treatment will be long, possibly permanent. Several specialist doctors deal with this problem, it all depends on the test results and the causes of the disease. Of course, you need to know which medications dilate the vessels of the brain, but it is not recommended to use them without a doctor's prescription.

Video: doctor's opinion on vasodilators

Folk methods for vasodilatation

Traditional healers, who have been collecting recipes for decades and passing them on from generation to generation, have their own methods for solving the problem of vasodilation. How can you expand the vessels at home in folk ways? Here are a few natural-based recipes that are used to dilate blood vessels and cleanse cholesterol plaque.

Classic - garlic infusion

Chop 250 grams of garlic and put in a clean glass jar, pour it with 300 grams of alcohol, tightly close the lid and put in a dark cool place for 10-12 days. Then get the mixture, strain, take according to the following scheme:
The first day - a drop of infusion on the third part of a glass of milk, taken on an empty stomach, do not have breakfast for forty minutes after taking it. Before lunch 30 minutes - two drops, before dinner also half an hour - three drops.
The second day, take three times, increasing the dose by one drop at each dose. So you need to take until the end of the sixth day, the last time fifteen drops are taken.
Further, the tincture is taken according to the same scheme, but the drops are reduced, one at a time.
Having reached one drop, you need to take twenty-five drops of the tincture until it runs out, also washing it down with one-third of a glass of milk.

You can read more about the healing of blood vessels with garlic here.

Other effective recipes

Dry the bark and leaves of hazel and grind. Tea is made from this mixture, brewing in proportion - one tablespoon of the mixture per glass of boiling water.
Grind two tablespoons of valerian root and a glass of dill seeds, mix it all with two glasses of honey. Next, pour 1.5 liters of boiling water over the mixture, close the tincture in a thermos for 24 hours, then take one tablespoon 30 minutes before meals, you must consume the entire infusion.

Pour a tablespoon of hornbeam flowers with a glass of boiling water, insist 40-60 minutes. You need to take such an infusion for forty days, half a glass three times a day.
Hawthorn fruits (25-30 grams) pour 250 grams of boiling water(you can take the color of this plant, one tablespoon per glass of boiling water), leave for 40-45 minutes. Take one tablespoon three times a day before meals for 30-35 minutes.

Products that dilate blood vessels

What foods that dilate blood vessels can be mentioned, and what foods are mistakenly considered vasodilators?

Collapse of delusions: what is not suitable for vascular treatment?

Products that heal

Oatmeal + strawberries- this combination perfectly cleanses the vessels of cholesterol and even treats inflammation in them, restoring their elasticity and strengthening.
Red wine well dilates blood vessels, and white cleanses them of cholesterol. For preventive purposes, you can alternate these drinks (one day red wine, then white), but drink no more than 100-150 grams per day.
For cleansing, which means vasodilatation is well suited baking soda recipe It's simple and affordable. In a glass of warm boiled water, you need to dissolve half a teaspoon of soda and drink on an empty stomach. This procedure is carried out twice a week, with an interval of three days. On other days, the morning should be started with a decoction of herbal tea. Attention! This recipe is not suitable for those who have stomach ulcers or hyperacidity.

This is interesting: the interaction of alcohol and blood vessels

In order not to lead to such serious consequences as a stroke or heart attack, it is better to play it safe and regularly carry out preventive cleaning of blood vessels, preventing cholesterol from depositing on their walls. These procedures are much easier to do than to treat an already diseased cardiovascular system for a long time, and possibly for the rest of your life.

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What is dangerous vasoconstriction

Constant vasospasm is a prerequisite for the development of a huge number of diseases: severe headaches, high blood pressure, heart failure, heart attack and stroke.

Mechanisms of vasoconstriction

One of the reasons for the violation of the mechanism of narrowing and expansion of blood vessels is age. The older a person is, the less elastic his blood vessels are.

But there is another mechanism of vasoconstriction - the growth of plaques on its inner surface. Cholesterol and atherosclerotic plaques are deposited on it, which narrows the lumen of the vessel.

In some cases, vasoconstriction can be caused by several reasons, for example, an increase in cholesterol plaques and loss of elasticity of the walls of blood vessels.

In such cases, it is necessary to follow a set of measures that will help slow down the process of plaque growth, as well as loss of elasticity.

Medical vasodilatation

Nitroglycerine. This simple and affordable drug should be in the first-aid kit of every "core", and people prone to angina attacks need to have it with them all the time. It must be used for angina attacks - pain in the heart against the background of physical or mental stress. One dragee of nitroglycerin quickly relieves spasm and pain. But this drug is ineffective in many diseases and conditions, such as heart attack and stroke.
Spazmalgon. Another short-acting drug. It cannot be taken on an ongoing basis, but if you need to relieve an attack of headache, which is caused by vasoconstriction, then Spasmalgon is the best remedy.
Papaverine. An effective remedy for vasospasm, but it should be taken only under the guidance of a doctor.
Calcium channel blockers. This is one of the most common means of combating hypertension. The drugs of this group block the receptors that are responsible for vasoconstriction, due to which the drug has become effective for the treatment of arterial hypertension.
Ginko Biloba. Preparations based on this plant are used to combat age-related changes in blood vessels, as well as improve cerebral circulation.

This is only part of the drugs to eliminate vasospasm.

Nutrition for vasodilation

First of all, you need to reduce the amount of animal fats in the diet. You will have to give up butter, pork and lamb, sausages, fatty cheeses and so on. Dairy products should be with a minimum amount of fat. Meat should not be completely abandoned, but preference should be given to chicken, turkey, lean veal.
Fish should be included in the daily diet. Fish oil not only does not cause the formation of “bad” cholesterol that forms plaques, but also reduces its amount in the blood and “cleanses” the circulatory system. Fish can be boiled, baked, stewed, marinated. It is undesirable to fry it, use it in the form of canned food and preserves.
Fresh fruits, vegetables, leafy salads and greens should be in the daily diet, regardless of the time of year. It is believed that a day you need to eat at least 5 servings, each about 200 grams.
It is best to exclude alcohol from the diet. It really dilates the blood vessels, but the effect of it is short-lived, after which they can narrow even more.

It is allowed to use cognac as a vasodilator, but only in exceptional cases, for example, with severe stress or hypothermia, and not more than 40-50 milligrams.

Following these simple tips will help reduce the rate of vascular overgrowth. But in addition to this, it will be useful to use numerous folk recipes for expanding blood vessels at home.

Folk remedies for vasodilatation

Traditional medicine, based on the healing properties of plants, has dozens of ways to expand blood vessels at home:

Garlic oil. This tool is one of the most effective and versatile. The head of garlic should be mashed into a gruel or finely chopped and placed in a glass jar, pouring a glass of unrefined vegetable oil. Infuse the product in the refrigerator for at least a day. Then you need to drink one teaspoon of oil mixed with the same amount of lemon juice three times a day before meals. The duration of the course should be at least three months.
Hawthorn. This remedy strengthens blood vessels and relieves their spasm. 20 grams of hawthorn fruit should be poured with boiling water, 200 grams, and boiled for 5 minutes. Then the product is filtered and stored in the refrigerator, taking one tablespoon before meals. A similar composition can be prepared from hawthorn flowers, but 1 tablespoon is taken per glass of water. The duration of the course is 3 months.
Valerian. This plant is known for its calming properties, but it also relieves spasm and relaxes the muscles of blood vessels. To do this, boil 10 grams of dry valerian roots in 200 grams of boiling water in a water bath for 30 minutes. Then another 2 hours the broth must be insisted, well wrapped. After - strain and store in the refrigerator. It is recommended to take the remedy in a tablespoon 3-4 times a day.
It is also useful to drink herbal preparations, using for this motherwort, yarrow, cudweed, mistletoe, Ivan tea.
Hazel. Dry bark and hazel leaves are crushed. 20 grams of raw materials are poured with a glass of boiling water and infused for an hour, wrapped well. Ready infusion should be taken in a tablespoon 3-4 times a day.
To cleanse the vessels of toxins and plaques, other plants are used - birch buds, pharmaceutical chamomile flowers, yarrow, St. John's wort, immortelle. The ingredients are mixed in equal proportions, 100 grams each, then a tablespoon of the mixture is poured with two cups of boiling water and infused for half an hour. You need to take the infusion twice daily: in the morning, on an empty stomach, and in the evening. The course continues until the prepared mixture runs out. Such a course can be held every 2-3 years.

To expand blood vessels at home, in addition to proper nutrition, drug and alternative therapy, a number of additional recommendations should be followed, which primarily relate to lifestyle:

Healthy sleep. Getting enough sleep is essential for vascular health and well-being. At least 8-9 hours of sleep should be taken, depending on the need. With insomnia, you can use sedatives on a natural basis.
Massage. Perfectly stimulates the work of the vascular system general firming massage. With damage to the vessels of the brain, massage of the neck-collar zone is useful.
Cold and hot shower. A contrast shower, in which dousing with cold and hot water alternately, is the best charge for blood vessels. It forces them to expand and contract, improves their tone and elasticity. But it should not be carried out by elderly people without preparation. In such cases, you can use the dressed option: put two basins with hot and cold water next to them and lower them alternately for a few seconds.
Sauna, bath, hammam. Such procedures are associated with warming up the whole body, which causes the vessels to expand, relieves their spasm. Enhances the effect of massage, whether it is a soapy massage in the hammam or the use of brooms in the bath. The traditional sprinkling of snow after the bath is an excellent prevention of vascular diseases.
Walks. It is very important to take at least a half-hour walk in the fresh air every day, preferably in the park. This ensures the flow of fresh oxygen to all tissues, tones the blood vessels.

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General characteristics of vasodilators

Pathological changes in blood vessels are quite common diseases that affect different age groups. Vascular stenosis can occur in various organs of our body, which will adversely affect the performance of vital functions.

Blood vessels permeate almost all organs and tissues.

Blood flow:

Nutrients, oxygen, metabolic products are carried.
The "garbage" formed in the process of life is removed.

Consequently, the narrowing of the lumen of the vessels worsens all these processes.

For the treatment of vascular pathologies associated with a decrease in the lumen of vessels of various sizes and localizations, vasodilators, or vasodilators, are used. This is a very large group of drugs, the common characteristic of which is the expansion of blood vessels in various parts of the human body.

It is a mistake to assume that any of their drugs that dilate blood vessels equally affect all available in the body. After all, there are small, medium and large vessels, each of which performs a specific function. Consequently, the medicine for each group of vessels will be specific.

The classification is based on several principles. The first of these is the mechanism of action of the drug. This criterion will be uninformative for the patient, but is important for specialists.

The second classification is called ATC (anatomical-therapeutic-chemical).

When distributing drugs into different groups, the following criteria are taken into account:

main active ingredient. Thanks to this indicator, you can find out the mechanism of action of the drug on the body;
a list of diseases for which the use of this remedy is indicated;
specific organs on which the drug acts.

Such information about a vasodilating drug will be useful to the patient. However, it should be remembered that it is absolutely impossible to take drugs that have a vasodilating effect on your own.

The specialist sometimes prescribes completely different drugs for the same pathological conditions. It all depends on the individual characteristics of the patient, the presence of concomitant pathologies of other organs and systems, the condition of the vessels in the affected area, and many other factors.

Alarm signal - see a doctor immediately

The initial symptoms of vascular disorders are not specific and often pass without proper attention from the patient. Discomfort states are attributed to overwork, meteorological dependence, stress and other domestic causes. However, ignoring such manifestations can lead to serious consequences.

What you should pay attention to when contacting a specialist for advice as soon as possible:

increased fatigue, even with minor loads;
a state of general weakness, accompanied by bouts of dizziness;
frequent headaches of varying intensity and localization;
depression of cognitive functions - poor perception and memorization of information, decreased concentration of attention;
partial loss of sensation in the limbs, deterioration in coordination of movements (the presence of a "drunk" gait);

sudden changes in blood pressure;
feeling of "lack of sleep" during the day and night insomnia;
being in a kind of "prostration", the so-called pre-fainting state;
decrease in the ability to fully work (this applies not only to physical, but also mental labor).

Anyone can come across a list of reasons that can cause such manifestations. These are frequent stresses, moral and psychological overstrain, chronic fatigue syndrome, addictions, depressive states leading to the development of neuroses. Also, other pathologies of organs and systems can act as a provocative factor: cardiovascular diseases, osteochondrosis of various localization, atherosclerotic phenomena, and many others.

How to treat and how to treat vascular stenosis, only a neurologist can say after a whole range of diagnostic measures.

Preparations for cerebral vessels

Vasodilator drugs for the brain have some peculiarities in the mechanism of action. But experts consider their main drawback to be the effect on other groups of blood vessels, which very often leads to an excessive decrease in blood pressure. It is this fact that makes it impossible to use them for people prone to hypotension. The effect may be exactly the opposite of what is expected. Therefore, the choice of a drug that expands the vessels of the brain is carried out purely individually.

New generation vasodilators are the most commonly used drugs:

Piracetam increases the rate of glucose excretion, which helps to normalize the blood circulation of the cerebral vessels, relieve headaches with dizziness. Available in various pharmaceutical forms: tablets, syrup, as well as solutions for injection and infusion.
Mexidol is produced in tablet form and in injections. It is used to normalize cerebral circulation, saturate brain cells with oxygen and nutrients, lower cholesterol concentration, promote vasodilation.
Actovegin effectively fights against vasoconstriction of the brain, increases the rate of glucose excretion, and contributes to the normalization of metabolic processes at the cellular level.

Vasodilators for the treatment of atherosclerotic manifestations improve the blood supply to the brain, and also positively affect the condition of the vascular venous and arterial walls.

The following drugs for vasodilation have a quick effect:

Papaverine is indicated for spasms of cerebral vessels, and also effectively fights similar manifestations in the smooth muscles of the peritoneum;
Cavinton - vasodilator tablets or injection solution. It is used for violations of cerebral circulation. It has a beneficial effect on the state of the vessels of the brain, expands their lumen and relieves spasm.
Angionorm is a representative of drugs that dilate the vessels of the brain and help increase physical endurance, stress resistance and normalize the psycho-emotional state.

Almost all vasodilators for the head have a hypotensive effect.

Drugs for the treatment of coronary artery stenosis

Stenosis of the coronary arteries characterizes the pathology of the cardiovascular system, especially coronary heart disease (CHD). It causes pain, tightness in the chest and many other unpleasant symptoms.

Among the drugs that have a vasodilating effect on the coronary vessels, there are:

Niroglycerin - "ambulance" in the relief of pain attacks, with the development of myocardial infarction. It improves myocardial function by increasing the number of contractions, prevents the return of venous blood, which reduces the oxygen demand of the heart muscle.
Atenolol is a drug for reducing the number of heartbeats. It is indicated for tachycardia, arrhythmias and high blood pressure. It relieves asthma attacks caused by increased myocardial oxygen demand, improves vascular conductivity and nutrition of the heart muscle.

However, both of these drugs have a number of contraindications, which makes it impossible to take them without first consulting a specialist to select the required dosage.

Prohibitions include the following:

hypotension for both drugs;
hemorrhage in the brain or disruption of the vessels of the brain - for Nitroglycerin;
shock conditions of a cardiogenic nature, sinus bradycardia (Atenolol);
pathology of the kidneys with the liver (Atenolol);
diabetes mellitus (Atenolol).

Adequate use of drugs in this group makes it possible to stop seizures and significantly improve the quality of life of the patient.

We treat peripheral arteries

Spasm of peripheral vessels, as a rule, is present in hypertension and high blood pressure, which is not yet hypertension, but can develop into this chronic dangerous disease.

Among the most effective and popular means are the following:

Nifedipine belongs to the group of calcium antagonists. The drug reduces the load on the heart, the total vascular resistance and, as a result, reduces pressure.
Enalapril is a drug for the treatment of hypertension, which is used for a long time and has a lasting effect on the state of blood vessels, relaxing them.

Such drugs are indicated for patients with hypertension, with heart failure, with coronary heart disease. Reception is carried out for a long time, most often for life.

For ease of use, it is available in the form of tablets with different amounts of the active ingredient.

Among the contraindications, individual intolerance to the components of drugs, a significant decrease in blood pressure, or the use of other drugs that are not combined with these drugs are noted.

During long-term therapy with drugs of this group, regular monitoring of blood pressure, blood tests for electrolytes and biochemistry are indicated. If you change any indicators, you should contact your doctor, you may need to adjust the dosage or replace the drug.

If the vessels of the legs are affected

With endocrine disorders (in particular, diabetes mellitus), vasculitis, varicose veins and other vascular pathologies of the extremities, peripheral vessels of various sizes suffer. In most cases - veins with arteries. Preparations for the legs have the properties to dilate blood vessels, reduce the muscle tone of the walls and relieve spasm.

Papaverine as an antispasmodic for the lower extremities has the following effect:

relieves spastic phenomena in the vessels and pain associated with them;
prevents the formation of trophic ulcers by affecting the vascular walls;
normalizes blood microcirculation of peripheral vessels of the extremities;
improves metabolic processes in tissues, preventing the processes of necrosis.

Papaverine is available in the form of tablets, as well as injectable solutions. If the treatment is inpatient, then the injection form is often used. In the future, with the continuation of treatment at home, a tablet course is prescribed.

Phentolamine is an adrenergic blocker with a vasodilating effect, it acts selectively on damaged receptors.

Among the indications for the use of this tool include:

ischemic pain in the legs;
endarteritis;
the formation of trophic ulcers;
the initial stages of the development of gangrene in atherosclerotic disease;
the presence of bedsores and frostbite areas of the skin of various localization.

The active substance of the drug improves trophism and activates blood supply in soft tissues throughout the body. Therefore, it is used not only as a specific remedy for combating the pathology of the vessels of the lower extremities, but also according to indications for spasms or circulatory disorders of various localization.

Herbal remedies

Modern medicine has long come to the conclusion that the use of medicinal herbs is a reasonable solution to some problems, including those associated with spasms of vessels of various localization.

Among the advantages of such drugs should be noted their safety, minimal side effects and a small number of contraindications. The disadvantages include not so fast results, the need for long-term use and the pathological condition in the initial stage. If the disease is advanced, progresses rapidly or is in an acute stage, treatment with phytochemicals alone will not bring results.

The most common and popular herbal preparations are products with vinca and ginkgo biloba alkaloids. Extracts of these plants help relieve spasm, saturate tissues with oxygen and nutrients, normalize cerebral circulation, and normalize metabolic processes.

Medicines based on periwinkle:

Cavinton.
Vinpocetine.
Telektol and others.

Ginkgo biloba is part of the following drugs:

Bilobil;
Tanakan;
Gingium and others.

But you should not take them without first consulting a specialist, even if your friends or relatives are delighted with the effect obtained. Even the safest herbal preparation has its contraindications and side effects. And only a doctor will be able to assess all the risks for the body in each case.

Health care is relevant at any age. And there is no need to naively think that vascular pathologies are the prerogative of advanced years. Spasms can occur even in young people or children. It's all the fault of the environment, excessive physical and mental stress, stress, bad habits and many other factors. Timely care of the vessels will make it possible to maintain efficiency, a clear mind and a solid memory for many years.

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Preparations for dilating the coronary arteries

Organic nitrates, nitric oxide donators, some adrenoblockers, and calcium ion channel blockers have the effect of expanding coronary vessels.

This drug is simply indispensable in the treatment of patients suffering from coronary heart disease (CHD). It is an organic nitrate that has the ability to relax the smooth muscles of the vascular walls. Moreover, it is the coronary arteries that are most susceptible to this effect.

In addition, Nitroglycerin has a number of other effects:

The main indication for drinking Nitroglycerin tablets is the need to relieve an attack of pain in angina pectoris. In addition, the drug can play the role of first aid in the development of myocardial infarction.

It is important to take into account the comorbidity of the patient in order to exclude contraindications, including:

hypotension;
violation of cerebral circulation;
intracerebral hemorrhage;
angle-closure glaucoma (with the open-angle form of this pathology, Nitroglycerin can be used).

The active substance Atenolol has a selective effect on β-adrenergic receptors of the coronary bed. It is a selective blocker that stimulates the expansion of the coronary arteries, and also has a number of other therapeutic effects, including:

Among the indications for the use of Atenolol: all clinical forms of angina, except for Prinzmetal's angina, hypertension and symptomatic arterial hypertension, neurocirculatory disorders with hypertensive complications.

Among the contraindications to taking this medication:

If the first drug we have considered (Nitroglycerin) is prescribed mainly for the relief of acute conditions accompanied by heart pain (cardialgia), then Atenolol is usually prescribed for long-term use during the complex therapy of cardiac patients.

Drugs for the expansion of peripheral arteries

The main goal of expanding the peripheral arterial bed is, as a rule, lowering blood pressure (BP). To implement this therapeutic effect, adrenoblockers, ganglion blockers, calcium blockers and potassium channel activators, as well as ACE inhibitors can be used.

Nifedipine

This medicine belongs to the calcium ion channel blockers. The main effect of its impact is the expansion of peripheral arteries. Consequently:

The list of indications for taking Nifedipine includes: hypertension, arterial hypertension, and chronic heart failure. Nifedipine is effective in high and very high blood pressure.

The list of contraindications to taking this medication includes: unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and hypotension.

Enalapril

This medicine belongs to the group of ACE inhibitors. In essence, Enalapril is a prodrug, because its active substance is activated by hydrolysis already in the human body, forming enalaprilat. This substance inhibits the activity of an enzyme that inhibits angiotensin-II. As a result, angiotensin-II is activated and realizes the hypotensive effect of enalapril.

The list of indications for the use of the drug includes all forms of arterial hypertension, congestive heart failure, and coronary artery disease.

Among the contraindications is increased individual sensitivity to the constituent components of the drug.

Blood pressure medications are usually available in the form of tablets. After all, they are prescribed to drink for a long time, in most cases - for life. Therefore, the convenience of using such medications plays an important role in successful treatment.

Drugs for dilating the peripheral vessels of the legs

Such drugs are prescribed for violations of peripheral blood flow. The latter, in turn, often develop in diabetes mellitus, systemic connective tissue diseases, vasculitis of various origins, etc. And most often the arteries and veins of the legs suffer. Antispasmodics, ganglion blockers, adrenoblockers, calcium channel blockers and other drugs can be used to expand the vessels of the legs.

Papaverine belongs to antispasmodics, has two main effects on blood vessels:

elimination of spasm;
expansion of the lumen of the bloodstream.

The combination of these effects ensures the normalization of blood flow in the periphery, provided that the main cause of the existing disorders is spasm.

Among the indications for taking this medication:

Among the contraindications are violations of the heart rhythm and conduction.

Papaverine can be used both in the form of tablets and in injection form. If the patient is being treated in a hospital, then, as a rule, Papaverine injections are preferred.

Phentolamine

This vasodilator drug belongs to adrenergic blockers with a selective effect on α-adrenergic receptors. That is, it blocks adrenergic stimulation, thereby eliminating vascular spasm. It has a combined effect, similar to the previous drug, while affecting mainly arterioles and precapillaries. The substance greatly contributes to the improvement of blood supply to soft tissues.

Among the indications for the use of Phentolamine:

Among the contraindications are severe cardiac diseases (in the stage of decompensation), as well as heart rhythm and conduction disturbances.

This vasodilator drug also has two forms of release - for oral and for parenteral administration. For the purpose of treatment, you can choose any of them.

Medications to dilate the blood vessels of the CNS

At the end of the article, we will analyze the clinical features of pharmacological agents for dilating the vessels of the central nervous system (that is, the brain, nose, inner ear and eyes). The relevance of cerebrovascular pathology of the brain, as well as other parts of the central nervous system, is beyond doubt.

The following alarming symptoms may indicate the need to expand the corresponding vessels:

Vasodilator drugs for the brain are calcium channel blockers, adrenoblockers, as well as special drugs to improve cerebral blood flow. Moreover, the latter are of the greatest value in clinical practice. Consider three popular representatives from this group of medicines.

Vinpocetine

The active substance of Vinpocetine inhibits the activity of the phosphodiesterase enzyme, thereby contributing to the intracellular accumulation of cAMP. As a result, two main effects are realized:

blood vessels that carry blood to the brain dilate;
the blood flowing in them is rarefied by reducing the tendency of platelets to aggregate.

Thus, it is possible to achieve optimization of cerebral blood flow.

Indications for taking Vinpocetine are as follows:

Among the relevant contraindications: stroke of hemorrhagic type, cardiac arrhythmias and conduction disturbances, as well as severe coronary artery disease.

There are Vinpocetine release forms for both oral and parenteral use. However, injections are more often prescribed for neurological patients. Another drug, Cavinton, has an action similar to Vinpocetine.

Cytoflavin

metabolic drug. The effectiveness of Cytoflavin is due to the complex effect of the components that make up the drug. The drug stimulates the processes of cellular respiration and energy production, improves the processes of oxygen utilization by tissues, restores the activity of enzymes that provide antioxidant action, activates intracellular protein synthesis, promotes the utilization of glucose and fatty acids.

Positively affects the parameters of the neurological status:

When administered intravenously, it helps to restore disturbed consciousness. It has a quick awakening effect in case of post-narcotic depression of consciousness. When using Cytoflavin in the first 12 hours from the onset of stroke, there is a favorable course of ischemic and necrotic processes in the affected area (decrease in focus), restoration of neurological status and a decrease in the level of disability in the long-term period.

The action of this drug is realized due to several active components. Their effects are: