The child developed a small rash on his body. The appearance of a rash on a child’s body: causes and possible actions. Varieties and their symptoms

Rash! With or without fever, small and large, itchy and not very itchy, “bubbles”; or “plaques” - it always frightens parents equally, because finding the cause of the “rashes” is sometimes difficult. Suddenly covered with red spots, the child himself resembles a living monster, and turns the parents’ life into a horror film. There is no need to be afraid, we need to be treated!

Chickenpox, or chicken pox

Pathogen: Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV).

Transfer method: airborne. It is transmitted from a sick person to a healthy person by talking, coughing, or sneezing.

Immunity to chickenpox: life. Produced either as a result of illness or after vaccination. In children whose mothers had chickenpox or were vaccinated against it, immunity to chickenpox is transmitted from the mother in utero and persists for the first 6-12 months of life.

Incubation period: from 10 to 23 days.

Contagious period: the entire period of the rash + 5 days after the last rash.

Manifestations: red dots appear simultaneously with the rise in temperature. However, sometimes the temperature may remain normal or rise slightly. The spots very quickly turn into single vesicles filled with a clear yellowish liquid. Soon they dry out and become crusty. A distinctive feature of chickenpox is a rash on the head under the hair and on the mucous membranes (in the mouth, on the eyelid, etc.). Very often this rash itches.

Treatment: chicken pox goes away on its own, so treatment can only be symptomatic: lower the temperature, treat the itchy rash with brilliant green (so that by scratching the blisters the child does not introduce additional infection), give an antihistamine to make it itchy less. You can swim if you have chickenpox! But at the same time, you should not rub the affected areas; instead, you need to gently blot them with a towel.

Important: It is also necessary to use brilliant green or other dyes (fukortsin, etc.) in order not to miss the next rash - after all, only old spots will be smeared. It is also easier to track the appearance of the last outbreak of the rash.

Herpes simplex

Pathogen: simple virus. There are two types: herpes simplex virus type I causes rashes in the mouth, type II - in the genital area and anus.

Transfer method: airborne and contact (kissing, shared household items, etc.).

Immunity: is not produced, the disease occurs with periodic exacerbations due to stress or other infections (ARVI, etc.).

Incubation period: 4-6 days.

Contagious period: rashes all the time.

Manifestations: Several days before the rash appears, itching and soreness of the skin may occur. Then a group of closely spaced bubbles will appear in this place. The temperature rises extremely rarely.

Treatment: special antiviral ointments, for example with acyclovir, etc.

Important: Use the ointment immediately after itching and pain occur, even before blisters appear. In this case, rashes may not occur at all.

Hand-foot-mouth syndrome

(from the English name Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease, HFMD), or enteroviral vesicular stomatitis with exanthema.

Pathogen: enteroviruses.

Transfer method: fecal-oral and airborne. The virus is transmitted from person to person through communication, conversation, and the use of common household items (dishes, toys, bed, etc.).

Immunity:

Incubation period: from 2 days to 3 weeks, on average about 7 days. Infectious period: from the onset of the disease.

Manifestations: first the temperature rises and stomatitis begins: rashes on the oral mucosa, pain when eating, excessive salivation. The temperature lasts 3-5 days, often accompanied by diarrhea, and in some cases a runny nose and cough. On the second or third day of illness, a rash appears in the form of single blisters or small spots. The name of the disease comes from the location of the rash: it is located on the hands, feet and around the mouth. The rash lasts 3-7 days, after which it disappears without a trace.

Treatment: There is no specific treatment; symptomatic drugs are used to reduce fever and relieve pain from stomatitis. The disease goes away on its own; complications are possible only if a bacterial or fungal infection occurs in the oral cavity.

It is not easy to make a diagnosis of enteroviral vesicular stomatitis, because... The rash does not appear immediately and is very often regarded as a manifestation of an allergy.

Important: Despite the active use of various painkillers in the treatment of stomatitis, the first few days it may be very painful for a child to eat. In such cases, it is good to use the most liquid food possible (milk, dairy products, milkshakes, baby food for babies, soups, etc.) and give it through a straw. Be sure to monitor the temperature of the food: it should not be too cold or too hot - only warm.

Roseola

(sudden exanthema, sixth disease)

Pathogen: Another representative of the glorious family of herpes viruses is herpes virus type 6.

Transfer method: airborne. The infection spreads through talking, socializing, sneezing, etc.

Immunity: after an illness - lifelong. Children under 4 months have immunity received in utero from their mother. Incubation period: 3-7 days.

Contagious period: all the time of illness.

Manifestations: a sudden rise in temperature and after 3-5 days its spontaneous decrease. Simultaneously with the normalization of the temperature, a pink, small- and medium-spotted rash appears. It is located mainly on the torso and, as a rule, does not cause itching. Goes away on its own after 5 days.

Treatment: only symptomatic therapy - drinking plenty of fluids, lowering the temperature, etc.

The herpes virus worsens due to stress or infections, such as ARVI.

The disease goes away on its own, there are practically no complications.

Roseola is often called pseudorubella, because. the skin manifestations of these diseases are very similar. A distinctive feature of roseola is the appearance of rashes after a drop in temperature.

Important: as in the case of enteroviral stomatitis, a rash that does not appear on the first day of illness is often regarded as allergic. Sometimes it is really difficult to distinguish them, but an allergic rash, as a rule, itches quite a lot, but with roseola there should be no itching.

Rubella

Pathogen: Rubella virus

Transfer method: airborne. The virus is transmitted through communication, coughing, and talking.

Immunity: life. It is produced either or after vaccination. For children whose mothers had rubella or were vaccinated against it, immunity to rubella is transmitted in utero and persists for the first 6-12 months of life.

Incubation period: from 11 to 24 days.

Contagious period: from the 7th day from infection until the rash completely disappears + another 4 days.

Manifestations: the temperature rises. A small, pale pink, non-itchy rash appears on the face, limbs, and torso, and at the same time the posterior cervical lymph nodes enlarge. The temperature lasts no more than 2-3 days, and the rash goes away on the 2-7th day from its onset.

Treatment: only symptomatic therapy: drinking plenty of fluids, lowering the temperature if necessary, etc. Children tolerate the disease easily, but adults often experience complications. Rubella is especially dangerous in the first trimester of pregnancy: the virus crosses the placenta and causes congenital rubella in the child, as a result of which the newborn may have deafness, cataracts, or. Therefore, everyone, especially girls, is strongly recommended to undergo vaccination against this disease.

Measles

Pathogen: measles virus (Polinosa morbillarum)

Transfer method: airborne. The unusually contagious and highly volatile measles virus can not only be transmitted through direct contact with a sick person, but also, for example, spread through ventilation pipes, infecting people in neighboring apartments.

Immunity: life. It is produced either after an illness or after vaccination. For children whose mothers had measles or were vaccinated against it, immunity to measles is transmitted in utero and persists for the first 6-12 months of life.

Incubation period: 9-21 days.

Contagious period: From the last two days of the incubation period until the 5th day of rash/

Manifestations: fever, cough, hoarseness, . On the 3-5th day of illness, bright, large, sometimes merging spots appear on the face, while the temperature remains. On the 2nd day, the rash appears on the torso, on the 3rd - on the limbs. Approximately on the fourth day from the moment of onset, the rashes begin to fade in the same order as they appeared.

Treatment: symptomatic therapy: drinking plenty of fluids, darkened room (since conjunctivitis is accompanied by photophobia), antipyretics. Children under 6 years of age are prescribed antibiotics to prevent bacterial infection. Thanks to vaccination, measles has now become a fairly rare disease.

Erytherma infectiosum, or fifth disease

Pathogen: parvovirus B19

Transfer method: airborne. Most often, the infection occurs in children in organized children's groups - nurseries, kindergartens and schools.

Immunity: after an illness - lifelong.

Incubation period: 6-14 days.

Contagious period: incubation period + entire period of illness.

Manifestations: it all starts like a normal ARVI. Within 7-10 days, the child feels some discomfort (sore throat, slight runny nose, headache), but as soon as he “gets better,” a red, confluent rash appears on the cheeks, most reminiscent of mark from a slap. At the same time or after a few days, rashes appear on the torso and limbs, which form “garlands” on the skin, but do not itch. The red color of the rash quickly changes to bluish-red. Over the next two to three weeks, the temperature remains low, and the rash appears and disappears, depending on physical activity, air temperature, contact with water, etc.

Treatment: There is no specific treatment, only symptomatic therapy. The disease goes away on its own, complications are extremely rare.

Scarlet fever

Pathogen: Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus.

Transfer method: airborne. The pathogen is transmitted by talking, coughing, and using common household items (dishes, toys, etc.).

Immunity: after an illness - lifelong.

Incubation period: 1-7 days.

Contagious period: the first few days of the disease.

Manifestations: the disease begins in the same way as a regular sore throat (sore throat, fever). Rashes characteristic of scarlet fever appear on the 1st-3rd day from the onset of the disease. The rash is small, bright pink, located mainly on the cheeks, groin and sides of the body and disappears after 3-7 days. The nasolabial triangle remains pale and free of rash - this is the hallmark of scarlet fever. After the rash disappears, the skin on the palms and soles begins to actively peel off.

Treatment: only broad-spectrum antibiotics. It is very important to start treatment as early as possible, because... can provoke the development of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatism, glomerulonephritis, autoimmune brain damage.

Sometimes the disease occurs in a mild form, without a pronounced increase in temperature, sore throat or rash. In such cases, parents only notice the sudden onset of peeling on the palms. If this happens, you should definitely consult a doctor.

Important: Since scarlet fever can provoke the development of serious autoimmune diseases, doctors recommend blood and urine tests for early diagnosis of possible complications. They are taken for the first time during illness, and then repeated two weeks after recovery. At the same time, it is recommended to do an electrocardiogram.

Educational program
The incubation period is the period when infection has already occurred, but the disease has not yet developed.
The infectious period is the time when a sick person can infect others.
It is customary to distinguish six “primary” diseases with rash: the first disease is measles, the second disease is scarlet fever, the third disease is rubella, the fourth disease is infectious mononucleosis, the fifth disease is erythema infectiosum, the sixth disease is childhood 04/24/2010 14:45:00, irra

How to figure out what kind of rash a child has? Below you will find photos with explanations of the main skin diseases in children.

Have you been caught more than once by surprise by diaper rashes or red dots on your baby's palms? Now you won’t have any questions about what kind of rash your child has.

Rash in children: photo with explanations

How to distinguish acne with chickenpox from a pustular rash, and atopic dermatitis from allergies - see the photo and read the explanations for them in our material.

Baby acne

Small white pimples typically appear on the cheeks and sometimes on the forehead, chin and even the back of a newborn. May be surrounded by reddish skin. Acne can appear from the first days to 4 weeks of age.

Erythema toxicum
The rash is characterized by small yellow or white bumps on a reddened area of the skin. It can appear anywhere on the child's body. The rash disappears on its own within two weeks and is often found in newborns, usually on the 2nd to 5th day of their life.

Erythema infectiosum (Fifth disease)
In the initial stage, there is fever, aches and cold symptoms, and in the following days bright pink spots appear on the cheeks and a red, itchy rash on the chest and feet.

Most often, this rash occurs in preschoolers and first-graders.

Folliculitis
Pimples or crusty pustules appear around the hair follicles. They are usually located on the neck, armpit or groin area. Rarely found in children under 2 years of age.

Rash on hands, feet and around mouth
They are characterized by fever, lack of appetite, sore throat, and painful blistering wounds in the mouth. The rash may appear on the feet, palms of the hands, and sometimes on the buttocks. At first, the rash appears as small, flat, red dots that may develop into bumps or blisters. Happens at any age, but is most common among preschoolers.

Hives
Raised, red patches of skin characterized by itching may appear and disappear on their own. Usually they appear from several hours to several days, but there are cases when they drag on for weeks or months. They can appear at any age. The cause of hives is an allergic reaction to some allergen.

Impetigo
Small red bumps that may itch. They often appear near the nose and mouth, but can spread to other areas of the body. Over time, the bumps become ulcers, which can break out and become covered with a soft yellow-brown crust. As a result, the child may develop a fever and swollen lymph nodes in the neck. Impetigo most often occurs in children aged 2 to 6 years.

Jaundice
The rash in children is characterized by a yellow tint to the skin. In dark-skinned children, jaundice can be identified by the whites of the eyes, palms or feet. It is most common in children in the first and second weeks of life, as well as in premature infants.

Measles
This illness begins with fever, runny nose, red watery eyes and cough. After a few days, small red dots with a white base appear on the inside of the cheeks, and then the rash appears on the face, spreading to the chest and back, arms and legs with feet. At the initial stage, the rash is flat, red, and gradually becomes lumpy and itchy. This continues for about 5 days, and then the rash turns brown, the skin dries out and begins to peel. Most common among children who have not been vaccinated against measles.

mile
Miles are small white or yellow bumps on the nose, chin and cheeks. Often found in newborns. Symptoms go away on their own within a few weeks.

Molluscum contagiosum
The rashes have a hemispherical shape. The color matches normal skin color or is slightly pinker, having a pinkish-orange tint with a pearlescent tip. In the middle of the hemisphere there is a depression somewhat reminiscent of a human navel.

Unusual for children under one year of age.

Papular urticaria
These are small, raised rashes on the skin that become thicker and reddish-brown over time. They occur at the site of old insect bites and are usually accompanied by severe itching. They can appear at any age.

Poison ivy or sumac
Initially, small patches or patches of swollen and itchy red patches appear on the skin. The manifestation occurs after 12-48 hours from the moment of contact with a poisonous plant, but there are cases of a rash appearing within a week after contact. Over time, the rash develops into a blister and crusts over. Sumac is not typical for children under one year old.

Rubella
As a rule, the first symptom is a sharp increase in temperature (39.4), which does not subside for the first 3-5 days. A pink rash then appears on the torso and neck, later spreading to the arms, legs and face. The baby may be fussy, vomit, or have symptoms of diarrhea. Most often occurs between the ages of 6 months and 3 years.

Ringworm
A rash in the form of one or several red rings, the size of a penny with denominations from 10 to 25 kopecks. The rings are usually dry and scaly at the edges and smooth in the center and can grow over time. It can also appear as dandruff or small bald spots on the scalp. Most common in ages 2 and older.

Measles rubella
A bright pink rash that appears first on the face, and then spreads to the entire body and lasts 2-3 days. Your child may have a fever, swollen lymph nodes behind the ears, a stuffy or runny nose, headache, and sore throat. Vaccination reduces the risk of contracting rubella measles.

Scabies
Red rashes that are accompanied by severe itching usually occur between the fingers, around the wrist, in the armpits and under the diaper, around the elbows. May also appear on the kneecap, palms, soles, scalp or face. The rash may cause the appearance of white or red mesh marks, as well as the appearance of small blisters on the skin areas near the rash. The itching is most intense after taking a hot bath or at night, preventing the child from sleeping. Can occur at any age.

Scarlet fever
The rash begins as hundreds of tiny red dots on the armpits, neck, chest and groin and quickly spreads throughout the body. The rash feels like sandpaper and may be itchy. It may also be accompanied by fever and redness of the throat. During the initial stage of infection, the tongue may have a white or yellowish coating, which later turns red. The roughness on the tongue increases and gives the impression of a rash. This condition is commonly called strawberry tongue. Your child's tonsils may become swollen and red. As the rash disappears, peeling of the skin occurs, especially in the groin area and on the arms. Scarlet fever rarely occurs in children under 2 years of age.

Warts
Small, grain-like bumps appear one at a time or in groups, usually on the arms, but can spread to the entire body. Warts are usually a similar shade to your skin tone, but may be slightly lighter or darker, with a black dot in the middle. Small, flat warts can appear all over the body, but in children they most often appear on the face.
There are also plantar warts.

Such defects disappear on their own, but this process can take from several months to several years. Warts are not common in children under 2 years of age.

Various infectious lesions often lead to similar problems. In order to avoid possible complications, you should consult a doctor. The location of the rash may vary. Any part of the body can fall into the zone of active rashes.

1.Rash in a child in the form of red dots most often provoked by allergic reactions. First of all, this is the diet, as well as clothing that fits the body. Often the rash is expressed by dotted oval or round spots. Its elevation above other parts of the body is not observed. The rash is only noticeable because of its color. The appearance of characteristic points occurs due to strong blood filling; they sometimes have edges and edges, and they can also be solid. The problem is divided into two main types:

roseola - the specificity of this species is considered to be small in size from 3-30 mm;
erythema - this subspecies is distinguished by its significant size, which starts from 3 cm.

They are most often located in the chest area and have a characteristic bright scarlet color.
2. Pimple-like rash- this is the main reaction to various internal or external environmental factors. They arise due to allergies, as well as infectious diseases. This problem has different types and forms. It can be represented by pustules that rise above the skin level and create a rounded void. Their sizes are quite large, about 1-1.5 mm in height. The main cause is considered to be an allergic reaction, accompanied by redness and itching. A similar rash in a child can also be associated with a hereditary factor. This disease is often transmitted from mother to child. Stress also often provokes a similar skin reaction.

Dermatologists divide pathology into 4 categories:

Dry rashes- the formation of such redness occurs in the winter season, most often they are formed due to compaction of the stratum corneum of the epidermis. Treatment is carried out with cosmetics that remove dead particles and moisturize the skin.
Watery - their appearance can be caused by various reasons (consumption of poor-quality nutrition, diathesis, use of bad cosmetics - creams, shampoos, foams, soaps). They are accompanied by severe itching. They are often symptoms of chickenpox, rubella, measles, scabies and dyshidrosis.
Ulcers - a similar rash in the form of acne in a child may initially look like small red dots, but after a few days changes begin to form. Regular spots fill with pus. This problem is often caused by streptococcal and staphylococcal infections. You need to undergo a clinical blood and urine test, and then consult a doctor. It is necessary to give up sweets so as not to create an active environment for the proliferation of pathogens.
Subcutaneous pimples - they arise due to blockage of the ducts with plugs that form from the sebaceous glands. Most often, this phenomenon goes away on its own, but if there are no changes, then it is still worth contacting a specialist.

3. Blistering rash- its manifestation can lead to a number of serious diseases.

Pemphigus - it can be fatal. Damage to the immune system begins to occur when the body fights healthy and strong cells.
Dermatitis herpetiformis is considered an autoimmune disease. This disease manifests itself in the form of blisters and blisters on the skin.

Similar types of infectious rashes in children can take two forms: they occupy about 50% of the child’s body or form on different parts of it. Often appear in a separate area and form only small itchy, round redness. Often occur due to systemic, skin or infectious diseases, as well as allergic reactions. After healing, the bubble will disappear and leave no traces. To begin therapy, it is necessary to identify the underlying cause and stage of the disease; for this, you must go to see a doctor.

4. Rash in the form of spots- represented by small redness of various colors. The color will depend on the pigment of the skin. If melanin is present, then, accordingly, the spots will be darker.

This type of skin rash in children is characteristic of such ailments as rubella, measles, scarlet fever, various diseases and skin tumors. The formation can be caused by various pathogens. This type of rash tends to merge into large spots. The lesion often worsens in the chest area. It should also be noted that pimples can appear due to contact, food and drug allergies.

Photos of the main elements of the rash

There are the following types of rashes in a child:

Characteristic location

Different types of skin rashes in children have their own locations. The rash can be located on almost any part of the body, causing itching, irritation and even severe pain.

a rash forms on the elbow and arms, wrists, forearms;
can form on the legs, more often on the inside, the main reason for this is an allergic reaction to food, but more serious cases also occur;
the rash affects the face, and the cheeks are considered the focal point;
The torso also undergoes this process; often rashes form in the chest area, and also in the scapular area.

Reasons

The types of rash can be different, and the factor behind their appearance can be the same or different, so you need to determine why it occurred. For a child’s body, such a phenomenon is considered normal, since it is a reaction to external factors. There are main reasons why various rashes may appear:

1. Allergic reaction is the most common factor and is most often caused by food, pollen, pet dander, cosmetics, clothing, medications and insect bites. It is necessary to treat types of allergic rashes in children under the supervision of a doctor, since an uncontrolled reaction can develop into Quincke's edema or anaphylactic shock.
2. Severe stress- there are cases when the baby becomes covered with significant spots due to intense experiences. After time, they disappear on their own.
3. Insect bites- Even if a child does not have any type of allergy, a mosquito bite can leave unpleasant spots that are very itchy. Parents need time to notice the wound and treat it correctly. This type of rash goes away on its own after some time. If uncharacteristic large spots are noticed on the baby after a bite, it means that there is an allergic reaction.
4. Mechanical damage- various types of rashes in a child without fever can form due to tight and tight clothing, and they go away on their own after a certain time.
5. Infectious diseases- small spots on the body may indicate infection with rubella, chickenpox, scarlet fever, measles and even meningitis.
6. Bleeding disorder- the baby's skin begins to become covered with small bruises and bruises.
7. Allergy to sun or cold- it is recommended to consider this category separately, since the mechanism of such a reaction differs significantly from the standard reaction to cats or citrus fruits. This ailment can be attributed to seasonal problems.

When to call a doctor

Sometimes there may be little time to determine the type of rash in children, since the child may have a high fever, so you need to call a doctor immediately. In addition, the main danger factors include severe shortness of breath, swelling of the tongue and face, incredible headache, drowsiness, loss of consciousness and vomiting. If the rash turns brown, maroon or black in color, its elements are located deep in the skin and do not turn pale when pressed, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible.

Viral infections

Photos of the types of rashes in children that are caused by viruses are different, and they can be considered further. Such pathologies include the following diseases.

1. Measles- it causes a small rash, initially crimson-red in the mouth, and then throughout the body. A phenomenon often observed is the merging of elements that create irregularly shaped foci of influence. She experiences a high fever. Very rarely, but still the disease can be quite severe and lead to death. In the absence of vaccination, measles is very easily transmitted from person to person.
2. Rubella manifests itself as pink-red small spotty rashes that initially form on the head and then spread throughout the baby’s body. There may be complaints of sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, nasal congestion, fever and chills.
3. Chickenpox- spreads, as a rule, from top to bottom, initially on the scalp, and then observed on the chest, back and other areas. It appears as bright red small spots, which later degenerate into bubbles, and then burst and gradually dry out, forming crusts. If the case is advanced and severe, scars may remain. Accompanied by slight itching.
4. Herpes- manifests itself in the form of grouped blistering rashes inside the mouth or on the lips, which linger for several weeks. It also happens that this virus penetrates the nuclei of nerve cells, and the rash becomes chronic.
5. Infectious mononucleosis - is expressed in the form of densely located light red or pink spots with a diameter of 6-15 mm, with this disease they most often become painful. And then the occipital and cervical lymph nodes also enlarge. A sore throat almost always occurs; sometimes severe weakness, migraine, cough and fatigue begin to bother you.
6. Enteroviruses- appear as bubbles and are distributed throughout the body.
7. Roseola- these are pink spots that do not begin to appear immediately, but after the temperature has normalized. This usually occurs on days 4-5. Children aged 6 months to 3 years are most often affected.

Bacterial infections

Photos of the types of rashes in children who have a similar infection are presented below.

1. Scarlet fever- manifests itself in the form of minor millet-like rashes, with increased coloring in the folds of the skin. Everything is accompanied by slight itching, and as the rash subsides, plastic peeling forms. The disease is characterized by a pronounced change in the pharynx, a crimson-red tongue and acute pain in the throat.
2. Meningococcal infection- quite quickly forms small “blots” of red and blue color that resemble stars. There is always a high temperature.
3. Fungal infections of the epidermis(trichophytosis, ringworm, dermatomycosis). A clear sign of its presence is a ring-shaped formation that itches. Dandruff begins to form on the hair, and patchy baldness is possible.
4. Streptoderma- at the moment of illness, large blisters begin to appear, containing purulent contents, often with a yellowish-brown dry crust.

Allergic reactions

There are various types of rashes in children on the hands and throughout the body, which are provoked by poor diet, natural ingredients or things, such diseases include the following ailments.

1. Hives- similar in appearance to nettle burns, manifests itself as protruding bright red or pale pink blisters that suddenly appear and also subside. They present with severe itching and may experience extensive swelling.
2.Atopic dermatitis(diathesis, childhood eczema, neurodermatitis) - this type of rash appears in children on the elbows, neck, face, and also occurs on the legs, under the knees. The epidermis turns red and begins to peel, sometimes weeping crusts are observed.

Other reasons

Very often, various rashes indicate problems in the functioning of internal organs. This:

vascular ailments;
changes in the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract;
renal failure.

Infant acne- the problem occurs in the first year of life in breastfed babies. It is a consequence of the activity of the sebaceous glands, and the cause is an increase in the level of maternal hormones.

Milia (whiteheads) - look like tiny “pearls” and form more often in infants. They pass by themselves, as they are of a physiological nature.

Erythema toxicum of the newborn- these are yellow blisters that can appear 2-5 days after birth. Typically, no action needs to be taken.

Scabies- expressed by pairs of dots, most often in the interdigital areas. There is severe itching, the source is mites that infect the skin.

Types of rashes in children under one year of age

In small children who are wrapped tightly or improperly bathed, heat rash can often be found. It appears as a scattering of small, non-itchy, red blisters that are concentrated in the natural folds of the skin.

Against the background of a tendency to allergies and immunodeficiency, diaper rash is formed, which is an area with a bright red, moist and swollen surface. Often located in the folds of the neck, buttocks and groin.

Often diaper rash turns into gluteal erythema - this is a concentration of bright red erosions and nodules.

Often, children's rash occurs due to an allergic factor; such ailments include urticaria and various dermatitis.

Toxic erythema, which forms in the first year of a child’s life, is considered completely harmless. This is a mixed rash consisting of papules and blisters. The rash will go away on its own within a few weeks.

Pemphigus of a newborn is a rather dangerous disease caused by staphylococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa or streptococci. After slight redness, bubbles with cloudy content begin to appear, which burst and form erosions. Often found on the thighs and around the navel.

Among the infectious diseases that cause a rash, one can distinguish congenital syphilis, the main symptom of which is considered to be syphilitic pemphigus. In this case, the rashes are presented in the form of dense blisters filled with a clear liquid, which becomes cloudy over time. Inflammations are very often present on the torso, face and almost always on the palms and soles.

Urgent Care

It is already known what types of rashes children have, now you need to figure out what to do in order to help your baby.

When, in addition to redness, the following symptoms are present, you should immediately call a doctor:

significant and sudden increase in temperature;
the child has difficulty breathing;
there is a hemorrhagic stellate rash;
rashes cover the entire body and cause significant itching;
loss of consciousness and vomiting begins.

Prevention

In order to protect your baby from infection, you need to vaccinate him on time. To avoid an allergic reaction, you need to introduce complementary foods correctly and not rush into new products. It is necessary to accustom your child to a healthy diet and harden it. This will help set up children's immunity in the right way and the child will not have such problems.

If a rash is noticed on your body, do not panic and call the doctor immediately. It is necessary to figure out whether the case is really critical or whether it is just a reaction caused by eating a chocolate bar or an insect bite. For bathing, it is better to use herbal decoctions, and buy clothes made of cotton fabric. Dyes also often cause reactions on the body.

When an epidemic of rubella or chickenpox begins in a kindergarten, it is recommended to leave the baby at home, since the disease spreads very quickly from contaminated sources.

In summer, it is necessary to ventilate the room, and then use a fumigator.

Children should not be allowed to squeeze pimples or pop them. This often provokes the spread of infection.

Every parent is required to know the types of rashes and the causes of rashes in children in order to provide timely help to the child.

If your baby has a fever, you should definitely call a doctor.

A red rash in a child is an alarming sign that manifests itself in a variety of diseases. Skin rashes can be accompanied by a variety of symptoms, including itching and fever. But what to do if a rash appears on the body without any additional manifestations? Where to look for the cause of such a condition?

Possible causes of skin rash

Any skin rash in children is a clear manifestation of problems in the body. A rash does not occur on its own; it always signals the start of some pathological process.

The cause of the rash may be one of the following conditions:

infectious diseases;
allergic reactions;
autoimmune processes;
pathology of the blood coagulation system;
inflammatory processes in the skin or beyond.

Infectious and various inflammatory diseases in children are usually accompanied by an increase in body temperature. Fever, chills, general weakness and other signs of intoxication are typical symptoms of an infectious process. Skin rashes appear simultaneously with fever or occur several days after the onset of the disease.

With the development of an allergic reaction, on the contrary, body temperature may remain within normal limits. Skin rashes occur against the background of relatively good health and are always accompanied by fairly severe itching. Itching is a typical companion to allergies of any origin. The severity of skin itching can vary, from very mild to very intense. Scratching on the skin in children also indicates itching.

Infectious diseases and allergies are the most common causes of skin rashes in children of any age. But what to do if the baby is covered with a rash that does not itch and does not disturb the general condition? The child does not experience any particular discomfort; the body temperature remains normal. What does the appearance of such a symptom indicate?

Autoimmune diseases

Skin rashes in children without fever and itching occur with systemic connective tissue diseases. With this pathology, the child’s body produces aggressive antibodies that work against its own cells. The disease can affect various organs and tissues, including the skin.

The exact causes of autoimmune pathology are not known. It is assumed that a hereditary factor may play a role in the development of the disease. The influence of various negative factors acting in utero is being studied. The role of poor ecology and drug use in the formation of autoimmune diseases cannot be ruled out.

There are many systemic diseases of connective tissue, and it is not possible to list them all. Most often, doctors and parents encounter the following conditions.

Scleroderma

With this pathology, plaques or elongated spots appear on the child’s skin, scattered throughout the body. Plaques can come in a variety of sizes. Significant thickening of the skin at the site of the lesion is very typical. Most often, the rashes are located on the skin of the face and limbs. There is no itching. Over time, areas of skin atrophy may form at the site of pathological foci. There is no increase in body temperature.

Contact your pediatrician if you notice any suspicious skin rashes.

Systemic lupus erythematosus

The rashes are localized on the face in the form of butterfly wings, as well as throughout the body. The predominant location of the lesions is open areas of the skin. The rashes are characterized by pronounced polymorphism. It can be a small red rash, large plaques or painful blisters. Simultaneous damage to blood vessels, large joints, heart and kidneys is very typical.

Systemic vasculitis

Vasculitis is a group of heterogeneous diseases associated with damage to the walls of small and large vessels. Such changes lead to the appearance of skin rashes in children. Itching is not typical. The general condition of the child usually does not change.

Hemorrhagic vasculitis is characterized by the following symptoms:

pinpoint rash mainly on the lower extremities;
the rashes merge with each other;
the rash worsens when the child is upright.

Other forms of vasculitis in children are much less common.

Pyoderma

Pimples on a child's body can be one of the manifestations of a skin infection. Pyoderma occurs in children of any age as a result of penetration of pathogenic microorganisms into the skin. Most often, the culprit of the disease is the opportunistic flora that lives on the skin of every person.

With pyoderma, a colorless rash appears on the skin in the form of blisters. Redness and swelling of the skin around the rash is typical. Purulent pimples ripen and burst, becoming covered with a yellowish-gray crust. After the process resolves, scars may remain on the skin. Itching is not typical. The rash can be very painful, especially in natural folds of the skin.

Pyoderma often occurs without an increase in body temperature. In young children, a purulent skin infection may be accompanied by a severe fever. In this case, you need to consult a doctor as soon as possible to prevent complications from developing.

If purulent blisters appear on the skin of a newborn, call an ambulance immediately!

Pathology of hemostasis

Hemorrhagic skin rashes, not accompanied by itching and fever, can occur with various disorders of the blood coagulation system. These may be congenital and acquired pathologies of hemostasis associated with a lack of certain blood factors. The small petechial rash does not itch and does not cause any concern to the child. Fever is not typical.

Disorders of the blood coagulation system are often accompanied by bleeding of varying intensity. Bleeding can be a consequence of injury or occur spontaneously for no apparent reason. Rapid bruising under the skin is typical.

Changes in the hemostatic system are a condition that can threaten the life of a child. Any hemorrhagic rash on the skin is a reason to see a doctor as soon as possible. The sooner the cause of the problem is found, the greater the chances a small patient has for a successful outcome of the disease.

Infectious diseases

Some infectious diseases in children are not accompanied by fever. A colorless, grouped rash with chickenpox may appear without fever. Rubella in children also does not always go away with severe fever. In such situations, it can be quite difficult to distinguish an infectious rash from other skin changes.

It should be noted that young children are more likely to develop a high body temperature in response to exposure to an infectious agent. Skin rashes without fever usually occur in adolescence. The atypical course of the disease may also be associated with the peculiarities of the child’s immune system response.

Dermatitis

Some skin diseases are accompanied by the appearance of a skin rash without any additional symptoms. The rashes can be very diverse, in the form of small spots, blisters, nodules or plaques, red, pink or colorless. Only a doctor can understand the causes of the disease and make the correct diagnosis after a complete examination of the patient.

Parents of young children often have to deal with seborrheic dermatitis. This pathology is characterized by the following symptoms:

rashes in the form of small spots;
The predominant localization of the rash is skin folds;
oily, sebaceous scales on the scalp;
very little or no itching;
body temperature is within normal limits.

Seborrheic dermatitis develops mainly in children under 3 months of age. By the age of one year, in most babies the disease disappears without a trace. When a bacterial infection occurs, pyoderma develops, which greatly complicates diagnosis and treatment.

Skin rashes in children of any age that are not accompanied by itching or fever are a worrying situation for any parent. Understanding the causes of the rash and solving the problem at home can be quite difficult. Only a qualified doctor can adequately assess the child’s condition. After examination and additional examination, the doctor will be able to make the correct diagnosis and give recommendations for further treatment.

Small, red rash in a child: photo with explanations.

Diseases begin to accompany a person from the first days of life.

You may not even be aware of the presence of many, but some are indicated by symptoms, among which an important place is given to rashes on the body.

The appearance of a rash on a child’s body due to various skin diseases

Often, people who find a rash on their body or their child’s body mistakenly believe that it is caused by an allergic reaction and buy antihistamines.

At this time, serious changes may occur in the body caused by the development of viral infections.

Rubella

This disease most often occurs in children living in metropolitan areas and large cities.

Rubella is transmitted by airborne droplets through contact with an infected person, and also passes from mother to child through the placenta during pregnancy.

Most often it occurs in children from 6 months to 10 years.

Rubella

For the first six months, a child’s body is protected by antibodies transmitted to it through mother’s milk, so rubella at this age is very rare.

In order to identify the presence of rubella in a child, first of all, you need to pay attention to his behavior.

The first signs of the disease:

lethargy;
drowsiness;
Bad mood;
overwork.

The temperature gradually rises, rashes appear on the face and head, and then they spread to other parts of the body.

The rash is round or oval in shape and does not exceed 3 millimeters in diameter.

The incubation period for rubella is about 14 to 23 days.

Scarlet fever rash

Scarlet fever is an acute infectious disease caused by a pathogenic microbe - streptococcus.

It is transmitted by airborne droplets through the upper respiratory tract.

In most cases, scarlet fever occurs in children between one and 12 years of age.

Scarlet fever rash

Typical symptoms of the disease:

a sharp jump in body temperature;
nausea;
vomit;
sore throat.

Associated symptoms may also appear:

headache;
weakness;
malaise.

The scarlet fever rash begins to spread to the face and neck, gradually moving to the torso and limbs of the child.

It consists of small reddish spots that become richer towards the lower abdomen, under the knees and on the elbow folds.

On the face, the rash is more pronounced in the cheek area - there it forms bright spots, along which white marks remain, gradually returning the color back.

The period of time from the moment of infection to the appearance of the first symptoms is from 2 to 7 days.

Measles

An acute viral disease of an infectious nature, the source of which is a person who himself has measles.

The greatest chance of becoming infected occurs between the ages of 2 and 5 years.

Measles

Measles does not begin with a rash, but with cold-like symptoms:

the temperature rises;
no appetite;
the child suffers from a dry cough;
and runny nose with purulent mucous discharge.

Somewhat later, conjunctivitis occurs, redness of the eyelids and swelling of the eyes.

After about 3 weeks, small rashes appear in the mouth, on the mucous membrane of the cheeks.

After a few more days, spots up to 10 mm can be seen on the face, behind the ears, on the neck, gradually moving to the body, arms and legs.

The rash covers the child's body within 4-5 days.

The latent period of the disease is from 10 days to 3 weeks.

Chicken pox - chickenpox

Chickenpox, as everyone is accustomed to calling it, is caused by the herpes virus.

It can be transmitted by airborne droplets, from sick people to healthy people who have not yet been ill.

This disease mainly affects children under 5 years of age.

It is transmitted from a sick person or objects with which an infected person has been in contact.

Young children are most susceptible to scabies, as they have weak, unstrengthened immunity.

It is quite simple to identify scabies in a child over 3 years of age: a single or merged rash with peeling and crusts, pronounced in the area of the buttocks, genitals, axillary folds and between the fingers.

All this is accompanied by itching and sleep disturbances.

In infants, the rash does not have clear localization boundaries - it can be seen on the hands, on the side of the fingers.

The hidden period ranges from several hours to 2 weeks, depending on the type and age of the tick.

Prickly heat

Miliaria is a skin irritation caused by excessive sweating and occurs mainly in newborns.

The reason for its appearance is the unfavorable influence of external factors: hot weather, and the child is warmly dressed, or is wearing tight diapers that do not fit, or clothes made of synthetic fabric.

In addition, many parents do not pay due attention to the hygiene of the baby, do not bathe him when necessary, and do not use specialized hygiene products.

There are three types of prickly heat:

crystalline - characterized by the presence of small watery bubbles on the child’s body, not exceeding 2 mm. in diameter;
red - blisters on the skin become inflamed, become red, cause discomfort and can worsen the baby’s condition;
deep - appears as flesh-colored bubbles, sometimes in the form of spots with reddish bases.

Rubella rashes begin on the face, gradually moving to the torso and limbs, and the temperature rises sharply.

An allergic rash appears immediately on all parts of the body, but the child’s condition does not change.

Rashes during measles, as well as during rubella, are accompanied by high fever.

A sick child develops weakness and headache, and his voice may become hoarse.

And only after 4-5 days do they appear.

It doesn’t take long to wait, the body reacts to it much faster.

Chickenpox should not be confused with allergic reactions - the rash during it resembles blisters with a reddish border, filled with a clear liquid.

One of the most unpleasant and dangerous diseases - meningococcal infection - differs from allergies in the presence of a rash with subcutaneous hemorrhage, and is accompanied by a serious condition of the child - fever, vomiting, severe headaches.

Another type of skin disease is which is confused with allergies by more than half of parents.

However, it can also be distinguished - scabies itch bothers you mainly at night.

It is at this time that the mites that cause the infection become most active.

The same allergy symptom accompanies the baby throughout the day.