The social service system for elderly citizens and disabled people in the Russian Federation is a multicomponent structure, which includes social institutions and their divisions (services) that provide services to older people. Currently, it is customary to distinguish such forms of social services as stationary, semi-stationary, non-stationary social services and urgent social assistance.
For many years, the system of social services for older citizens was represented only by stationary social service institutions. It included boarding houses for the elderly and disabled people of general type and partially psychoneurological boarding schools. Psychoneurological boarding schools accommodate both disabled people of working age with corresponding pathologies, as well as older people in need of specialized psychiatric or psychoneurological care. State statistical reporting on psychoneurological boarding schools (form No. 3-social security) does not provide for the allocation of the number of persons over working age in their contingent. According to various estimates and research results, it can be judged that among those living in such institutions, there are up to 40~50% of elderly people with mental disorders.
From the late 80s - early 90s. last century, when in the country, against the background of the progressive aging of the population, the socio-economic situation of a significant part of the citizens, including the elderly, sharply worsened, there was an urgent need for a transition from the previous social security system to a new one - social protection system.
The experience of foreign countries has demonstrated the legitimacy of using, in order to ensure the full social functioning of the aging population, a system of non-stationary social services that are close to the permanent location of social networks familiar to older people and effectively promote the activity and healthy longevity of the older generation.
A favorable foundation for the implementation of this approach is the UN Principles adopted in relation to older people - “Making fuller lives for older people” (1991), as well as the recommendations of the Madrid International Plan of Action on Aging (2002). The age above the working age (old age, old age) is beginning to be considered by the world community as the third age (after childhood and maturity), which has its own merits. Elderly people can productively adapt to a change in their social status, and society is obliged to create the necessary conditions for this.
According to social gerontologists, one of the main factors for the successful social adaptation of older people is the preservation of their need for social activity, in developing a course for positive old age.
In solving the problem of creating conditions for the realization of the personal potential of older Russians, an important role is given to the development of the infrastructure of non-stationary social service institutions, which, along with the provision of medical, social, psychological, economic and other assistance, should provide support for leisure and other feasible socially oriented activities of older citizens, promote educational and educational work in their environment.
The formation of structures providing urgent social assistance and serving elderly people at home was promptly begun. Gradually they transformed into independent institutions - social service centers. Initially, the centers were created as social services providing home-based services, but social practice put forward new tasks and suggested appropriate forms of work. Semi-stationary social services began to be provided by day care departments, temporary residence departments, social rehabilitation departments and other structural units opened at social service centers.
The complexity of social services, the use of technologies and approaches that are necessary for a particular elderly person and available in the existing social conditions, have become characteristic features of the emerging system of social services for older people. All new services and their structural units were created as close as possible (in organizational and territorial terms) to older people. Unlike previous inpatient services, which were under the jurisdiction of regional social protection authorities, social service centers have both regional and municipal affiliation.
At the same time, the system of inpatient social services underwent transformations: the tasks of providing medical care and care were supplemented with the functions of preserving the social inclusion of older people, their active, active lifestyle; gerontological (gerontopsychiatric) centers and boarding houses of mercy for the elderly and disabled people in need of high-level social and medical services and palliative care began to be created.
Through the efforts of local communities, as well as enterprises, organizations and individuals, small-capacity stationary social institutions are created - mini-boarding schools (mini-boarding houses), in which up to 50 elderly citizens from among local residents or former employees of this organization live. Some of these institutions operate in a semi-stationary mode - they accept elderly people mainly for the winter period, and in the warm season the residents return home to their garden plots.
In the 1990s. In the system of social protection of the population, sanatorium-resort-type institutions appeared - social health (social rehabilitation) centers, which were created primarily for economic reasons (sanatorium-resort vouchers and travel to the place of treatment are quite expensive). These institutions accept elderly citizens referred by social protection authorities for social and medical services, the courses of which are designed for
24-30 days. In a number of regions, such forms of work as “sanatorium at home” and “outpatient sanatorium” are carried out, which provide for the provision of medicinal treatment, necessary procedures, delivery of food to the elderly, veterans and disabled people at their place of residence, or the provision of these services in a clinic or in social service center.
Currently, the social protection system also has special homes for single elderly citizens, social canteens, social shops, social pharmacies and “Social Taxi” services.
Stationary social service institutions for the elderly and disabled. The network of inpatient social service institutions in Russia is represented by over 1,400 institutions, the vast majority of which (1,222) serve elderly citizens, including 685 boarding homes for the elderly and disabled (general), including 40 special institutions for the elderly and disabled who have returned from places of serving sentences; 442 psychoneurological boarding schools; 71 boarding houses of mercy for the elderly and disabled; 24 gerontological (gerontopsychiatric) centers.
Over ten years (since 2000), the number of inpatient social service institutions for the elderly and disabled has increased 1.3 times.
In general, among elderly people living in inpatient social service institutions there are more women (50.8%) than men. Noticeably more women live in gerontological centers (57.2%) and in charity homes (66.5%). In psychoneurological boarding schools, the proportion of women (40.7%) is significantly less. Apparently, women cope with social and everyday problems relatively easier against the backdrop of serious deterioration in health in old age and retain the ability to self-care longer.
A third of residents (33.9%) are on permanent bed rest in inpatient social service institutions. Since the life expectancy of older people in such institutions exceeds the average for this age category, many of them remain in a similar condition for several years, which worsens their quality of life and poses difficult challenges for the staff of boarding homes.
Currently, the law enshrines the right of every elderly person in need of constant care to receive inpatient social services. At the same time, there are no standards for the creation of boarding houses in certain areas. Institutions are located quite unevenly throughout the country and individual constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
The dynamics of development of both the network of stationary social service institutions and their main types did not allow us to fully satisfy the needs of older citizens for stationary social services, or to eliminate the waiting list for placement in boarding homes, which in general has almost doubled over 10 years.
Thus, despite the increase in the number of inpatient social service institutions and the number of residents living in them, the scale of the need for relevant services is growing at a faster pace and the volume of unmet demand has increased.
As positive aspects of the dynamics of development of stationary social service institutions, one should indicate the improvement of living conditions in them by reducing the average number of inhabitants and increasing the area of bedrooms per bed almost to sanitary standards. There has been a tendency to disaggregate existing inpatient social service institutions and improve the comfort of living in them. The noted dynamics are largely due to the expansion of the network of low-capacity boarding houses.
Over the past decade, specialized social service institutions have developed - gerontological centers and boarding houses of mercy for the elderly and disabled. They develop and test technologies and methods that correspond to the modern level of providing social services to the elderly and disabled. However, the pace of development of such institutions does not fully meet objective social needs.
In most regions of the country there are practically no gerontological centers, which is mainly due to existing contradictions in the legal and methodological support for the activities of these institutions. Until 2003, the Russian Ministry of Labor recognized only institutions with permanent residence facilities as gerontological centers. At the same time, the Federal Law “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation” (Article 17) does not include gerontological centers in the range of inpatient social service institutions (subclause 12, clause 1) and distinguishes them as an independent type of social service (subclause 13 item 1). In reality, various gerontological centers with differentiated types and forms of social services exist and operate successfully.
For example, Krasnoyarsk regional gerontological center “Uyut”, created on the basis of a sanatorium-preventorium, it provides rehabilitation and health-improving services to veterans using a form of semi-stationary service.
A similar approach is practiced along with scientific, organizational and methodological activities and Novosibirsk Regional Gerontological Center.
The functions of charity houses have largely been taken over by Gerontological Center “Ekaterinodar”(Krasnodar) and gerontological center in Surgut Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug.
Practice shows that gerontological centers to a greater extent perform the tasks of care, provision of medical services and palliative care, more likely to be characteristic of compassionate homes. In the current situation, people on bed rest and in need of constant care make up almost half of all residents in gerontological centers, and over 30% in boarding homes specially designed to serve such a contingent.
Some gerontological centers, for example Gerontological Center “Peredelkino”(Moscow), Gerontological Center “Cherry”(Smolensk region), Gerontological Center “Sputnik”(Kurgan region), perform a number of functions that are not fully implemented by medical institutions, thereby satisfying the existing needs of older people for medical care. However, at the same time, the own functions and tasks of gerontological centers for which they are created may fade into the background.
Analysis of the activities of gerontological centers allows us to conclude that scientifically applied and methodological orientation should prevail in it. Such institutions are designed to contribute to the formation and implementation of scientifically based regional social policies regarding older people and people with disabilities. There is no need to open many gerontological centers. It is enough to have one such institution, under the jurisdiction of the regional social protection body, in each subject of the Russian Federation. The provision of routine social services, including care, should be provided by specially designated general boarding houses, psychoneurological boarding schools and houses of mercy.
So far, without serious methodological support from the federal center, the heads of territorial bodies of social protection of the population are in no hurry to create specialized institutions, preferring, if necessary, to open gerontological (usually gerontopsychiatric) departments and mercy departments in already existing inpatient social service institutions.
Non-stationary and semi-stationary forms of social services for the elderly and disabled. The vast majority of older people and disabled people prefer and receive social services in the forms of non-stationary (home-based) and semi-stationary social services, as well as urgent social assistance. The number of elderly people served outside of inpatient institutions is over 13 million people (about 45% of the country’s total elderly population). The number of older citizens living at home and receiving various types of services from social-gerontological services exceeds the number of elderly residents of inpatient social service institutions by almost 90 times.
The main type of non-stationary social protection services in the municipal sector are social service centers, implementing non-stationary, semi-stationary forms of social services for elderly and disabled citizens and urgent social assistance.
From 1995 to the present, the number of social service centers has increased almost 20 times. In modern conditions, there is a relatively low growth rate of the network of social service centers (less than 5% per year). The main reason is that municipalities lack the necessary financial resources and material resources. To a certain extent, for the same reason, existing social service centers began to be transformed into comprehensive social service centers for the population, providing a range of social services to all categories of low-income and socially vulnerable citizens.
In itself, the quantitative reduction in the network of social service centers is not necessarily an alarming phenomenon. Perhaps the institutions were opened without proper justification, and the population of the respective regions does not need their services. Perhaps the absence of centers or a reduction in their number when there is a need for their services is due to subjective reasons (the use of a social service model that differs from the generally accepted one, or the lack of necessary financial resources).
There are no calculations of the population’s need for the services of social service centers, there are only guidelines: each municipality must have at least one social service center for elderly and disabled citizens (or a comprehensive social service center for the population).
Accelerating the development of centers is possible only with high interest from government agencies and appropriate financial support from municipalities, which today seems unrealistic. But it is possible to change the guidelines when determining the need for social service centers from the municipality to the number of elderly people and disabled people in need of social services.
Home-based form of social service. This form, preferred by older people, is most effective in terms of the “resources-results” ratio. Home-based social services for the elderly and disabled are implemented through social service departments at home And specialized departments of social and medical care at home, which are most often structural divisions of social service centers. Where there are no such centers, departments operate as part of social protection authorities and, less often, within the structure of stationary social service institutions.
Specialized departments of social and medical care at home are developing quite quickly, providing differentiated medical and other services. The share of persons served by these departments in the total number of people served by all departments of home care for the elderly and disabled since the 90s. last century increased more than 4 times.
Despite the significant development of the network of the branches in question, the number of elderly and disabled people registered and waiting their turn to be accepted for home-based services is declining slowly.
A serious problem of social services at home remains the organization of the provision of social and socio-medical services to elderly people living in rural areas, especially in remote and sparsely populated villages. In the country as a whole, the share of clients of social service departments in rural areas is less than half, of clients of social and medical service departments - a little more than a third. These indicators correspond to the settlement structure (ratio of urban and rural population) of the Russian Federation; there is even some excess in services provided to the rural population. At the same time, services to the rural population are difficult to organize; they are the most labor-intensive. Social service institutions in rural areas have to provide heavy work - digging up gardens, delivering fuel.
Against the backdrop of the widespread closure of rural medical institutions, the most alarming situation seems to be the organization of home-based social and medical services for elderly villagers. A number of traditionally agricultural territories (Republic of Adygea, Udmurt Republic, Belgorod, Volgograd, Kaluga, Kostroma, Lipetsk regions), although there are departments of social and medical services, do not provide rural residents with this type of service.
Semi-stationary form of social service. This form is presented in social service centers by day care departments, temporary residence departments and social rehabilitation departments. At the same time, not all social service centers have these structural units.
In the mid-90s. last century, the network developed at a rapid pace temporary residence departments, since, given the large waiting list for state inpatient social service institutions, there was an urgent need to find an alternative option.
Over the past five years, the growth rate in the number day care departments decreased noticeably.
Against the backdrop of a decline in the development of day care departments and temporary residence departments, the activities of social rehabilitation departments. Although their growth rate is not very high, the number of clients they serve is growing quite significantly (doubling over the last ten years).
The average capacity of the units under consideration practically did not change and amounted to an average of 27 places for the year for day care departments, 21 places for temporary residence departments, and 17 places for social rehabilitation departments.
Urgent social assistance. The most massive form of social support for the population in modern conditions is urgent social services. The corresponding departments operate mainly in the structure of social service centers; there are such divisions (services) in the social protection authorities. It is difficult to obtain accurate information about the organizational basis on which this type of assistance is provided; separate statistical data does not exist.
According to operational data (there are no official statistics) obtained from a number of regions, up to 93% of recipients of urgent social assistance are elderly and disabled.
Social and health centers. Every year, social and health centers occupy an increasingly prominent place in the structure of gerontological services. The base for them most often becomes former sanatoriums, rest homes, boarding houses and pioneer camps, which for various reasons repurpose the direction of their activities.
There are 60 social and health centers operating in the country.
The undisputed leaders in the development of a network of social health centers are the Krasnodar Territory (9), the Moscow Region (7) and the Republic of Tatarstan (4). In many regions such centers have not yet been created. Basically, such institutions are concentrated in the Southern (19), Central and Volga (14 each) federal districts. There is not a single social and health center in the Far Eastern Federal District.
Social assistance for elderly people without a fixed place of residence. According to operational data from the regions, up to 30% of elderly people are registered among persons without a fixed place of residence and occupation. In this regard, social assistance institutions for this population group also deal with gerontological problems to some extent.
Currently, there are over 100 institutions for persons without a fixed place of residence and occupation in the country with more than 6 thousand beds. The number of persons served by institutions of these types increases quite noticeably from year to year.
Social services provided to older people and people with disabilities in such institutions are complex in nature - it is not enough to simply provide care, social services, treatment and social and medical services. Sometimes elderly people and disabled people with severe psychoneurological pathology do not remember their name or place of origin. It is necessary to restore the social and often legal status of clients, many of whom have lost their documents, do not have permanent housing and therefore have nowhere to send them. Persons of retirement age, as a rule, are registered for permanent residence in boarding homes or psychoneurological boarding schools. Some older citizens of this group are capable of social rehabilitation, restore their work skills or acquire new skills. Such people are provided with assistance in obtaining housing and work.
Special houses for lonely elderly people. Lonely elderly people can be helped through system of special houses, the organizational and legal status of which remains controversial. In state statistical reporting, special houses are taken into account together with non-stationary and semi-permanent structures. Moreover, they are rather not institutions, but a type of housing in which only older people live under agreed conditions. Social services can be created at special houses and even branches (departments) of social service centers can be located.
The number of people living in special residential buildings, despite the unstable development of their network, is slowly but steadily growing.
Most special homes for single elderly citizens are low-capacity homes (less than 25 residents). Most of them are located in rural areas, only 193 special houses (26.8%) are located in urban areas.
Small special houses do not have social services, but their residents, like older citizens living in other types of houses, can receive services from social and socio-medical services at home.
Not all subjects of the Russian Federation have special houses yet. Their absence to some extent, although not in all regions, is compensated by the allocation social apartments, the number of which is over 4 thousand, more than 5 thousand people live in them. More than a third of people living in social apartments receive social and socio-medical services at home.
Other forms of social assistance for the elderly. The activities of the social service system for older citizens and disabled people, with certain reservations, include: providing elderly people with free food and essential goods at affordable prices.
Share social canteens in the total number of public catering establishments engaged in organizing free meals is 19.6%. They serve about half a million people.
In the social protection system, the network is successfully developing social stores and departments. Over 800 thousand people are attached to them, which is almost one third of the people served by all specialized stores and departments (sections).
Most social canteens and social shops are part of the structure of social service centers or comprehensive social service centers for the population. The rest are managed by social protection authorities or social support funds for the population.
Statistical indicators of the activities of these structures are characterized by significant scattering, and in some regions, the information presented is incorrect.
Despite the increase in the number of citizens living in inpatient institutions and receiving services at home, the need of older people for social services is increasing.
The development of the social service system for the population in all its diversity of organizational forms and types of services provided reflects the desire to meet the various needs of older citizens and disabled people in need of care. The full satisfaction of justified social needs is hampered, first of all, by the lack of resources in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and municipalities. In addition, a number of subjective reasons should be indicated (methodological and organizational inadequacy of some types of social services, lack of a consistent ideology, a unified approach to the implementation of social services).
- Tomilin M.A. The place and role of social services in modern conditions as one of the most important components of social protection of the population // Social services of the population. 2010. No. 12.S. 8-9.
2.1 Organization and methods of work of the Social Service Center
Social work is an activity carried out by a professionally trained specialist to provide assistance to people in need who are unable to solve their life problems without outside help.
Social work with elderly disabled people consists of providing practical assistance to those who have a low financial level, suffer from various diseases, have disabilities, as well as creating conditions conducive to their physical survival and maintaining their social activity. Social work with such a contingent can be considered at two levels:
Macro level. Work at this level involves measures taken at the state level, its attitude towards elderly people with disabilities as part of society. These include: the formation of social policy taking into account the interests of older people with disabilities; development of federal programs; creation of a comprehensive system of social services for the elderly and disabled, including medical, psychological, advisory and other types of social assistance; training of specialists to work with older people and people with disabilities.
Micro level. This work is considered at the level of each elderly person, namely: whether he lives in a family or alone, health status, ability to self-care, age, environment, support, whether he uses social services and even the identity of the social worker who works directly with him .
To ensure a decent life for elderly people with disabilities, Social Service Centers have proven themselves very positively in the social protection system, helping single elderly citizens and people with disabilities adapt to difficult life situations.
Social and medical services at home are provided to disabled people who need permanent or temporary (up to 6 months) outside assistance due to partial or complete loss of the ability to self-care. The staff of this department includes nurses who provide patronage to disabled people at home and provide the following services: health monitoring, feeding weakened patients, sanitary and hygienic procedures (measuring body temperature, blood pressure, monitoring medication intake). Nurses carry out medical procedures in accordance with the prescription of the attending physician: subcutaneous and intramuscular administration of medications; application of compresses; dressings; treatment of bedsores and wound surfaces; collection of materials for laboratory research; provide assistance in the use of catheters and other medical devices. Medical workers teach relatives of disabled people practical skills in general patient care.
The main directions of social and medical services are maintaining and improving the quality of life of clients, reflecting not only the functional, physical and psychological state of a person’s health, but also his social activity, ability to self-care, material support and living conditions, as well as satisfaction with the feeling of his own physical and psychological well-being.
Medically oriented functions of OSMO:
Organization of medical care and patient care;
Providing medical and social assistance to the family;
Medical and social patronage of various population groups;
Providing medical and social assistance to chronically ill patients;
Organization of palliative care;
Prevention of recurrence of the underlying disease, disability, mortality (secondary and tertiary prevention);
Health and hygiene education;
Informing the client about his rights to medical and social assistance and the procedure for its provision, taking into account the specifics of the problems, etc.
The activities of a social worker in OSMO, aimed at eliminating problems associated with loneliness of older people and disabled people, depend on the specifics of the legislation and the institution that cooperates with needy categories of the population. Social services for elderly and elderly citizens at the regional level have been carried out since 01/01/2015 in accordance with Federal Law No. 442 “On Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation”, but the activities of local authorities and local legislation in this area are of primary and overwhelming importance. In order to implement Federal Law No. 442, the Moscow Government decided: to approve the Procedure for the provision of social services in Moscow from 01/01/2015. Local legislation duplicates the federal legislation in its basic principles, but adjusts it in accordance with the specifics and needs of the city of Moscow.
The priority functions of the organization of social assistance at home related to the loneliness of elderly disabled people are the provision of services such as: socio-pedagogical, socio-psychological, services in order to increase the communicative potential of recipients of social services.
Social and pedagogical services play a leading role in overcoming loneliness. Their tasks:
Gaining new knowledge that helps you respond flexibly to changes in life;
Creating opportunities for creative development and self-realization of experience and knowledge of elderly people with disabilities;
Realization of the need for communication.
The problem of older disabled people’s lack of opportunity to communicate with each other, to have hobbies, hobbies, and to organize their leisure time is also becoming increasingly relevant. The lack of such opportunities contributes to the development of a subjective state of loneliness.
Loneliness therapy is a set of actions, technological approaches and theories aimed at both preventing loneliness and eliminating its consequences. A social worker must be well versed in loneliness therapy methods in order to be able to choose the optimal model in each specific case that will contribute to practical results. Here we need to take into account the variety of factors leading to loneliness. Helping lonely people should be about changing the situation, not about the person's personality. The social worker is called upon to use methods that do not negatively affect a person’s loneliness.
In general, in the regions in the field of organizing social services for elderly people with disabilities, home and inpatient services are used; provision of social services to older people on the basis of the implementation of the principle of an individual approach; development of a network of new types of social service organizations, primarily gerontological centers, small-capacity homes, temporary residence homes, gerontopsychiatric centers, mobile social services; development of a range of additional paid services in the state and non-state social service sector; provision of social and medical services to older people, including on the basis of hospice-type institutions, including hospices at home; interaction with public associations, charitable organizations, families and volunteers in providing social services to older people and disabled people.
Legislation at the regional level takes into account that different people require different services. Different pensioners need a different set of social services, not all of which are provided free of charge for everyone. The most popular existing forms remain semi-stationary. There are about 4.5 thousand of them across the country - they are in almost every city, serving about 20 million people. Social services at home are no less in demand.
The experience of the regions in social technologies for elderly disabled people, aimed, among other things, at overcoming the problem of loneliness is interesting - the example of the Kurgan region: “Dispensary at home.” This technology involves carrying out a complex of restorative therapy, rehabilitation measures, organizing meals, providing healthy leisure time, and creating psychological comfort for elderly disabled people at home. At the “preventoriums at home”, activities are carried out to carry out doctor’s prescriptions for vitamin therapy, herbal medicine, general developmental physical exercises, aerotherapy, massage courses, monitoring the health status of citizens, etc.
Enrollment in a “preventorium at home” is carried out by order of the director of the Social Service Center on the basis of a personal application from a citizen. Services in the “preventorium at home” are provided for 2-3 weeks, the work of which involves nurses, social workers, a psychologist, a massage therapist, an exercise therapy instructor, a rehabilitation specialist for the disabled, etc.
In Moscow, at the State Budgetary Institution TCSO “Alekseevsky” in the “Maryina Roshcha” branch, the technology of social patronage is widespread. It is carried out in stages: informing citizens about the activities of the social service center; conducting a survey of socio-economic living conditions; registration of needy citizens with the center; providing assistance in solving their problems. Social patronage uses interdepartmental interaction.
Social services in the form of social services at home, in volumes determined by established standards, are provided:
free of charge - to recipients of social services on the terms provided for by Federal Law No. 442 of December 28, 2013 “On the basics of social services for citizens in the Russian Federation” and categories of citizens included in the additional list for Moscow, PP No. 827 of December 26, 2014 .
For a partial payment (50% of the tariff for a full payment) - in cases where recipients have an average per capita income in the amount of 150 to 250% inclusive of the subsistence minimum established in the city of Moscow for the main socio-demographic groups of the population;
for full payment - in cases where recipients have an average per capita income of over 250% of the subsistence level established in Moscow for the main socio-demographic groups of the population.
The priority functions of organizing home care are:
Providing social and domestic assistance and pre-medical medical care in home conditions to disabled people and elderly citizens, and other needy categories of the population;
Social, cultural, medical pre-medical care for citizens, organizing their nutrition and recreation, maintaining an active lifestyle;
Providing urgent one-time assistance to citizens in dire need of social support (clothing, food, psychological, legal, etc.);
Implementation of measures for social rehabilitation of disabled people;
Providing citizens in dire need, including people without a fixed place of residence, with hot meals in a charity canteen.
The main objectives of organizing home care: creating conditions for the maximum possible extension of citizens’ stay in their usual habitat and maintaining their social, psychological and physical status, providing sociocultural, socio-psychological, socio-medical services; carrying out preventive measures in order to improve the quality of life, maintain health, and adapt to the changed conditions of society.
Home assistance for elderly disabled people is aimed at eliminating a set of existing problems in relation to pensioners who are not inclined to seek help on their own or avoid it, not wanting to personally collect documents, etc.
The priority of the specialists’ work in this case is:
Psychological support;
Coordinating socialization;
Adaptive - development of adaptive abilities;
Wellness;
Prevention of deviant behavior;
Monitoring the condition of the pensioner, the conditions of their stay and safety in the family.
Thus, at the Center for Social Services, technologies for working with elderly disabled people at home are based on scientifically based data on the differentiation of social activity of certain categories of citizens.
Social activity is represented by the ability of recipients of social services to self-service, participate in work activities, engage in leisure activities, and the ability and desire to communicate. These priorities help overcome social and psychological isolation. The assistance of a social worker is especially necessary for elderly disabled people in the social and medical care department.
Mechanisms and institutions for the formation and implementation of social policy. Regional aspect
To complete the thesis, legal acts, special literature, articles from periodicals, electronic libraries and Internet resources were used. Chapter 1. Theoretical and methodological foundations of social policy 1...
Organization of leisure time for older people in low-capacity inpatient institutions as a social problem
Organization of social services for elderly people at home
Elderly people, who have retained a partial ability for self-care and living in favorable housing conditions, are reluctant to move to government institutions, where they gradually lose ties with their usual environment...
Organization of social work with large families
Primary attention today is given to children in difficult life situations and in need of special care from the state. These are, first of all, children who find themselves in a socially dangerous situation, as well as children from low-income families...
Peculiarities of organizing the activities of children and adolescents in children's health camps (using the example of the Center for Social Services and the House of Children's Creativity)
During the summer holidays, authorities need to resolve many issues: - How to organize summer holidays in order to extract maximum benefits for children's health? -How to fill this time...
Peculiarities of organizing leisure time for elderly people
State Institution “Comprehensive Center for Social Services for the Population of the Krasnogvardeisky District” (located at the address: St. Petersburg, Novocherkassky Ave., 48) has an extensive network of departments...
Concept and types of social services
Social service organizations of the Sverdlovsk region are created and operate taking into account methodological recommendations for calculating the needs of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the development of a network of social service organizations and...
System of social service institutions: ways to improve the quality of activities using the example of the Social Service of Social Service of the administration of a municipal district (Krasnogvardeisky district, Belgorod region)
Daytime social services consist of social, medical and cultural services for citizens in need, organizing their meals, recreation...
Social work with a family in difficult life situations
A municipal budgetary institution, the Integrated Center for Social Services for the Population of the City of Chelyabinsk (hereinafter referred to as MBU KTsSON) carries out delegated state powers for social services for the population: - urgent social...
Social rehabilitation of children with musculoskeletal disorders
Social service
The municipal institution “Comprehensive Center for Social Services for the Population of the Frunzensky District of the City of Yaroslavl” was created in 1992...
Social services for lonely elderly people (in the conditions of the Center for Social Services in the city of Sukhoi Log)
Social work technology as a skill of a social work specialist
Population aging has now reached its highest level since 1959 and has become a phenomenon with multifaceted and contradictory influences on the course of social...
Technology of social work with older people
In accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, citizens of the Russian Federation have the right to social security, including pensions, in old age.
A pension is a cash benefit received by citizens from public consumption funds for old age, in case of loss of ability to work, for length of service, in the event of the loss of a breadwinner, which is the basis for calculating a pension. Payments are made monthly upon reaching retirement age.
In accordance with the law, pensions are divided into state and non-state. The law establishes labor and social pensions. In connection with labor and other socially useful activities, pensions are awarded: old age (age), disability, loss of a breadwinner, and long service. Citizens who for some reason do not have the right to a pension in connection with labor and other socially useful activities are provided with a social pension.
The pension is granted for life. Pension provision in accordance with current legislation is carried out by state social security authorities.
Men have the right to an old-age pension upon reaching 60 years of age with at least 25 years of work experience, and women upon reaching 55 years of age with at least 20 years of work experience. Certain categories of citizens are granted pensions on preferential terms (that is, with a lower age and length of service).
Pension legislation ensures the right of citizens to choose one of the types of state pension. An exception is established only for persons who have become disabled as a result of a military injury, who can simultaneously receive two types of state pension: old age (or service) and a disability pension.
In modern conditions, institutions of social services for pensioners and interdepartmental work on organizing social support for older people are becoming important. This is due to an increase in the proportion of older people in the population, a change in the social status of a person in old age, the cessation or limitation of work activity, the transformation of value guidelines, the very way of life and communication, as well as the emergence of various difficulties, both in social and everyday life, and in psychological adaptation to new conditions. All this dictates the need to develop and implement specific approaches, forms and methods of social work with pensioners and older people.
Social services for older people are carried out in accordance with the ethical principles of the International Labor Organization:
Personal dignity is the right to decent treatment, treatment, social assistance and support.
Freedom of choice - every elderly person has the right to choose between being kept at home and living in a shelter, temporary or permanent.
Coordination of assistance - assistance provided by various social bodies must be proactive, coordinated and consistent.
Individualization of assistance - assistance is provided, first of all, to the elderly citizen himself, taking into account his environment.
Eliminating the gap between sanitary and social care - given the priority nature of the health criterion, the level of financial assistance cannot depend on the standard of living and place of residence.
The scope of social services provided to older people includes: social, social, medical, psychological, pedagogical, social and legal services; material assistance and social adaptation and rehabilitation of older people.
At the initial stages of development of the social assistance system for older people, such urgent problems as the organization of nutrition, medical services, housing, and material support were solved in order to create standard living conditions for them.
At the present stage, the organization of assistance to older people, along with solving these traditional social problems, involves the development of social technologies, the introduction of which will help resolve issues related to psychological difficulties that arise in older people in the process of communication or from loneliness. It is also necessary to take into account how older people will perceive other age groups, what are the social problems of those who live to old age, their relationships with people around them, the role and status of older people in the family and society, and others.
As a rule, social assistance, rehabilitation, and correction programs are developed depending on the membership of a particular category of older people. This is also related to the use of various principles, methods, and techniques for working with clients.
The basic principles of working with older people are respect and interest in the client’s personality, emphasis on the need and usefulness of his experience and knowledge to the people around him. It is important to perceive an elderly person not only as an object, but also as a subject of social work. This should help find and develop their internal reserves that promote self-realization, self-support and self-defense. An important role is played by the professional competence of the social worker, which includes knowledge of the gerontological and psychological characteristics of age, taking into account the client’s belonging to a particular social group.
Assistance to the elderly is provided by social protection authorities through their departments, which identify and keep records, provide various types of social support, offer and provide paid services. Social services are provided by decision of social protection bodies in institutions subordinate to them or under agreements concluded by social protection bodies with social service institutions of other forms of ownership.
The following institutions also perform the function of social protection and assistance:
- - boarding houses;
- - day and night departments;
- - special homes for lonely elderly people;
- - hospitals and departments for chronic patients;
- - hospitals of various types;
- - territorial social service centers;
- - social assistance departments at home;
- - gerontological centers, etc.
The basic functional diagram of social services for the elderly can be presented as follows:
In the system of inpatient institutions of the Russian Federation, a relatively new element is special houses for the permanent residence of single elderly people and married couples who have retained full or partial ability for self-care in everyday life and need appropriate conditions for self-realization of basic life needs.
The approximate Regulations on a special house for such pensioners lists its functions:
- - providing favorable conditions for living and self-service;
- - provision of permanent social, domestic and medical assistance to living elderly citizens;
- - creating conditions for maintaining an active lifestyle, including feasible work activity.
Architectural and planning solutions for a special house must correspond to the age characteristics of the living population of citizens. Such a house consists of one - two-room apartments, includes a complex of social services: a medical office, a library and a room for club work, a dining room (buffet), points for ordering food products, handing over things to the laundry and dry cleaning, as well as premises for work and others.
The special house is equipped with small-scale mechanization equipment that facilitates the self-care of elderly citizens living in it. It should have a 24-hour control center, provided with internal communications with all residential premises and external telephone communications.
Medical care for citizens is provided by medical personnel of territorial treatment and preventive institutions.
Based on current legislation, citizens living in such houses are paid a full pension. They have the right to priority referral to inpatient institutions of social protection authorities.
The organization of special homes for single elderly people and elderly couples is one of the promising ways to solve a whole range of social problems of pensioners and senior citizens.
8.2. Social services for elderly and elderly people
Social service is a set of social services that are provided to elderly and senile citizens at home or in specialized state and municipal institutions. It includes social and domestic assistance, social and environmental influence and moral and psychological support.
The basic principles of activity in the field of social services for old people are as follows:
respect for human and civil rights;
provision of state guarantees;
ensuring equal opportunities in receiving social services and their accessibility for older people;
continuity of all types of social services;
orientation of social services to individual needs;
priority of measures for social adaptation of elderly citizens.
The state guarantees elderly and elderly people the opportunity to receive social services based on the principle of social justice, regardless of gender, race, nationality, language, origin, property and official status, place of residence, or attitude to religion.
By mid-1993, several models of social services had developed in the Russian Federation, which were legislated by the Law of the Russian Federation of August 2, 1995 “On social services for elderly citizens and the disabled.” According to this Law, the social service system is based on the use and development of all forms of ownership and consists of the state, municipal and non-state social service sectors.
Public sector social services consists of social service management bodies of the Russian Federation, social service bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as social service institutions that are federally owned and owned by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
Municipal social service sector includes social service management bodies and municipal institutions providing social services.
Municipal social service centers are the main form of the municipal sector, they are created by local governments in their subordinate territories and are under their jurisdiction. Municipal social service centers carry out organizational, practical and coordination activities to provide various types of social services.
The tasks of the municipal social service center includes identifying old people in need of social support; provision of various social services of a one-time or permanent nature; analysis of social services for elderly people; involvement of various state and non-state structures in resolving issues of providing social, medical, social, psychological and legal assistance to elderly and elderly people.
An analysis of the main activities of municipal social service centers indicates that this model of social service, focused on working with elderly and elderly people, has become most widespread and recognized and is the most typical.
Non-state social service sector unites social service institutions whose activities are based on forms of ownership that are not state and municipal, as well as persons engaged in private activities in the field of social services. This includes public associations, professional associations, charitable and religious organizations whose activities are related to social services for old people. Federal and territorial lists of state-guaranteed social services have been developed.
The federal list of state-guaranteed social services is basic, determined by the Government of the Russian Federation and revised annually; At the same time, a reduction in the volume of social services guaranteed by the state is not allowed. Based on the federal list of social services, a territorial list is established, also guaranteed by the state. This list is approved by the executive authority of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, taking into account the needs of the population living on the territory of this constituent entity of the Russian Federation.
The right to social services is available to women over 55 years of age and men over 60 years of age who need permanent or temporary assistance due to partial or complete loss of the ability to independently satisfy their life needs.
When receiving social services, elderly and old people have the right to:
respectful and humane attitude on the part of employees of social service institutions;
selection of an institution and form of social services in the manner established by the federal social protection body and social protection bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
information about your rights, obligations and conditions for the provision of social services;
consent to social services;
refusal of social services;
confidentiality of personal information;
protection of your rights and legitimate interests, including in court;
obtaining information about the types and forms of social services; indications for receiving social services and the terms of their payment and other conditions for the provision of social services.
Social services for old people include stationary, semi-stationary and non-stationary forms.
To stationary forms of social services These include boarding houses for labor veterans and disabled people, boarding houses for WWII veterans, boarding houses for certain professional categories of the elderly (artists, etc.), special houses for single and childless couples with a range of social and welfare services; specialized boarding houses for former prisoners who have reached old age.
Towards semi-stationary forms of social services include day and night departments; rehabilitation centers; medical and social departments.
Towards non-stationary forms of social services include social services at home; urgent social services; social advisory assistance; socio-psychological assistance.
Social services for old people can be permanent or temporary depending on their wishes. It can be completely free, partially paid or paid.
Inpatient social services is aimed at providing comprehensive social and domestic assistance to elderly and senile citizens who have partially or completely lost the ability to self-care and who, for health reasons, require constant care and supervision. This service includes measures to create the most appropriate living conditions for age and health status, rehabilitation measures of a medical, social and therapeutic-labor nature, provision of care and medical assistance, organization of recreation and leisure for elderly and elderly people.
Boarding houses for labor veterans (nursing homes) are not a product of our time. For the first time, special houses for old people appeared in ancient times in China and India, and then in Byzantium and Arab countries. Around 370 AD, Bishop Basil opened the first department for the elderly in the hospital of Caesarea Cappadia. In the 6th century, Pope Pelagius established the first home for the elderly in Rome. From that time on, special premises and rooms for the elderly poor began to be opened in all monasteries. Large asylums for old sailors were first opened in London in 1454 and in Venice in 1474. The first law on state responsibility for poor and infirm old people was passed in England in 1601.
In Rus', the first mentions of the creation of almshouses are found in the reign of Prince Vladimir in 996. During the years of Mongol enslavement, the church and Orthodox monasteries were the builders of premises for almshouses and old charity. In 1551, during the reign of Ivan the Terrible, an Appeal was adopted to the Stoglavy Cathedral, where in Chapter 73 “On Alms” the task was set as urgent measures to identify “elderly and lepers” in all cities, build almshouses for them, men’s and women’s, and keep them there. , providing food and clothing at the expense of the treasury.
During the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich, by his order, the Kondinsky Monastery was built 760 versts from Tobolsk specifically for the charity of the old, crippled, rootless and helpless.
Metropolitan Nikon at the same time opened 4 houses for the care of poor widows, orphans and the elderly in Novgorod. In 1722, Peter I issued an order to fill the vacant places in monasteries with retired soldiers. Service in the army in those days lasted more than 25 years and, it is clear that these retired soldiers were already elderly. With this order, the king pursued the goal of providing shelter and food for old and wounded officials who had no means of subsistence.
In the 30s of the 19th century, “houses of industriousness” were opened in Moscow, where the poor and old people lived. In the 60s of the same century, parish trustees were created, which were also involved in the construction of elderly shelters. Admission to these shelters was very strict - only lonely and frail old people. These same councils obliged relatives to take care of their parents in old age.
In 1892, there were 84 almshouses at Orthodox monasteries, of which 56 were at the expense of the state and monasteries, 28 - at the expense of individuals and societies.
In Soviet times, the stationary social service system was decisive in providing social assistance to old people. As a rule, old people who, due to their physical helplessness, were unable to maintain their usual way of life were admitted to boarding homes for the elderly and disabled. These boarding houses were practically hospitals for chronically ill and helpless old people. The main principle of organizing the activities of boarding homes was the provision of medical care; all work was based on the principle of hospital departments and was entrusted to medical personnel: doctor - nurse - nurse. The structure and activities of these social security institutions have remained without significant changes to this day.
At the beginning of 1994, there were 352 boarding houses for labor veterans in Russia; 37 - specialized boarding homes for old people who spent their entire adult lives in places of detention and remained in their old age without shelter, family, home, or loved ones.
Currently, 1061 inpatient social security institutions are open in the Russian Federation. The total number is 258,500 places, with a population of 234,450 people. Unfortunately, in our time there is not a single boarding house for the elderly that is fully supported by private individuals or any charitable societies.
Boarding houses for labor veterans are available everywhere, but most of them are in the Nizhny Novgorod region - 40; in Sverdlovskaya - 30. Until 1992, there was 1 paid boarding house in Moscow, accommodation in a single room cost 116 rubles per month, in a double room - 79 rubles. In 1992, the state was forced to take it over, leaving 30 paid places, but even these places there were no takers. In 1995, only 3 paid places were occupied. This fact especially clearly demonstrates the impoverishment of the residents of Moscow and all of Russia.
According to N.F. Dementieva and E.V. Ustinova, 38.8% of elderly people live in boarding houses for labor veterans; 56.9% - old age; 6.3% are long-livers. The overwhelming majority of very old people (63.2%) in inpatient institutions of the social security system is characteristic not only of Russia, but is observed in all countries.
The basic rule for applicants is that 75% of the pension goes to the Pension Fund, and 25% remains for the old people themselves. The cost of maintaining a boarding house is from 3.6 to 6 million rubles (excluding denomination).
Since 1954, all homes for the elderly and disabled had benefits, they could develop their own estates, have subsidiary farming in rural areas, and labor workshops. However, after social reforms were carried out, taxes were established even on these social service institutions, including road taxes. This led to the abandonment of labor workshops and subsidiary farms in many houses. Currently, boarding houses for labor veterans have only 3 protected items: food, employee salaries and partially medicines.
According to the Federal Law, in boarding houses for labor veterans, old people living have the right to:
providing them with living conditions that meet sanitary and hygienic requirements;
nursing, primary health care and dental care;
free specialized care, dental and prosthetic and orthopedic;
socio-medical rehabilitation and social adaptation;
voluntary participation in the medical and labor process, taking into account the state of health;
medical and social examination to establish or change the disability group;
free visits by their lawyer, notary, clergyman, relatives, representatives of legislative bodies and public associations;
provision of premises for religious ceremonies;
if necessary, referral for examination and treatment to state or municipal health care institutions.
If desired and necessary for work, residents of boarding houses for labor veterans can be hired for work available to them due to health reasons, under the terms of an employment contract. They have the right to annual paid leave of 30 calendar days.
Special residential buildings for old people is a completely new form of inpatient social service. It is intended for singles and married couples. These houses and their conditions are designed for old people who have retained full or partial ability for self-care in everyday life and who need to create easier conditions for the self-realization of their basic life needs.
The main goal of these social institutions is to provide favorable living conditions and self-service, provide social and medical assistance; creating conditions for an active lifestyle, including feasible work. The pensions of those living in these houses are paid in full, in addition, they receive a certain amount of additional payment. A prerequisite for admission to residence is for old people to transfer their home to the municipal housing stock of the city, region, etc. in which they live.
Specialized boarding homes for the elderly are intended for permanent residence of citizens who have partially or completely lost the ability to self-care and need constant outside care, from among those released from prison, especially dangerous repeat offenders and other persons for whom administrative supervision is established in accordance with current legislation. Elderly people who have previously been convicted or have been repeatedly brought to administrative responsibility for violating public order, engaged in vagrancy and begging, and sent from internal affairs agencies are also sent here. Old people living in boarding houses for labor veterans and constantly violating the rules of living in them established by the Regulations on Social Service Institutions may, at their request or by a court decision made on the basis of the provision of documents by the administration of these institutions, be transferred to specialized boarding houses.
Old people enter a nursing home for various reasons, but the main one, without a doubt, is helplessness or fear of impending physical helplessness. Almost all old people suffer from various somatic diseases that are chronic and usually no longer amenable to active therapy.
At the same time, these old people carry with them various moral, social and family losses, which ultimately become the reason for voluntary or forced abandonment of their usual way of life. An old person makes the decision to move to a nursing home as a result of difficulties in self-care. Fear of even greater physical weakness, impending blindness and deafness contribute to such a decision.
The composition of nursing homes is very heterogeneous. And this is understandable. In a certain (decreasing every year) part, old people come here who are able to take care of themselves and have sufficient physical health. In another case, entering a nursing home is a manifestation of the altruism of an old person, a desire to free younger family members from the burdens associated with guardianship and care for a helpless elderly family member. In the third, this is a consequence of unfulfilled relationships with children or other relatives. However, this is always the result of the inability of old people to adapt to new living conditions in the family and in the familiar home environment. These old people choose social assistance and social services as a new way of life.
And yet, in any case, it is not easy for an old person to radically change his previous lifestyle by settling in a nursing home. 2/3 of old people move here extremely reluctantly, yielding to the pressure of external circumstances. The organization of these social institutions essentially copies the organization of medical institutions, which often leads to an unwanted and painful fixation on the purely painful side of senile infirmity. The results of a sociological study conducted in 1993 in Moscow showed that the overwhelming majority of those surveyed - 92.3% - had an extremely negative attitude towards the prospect of a possible move to a nursing home, including those living in communal apartments. The number of people wishing to move to a nursing home has decreased especially noticeably after the creation of social service departments at home. Currently, in various regions and cities, this queue is no more than 10-15 people, mostly people of particularly advanced age, completely helpless and often alone.
88% of those in nursing homes suffer from various mental pathologies; 62.9% had limited physical activity; 61.3% are unable to even partially take care of themselves. 25% of residents die every year.
Serious concern, especially in the last 5 years, has been the unsatisfactory budget financing of boarding houses for labor veterans and disabled people. For this reason, many nursing homes cannot carry out major renovations of their buildings or purchase shoes, clothing, and technological equipment for elderly citizens. Currently, the pace of construction of special houses is sharply decreasing due to limited funds from local budgets. An equally pressing problem is the staffing of nursing homes.
Semi-stationary social services includes social, medical and cultural services for elderly and elderly people, organizing their meals, recreation, ensuring their participation in feasible work activities and maintaining an active lifestyle.
Semi-stationary social services are accepted for elderly and senile citizens who need it, who have retained the ability for self-care and active movement, and who do not have medical contraindications for enrollment in social services.
Day care department Designed to support the active lifestyle of older people. Old people are enrolled in these departments, regardless of their marital status, who retain the ability for self-care and active movement, on the basis of a personal application and a certificate from a medical institution about the absence of contraindications for admission to social services.
The length of stay in the department is usually a month. Visitors to the department can, with voluntary consent, participate in occupational therapy in specially equipped workshops. Work activities are carried out under the guidance of an occupational therapy instructor and under the supervision of a medical professional. Meals in the department can be free or for a fee; by decision of the management of the social service center and the local administration, certain services can be provided for a fee (massage, manual therapy, cosmetic procedures, etc.). These departments are created to serve at least 30 people.
Medical and social department is intended for those who experience serious difficulties in organizing their lives and running their own households, but for one reason or another do not want to live in nursing homes. Special departments and wards have been opened on the basis of healthcare institutions, where frail old-age pensioners living alone, who have lost mobility and the ability to self-care, are hospitalized primarily. In this case, a referral to a medical and social bed is given by social service centers in agreement with the local doctor. In recent years, the experience of organizing wards for routine treatment of old people, where all types of medical procedures are carried out, has become increasingly widespread.
In medical and social departments and wards, lonely, frail old people are on full social security for a long time, and their pensions, as a rule, are received by their loved ones and relatives, who often do not even visit the old people. In many regions, attempts are being made to at least partially reimburse the costs of maintaining elderly and senile people. This is done with the personal consent of the old people by order of the local authorities. These funds are used to purchase clothes and shoes, organize additional meals, and part of the funds goes to improve the wards and departments.
Medical and social departments have become widespread in rural areas. In winter, old people live here, and in spring they return to their homes.
Mercy Trains is a new form of service for old people living in remote, sparsely populated areas by teams that include doctors of various specialties and employees of social protection agencies. These mercy trains make stops at small stations and sidings, during which members of the team visit local residents, including the elderly, at home, provide them with all types of medical care, as well as financial assistance, give out medicines, food packages, and industrial kits. goods, etc.
Non-stationary forms of social services created to provide social assistance and services to older people who prefer to remain in their familiar home environment. Among non-stationary forms of social services, first place should be given to social services at home.
This form of social service was first organized in 1987 and immediately received wide acceptance from old people. Currently, this is one of the main types of social services, the main goal of which is to maximally prolong the stay of old people in their usual habitat, support their personal and social status, and protect their rights and legitimate interests.
Basic social services provided at home:
catering and home delivery of food;
assistance in purchasing medicines, food and industrial goods of prime necessity;
assistance in obtaining medical care, escort to medical institutions, clinics, hospitals;
assistance in organizing legal assistance and other legal forms of assistance;
assistance in maintaining living conditions in accordance with hygienic requirements;
assistance in organizing funeral services and burying lonely dead;
organization of various social services depending on living conditions in a city or village;
assistance in preparing documents, including for establishing guardianship and trusteeship;
placement in inpatient social service institutions.
In addition to home-based social services provided for by the federal or territorial lists of state-guaranteed social services, older people may be provided with additional services on a full or partial payment basis.
Social assistance departments at home are organized at municipal social service centers or local social welfare authorities. Social services at home can be provided permanently or temporarily for up to 6 months. The department is created to serve at least 60 people in rural areas and at least 120 people in the city.
Social services at home are provided free of charge:
for lonely old people;
for those living in families whose per capita income is below the minimum level established for the given region;
for old people who have relatives who live separately.
As studies have shown, of all types of services, the most significant for old people are:
care during illness - 83.9%;
grocery delivery - 80.9%;
drug delivery - 72.9%;
laundry services - 56.4%.
The list of services provided by social workers at home is regulated by special regulations, in particular the Order of the Ministry of Social Security of the RSFSR dated July 24, 1987. By the beginning of 1993, 8,000 social service departments at home were created in the Russian Federation, and the total number of persons served reached more than 700,000 people.
Additional services services provided by the department of social services at home:
health monitoring;
provision of emergency first aid;
performing medical procedures as prescribed by the attending physician;
provision of sanitary and hygienic services;
feeding weakened patients.
Procedure and conditions for enrollment for home-based social services: an application addressed to the head of the social protection agency; the application is reviewed within a week; An examination of the applicant’s living conditions is carried out. Based on the results of the examination, an act is drawn up, information is requested on the amount of the pension, a conclusion on the state of health and the absence of medical contraindications, a decision is made on enrollment for permanent or temporary service, and the types of services required.
Removal from social services is carried out on the basis of an order from the director of the social service center at the request of an old person, upon expiration of the service period, in case of violation of contractual terms of payment for services, identification of medical contraindications, malicious violations of the rules of behavior by old people served by social workers.
Social and medical care for old people at home is carried out in relation to people in need of home-based social services who suffer from mental disorders in remission, tuberculosis, with the exception of the active form, and severe somatic diseases, including cancer.
The staff of social and medical services includes medical workers whose professional activities are regulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation on protecting the health of citizens.
Social advisory services (assistance) for elderly and senile citizens is aimed at their adaptation in society, easing social tension, creating favorable relationships in the family, as well as ensuring interaction between the individual, family, society and the state. Social advisory assistance for elderly people is focused on their psychological support, increased efforts in solving their own problems and provides for:
identification of persons in need of social advisory assistance;
prevention of various kinds of socio-psychological deviations;
working with families in which old people live, organizing their leisure time;
advisory assistance in training, vocational guidance and employment;
ensuring coordination of the activities of government agencies and public associations to solve the problems of older citizens;
legal assistance within the competence of social service authorities;
other activities to form healthy relationships and create a favorable social environment for old people.
Submitting your good work to the knowledge base is easy. Use the form below
Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.
Posted on http://www.allbest.ru/
1. Social protection system for citizenselderlyand disabled people in the Russian Federation
Social protection includes a set of social services that are provided to elderly citizens and disabled people at home or in specialized state and municipal institutions.
Social protection of disabled people is a system of state-guaranteed economic, legal and social support measures that provide disabled people with conditions for overcoming, replacing (compensating) disabilities and aimed at creating equal opportunities for them to participate in society with other citizens.
The legislation of the Russian Federation on social protection of disabled people consists of the relevant provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, as well as laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
Social protection of elderly citizens is considered as “the activity of social services and individual specialists in social support, provision of social, social, medical, psychological, pedagogical, social and legal services, implementation of social adaptation and rehabilitation of citizens in difficult life situations.”
Social protection is part of the social security system of the population and is carried out through the system of social services.
Currently, the development of the social protection system is at the stage of developing a network of social institutions and testing social protection technologies, taking into account the specifics of various regions of the Russian Federation.
To form an effective social protection system, it is also necessary to create your own tools for understanding the surrounding reality and the person in need of social services. At the present stage, a consistent process of modeling territorial (departmental) social services and technologies of their activities is being carried out.
The social protection system of the population can act as a tool for correcting the work of self-organization and self-regulation mechanisms in society: one of the main tasks to satisfy the systemic need for adjusting the work of social mechanisms based on the principle of self-regulation and self-organization of “social organisms” is adjusting people’s behavior in accordance with their interests the “social organism” that includes them. The functions of solving these problems are borne by such institutions of society as the education and upbringing system, religion, family, etc. With the beginning of the formation and development of the social protection system, correction of the work of social mechanisms of self-organization and self-regulation became one of its most important tasks.
Social protection is provided through the social services system.
The concept of “social service” refers to the basic concepts in social services to the population and is defined as a system of state and non-state structures that carry out social work and include special institutions for the provision of social services and their management bodies.
The social service system includes state, municipal and non-state services.
The state social service includes institutions and enterprises of social protection, executive authorities of the Russian Federation and constituent entities of the Russian Federation, whose competence includes the organization and implementation of social protection.
The jurisdiction of federal government bodies in the field of social protection includes:
1) determination of state policy regarding persons with disabilities;
2) adoption of federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation on social protection of disabled people (including those regulating the procedure and conditions for providing disabled people with a single federal minimum of social protection measures); control over the implementation of the legislation of the Russian Federation on social protection of disabled people;
3) conclusion of international treaties (agreements) of the Russian Federation on issues of social protection of disabled people;
4) establishment of general principles of organization and implementation of medical and social examination and rehabilitation of disabled people;
5) defining criteria, establishing conditions for recognizing a person as disabled;
6) establishing standards for technical means of rehabilitation, means of communication and computer science, establishing norms and rules that ensure accessibility of the living environment for disabled people; determining appropriate certification requirements;
7) establishing a procedure for accreditation of organizations, regardless of organizational and legal forms and forms of ownership, carrying out activities in the field of rehabilitation of disabled people;
9) development and implementation of federal target programs in the field of social protection of disabled people, monitoring their implementation;
10) approval and financing of the federal list of rehabilitation measures, technical means of rehabilitation and services provided to a disabled person;
16) assistance in the work of all-Russian public associations of disabled people and providing them with assistance;
19) formation of federal budget indicators for expenditures on social protection of disabled people;
20) establishment of a unified system for registering disabled people in the Russian Federation, including disabled children, and organizing, on the basis of this system, statistical monitoring of the socio-economic situation of disabled people and their demographic composition.
The municipal social service includes institutions and enterprises for the social protection of the population operating on the territory of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as local government bodies, whose competence includes the organization and implementation of social protection.
State authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of social protection and social support for disabled people have the right:
1) participation in the implementation of state policy regarding people with disabilities in the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
2) adoption, in accordance with federal laws, of laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
3) participation in determining priorities in the implementation of social policy regarding people with disabilities in the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, taking into account the level of socio-economic development of these territories;
4) development, approval and implementation of regional programs in the field of social protection of disabled people in order to provide them with equal opportunities and social integration into society, as well as the right to monitor their implementation;
5) exchange with authorized federal executive authorities information on the social protection of disabled people and on the provision of social support to them;
6) providing additional measures of social support to people with disabilities from the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
7) promoting the employment of disabled people, including stimulating the creation of special jobs for their employment;
8) carrying out activities for training personnel in the field of social protection of disabled people;
9) financing scientific research, research and development work in the field of social protection of disabled people;
10) assistance to public associations of disabled people;
Non-state social service includes institutions and social protection enterprises created by charitable, public, religious and other non-governmental organizations and individuals.
For example, the All-Russian Society of Disabled People is a voluntary public organization of disabled people, operating on the basis of its own Charter, in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation and current legislation throughout the Russian Federation. VOI carries out its activities under the leadership of its elected bodies, regardless of political and public organizations, and is neutral in religious terms. VOI builds its work on the basis of the Program of the All-Russian Society of Disabled People.
VOI goals: protection of the rights and interests of people with disabilities in the Russian Federation; creating conditions for people with disabilities that provide equal opportunities for participation in all spheres of society with other citizens of the Russian Federation; integration of disabled people into society.
The tasks of the VOI are: to express and protect the legitimate interests and rights of people with disabilities in central and local government bodies and administration, using for these purposes the right of legislative initiative; participate in the formation of government and management bodies, the development of decisions made by them, in cases and in the manner provided for by law; to assist people with disabilities in the implementation of benefits and advantages established by law, in obtaining medical care, education, employment, improving their financial situation, housing and living conditions, and in fulfilling spiritual needs; to involve disabled people into members of the Society, to widely promote the activities of VOI, etc.
Thus, a client who finds himself in a difficult life situation can receive the following support based on his requests.
socially disabled citizen
Main directions of social protection of the population:
Providing material assistance to citizens in difficult life situations, in the form of cash, food, etc., as well as special vehicles, technical means for the rehabilitation of disabled people and people in need of care;
Social protection at home, which is carried out by providing social services to citizens in need of permanent or temporary non-stationary social services;
Social protection in inpatient institutions, carried out by providing social services to citizens who have partially or completely lost the ability to self-care and need constant outside care, and ensuring the creation of living conditions appropriate to their age and health status, carrying out medical, psychological, social activities, nutrition, care, as well as organization of feasible work activities, rest and leisure;
Providing temporary shelter in specialized social protection institutions for orphans, neglected minors, citizens in difficult life situations, citizens without a fixed place of residence, victims of mental or physical violence and other social service clients in need of temporary shelter;
Organization of day stay in social protection institutions with the provision of social, social, medical and other services to elderly citizens and disabled people who have retained the ability for self-care and active movement, as well as other persons, including minors, in difficult life situations;
Advisory assistance on social, social and medical support of life, psychological and pedagogical assistance, social and legal protection;
Rehabilitation services for persons with disabilities, juvenile offenders, and other citizens who find themselves in difficult life situations and in need of professional, psychological, and social rehabilitation.
In modern conditions, institutions for social protection of pensioners and interdepartmental work on organizing social support for older people are becoming important. This is due to an increase in the proportion of elderly citizens and disabled people in the population, changes in a person’s social status, cessation or restriction of work activity, transformation of value guidelines, the very way of life and communication, as well as the emergence of various difficulties, both in social and everyday life. in psychological adaptation to new conditions. All this dictates the need to develop and implement specific approaches, forms and methods of social work with pensioners and older people. Social protection of elderly citizens and people with disabilities is carried out in accordance with the ethical principles of the International Labor Organization:
Personal dignity is the right to decent treatment, treatment, social assistance and support.
Freedom of choice - every elderly person has the right to choose between being kept at home and living in a shelter, temporary or permanent.
Coordination of assistance - assistance provided by various social bodies must be proactive, coordinated and consistent.
Individualization of assistance - assistance is provided, first of all, to the elderly citizen himself, taking into account his environment.
Eliminating the gap between sanitary and social care - given the priority nature of the health criterion, the level of financial assistance cannot depend on the standard of living and place of residence.
At the initial stages of development of the system of social assistance to elderly citizens and the disabled, such urgent problems as the organization of nutrition, medical services, housing, and material support were solved in order to create normal living conditions for them.
At the present stage, organizing assistance to elderly citizens and the disabled, along with solving these traditional social problems, involves the development of social technologies, the introduction of which will help resolve issues related to psychological difficulties arising in the process of communication or from loneliness. It is also necessary to take into account other age groups, what are the social problems of those who live to old age, their relationships with people around them, the role and status of the elderly in the family and society, etc. It should be noted that there are different categories of elderly citizens and people with disabilities. Among them there are people:
Not in need of help
Partially disabled
In need of service
Requiring constant care, etc.
Assistance to elderly citizens and the disabled is provided by social protection authorities through their departments, which identify and maintain records, provide various types of social support, offer and provide paid services.
Social protection is carried out by decision of social protection bodies in institutions subordinate to them or under agreements concluded by social protection bodies with social protection institutions of other forms of ownership.
The following institutions also perform the function of social protection and assistance:
Boarding houses;
Day and night departments;
Special homes for single elderly people;
Hospitals and departments for chronically ill patients;
Hospitals of various types;
Territorial centers of social protection;
Social assistance departments at home;
Gerontological centers, etc.
The basic functional scheme of social protection of elderly citizens and disabled people can be presented as follows.
Social protection includes everything that an elderly and disabled person receives from public consumption funds in addition to their pension. In this case, the society bears in full or in part the costs associated with paying the cost of services provided to elderly and disabled citizens in need of certain types of social assistance. At the same time, in order to provide social protection, the specific needs that are characteristic of this particular category of citizens are satisfied.
The development of social protection for the elderly and disabled is given increasing importance in our country every year; it is considered as an extremely necessary addition to cash payments, which significantly increases the efficiency of the entire state social security system.
System (Greek: composed of parts, connected) is a set of objects that are in relationships and connections with each other and form a certain integrity, unity.
The social protection system covers, in particular, geriatric medical care, both inpatient and outpatient; maintenance and service in boarding homes, home assistance for those in need of outside care; prosthetic assistance, provision of transport means, employment of those wishing to continue passive labor activity and their professional retraining; organization of labor in specially created enterprises and workshops; housing and communal services; organization of leisure activities, etc.
At the same time, in the field of social protection, the possibility of exercising the right to receive it often depends on the decision of the competent authority, since a number of social services provided in this area are still among the scarce ones, not guaranteed to absolutely every old and disabled person. This is evidenced, in particular, by the excess of the number of people in need of services placed in boarding homes compared to the total number of places in these institutions; in social assistance at home and the capabilities of this service, etc.
Thus, the modern social protection system provides a fairly large range of services. Which in turn are guaranteed by the laws of the Russian Federation. In the technology of social protection of the population of the Russian Federation, three main areas of social protection of older people are distinguished:
Pension provision;
System of benefits and benefits for older people;
Social protection of older people in standard and non-standard conditions.
2. Forms of social services
Social services for elderly and disabled citizens include:
1) social services at home (including social and medical services);
2) semi-stationary social services in day (night) departments of social service institutions;
3) stationary social services in stationary social service institutions (boarding homes, boarding houses and other social service institutions, regardless of their name);
4) urgent social services;
5) social advisory assistance.
Elderly citizens and disabled people may be provided with living quarters in social housing stock.
Services provided at home to elderly citizens and disabled people who need outside help due to partial loss of self-care ability:
1) services for organizing catering, everyday life and leisure: purchase and home delivery of food products, hot lunches; assistance in cooking; purchase and home delivery of essential industrial goods; delivery of water, heating of stoves, assistance in providing fuel (for those living in residential premises without central heating and (or) water supply); handing over items for washing, dry cleaning, repairs and their return delivery; assistance in organizing repairs and cleaning of residential premises; assistance in paying for housing and utilities; assistance in organizing the provision of services by trade, public utilities, communications and other enterprises providing services to the population; providing assistance in writing letters; assistance in providing books, magazines, newspapers; assistance in visiting theaters, exhibitions and other cultural events;
2) socio-medical and sanitary-hygienic services: providing care taking into account the state of health; assistance in providing medical care; assistance in conducting medical and social examination; assistance in conducting rehabilitation; assistance in providing medicines and medical products according to the conclusion of doctors; providing psychological assistance; assistance in hospitalization, accompanying those in need to medical institutions; visits to inpatient healthcare facilities to provide moral and psychological support; assistance in obtaining vouchers for sanatorium and resort treatment, including preferential ones; assistance in obtaining dental and prosthetic and orthopedic care, as well as in providing technical means of care and rehabilitation;
4) assistance in employment;
5) legal services: assistance in preparing documents; assistance in obtaining benefits and advantages established by current legislation; providing assistance on pensions and other social benefits; assistance in obtaining legal assistance and other legal services;
6) assistance in organizing funeral services.
Social and medical services at home are provided for elderly citizens and people with disabilities who need home-based social services and suffer from mental disorders (in remission), tuberculosis (except for the active form), and serious diseases (including cancer) in late stages.
Semi-stationary social services. Services provided in semi-stationary conditions (day (night) departments created in municipal social service centers or under social protection authorities), including for persons without a fixed place of residence, include the following:
1) catering, everyday life and leisure services: provision of hot meals; provision of bedding and sleeping space in a special room that meets sanitary and hygienic requirements; provision of books, magazines, newspapers, board games and others;
2) social and medical services;
3) assistance in obtaining education and (or) profession for disabled people in accordance with their physical capabilities and mental abilities;
4) legal services;
Institutions (departments) of semi-stationary social services for elderly citizens and disabled people are:
Night stay house;
Social shelter;
Social hotel;
Center (department) for social adaptation;
Social rehabilitation department for elderly and disabled citizens;
Day care center (department) for elderly citizens and disabled people;
Center (department) for temporary residence of elderly citizens and disabled people;
Social canteen, department of trade services for low-income citizens, medical and industrial labor workshops, subsidiary farms at social service institutions for elderly and disabled citizens and others.
Inpatient social services. Services provided to elderly citizens and disabled people living in inpatient social service institutions:
1) material and household services:
Providing living space, premises for organizing rehabilitation activities, medical and labor activities, cultural and social services in a stationary social service institution;
Providing furniture for use in accordance with approved standards;
Assistance in organizing the provision of services by trade and communication enterprises;
Compensation for travel expenses for training, treatment, consultations;
2) services for organizing catering, everyday life, leisure:
Preparation and serving of food, including dietary nutrition;
Providing soft equipment (clothes, shoes, underwear and bedding) in accordance with approved standards;
Providing leisure time (books, magazines, newspapers, board games, excursions, etc.);
Providing assistance in writing letters;
Providing clothing, footwear and cash benefits upon discharge from the institution according to approved standards;
Ensuring the safety of personal belongings and valuables;
Creation of conditions for the performance of religious rites;
3) socio-medical and sanitary-hygienic services:
Free medical care;
Providing care based on health status;
Assistance in conducting medical and social examination;
Carrying out rehabilitation measures (medical, social), including for people with disabilities based on individual rehabilitation programs;
Providing primary health care and dental care;
Organization of medical examination;
Hospitalization of those in need in medical institutions, assistance in referrals for sanatorium-resort treatment based on doctors’ conclusions (including on preferential terms);
Providing psychological support, conducting psychocorrectional work;
Assistance in obtaining free dentures (with the exception of dentures made of precious metals and other expensive materials) and prosthetic and orthopedic care;
Providing technical means of care and rehabilitation;
Ensuring sanitary and hygienic requirements in residential premises and common areas;
4) organization of education for disabled people, taking into account their physical capabilities and mental abilities:
5) services related to social and labor rehabilitation;
6) legal services;
7) assistance in organizing funeral services.
Types of inpatient institutions (departments) of social services for elderly citizens and disabled people:
Boarding house (boarding house) for the elderly and disabled;
Boarding house (boarding house) for war and labor veterans;
Special boarding house (department) for the elderly and disabled;
Psychoneurological boarding school;
Rehabilitation center (department) for young disabled people;
Mercy boarding house (department);
Gerontological Center;
Gerontopsychiatric Center;
Small-capacity boarding house;
Social and health center.
Institutions (departments) of social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities that provide services for the provision of living quarters in houses of social housing stock:
Special home for lonely elderly people;
Social apartments.
An independent social service institution for elderly and disabled citizens may have one of the following names:
Boarding house;
Boarding school;
Pension;
Hotel.
A boarding house (boarding house) for the elderly and disabled is a social and medical institution intended for permanent, temporary (up to 6 months) and five-day a week accommodation for those who have partially or completely lost the ability to self-care and require constant outside care, ensures the creation of appropriate their age and health status, living conditions, carrying out medical, psychological, social activities, nutrition and care, as well as organizing feasible work, rest and leisure.
A boarding house (boarding house) for war and labor veterans is a social and medical institution intended for permanent, temporary (up to 6 months) and five-day a week accommodation of war and labor veterans who have partially or completely lost the ability to self-care and need constant outside help care, ensures the creation of living conditions appropriate to their age and health status.
A special boarding house (special department) for the elderly and disabled is a social and medical institution intended for citizens in need of constant outside care, from among those released from places of imprisonment and other persons for whom, in accordance with the current legislation, administrative supervision is established, and also elderly citizens and disabled people who have previously been convicted or have been repeatedly brought to administrative responsibility for violating public order, engaged in vagrancy and begging.
A psychoneurological boarding school is a social and medical institution intended for those suffering from chronic mental illnesses and in need of constant outside care, ensuring the creation of living conditions appropriate to their age and state of health, carrying out medical, psychological, social activities, food and care, as well as organizing feasible labor activities, recreation and leisure.
Rehabilitation center (department) for disabled young people is a social and medical institution intended for young disabled people who have partially or completely lost the ability to self-care, and carries out the process of rehabilitation of disabled people in accordance with rehabilitation programs, ensures the creation of living conditions appropriate to their age and health status .
A boarding house (department) of mercy for the elderly and disabled is a social and medical institution intended for those on bed rest or moving within the ward with outside help, ensuring the creation of living conditions appropriate to their age and health status.
A gerontological center is a social and medical institution intended for those who have partially or completely lost the ability to self-care and need constant outside care, ensures the creation of living conditions appropriate to their age and state of health, conducts medical, psychological, social activities, nutrition and care, and organizes feasible work, recreation and leisure, carries out scientific, practical, organizational and methodological work in the fields of gerontology and geriatrics, and also carries out work to improve the qualifications of staff in inpatient social service institutions.
The gerontopsychiatric center is a social and medical institution intended for those suffering from chronic mental illnesses and in need of constant outside care, ensures the creation of living conditions appropriate to their age and state of health, as well as the organization of feasible work activities, rest and leisure, carries out scientific and practical work in the field psychiatry for people of older age groups and carries out work to improve the qualifications of workers in psychoneurological boarding homes.
A small-capacity boarding house for the elderly and disabled is a social and medical institution for no more than 50 people, intended for those who have partially or completely lost the ability to self-care and need constant outside care, ensuring the creation of living conditions appropriate to their age and health status.
A social health center is a social service institution designed to carry out social health and preventive measures to extend the possibility of self-realization by citizens who have retained the ability for self-care and active movement, their vital needs by promoting health, increasing physical activity, and normalizing mental status.
A special home for single elderly people (social apartment) is a specialized house or apartment that is part of the housing stock for social use, created for permanent residence of single citizens of retirement age, as well as married couples from among them who have retained full or partial ability for self-service in everyday life and those in need of creating conditions for self-realization of basic life needs.
A night stay home, a social shelter, a social hotel, a center (department) for social adaptation are institutions (departments) of social assistance created in the system of social protection bodies to provide social assistance to persons without a fixed place of residence and occupation. These institutions (departments) are intended for temporary residence or overnight accommodation for persons who find themselves without a specific place of residence and occupation, as well as assistance in the implementation of measures for the social adaptation of persons who have lost socially useful connections (primarily persons released from prison), to living conditions in society.
A social rehabilitation department for elderly citizens and the disabled is a structural unit of a social service institution designed to carry out health and social rehabilitation activities with citizens who have retained the ability to self-care or have partially lost it.
Day care center (department) for elderly citizens and disabled people - an institution (department) designed to provide social, everyday, cultural services to citizens who have retained the ability for self-care and active movement, providing them with medical care, organizing meals and recreation, attracting them to feasible labor activities and maintaining an active lifestyle.
Center (department) for temporary residence of elderly citizens and disabled people - an institution (department) designed to provide elderly citizens and disabled people with comfortable housing for a period of up to 6 months, provision of household, sanitary and hygienic services, medical care if necessary, as well as organizing them food and leisure.
Center (department) for social services at home for elderly citizens and people with disabilities - an institution (department) intended for temporary (up to 6 months) or permanent provision of social and domestic assistance to citizens who have partially lost the ability to self-care and need outside support in home conditions .
A center (department) for urgent social services is an institution (department) designed to provide citizens, regardless of their age, who are in dire need of social support, with one-time assistance aimed at maintaining their livelihoods.
Advisory center (department ) - an institution (department) designed to protect the rights and interests of citizens, their adaptation in society by assisting in solving social, psychological and legal issues.
The Center for Social Services for Elderly Citizens and Disabled Persons is a social service institution that is under the jurisdiction of the social protection authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation or municipal social protection authorities and carries out organizational, practical and coordination activities to provide social services to elderly citizens and the disabled.
A comprehensive social center for providing assistance to persons without a fixed place of residence is a social service institution that provides assistance to persons in difficult life situations - without a fixed place of residence, in providing them with social, medical and other services.
A social canteen is a structural unit of a social service institution designed to provide assistance to citizens who are in dire need of social support due to low income or due to the loss of the ability to self-care, by providing them with hot meals, semi-finished products or food packages.
Social advisory assistance provided to elderly citizens and the disabled is the only form of social assistance that is more of a preventive nature in certain risk groups. Such assistance is provided to the population for the purpose of psychological support for disabled people and elderly citizens. However, it affects not only the elderly citizens and disabled people themselves, but also all members of their families, since, first of all, problems with adaptation and getting used to new living conditions begin in a disabled person or a senior citizen precisely because of the unhealthy perception in the family of such a person who is being tried not notice, and in some cases even show aggression towards him. Therefore, a certain psychological attitude here must be created not so much among the disabled person or senior citizen himself, but among his family members.
Posted on Allbest.ru
...Similar documents
The meaning of social work and features of protecting the population. Characteristics of older people as an object of social protection, its legal basis in the Russian Federation. Practice of social protection of elderly citizens, forms of social services at home.
course work, added 01/18/2011
History of development and current state of social assistance to the disabled and elderly. Theoretical developments in the historical aspect of social protection on social, medical-social and socio-psychological rehabilitation of disabled people.
course work, added 01/27/2014
History of the formation of social protection of disabled people. Legal status of disabled people in the Russian Federation. The procedure for establishing disability, the legal basis for social protection of disabled people. Activities of Kaluga social centers for social protection of disabled people.
thesis, added 10/25/2010
Legal aspects of social protection of disabled people in the Russian Federation. Study of the main social problems of people with disabilities, methods and ways to solve them, as well as the formation of social protection for people with disabilities in modern Russian society.
course work, added 03/31/2012
State social policy for the protection and support of elderly citizens, the basic principles of their social services in Russia. Analysis of the activities of social service institutions for elderly citizens and disabled people in the city of Novy Urengoy.
thesis, added 01/06/2014
Social protection of the population: essence and principles of implementation. Forms and methods of solving social problems of disabled people. List of benefits and guarantees for working disabled people. Evaluation of the implementation of the target program for social protection of disabled people "Accessible Environment".
thesis, added 03/14/2015
The problem of social adaptation of elderly and senile people to the status of a pensioner. Analysis of the quality of social services for elderly citizens using the example of the Center for Social Protection and Support of the Population of the Oktyabrsky District of Tomsk.
thesis, added 08/20/2014
Disabled people as an object of social protection. Problems of life activity of disabled people. Policy of social support for disabled people at the regional level. Organization of the work of social protection bodies in the field of rehabilitation, social rights and guarantees.
course work, added 05/30/2013
State policy in the field of social protection of disabled people, its principles, content, goals and legal basis. Social work with disabled people of the department of social protection of the population of the railway district. Project "Rehabilitation department for disabled people".
thesis, added 11/06/2011
Social work with disabled people in Russia. Social problems of disabled people and the role of social work in resolving them. Technologies of social work with young disabled people. Social rehabilitation of young and elderly disabled people in Volgograd.
