Care of children in the surgical department. Abstract general care for sick children in a hospital. Follow-up of patients after surgery

Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation

GENERAL CHILD CARE

WITH SURGICAL DISEASES

Kirov

UDC 616-083-053.2+616-089-053.2(075.8)

BBK 57.3+54.5

Published by decision of the central methodological council of the Kirov State Medical Academy

dated 19.05.2011 (Minutes No. 7)

General care for children with surgical diseases: Textbook for students of medical universities / Comp.: Ignatiev S.V., Razin M.P. - Kirov State Medical Academy, 2011 - 86 p., illustrations: 20 figs., 5 tab., bibliography: 10 sources.

The manual highlights modern concepts of general care for children with surgical diseases, considers the structure and organization of surgical care for children in modern Russia, the most important anatomical and physiological features of the child's body, methods of asepsis and antisepsis, formulates the functional responsibilities of personnel caring for children with surgical diseases, the rules of work in the dressing room and the operating room, a detailed description of the most important medical manipulations and algorithms for preparing children for special methods of examination and surgical treatment are given. The manual is intended for students of medical universities studying in the specialty "Pediatrics".

Reviewers:

Head of the Department of Pediatric Surgery of the Astrakhan State Medical Academy, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor A.A. Zhidovinov;

Professor of the Department of Surgical Diseases of Children's Age, Izhevsk State Medical Academy Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor V.V. Pozdeev.

List of conditional abbreviations
Foreword
1.	Structure and organization of surgical care for children in Russia
1.1	Structure and organization of work of the pediatric surgical clinic
1.2	The structure and organization of the operation of the surgical room of the children's polyclinic
	1.3
2.	Anatomical and physiological features of the child's body
	2.1.	AFO of the skin and subcutaneous fat
	2.2.	AFO of the musculoskeletal system
	2.3.	AFO of the respiratory system
	2.4.	AFO of the cardiovascular system
	2.5.	AFO of the nervous system
	2.6.	AFO of the gastrointestinal tract
	2.7.	AFO of the urinary system
	2.8.	AFO of the endocrine system
	2.9.	AFO of the immune system
	2.10.	Control questions and test tasks
3.	Aseptic and antiseptic
	3.1.	Control questions and test tasks
4.	Functional responsibilities of personnel caring for children with surgical diseases. Work in the dressing room and in the operating room
	4.1.	Control questions and test tasks
5.	The most important medical manipulations
	5.1.	Control questions and test tasks
6.	Preparing children for special methods of diagnosis and treatment
	6.1.	Preparing children for special examination methods
	6.2.	Preparing children for surgery
	6.3.	Control questions and test tasks
List of practical skills and abilities
Situational tasks
Samples of correct answers
List of recommended literature

List of conditional abbreviations

Ig	immunoglobulins
AFO	anatomical and physiological features
GP	general doctor
WMO	secondary debridement
gastrointestinal tract	gastrointestinal tract
IVL	artificial lung ventilation
KOS	acid-base state
CT	CT scan
MRI	Magnetic resonance imaging
ICU	resuscitation and intensive care unit
BCC	circulating blood volume
surfactant	surfactants
PDS	polydioxanone
PHO	primary surgical treatment
SanPiN	sanitary rules and regulations
FAP	feldsher-obstetric station
CVP	central venous pressure
CSO	central sterilization department

Foreword

The basics of general care for children with surgical diseases have their own well-defined features in comparison with the care of an adult patient and the care of a somatically ill child.

The course of care for surgical patients of childhood is very important, as it introduces students to the main principles of the work of a pediatric surgical hospital at the level of a paramedical worker. Students acquire not only theoretical knowledge, but also practical skills in caring for sick children of this profile, so the manual contains a list of practical skills that a student should master. In care, preoperative preparation of the operation and nursing of children after it are of great importance. The most postulate principles of these processes are covered on the pages of our publication.

This textbook is intended for undergraduate students of medical universities. The authors took into account modern domestic and foreign literature data, as well as their personal many years of experience in practical pediatric surgery, so they hope that the material presented in the manual will contribute to a deeper understanding by students of pediatric faculties of the structure and organization of surgical care for children in modern Russia, anatomical - physiological characteristics of the child's body, asepsis and antiseptics, functional duties of the staff, work in the dressing room and operating room, the most important medical manipulations, preparing children for special examination methods and surgical treatment. All possible wishes and criticisms will be received by the authors with understanding and gratitude.

Main literature:

1. Dronov A.F. General care for children with surgical diseases [Text]: textbook. allowance / A. F. Dronov. -2nd ed., revised. and additional - Moscow: Alliance, 2013. - 219 p.

2. Care for a healthy and sick child [Text]: textbook. allowance / [E. I. Aleshina [and others]; ed. V. V. Yurieva, N. N. Voronovich. - St. Petersburg: SpecLit, 2009. - 190, p.

3. Gulin A. V. Basic algorithms for pediatric resuscitation [Text]: textbook. manual for students studying in the specialty 060103 65 - Pediatrics / A. V. Gulin, M. P. Razin, I. A. Turabov; Ministry of Health and Social. development Ros. Federation, Sev. state honey. un-t, Kirov. state honey. acad. - Arkhangelsk: Publishing House of SSMU, 2012. -119 p.

4. Pediatric surgery [Text]: textbook. for universities / ed.: Yu. F. Isakov, A. Yu. Razumovsky. - Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2014. - 1036 p.

5. Kudryavtsev V.A. Pediatric surgery in lectures [Text]: a textbook for medical. universities / V. A. Kudryavtsev; Sev. state honey. un-t. -2nd ed., revised. - Arkhangelsk: ITs SSMU, 2007. -467 p.

Additional literature:

1. Petrov S.V. General surgery [Text]: textbook. for universities with a CD: textbook. allowance for medical universities / S.V. Petrov. -3rd ed., revised. and additional - Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2005. -767 p.

2. Surgical diseases of childhood [Text]: textbook. for medical students universities: in 2 volumes / Ed. A.F. Isakov, rev. ed. A.F. Dronov. - Moscow: GEOTAR-MED, 2004.

3. Pediatric surgery [Electronic resource]: textbook / ed. Yu. F. Isakov, A. Yu. Razumovsky. - M. : GEOTAR-Media, 2014. - 1040 p. : ill. - Access mode: http://www.studmedlib.ru/ .

4. Drozdov, A. A. Pediatric surgery [Text]: lecture notes / A. A. Drozdov, M. V. Drozdova. - Moscow: EKSMO, 2007. - 158, p.

5. A practical guide to pediatric outpatient orthopedics [Text] / [O. Yu. Vasilyeva [and others]; ed. V. M. Krestyashina. - Moscow: Med. inform. agency, 2013. - 226, p.

6. Makarov A. I. Features of the examination of the child to identify surgical and orthopedic pathology [Text]: method. recommendations / A.I. Makarov, V.A. Kudryavtsev; Sev. state honey. un-t. - Arkhangelsk: Publishing House. center SSMU, 2006. - 45, p.

Electronic publications, digital educational resources

I. Electronic version: Surgical diseases in children: Textbook / "Edited by Yu.F.Isakov. - 1998.

II. EBS "Student Consultant" http://www.studmedlib.ru/

III. EBS Iprbooks http://www.iprbookshop.ru/

AGREED" "APPROVED"

Head Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dean of the Faculty of Pediatrics,

MD Turabov I.A. MD_Turabov I.A.

WORKING CURRICULUM
elective course

By discipline _ Pediatric surgery

In the direction of preparation__ Pediatrics _____063103______________

Course ____6_________________________________________________

Practical training-56 hours

Independent work -176 hours

Type of intermediate certification ( offset)_ __11 semester

Department of _Pediatric Surgery________

Labor intensity of the discipline _232 hours

Arkhangelsk, 2014

1. The purpose and objectives of mastering the discipline

The specialty is approved by the order of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation (order of the State Committee for Higher Education of the Russian Federation dated 05.03.94 No. 180). Graduate qualification - Doctor. The object of professional activity of graduates is the patient. A doctor - a graduate in the specialty "060103 Pediatrics" has the right to carry out treatment and preventive activities. He has the right to occupy medical positions not related to the direct management of patients: research and laboratory activities in theoretical and fundamental areas of medicine.

The field of professional activity of specialists includes a set of technologies, means, methods and methods of human activity aimed at maintaining and improving the health of the population by ensuring the proper quality of pediatric care (medical and preventive, medical and social) and dispensary observation.

The objects of professional activity of specialists are:

children aged 0 to 15;

adolescents aged 15 to 18;

a set of tools and technologies aimed at creating conditions for maintaining health, ensuring the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases in children and adolescents.

Specialist in the direction of training (specialty) 060103 Pediatrics is preparing for the following types of professional activities:

preventive;

diagnostic;

medical;

rehabilitation;

psychological and pedagogical;

organizational and managerial;

research.

I. Goals and objectives of the discipline

The purpose of teaching the elective in pediatric surgery at the Faculty of Pediatrics: deepening students' theoretical and practical knowledge and skills on semiotics, clinic, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment tactics and emergency care for malformations, surgical diseases, traumatic injuries, tumors, critical conditions in children of various age groups.

Tasks of studying an elective course in pediatric surgery at the pediatric faculty are to develop the skills of students:

Examine children with various surgical pathologies;

Diagnose malformations, surgical diseases, traumatic injuries, tumors, critical conditions in children;

Provide emergency care for them;

Decide on the tactics of further treatment and observation;

To solve the issues of prevention of the occurrence of surgical pathology and its complications in children.
2. The place of discipline in the structure of the EP

The program is compiled in accordance with the requirements of the State Educational Standard of Higher Professional Education in the direction of training Pediatrics, studied in the eleventh semester.

The elective "Selected Issues of Pediatric Surgery" refers to the discipline of choice

The basic knowledge necessary to study the discipline is formed:

- in the humanitarianand socio-economicdisciplines(philosophy, bioethics; psychology, pedagogy; jurisprudence, history of medicine; Latin; foreign language);

- in the cycle of mathematical, natural sciences, biomedical disciplines(physics and mathematics; medical informatics; chemistry; biology; biochemistry, human anatomy, topographic anatomy; histology, embryology, cytology, histology; normal physiology; pathological anatomy, pathophysiology; microbiology, virology; immunology, clinical immunology; pharmacology);

- in the cycle of medical professional and clinical disciplines(medical rehabilitation; hygiene; public health, health care, health economics; operative surgery and topographic anatomy, radiation diagnostics and therapy, general, faculty and hospital surgery, traumatology and orthopedics, anesthesiology and resuscitation, pediatrics).

3. Requirements for the level of mastering the content of the discipline

As a result of mastering the discipline, the student must:
Know:
1. Etiopathogenesis of surgical diseases, malformations, traumatic injuries and critical conditions in children of different age groups.

2. The clinical picture of the listed pathological conditions and its features depending on the age of the children.

3. Diagnostics (clinical, laboratory, instrumental) and differential diagnostics.

4. Surgical tactics of a pediatrician, rational terms of treatment.

5. Methods and techniques of feeding healthy and sick young children

6. Methodology for examining patients with certain pathologies

7 Features of emergency care and intensive care for surgical diseases and critical conditions in children of different age groups.

8. Dispensary observation and medical rehabilitation for the studied diseases.

Be able to:

1. Collect an anamnesis of the life and illness of the child.

2. Conduct a physical examination of children of different age groups.

3. Be able to make psychological and verbal contact with healthy and sick children.

4. Make a plan for clinical examination.

5. Interpret the data of clinical, laboratory, instrumental methods of examination.

6. Make a preliminary diagnosis and determine the tactics of treatment.

7. Determine the ward regimen, the treatment table, the optimal dosing regimen, the frequency and duration of drug administration in the pathology under study.

8. Provide emergency care for surgical diseases and critical conditions in children of different age groups.

9. Provide resuscitation assistance at the pre-hospital and hospital stages.

10.Plan individually dispensary observation and medical rehabilitation for sick children;

11. Independently work with information (educational, scientific, normative reference literature and other sources);
Own(in accordance with the objectives of the discipline in the field of the formation of practical skills):

1. a professional algorithm for solving practical problems of diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment and prevention of acute and chronic diseases in children of different age and sex groups;

2. medical ethics and deontology;

3. skills to properly build their relationships with the parents of a sick child;

4. method of questioning (complaints, medical history, life history);

5. method of clinical research (examination, palpation, percussion and auscultation of the lungs, heart);

6. skills for evaluating the results of instrumental research methods;

7. skills to evaluate the results of clinical laboratory, microbiological examination of sputum, peripheral blood, gastric contents, bile, urine, feces;

8. prepare and evaluate the results of X-ray examination of the respiratory organs, cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys and urinary tract;

9. evaluate the results of a biochemical study of peripheral blood, urine, bile;

10. master the principles and techniques of emergency care and intensive care for various diseases in children.

4. The volume of discipline and types of educational work:

4.1Semester and type of reporting by elective.

Semester	Type of reporting
11	offset

p/p

Section content

1

2

3

1.

Surgical neonatology (NEC, abdominal cysts, gastrostomy) (KPZ lecture)

Surgical neonatology (anorectal anomalies, diaphragmatic hernias) lecture KPZ)

2.

Minimally invasive operations with ultrasound guidance in children (lecture of the bullpen)

Sonography of the hollow organs of the gastrointestinal tract in children (lecture KPZ)

3.

Pediatric urology-andrology

Violation of urination in children lecture bullpen)

4.

Pediatric oncology

Bone sarcomas in children (KPZ lecture)

Germinogenic tumors (lecture of the bullpen)

5.

Intensive care of the perioperative period (lecture of the bullpen)

5.2. Sections of disciplines and types of classes

№ p/p	Name of the discipline section	Lectures (labor intensity)	Workshops
1	2	3	7
1.	Emergency Neonatal Surgery	4	10
2.	Ultrasound in the diagnosis and treatment of surgical diseases in children	4	10
3.	Pediatric urology-andrology	2	5
4.	Pediatric oncology	4	10
5.	Boundary issues of pediatric surgery and anesthesiology-resuscitation	2	5
		16	40

5.3 Thematic planning

№ p/p	Name of the discipline section	lectures	Workshops
1	2		3
1.	Emergency Neonatal Surgery	Surgical neonatology (NEC, abdominal cysts, gastrostomy) Surgical neonatology (anorectal anomalies, diaphragmatic hernias)	1. Surgical neonatology (NEC, abdominal cysts, gastrostomy) 2.Surgical neonatology (anorectal anomalies, diaphragmatic hernias)
2.	Ultrasound in the diagnosis and treatment of surgical diseases in children	Minimally invasive surgeries with ultrasound guidance in children Sonography of hollow organs of the gastrointestinal tract in children	1. Minimally invasive operations with ultrasound guidance in children 2. Echography of hollow organs of the gastrointestinal tract in children
3.	Pediatric urology-andrology	urinary disorders in children	1. Violation of urination in children
4.	Pediatric oncology	Bone sarcomas in children germ cell tumors	1. Bone sarcomas in children 2. Germinogenic tumors
5.	Boundary issues of pediatric surgery and anesthesiology-resuscitation	Intensive care of the perioperative period	1. Intensive care of the perioperative period

7. Extracurricular independent work of students

№ p/p	Name of the discipline section		Types of independent work	Forms of control
1.		Emergency Neonatal Surgery

						Oral (presentation with a report)
2.	Ultrasound in the diagnosis and treatment of surgical diseases in children				Preparation of a report on the topic of the lesson in the form of a presentation	Oral (presentation with a report)
				Oral (presentation with a report)
3	Pediatric urology-andrology		Analysis of a clinical case in the form of a presentation	Oral (presentation with a report)
4.	Pediatric oncology		Preparation of a report on the topic of the lesson in the form of a presentation	Oral (presentation with a report)
			Analysis of a clinical case in the form of a presentation	Oral (presentation with a report)

5	Boundary issues of pediatric surgery and anesthesiology-resuscitation		Analysis of a clinical case in the form of a presentation	Oral (presentation with a report)

8.Forms control

8.1. Forms of current control

Oral (interview, report)

Written (checking tests, abstracts, abstracts, problem solving).

The list of topics of abstracts, reports, collections of tests and situational tasks are given in section 4 of the Educational and methodological complex of the discipline "C

8.2. Forms of intermediate certification (test)

Stages of the offset

Semester	Forms of intermediate certification
11	offset

Questions for the test are given in the 4th section of the Educational and methodological complex of the discipline "Means for assessing competencies".
9. Educational and methodological support of discipline

9.1. Main literature

1. Outpatient surgery of childhood: textbook / V.V. Levanovich, N.G. Zhila., I.A. Komissarov. - M. - GZOTAR-Media, 2014 - 144 p.: ill.

2. Pediatric surgery: textbook / edited by Yu.F. Isakova., A.Yu. Razumovsky. - M.: GZOTAR-Media, 2014. - 1040 p.: ill.

3. Pediatric surgery: nat hands / Assots med o-stv for quality: under the editorship of Yu.F. Isakova, A.F. Dronova - M.: GEOTAR - Media. 2009 - 1164 pages (24 copies) 4. Isakov Yu.F. Surgical diseases of childhood: studies in 2 tons - M .: GEOTAR - MED. 2008 - 632 p.

5. Kudryavtsev V.A. Pediatric surgery in lectures. Textbook for medical universities, SSMU - Arkhangelsk: ITs SSMU. 2007 - 467 p.

4. Anesthesiology and resuscitation: a textbook for students of medical universities / ed. O.A. Valley - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2007. - 569 p.

9.2. additional literature

1. Pediatric oncology. National leadership / Ed. M.D. Alieva V.G. Polyakova, G.L. Mentkevich, S.A. Mayakova. – M.: Publishing group RONTS, Practical medicine, 2012. – 684 p.: ill.

Durnov L.A., Goldobenko G.V. Pediatric Oncology: Textbook. - 2nd ed. revised and additional – M.: Medicine. 2009.
Podkamenev V.V. Surgical diseases of childhood: a textbook for medical universities - M .: Medicine. 2005. - 236 p. 3..F.Shir.M.Yu.Yanitskaya (Scientific editorial and text preparation in Russian) Laparoscopy in children. Arkhangelsk, Publishing Center SSMU, 2008.

4. Shiryaev N.D., Kagantsov I.M. Essays on reconstructive surgery of the external genital organs in children Part 1, Part 2. Monograph. - Syktyvkar, 2012. - 96 p.

5. Oncological and tumor-like diseases of childhood: a textbook for medical students / I.A. Turabov, M.P. Razin. - Arkhangelsk; From the Northern State Medical University, 2013. - 105 p.: ill.

6. Echographic study of the hollow organs of the gastrointestinal tract in surgical pathology in children. Hydroechocolonography: monograph / M.Yu. Yanitskaya, I.A. Kudryavtsev, V.G. Sapozhnikov and others - Arkhangelsk: From the Northern State Medical University, 2013. - 128 p.: ill.

7. Hydroechocolography - diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the colon in children guidelines / M.Yu Yanitskaya. - Arkhangelsk; From the Northern State Medical University, 2013. - 83 p.: ill.
9.3. Software and Internet resources

Questions on practical skills in educational practice (care of children in a surgical hospital) for students of the 1st year of the pediatric faculty.  Structure of a modern children's surgical clinic. Responsibilities of junior and middle medical personnel in the care of children in a surgical hospital.  Maintenance of medical records in the pediatric surgical clinic.  Equipment and tools for the dressing room, manipulation room, operating room. Responsibilities of junior and middle medical personnel.  Responsibilities of paramedical personnel of a pediatric surgical hospital (urological, traumatological, resuscitation, thoracic departments, department of purulent surgery).  General care of patients in the general pediatric surgical department. Preparing a child for surgery.  Features of transportation of patients depending on the nature, localization of the disease (damage), severity of the condition.  The concept of nosocomial infection. Causes of occurrence, main pathogens, sources, ways of spread of nosocomial infection. A set of sanitary and hygienic measures aimed at identifying, isolating sources of infection and interrupting transmission routes.  Sanitary and hygienic regime in the admission department.  Sanitary and hygienic regime in the surgical department.  Sanitary and hygienic diet of patients.  Sanitary and hygienic regime in the operating unit, wards and resuscitation and intensive care units, postoperative wards and dressing rooms.  Treatment of the operating and injection field, hands, surgical gloves during the operation.  Disinfection. Types of disinfection. The sequence of processing medical instruments. Treatment of incubators for newborns.  Sterilization. Types of sterilization. Storage of sterile instruments and medical products.  Features of sterilization of instruments, suture and dressing material.  Peculiarities of sterilization of surgical gloves, rubber products, fabrics, polymers (probes, catheters, etc.)  Rules for laying dressings, surgical linen in bix. Bix styling types. Indicators.  Antiseptic. antiseptic methods. Control methods. Indicators.  Injections. Types of injections. Local and general complications of injections. Disposal of used balls, needles, syringes.  Rules for taking blood for laboratory testing.  Infusion therapy. Tasks of infusion therapy. The main drugs for infusion therapy, indications for their appointment. Ways of introducing infusion media. Complications.  Indications and contraindications for central venous catheterization. Caring for a catheter placed in a central vein.  Blood transfusion. Types of blood transfusion. Determination of the suitability of canned blood for transfusion.  Technique for determining blood group and Rh factor.  Control studies before transfusion of whole blood (erythrocyte mass) and blood products, methods of conducting.  Post-transfusion reactions and complications. Clinic, diagnostics. Possible ways of prevention.  Nasogastric tube. Probing technique. Indications for nasogastric sounding. Technique. Complications of nasogastric sounding.  Types of enemas. Indications for use Technique. Complications.  Taking material for bacteriological examination. How to store biopsy material.  Features of transportation of patients in a surgical hospital.  Tasks of preoperative preparation, ways and means of its implementation.  Surgery. Types of surgical operations. Position of the patient on the operating table. Intraoperative risk factors for infectious complications.  Postoperative period, its tasks. Care of children in the postoperative period.  Complications of the postoperative period, ways of prevention, combating complications that have arisen.  Care of the skin and mucous membranes of the child in the postoperative period.  Postoperative wound care. Removal of stitches.  Temporary stop of bleeding.  Transportation and immobilization depending on the nature and localization of damage or pathological process.  Pre-hospital care for emergency conditions in children.  Terminal states. Monitoring. Posthumous care.  Assistance in emergencies. Primary resuscitation complex, features of its implementation depending on the age of the child.  Desmurgy. Technique for applying different types of dressings in children of different age groups (see Appendix). APPENDIX Questions on desmurgy for students of the 1st year of the Faculty of Pediatrics I. Headbands:  Hippocratic cap  Hat - cap  Bandage on one eye  Bandage - bridle  Neapolitan bandage  Bandage on the nose II. Bandages on the upper limb:  Bandage on one finger  Bandage on the first finger  Bandage-glove  Bandage on the hand  Bandage on the forearm  Bandage on the elbow joint  Bandage on the shoulder joint III. Bandages on the abdomen and pelvis:  Unilateral spike bandage  Bilateral spike bandage  Bandage on the perineum IV. Bandages for the lower limb:  Bandage for the thigh  Bandage for the shin  Bandage for the knee joint  Bandage for the heel region  Bandage for the ankle joint  Bandage for the entire foot (without grabbing fingers)  Bandage for the entire foot (with grabbing fingers)  Bandage for first toe V. Bandages for the neck:  Bandage for the upper part of the neck  Bandage for the lower part of the neck VI. Bandages on the chest:  Spiral bandage  Cruciform bandage  Dezo bandage Head of the Department of Pediatric Surgery MD. I.N. Khvorostov

Preface ……………………………………………………………………………4

Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………..5

Chapter 1. General care of sick children ………………………………………..6

Chapter 2. Procedures and manipulations of a nurse ………………………20 Chapter 3. Skills of a surgical nurse …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….39 Chapter 4. First aid in case of emergency conditions………………………………………… 55

Application ………………………………………………………………………...65

References ………………………………………………………………...67

FOREWORD

The industrial practice of students is the most important link in the training of a pediatrician; in the structure of the educational program of higher medical educational institutions, much attention is paid to this section of education.

The purpose of this teaching aid is to prepare students of the 2nd and 3rd courses of the pediatric faculty for the internship.

The objectives of the teaching aid are to improve the theoretical knowledge of students, provide information on the correct and high-quality performance of the functional duties of junior and secondary medical personnel, ensure the development of practical skills in caring for sick children, performing nursing manipulations and procedures, providing emergency first aid, filling out medical documentation. .

The content of the practical training of a specialist, set out in the manual, corresponds to the state educational standard of higher professional education in the specialty 040200 "Pediatrics", approved by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation on March 10, 2000, the materials of the final state certification of graduates of medical and pharmaceutical universities in the specialty 040200 "Pediatrics", approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (2000).

The need to publish this teaching aid is due to the development at the NSMA of a new cross-cutting program of practical training for students of the pediatric faculty with a list of skills and abilities necessary for mastering during the period of practical training. A feature of this publication is the generalization and systematization of modern literary material, a clear presentation of the content of all practical skills in accordance with the approved program. Such publications in NSMA have not been published before.

The manual outlines the content of practical skills and abilities in the course of industrial practice as an assistant to a ward and procedural nurse of a therapeutic and surgical profile, an emergency medical assistant, and measures to provide first aid in the most common emergency conditions in children. The proposed manual is intended for self-preparation of students in the study of the discipline "General child care" and the passage of industrial practice.

INTRODUCTION

This teaching aid consists of 4 chapters.

The first chapter is devoted to the general care of a sick child as an obligatory part of the treatment process. The value of care cannot be overestimated, often the success of treatment and the prognosis of the disease are determined by the quality of care. Caring for a sick child is a system of activities, including the creation of optimal conditions for staying in a hospital, assistance in meeting various needs, the correct and timely implementation of various medical prescriptions, preparation for special research methods, carrying out some diagnostic manipulations, monitoring the child's condition, providing a patient with first aid.

Nursing and paramedical staff play a crucial role in ensuring proper care. The junior nurse cleans the premises, daily toilet and sanitization of sick children, assists in feeding the seriously ill and the administration of natural needs, monitors the timely change of linen, the cleanliness of care items. A representative of the middle medical level - a nurse, being a doctor's assistant, clearly fulfills all appointments for examination, treatment and monitoring of a sick child, maintains the necessary medical documentation. The chapters “Procedures and manipulations of a nurse”, “Skills of a surgical nurse” include information on various methods of using drugs, collecting material for research, methods for conducting therapeutic and diagnostic manipulations and procedures, and rules for maintaining medical records. Some aspects of care for surgical patients are highlighted.

The effectiveness of a complex of therapeutic effects depends not only on the proper organization of care and training of medical workers, but also the creation of a favorable psychological environment in a medical institution. The establishment of friendly, trusting relationships, the manifestation of sensitivity, care, attention, mercy, polite and affectionate treatment of children, the organization of games, walks in the fresh air have a positive effect on the outcome of the disease.

A medical worker is obliged in emergency situations to be able to correctly and timely provide first aid. The chapter "First aid in emergency conditions" outlines emergency measures, the implementation of which in full, as soon as possible and at a high professional level is a decisive factor for saving the lives of injured and sick children.

At the end of each chapter, there are control questions for students to independently check their knowledge of theoretical material.

The appendix contains a list of practical skills and abilities of students of the 2nd and 3rd courses of the pediatric faculty during the internship.

Chapter 1. GENERAL CARE OF SICK CHILDREN

Conducting sanitization of patients

Sanitary treatment of sick children is carried out in the admission department of the children's hospital. Upon admission to the hospital, if necessary, patients take a hygienic bath or shower (for more details, see "Hygienic and therapeutic baths"). In case of detection of pediculosis, a special disinsection treatment of the child and, if necessary, underwear is performed. The scalp is treated with insecticidal solutions, shampoos and lotions (20% suspension of benzyl benzoate, Pedilin, Nix, Nittifor, Itax, Anti-bit, Para-plus, Bubil, Reed ”, “Spray-pax”, “Elco-insect”, “Grincid”, “Sana”, “Chubchik”, etc.). To remove nits, separate strands of hair are treated with a solution of table vinegar, tied with a scarf for 15-20 minutes, then the hair is carefully combed out with a fine comb and the head is washed. If scabies is detected in a child, disinsection treatment of clothing, bedding is carried out, the skin is treated with a 10-20% suspension of benzyl benzoate, sulfuric ointment, Spregal, Yurax aerosol.

Available in formats: epub | PDF | FB2

Pages: 224

The year of publishing: 2012

Language: Russian

The manual discusses the features of caring for children with surgical diseases in a hospital. The structure and organization of the work of the children's surgical clinic, equipment and equipment of various departments are reflected. To consolidate the material and self-test, control questions are given at the end of each chapter.

Reviews

Vagan, Kharkiv, 07.11.2017
Finding the right book these days on the net is not so easy. Free download is a godsend! Sending SMS did not take long, but the result met all expectations - I finally downloaded "General Care for Children with Surgical Diseases". Very handy site. Thanks to the developers, who saved a lot of time on finding the necessary information for a lot of users.

Daria, Khmelnitsky, 05.07.2017
I'm ashamed to admit, but I didn't read a lot of literature at school. Now I'm filling it up. I was looking for "General Care for Children with Surgical Diseases" to download. Your site is out. I don't regret coming to you. One SMS to the phone - and my book! Is free! Thank you for that! Will it always be like this or will there be paid content someday?

Those who viewed this page were also interested in:

Frequently asked Questions

1. Which book format should I choose: PDF, EPUB or FB2?
It all depends on your personal preferences. Today, each of these types of books can be opened both on a computer and on a smartphone or tablet. All books downloaded from our site will open and look the same in any of these formats. If you don’t know what to choose, then choose PDF for reading on a computer, and EPUB for a smartphone.

3. In which program to open the PDF file?
You can use the free Acrobat Reader to open the PDF file. It is available for download at adobe.com.