29.03.2016

Tablets for heart pain are used to eliminate pain, normalize the rhythm and functioning of this organ of the body. Below we give the names of remedies that can be used to eliminate pain and pressure in the heart.

Drug names

Depending on the type of treatment, various herbs and tablets for cardiac arrhythmia can be divided into several groups: peripheral vasodilators (which include nitrates), selective beta-blockers, cardiac glycosides and calcium channel blockers. The list of drugs for blood pressure that dilates the heart vessels includes Molsidomin (Sidnopharm, Corvaton), Validol (Corvalment), as well as a large group of esterified glycerol salts of nitric acid nitrites and their derivatives.

List of medications for the work and treatment of blood vessels of the cardiac system: Nitroglycerin (Sustak, Nitrocardin, Nitrocor, Nitromint), derivatives of nitroglycerin isosorbide mononitrate (Pentacard, Pectrol, Olicard, Monosan, Monizide). The list also continues with the following medications: isosorbide dinitrate (Cardix, Cardiket, Cardiket, Izacardin) and Pentaerythrityl tetra (Erinit, Vasodilators, Vazocor, Nitropentone, Pentrit, Heptral) based on tetranitropentaerythritol.

The list of cardiac glycosides includes the following tablet medications based on the digitalis glycoside digoxin: Acetyldigoxin beta, Methyldigoxin, Digoxin, Medilazide, Celanide, Izolanide, Dibikor, Digoxin and others. Like herbs, such drugs are necessary to normalize vascular pressure and stimulate the functioning of the cardiac system.

The list of drugs allows you to choose the optimal methods for treating high blood pressure and other ailments in the functioning of the cardiac system.

Indications for use

Medicines to cope with pain during an attack: Molsidomin and Validol. They are effective for the treatment of cardiovascular failure, atrial fibrillation, and supraventricular tachycardia. In this case, the drug Molsidomin can be replaced with Nitroglycerin if you are individually intolerant to the former.

Medicines and herbs for pressure and pain in the heart of the category adrenaline blockers are recommended to be taken for tachycardia, angina pectoris with spasms of coronary small vessels and extrasystole. In the presence of myocardial ischemia, antiarrhythmic drugs of the group of beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers and nitrates will be required.

Nitrates relieve spasms of blood vessels and dilate them in the presence of pressure. Blockers help eliminate heart pain. In addition, you can use various herbs that can be highly effective in treating heart disease. Herbs also help relieve high blood pressure with fewer side effects than pills.

In cardiology, indications for taking medication for pain in the heart include many different pathologies. Doctors classify drugs and herbs of this group as antianginal and use them for the treatment of stable and concomitant angina pectoris, in the complex treatment of chronic heart failure, and also for normal heart function after a myocardial infarction.

Pharmacodynamics of drugs

The principle of operation of sedatives, such as Validol, is determined by reflexive nonspecific dilation of blood vessels. This occurs in response to irritation of the receptors of the oral mucosa by its constituent menthol, dissolved in the ester of 3-methylbutanoic (isovaleric) acid. During irritation of nerve endings, an increase in the synthesis of hormones and neuropeptides is observed in the body. They are responsible for inhibiting the transmission of pain sensations and vascular tone.

The pharmacodynamics of drugs for pressure in blood vessels and pain in the heart area is determined by the presence of active substances. Their action is aimed at reducing the flow of venous blood into the heart. Many medicinal herbs that are widely used in cardiology have a similar effect. The use of such drugs can reduce the filling of the left ventricle with blood and the overall tone of the myocardium.

All medications and herbs for pain in the heart area, based on nitrates, act on the cardiovascular system of the body as a whole and dilate the blood vessels of the heart in a matter of minutes. It was not possible to fully determine the biochemical mechanism of this reaction.

Medicines in this category can reduce tension in the walls of the coronary vessels and increase blood flow into the myocardial tissue (thereby reducing their oxygen demand) - while simultaneously reducing the flow of venous blood. As a result of this, a redistribution of blood flow in the cardiac vessels can be observed with the activation of arteriovenular blood supply. This helps reduce pressure and pain in the heart area.

Self-diagnosis

Among women over 30 years old, almost every second woman complains of pain in the heart area and increased blood pressure. If we take into account the emotionality of women, we can understand that complaints arise most often after nervous tension or stress. If the pain is located behind the chest, then it is possible that we are talking about coronary heart disease; if there is pain in the area of ​​the left shoulder blade and shoulder, there is a suspicion of angina pectoris.

It often happens that neurological diseases are mistaken for pain in the heart area. How can they be distinguished from each other? In fact, everything is quite simple: in the presence of neurological diseases, much directly depends on the movements of the chest; pain becomes stronger when changing position or taking a high breath. You need to take a deep breath and listen to your feelings.

If pain does not appear constantly, but only when changing position, this is pain of a neurological nature. However, we strongly recommend that you do not make a diagnosis yourself; it is recommended to consult a doctor in any case, so that in the future you do not have to regret the time that was missed.

Types of pain

When a doctor hears from a patient a word about pain in the heart area “like needles,” he first of all assumes cardiac neurosis - a type of vegetative-vascular dystonia, a disturbance of nervous tone and nervous activity. In such cases, the standard advice you can get is to take valerian, keep your composure and be patient. The body indicates problems with the nervous system.

Stress can cause not only emotional, but also physical changes; adrenaline is released, which is not spent on physical muscle work, finding its “application” in another area. In this case, it is necessary to either completely relax or, conversely, physical tension.

A feeling of aching pain in the area of ​​the heart may indicate myocarditis, an inflammation of the heart muscles that often occurs after a sore throat. The disease is accompanied by “interruptions” in the functioning of the heart, fever and weakness.

A feeling of pressing pain in the area of ​​the heart indicates the presence of angina. If you really have angina, then you can stop the attack by putting nitroglycerin under your tongue (validol and corvalol will not help in this case). You can open the window and breathe in some fresh air. If the pain does not go away, you can take another nitroglycerin tablet and call an ambulance.

You should not try to endure the pain, as the process may develop, causing sharp pain in the heart area, indicating myocardial infarction. This pain cannot be relieved with nitroglycerin; it can last from 30 minutes to several hours. In this case, it is important to provide timely assistance to increase the chances of recovery.

Continuous pain in the heart area, whether cutting, stabbing, pressing or aching, indicates the need to visit a doctor. And the sooner you do this, the better it will be. You should not tolerate it or self-medicate; do not think that it will go away on its own, because this may indicate the presence of a serious illness.

Contraindications to taking medications

Tablets intended for the treatment of heart disease may have a number of contraindications:

• Validol: severe arterial hypertension, complications after myocardial infarction in the form of cardiogenic shock.
• Nitroglycerin (and all nitrates): impaired cerebral circulation, high pressure inside the skull, shock, glaucoma (angle-closure), low blood pressure.
• Cardiac glycosides: disturbance of the rhythm of the cardiac ventricles, atrioventricular block (1-2 degrees), dysfunction and weakness of the sinus node, tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome, stenosis of the mitral valve or aorta, hypertrophic changes in the myocardium.

If you experience pain or discomfort in the heart area, it is best to immediately consult a doctor. You should not take medications at home without making an accurate diagnosis. Improper treatment of many heart diseases can lead to serious consequences. Take care of your health, do not neglect the help of doctors.

According to statistics, mortality from cardiovascular diseases accounts for about 55% of all deaths. The incidence of heart and vascular diseases approaches 90% of the population. Diseases of the cardiovascular system include hypertension, arterial hypotension, coronary heart disease (angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias), endocardial diseases (endocarditis of various origins), inflammation of the heart muscle, dystrophy of the heart muscle, pericardial disease, heart defects, heart failure, pathologies of the vascular bed (atherosclerosis, obliterating endarteritis, Raynaud's disease, phlebitis, phlebothrombosis, thrombophlebitis, varicose veins of the legs, hemorrhoids). Risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases are smoking, diabetes, male gender, high cholesterol, and excess weight.

Today, the diversity of known diseases of the cardiovascular system is compensated by almost the same diversity of means for their treatment.

1) Drugs for the treatment of heart diseases:
a) Cardiac glycosides (digitoxin, strophanthin, digoxin).
b) Antiarrhythmic drugs (quinidine, procainamide, primaline bitartrate,
lidocaine, mexiletine, propafenone, amiodarone, bretylium).
c) Cardiotonic drugs (dopamine, midodrine, epinephrine, levosimendan, norepinephrine, dobutamine).
d) Vasodilators (organic nitrates: nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate, isosorbide mononitrate, pentaerythrityl tetranitrate; molsidomine, trimetazidine).
e) Other drugs for the treatment of the heart (prostaglandins: alprostadil; ivabradine).
2) Antihypertensive.
a) Centrally acting adrenergic agents (reserpine, alpha-adrenergic agonists: clonidine, moxonidine).
b) Ganglioblockers (benzohexonium, gangleron, hygronium, dimecoline, imekhin, camphonium, quateron, pachycarpine, pentamine, pyrylene, spherophysin, temekhin, fubromegan).
c) Antiadrenergic drugs of peripheral action (alpha- and beta-blockers: prazosin, doxazosin, terazosin, urapidil).
d) Direct myolytics (hydralazine, sodium nitroprusside).
e) Other antihypertensives (bosentan).
3) Diuretics.
a) Thiazides (hydrochlorothiazide).
b) Sulfonamides (indapamide, clopamide, chlorthalidone).
c) Loop diuretics (furosemide, bumetanide, torasemide, ethacrynic acid).
d) Potassium-sparing diuretics (spironolactone).
4) Peripheral vasodilators.
Nicotinic acid and its derivatives, xanthinol nicotinate, pentoxifylline, nicergoline; vincamine, bencyclane, piribedil, naftidrofuryl).
5) Angioprotectors.
a) Drugs for the treatment of varicose veins (heparin-containing, venosclerosing: polidocanol, sodium tetradecyl sulfate).
b) Drugs that reduce capillary permeability (bioflavonoids: rutazid, diosmin).
6) Beta blockers. Non-selective (pindolol, propranolol, timolol, sotalol, bopindolol). Selective (metoprolol, atenolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol, acebutolol, celiprolol, esmolol, esatenolol, nebivolol, talinolol). Alpha and beta blockers (carvedilol).
7) Calcium channel blockers.
a) Selective with a predominant effect on blood vessels (amlodipine, felodipine, isradipine, nimodipine, nitrendipine, lacidipine).
b) Selective with a predominant effect on the heart (verapamil, diltiazem).
8) Drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin system.
a) Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (captopril, enalapril, lisinopril, ramipril, perindopril, quinapril, fosinopril, trandolapril, spirapril, zofenopril).
Inhibitors in combination with diuretics; in combination with calcium channel blockers (amlodipine + perindopril, verapamil + tradolapril).
9) Angiotensin 2 receptor antagonists(losartan, eprosartan, candesartan); renin secretion inhibitors (aliskiren).
Angiotensin 2 receptor antagonists in combination with diuretics, calcium channel blockers (valsartan + amlodipine).
10) Lipid-lowering drugs.
a) Reductase inhibitors (simvastatin, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin).
b) Fibrates (bezafibrate, fenofibrate, ciprofibrate).
c) Nicotinic acid and its derivatives.
d) Other lipid preparations (probucol, omega-3 glycerides, ezetimibe).

Read more about these drugs in the instructions below.

People suffering from heart disease are forced to frequently, and sometimes constantly, take various medications. Tablets for heart pain become their eternal companions and should always be in the medicine cabinet. Cardiovascular diseases are the most common in the world, which is why there are many remedies for pain relief. Only a cardiologist can choose the right medications and determine their dosage, but the person taking them must understand them for effective treatment. Not understanding the effects of some medications, people sometimes cancel them on their own, reducing the effectiveness of treatment, or even completely nullifying it.

Types of Medicines

There are many medications for various heart pains, but among them there are several main groups:

1. Reflex drugs.
2. Nitrates.
3. Antiplatelet agents.
4. Calcium antagonists.
5. Beta blockers.
6. Cardiac glycosides.
7. Drugs that lower blood cholesterol levels.
8. Thrombolytic drugs.

Let's take a closer look at each group of drugs for heart pain.

• Reflex drugs

These are the well-known validol and corvalol. Many people facing heart disease mistakenly believe that validol and corvalol will help them in treatment. In fact, doctors have long proven the ineffectiveness of these drugs. Validol has a calming effect on the body and dilates blood vessels, but it will not help with angina pectoris. However, you should not immediately abandon its use. The fact is that during an attack of angina, a person not only has pain behind the sternum, but he experiences the fear of death, because sometimes the pain can be very severe. Validol will help reduce fear. Also, when taking nitroglycerin, which really helps to stop an attack, a person may experience headache and nausea, which are relieved by validol. This means that it can be used in conjunction with nitroglycerin.

Corvalol helps well with irritability, stress and neuroses, which can provoke an attack of angina. It dilates blood vessels, which means it improves nutrition of the heart muscle and is able to relieve pain. The downside is that a person only relieves pain, but its true cause remains unknown, which means that sooner or later it will appear again. Validol and Corvalol are ineffective on their own, but can be used as part of complex therapy. People whose profession involves reaction speed should take them with caution, as they cause drowsiness and slight dizziness. You should not drive after taking these medications.

• Nitrates

Drugs in this group are most often used for heart pain. Nitroglycerin proved to be an excellent remedy for relieving an attack of angina back in the 19th century. Drugs in this group dilate blood vessels, improving blood flow and relieving pain. They begin to act quickly and the effect lasts a long time.

Nitroglycerin is used sublingually, that is, under the tongue. Its effect begins almost immediately, but if necessary, taking the tablet can be repeated, but no more than three tablets with an interval of five minutes. If after this the pain does not go away, it is necessary to call an ambulance, as this may indicate that pain is beginning. Under no circumstances should you use 2-3 tablets at the same time. It should be borne in mind that nitroglycerin lowers blood pressure, and after taking it, headache and nausea may occur, so it is sometimes recommended to use validol together with nitroglycerin. People prone to allergies sometimes develop a rash on their skin. Nitroglycerin should be used with caution in people with liver and kidney diseases, pregnant women, and those with increased intracranial pressure.

Since cardiovascular diseases are becoming more common, doctors recommend that all people over forty years old have nitroglycerin in their medicine cabinet.

• Antiplatelet agents

The most well-known representatives of this group of drugs are aspirin and cardiomagnyl. They improve the rheological properties of blood, that is, they thin it and make it more fluid. Cardiomagnyl, in addition, relieves inflammation and also has an antipyretic and analgesic effect. It contains magnesium hydroxide, which protects the gastric mucosa from the effects of aspirin and prevents the appearance of ulcers.

To improve blood fluidity, drugs of this group change its coagulability, and therefore they should not be used by people prone to bleeding, strokes, or gastrointestinal ulcers. Cardiomagnyl is well tolerated by most patients, but some people may have individual intolerance to aspirin, so only a cardiologist should prescribe drugs after examination.

• Calcium antagonists

This is a large group of cardiac medications that not only relieve pain, but also lower blood pressure. They relieve vasospasm and increase blood flow to the heart. The group of these drugs is divided into two generations.

The first generation includes older, long-used drugs such as isoptin and nifedipine. Their effect on the body is short-lived, and therefore you have to drink 3-4 times a day, which is not always convenient.

The second generation of drugs has a longer effect, you need to take them less often, but they are an order of magnitude more expensive. These are drugs such as amlodipine, lacidipine. Calcium antagonists are used for angina pectoris, high blood pressure, arrhythmia and their combination with the heart. Second generation drugs not only have a longer effect, but are also safer and better tolerated by the body.

• Beta blockers

Representatives of this group of drugs include anaprilin, atenolol and others. Beta blockers reduce the number of heart contractions, thereby reducing the heart muscle's need for oxygen. They are used not only for heart pain due to angina pectoris, but also for various arrhythmias and hypertension, thereby solving the issue of how to relieve heart pain and blood pressure. Another area of ​​their application is the treatment of myocardial infarction, as well as the prevention of its subsequent occurrences. These drugs should be used with caution in people with bronchial asthma and some other diseases.

• Cardiac glycosides

This is an extensive group of drugs containing digoxin, extracted from the foxglove plant. It should be noted that digoxin is a poison, so only a doctor can prescribe cardiac glycosides. Why prescribe drugs containing poison to patients with heart pain? The fact is that drugs in this group increase the strength and frequency of heart contractions without increasing the myocardial oxygen demand. That is, they force the heart to do the same work, but with less energy.

• Cholesterol-lowering drugs

The cause of many heart diseases is an increase in cholesterol levels in the blood, the formation of cholesterol plaques and blockage of blood vessels. The drugs in this group themselves will not help if you have heart pain, but they should be part of complex therapy for heart disease, since they improve the processing of cholesterol, reduce the size of atherosclerotic plaque and prevent blockage of blood vessels.

• Thrombolytic drugs

They are used to treat heart pain associated with an attack of angina. They not only relieve pain, but also eliminate the cause itself - dissolve blood clots that impede normal blood flow.

First aid

To alleviate the condition before doctors arrive in an emergency, you can use the following items from your home first aid kit:

• Nitroglycerine.
• Validol.
• Korvaltap.

Also, in case of a heart attack, doctors recommend taking an acetylsalicylic acid tablet, after chewing it. This will normalize blood clotting properties and speed up the absorption of other medications. Many patients are prescribed aspirin before bedtime to prevent myocardial infarction.

Admission rules

If your heart hurts, then in order to start treatment correctly, you need to consult a specialist. After the first attack, you should undergo a full medical examination and find out the cause of the pathological condition. To prolong the maximum effect of treatment, doctors determine a complex intake of medications. The dosage of drugs is determined based on the results of the cardiogram.

An overdose can lead to irregular heartbeat, weakness, loss of vision, psychosis and even collapse. Cardiac medications should not be taken with sleeping pills, B vitamins, nitroglycerin, alcohol-containing medications and diuretics.

Trying to relieve heart pain, many resort to the help of validol and corvalol. These medications really calm the nervous system, improve blood circulation and block mild pain. However, for serious attacks they will not bring relief.

Contraindications

All medications for heart pain have a number of contraindications that every patient needs to know about:

• nitroglycerin and its derivatives are prohibited for shock, low blood pressure, glaucoma, high intracranial pressure;
• glycosides should not be taken if the sinus node is malfunctioning, mitral valve stenosis, or cardiac muscle hypertrophy;
• for complications after a heart attack and severe hypertension.

Updated: 09.25.2019 23:54:02

Expert: Natalya Shneider

*Review of the best sites according to the editors. About the selection criteria. This material is subjective in nature, does not constitute advertising and does not serve as a purchase guide. Before purchasing, consultation with a specialist is required.

In this review, we have collected means that help improve the condition of the cardiovascular system: drugs that normalize the condition of the vascular wall, vitamins to support the heart muscle, drugs that improve metabolism, drugs that normalize blood clotting, and others.

Some of them can also be used by healthy people to prevent cardiovascular problems. Others are prescribed only by a doctor and require constant monitoring during use. Anyway, this review does not give recommendations for self-diagnosis and self-medication.

Cardiovascular pathology is not a problem that can be treated using prescriptions from the Internet; such diseases require an in-person consultation with a competent specialist, including for diagnosis: pain in the heart can be a symptom of many diseases, ranging from relatively harmless cardioneurosis, including extremely unpleasant, but not carrying serious consequences, pain caused by compression of the nerve roots, and ending with deadly manifestations of myocardial ischemia (impaired blood supply to the heart muscle). Therefore, if you suspect that you have any heart or vascular diseases, do not try to consult the Internet, consult a doctor.

Review of drugs for the heart and blood vessels

Nomination	place	product name	price
drugs for the prevention of blood clots	1		18 ₽
	2		342 RUR
	3		48 ₽
	4		RUB 1,296
drugs for the treatment of hypertension	1		84 RUR
	2		44 RUR
	3		64 RUR
drugs for the treatment of ischemic heart disease	1		119 RUR
	2		156 RUR
means for improving heart muscle metabolism	1		43 RUR
	2		243 ₽
Modern dietary supplements	1		846 RUR
	2		306 ₽
	3		RUB 1,286

Review of drugs for the prevention of blood clots

The ability of platelets to “stick together”, forming blood clots, is a vital necessity for any living organism; without it, we would die from bleeding due to the slightest scratch. But this same ability causes a heart attack or stroke. When the covering of an atherosclerotic plaque is destroyed, the body perceives this section of the vascular wall as damaged and forms a blood clot over it. The lumen of the vessel sharply narrows, which disrupts normal blood flow and leads to necrosis of the area that does not receive enough oxygen.

That is why medications that reduce the ability of platelets to stick together - antiplatelet agents - are recommended for almost all patients with coronary heart disease, as well as those suffering from hypertension (this condition is a serious risk factor for heart attacks and strokes) and other risk factors for cardiovascular accidents. Moreover, if previously it was believed that in case of a heart attack you should first take nitroglycerin, now it is first recommended to take a tablet of acetylsalicylic acid, ordinary aspirin, which will slow down the formation of a blood clot.

Other conditions where anti-clotting agents are vital are the presence of prosthetic heart valves or vascular wall (shunts). Any foreign body provokes the formation of a blood clot. If it occurs in a place with active blood flow (heart valve), then after some time it breaks off and moves through the body with the blood flow until it blocks some small vessel, causing tissue necrosis. Having arisen at the shunt site, a thrombus, as a rule, remains in place and grows until it completely blocks the vessel, provoking a second heart attack.

The third most common reason for prescribing drugs that reduce coagulation is arrhythmias with paroxysms of atrial fibrillation. In this case, a section of the heart periodically stops contracting normally and synchronously, and begins to “flutter.” Blood stagnates in the atrium, which causes a blood clot to form, which subsequently enters the bloodstream - according to statistics, with atrial fibrillation, the likelihood of a stroke increases 17 times. To prevent this from happening, doctors also recommend anticoagulants - drugs that reduce clotting.

Most of the drugs described in this section of the rating can be fatal in case of overdose, so they should be prescribed by a doctor, and during use it is periodically necessary to check the condition of the coagulation system and, if necessary, adjust the dose of the drug. Therefore, we urge our readers not to try to treat themselves under any circumstances.

Acetylsalicylic acid

Trade names: Aspirin Cardio, Thrombo-Ass, Cardiomagnyl, Acecardol, CardiASK.

In small dosages from 50 to 300 mg, this substance inhibits the “gluing” of red blood cells - the first stage of blood clot formation, and it is the blood clots that form on top of the cholesterol plaque that most often cause an attack of coronary heart disease. Therefore, acetylsalicylic acid is recommended both for the prevention of angina, heart attack, stroke, and for existing coronary heart disease to prevent complications.

Acetylsalicylic acid can be used for prevention by people over 40 years of age who have risk factors for cardiovascular diseases: obesity, diabetes mellitus, elevated plasma cholesterol levels, elevated triglyceride levels, smoking, arterial hypertension.

As a rule, to prevent cardiovascular problems in people with risk factors, a minimum dose of 50-75 mg is recommended (depending on the specific brand name). If coronary heart disease has already been diagnosed, 100–150 mg of acetylsalicylic acid per day is prescribed; to prevent a recurrent heart attack, the dosage can be increased to 300 mg (recommended by the doctor). The course of use can last for years and even become lifelong: since the lifespan of a platelet is only 10 days, drugs that change their properties must be constantly used.

Advantages

• effectiveness in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases confirmed by numerous studies;
• safety: over-the-counter medicine;
• low price.

Flaws

• with long-term use, you need to monitor the condition of the gastrointestinal tract.

Clopidogrel

Trade names: Plavix, Zylt, Clopidex.

Another remedy that prevents the “gluing” - aggregation - of platelets. As a rule, it is recommended for people who have suffered acute coronary syndrome or transient cerebrovascular accident, both for the treatment of an acute condition and for the prevention of recurrent heart attack or stroke. Clopidogrel is often combined with acetylsalicylic acid to increase effectiveness: such therapy, according to research, halves the risk of recurrent heart attacks. In addition, the drug is prescribed for atrial fibrillation to prevent thrombosis.

Typically, therapy begins with a loading dose of 300 mg, then the drug is prescribed at a dosage of 75 mg per day. Courses of taking clopidogrel are also quite long - from three months, but, unlike acetylsalicylic acid, it is usually not recommended to take it for life. In any case, this is a prescription drug and should be prescribed and stopped by a doctor.

Possible adverse events: bleeding, blood imbalance (neutropenia), headache, dizziness, abdominal pain, diarrhea, rash, itching.

Clopidogrel is contraindicated in the following conditions: age under 18 years, pregnancy and breastfeeding, any bleeding, liver failure, individual intolerance.

Advantages

• proven to reduce mortality;
• proven effectiveness in preventing heart attacks and strokes due to atrial fibrillation;
• proven effectiveness in preventing recurrent infarction.

Flaws

• prescription drug.

This drug does not act on platelets, but on special blood plasma proteins - clotting factors, reducing their activity. Prescribed for the treatment of acute thrombosis, in particular venous thrombi in thrombophlebitis, pulmonary embolism, as well as for the prevention of thrombus formation in atrial fibrillation. Over more than 60 years of medical use of warfarin - the first clinical results were obtained in 1955 - its advantages and disadvantages have been well studied and the drug has become a kind of “gold standard” of therapy against which the effectiveness of other, newer drugs is compared.

Warfarin, figuratively speaking, is “heavy artillery”, which is prescribed in life-threatening situations. On the other hand, its very use can cause dangerous bleeding (occurs in approximately 8% of patients), so it should be used under the supervision of a doctor, monitoring the condition of the coagulation system every 2 to 3 weeks. In case of overdose, warfarin is relatively easily neutralized by vitamin K.

Contraindications to the use of warfarin: first trimester of pregnancy, last 4 weeks of pregnancy, acute bleeding or hemorrhage of any origin, esophageal varices, reduced platelet count, gastric and duodenal ulcers, malignant hypertension, severe liver and kidney diseases.

In addition, warfarin interacts in one way or another with many drugs, including medicinal herbs: for example, regular St. John's wort reduces its effectiveness and sage, on the contrary, increases the risk of bleeding. The list of drugs that in one way or another alter the activity of warfarin is, without exaggeration, huge, and it is simply impossible to present it in full within the framework of the review. Therefore, when using this anticoagulant, the use of any other means, including folk remedies, will have to be coordinated with the attending physician (or, in extreme cases, check the interaction table in the instructions for use).

Since warfarin is neutralized by vitamin K, you must follow a diet when taking it. Liver, Brussels sprouts, parsley, green onions, cucumbers, blueberries, broccoli, and olive oil are excluded from the diet.

Advantages

• time-tested remedy;
• easily neutralized if necessary;
• extremely cheap.

Flaws

• regular monitoring of the coagulation system is necessary;
• interacts with many medications, which may change its effectiveness;
• requires dietary restrictions.

Appearing on the pharmaceutical market in 2011, this drug became the first real alternative to warfarin in the treatment of thromboembolism and stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. It does not require constant monitoring of the blood coagulation system, which in itself is a huge advantage for both patients and doctors. This is what made us include the product in the review for the heart and blood vessels.

In addition, Xarelto has several times fewer identified drug interactions. It is not combined with the antifungal drug ketoconazole, the antiviral retonavir and the antibiotic erythromycin - these drugs enhance the effect of Xarelto, which can lead to bleeding. This ends the list of “prohibited” drugs. The medicine does not require a special diet.

On the other hand, Xarelto does not have a specific antidote, which can be a real danger in case of bleeding caused by an overdose. In addition, all the advantages of the drug for most people in our country are negated by its high price.

Contraindications for use: pregnancy and breastfeeding, existing acute bleeding, individual intolerance, conditions leading to an increased risk of bleeding: gastric or duodenal ulcers, malignant neoplasms, recent injuries, impaired liver function, etc., simultaneous use of anticoagulants, age under 18 years .

Xarelto is prescribed only with a doctor's prescription!

Advantages

• no drug interactions;
• does not require long-term dosage selection;
• there is no need for frequent monitoring of the state of the blood coagulation system;

Flaws

• high price.

Review of drugs for the treatment of hypertension

High blood pressure, or, in medical terms, arterial hypertension, is a problem that affects up to 40% of women and up to 47% of men in our country. High is called “upper” - systolic - pressure more than 140 mm Hg. Art and/or “lower” – diastolic – more than 90 mm. rt. Art.

If in the last century it was believed that the main thing was to “relieve” a hypertensive crisis, and stable elevated blood pressure itself was relatively safe, now it has been reliably established that even minor hypertension is dangerous in itself. Constantly increased pressure thickens the blood vessels, making them less elastic. Due to hardening of blood vessels, kidney function is impaired. The increased load on the heart muscle - because it has to overcome greater resistance - causes excessive growth of the myocardium. This condition is called left ventricular hypertrophy. In this case, the heart muscle begins to require more oxygen, and the lumen of the coronary vessels, at best, does not increase. As a result, arterial hypertension increases the likelihood of cardiovascular disasters: heart attacks and strokes, which cause 55% of all deaths.

Since high blood pressure leads to adverse consequences even with a slight increase, the concept of “working pressure” in medicine has ceased to be relevant, and the treatment of hypertension has become lifelong. Modern blood pressure medications are aimed at preventing a rise in blood pressure, and they must be taken constantly, adjusting the dose or combining with others until a stable normal blood pressure is achieved.

It is impossible to “cure” hypertension once and for all, except when it is caused by excess weight, poor lifestyle or excess salt intake. But by constantly maintaining blood pressure within the normal range, you can avoid serious complications and reduce the likelihood of cardiovascular accidents. Most often, it is not possible to achieve the target blood pressure using only one medicine, so the drugs have to be combined.

Perindopril

Trade names: Prestarium, Perineva, Coverex

Belongs to the class of drugs - angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. That is, perindopril blocks a special enzyme that is involved in the synthesis of the hormone angiotensin II, which constricts blood vessels.

With constant use, perindopril helps restore the elasticity of the vascular wall, reduces pressure in the capillaries of the lungs, and reduces left ventricular hypertrophy, that is, excessive growth of the myocardium. Improves capillary blood circulation, and, therefore, blood supply to tissues, reduces the need for oxygen in the heart muscle. According to research, taking perindopril for 4 years reduces the risk of myocardial infarction by 19%.

It is used once a day, which is very convenient for the patient. A stable result appears after a month of therapy, so at first it may be necessary to combine perindopril with fast-acting antihypertensive drugs, for example, captopril. If for some reason the drug is stopped, withdrawal syndrome - a sharp increase in blood pressure - does not occur.

Available in tablets of 4 and 8 mg, it is recommended to start with 4 mg; if after a month the reduction in blood pressure is not enough, you need to switch to a dosage of 8 mg. If perindopril is prescribed to patients who are already taking diuretics (diuretics), you should start with 2 mg, after 1 - 2 weeks switch to 4 mg, then proceed depending on the effect obtained.

Perindopril is contraindicated in: individual intolerance, pregnancy and breastfeeding (safety has not been studied), under 18 years of age (safety has not been studied), a history of severe allergy to any ACE inhibitor (captopril, enalapril, lisinopril, etc.), bilateral stenosis (narrowing) renal arteries.

Possible side effects: dry cough, dry mouth, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, headache, skin rash, sexual dysfunction.
Perindopril is available with a doctor's prescription.

Advantages

• It is enough to take once a day;
• prevents changes in the vascular wall and myocardium caused by high blood pressure;
• improves the condition of chronic heart failure.

Flaws

• a stable result is achieved only after a month of constant use;
• with an acute rise in blood pressure, it acts too slowly.

Losartan

Trade names: Lorista, Lozap, Vasotens, Cozaar, Losarel.

Belongs to a group of drugs - angiotensin II receptor blockers, also known as angiotensin II antagonists.

Losartan is the first and most studied medicine from this group. It protects the body from the action of the hormone angiotensin II. Dilates excessively narrowed blood vessels, reduces pressure in the capillaries of the lungs, protects against sodium retention and, as a result, water in the body. Reduces left ventricular hypertrophy. Protects renal vessels from the effects of high blood pressure (has an anti-sclerotic effect on renal tissue). Improves the condition of chronic heart failure. According to studies, when used for 5 years, losartran reduces the likelihood of stroke by 25%.

The drug is taken once a day; after starting the treatment, a stable effect is achieved after 3 – 6 weeks.

Recommended daily dose 50 mg. People taking diuretics or suffering from chronic heart failure are recommended to start taking 12.5 mg (a quarter of a tablet), increasing the dosage once a week.

Losartran is contraindicated: with individual intolerance, under the age of 18 years (efficacy and safety have not been tested), during pregnancy and breastfeeding, with dehydration, with a decrease in the level of potassium in the blood.

Possible side effects: nasal congestion, headache, increased fatigue, nausea, decreased appetite, abdominal pain, a sharp decrease in blood pressure when moving from a lying to a sitting position.

Sold by prescription.

Advantages

• applied once a day;
• protects the kidneys from complications of arterial hypertension;
• helps prevent left ventricular hypertrophy.

Flaws

• a stable effect is achieved only after several weeks of use.

Carvedilol

Trade names: Dilatrend, Talliton, Carvidil, Acridilol.

Belongs to the group of alpha and beta adrenergic blockers. Blocks adrenaline receptors, preventing vasoconstriction and promoting the dilation of arterioles.

Carvedilol prevents myocardial hypertrophy. It has an antianginal effect, that is, it reduces the frequency of angina attacks. According to research, the drug reduces the risk of death by 28% in patients with degrees II and III heart failure. Helps normalize plasma lipid composition, reducing the amount of “bad” cholesterol. Stimulates the action of other antihypertensive drugs.

Carvedilol is recommended to be taken orally, 2 times a day. Start with a dosage of 6.25 mg or half a tablet (total 12.5 mg per day), after 1 - 2 weeks the dosage is increased to 25 mg per day, if it is ineffective, after another 2 weeks the dose can be increased to 50 mg / day.

The product is strictly contraindicated in the following conditions: individual intolerance, systolic, “upper” pressure below 87 mmHg. Art., severe heart failure, marked slowing of heart rate, cardiogenic shock, bronchial asthma, severe liver disease, arrhythmias: atrioventricular block 2 - 3 degrees, sinoatrial block, sick sinus syndrome.

Not recommended for use when vasospastic angina, diabetes mellitus, peripheral vascular disease, diabetes mellitus, pheochromocytoma, low sugar levels, hyperthyroidism, psoriasis, renal dysfunction, age under 18 years and over 65 years.

Possible side effects: dizziness, weakness, sharp decrease in blood pressure, fainting, circulatory disorders in the extremities, blood disorders (decrease in the number of leukocytes, platelets), sleep disorder, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, nasal congestion, urination problems.

For use only with a doctor's prescription.

Advantages

• reduces the number of angina attacks.

Flaws

• requires a gradual increase in dosage;
• a large number of restrictions on use.

Review of drugs for the treatment of coronary artery disease

By and large, many drugs that could be mentioned in this section of the review have already been described in detail in other parts. In the treatment of coronary heart disease, drugs that reduce blood viscosity - antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants - are also widely used; and antihypertensive drugs, among the effects of which is the ability to prevent attacks of ischemia. As additional therapy, agents are used that improve the metabolism of the heart muscle, which we will mention below, and even dietary supplements. Therefore, in this section we want to dwell on the drugs that are primarily associated among ordinary people with the treatment of coronary artery disease: nitrates, in particular nitroglycerin, and agents for normalizing the lipid composition of plasma, that is, reducing the amount of “bad” cholesterol.

Trade names: Nitromint, Nitrospray, Nitrocor, Nitrong, Sustak Forte, Trinitrolong.

This is perhaps the most famous “heart” remedy. Nitroglycerin has traditionally been used to relieve or prevent chest pain. Acute pain in coronary heart disease occurs due to impaired blood flow and lack of oxygen. By dilating the blood vessels of the heart, nitroglycerin restores blood flow and relieves pain.

In order to relieve an attack that has already occurred, the drug is used in a fast-acting form. These can be tablets that are placed under the tongue - so they enter the bloodstream within 1.5 minutes, bypassing the liver - or sprays that are sprayed, again, under the tongue. The duration of the effect of fast-acting forms does not exceed 30 minutes.

Long-acting nitroglycerin can be either in tablets or in the form of an ointment, which begins to act after half an hour and retains the effect for up to 6 hours; or a patch with a duration of action of 18, 24 or even 32 hours. Nitroglycerin in such forms, as well as any long-acting nitrates, are often addictive, which reduces their effectiveness. Therefore, when using ointments and patches, it is recommended to remove them at night, so that during this period the drug is absent from the body and sensitivity to it is restored. For the same reason, nitroglycerin is usually recommended not for constant use, but before possible physical or emotional stress.

The most common side effects when using nitroglycerin are headache, flushing and orthostatic hypotension, that is, a sharp decrease in blood pressure when moving from a lying position to a standing position.

Nitroglycerin is contraindicated in: low blood pressure, myocardial infarction with systolic blood pressure below 90 mm. rt. Art., heart rate less than 50 beats per minute, cerebral hemorrhage, increased intracranial pressure, toxic pulmonary edema, pregnancy, breastfeeding.

Available without a prescription.

Advantages

• famous. a drug that has been proven in practice for a long time,
• over-the-counter release,
• low price.

Flaws

• if taken uncontrolled, it can sharply reduce blood pressure,
• with constant use, the effectiveness decreases.

Rosuvastatin

Trade names: Roxera, Crestor, Rosucard, Rozulip, Mertenil, Tevastor.

Belongs to the group of statins - drugs that reduce the activity of cholesterol synthesis by the liver.

In addition to directly blocking the enzyme involved in the synthesis of the direct precursor of cholesterol, rosuvastatin increases the uptake from the blood and destruction of cholesterol by liver cells. Thus, the content of “bad” cholesterol (low-density lipoproteins and very low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides) decreases, which slows down the progression of atherosclerosis, and, therefore, the narrowing of coronary (and not only) vessels.

During the clinical use of the drug - since 2003 - rosuvastatin has become one of the most studied statins, which forced us to include it in the review of drugs for the heart and blood vessels.

Rosuvastatin can be prescribed both to people with existing coronary artery disease and to those who have elevated plasma cholesterol levels, but there are no clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis, such as coronary artery disease or cerebrovascular accident. The drug is also recommended for patients with diabetes, since this disease is also often accompanied by increased cholesterol levels and atherosclerosis.

According to research, regular use of rosuvastatin can reduce the number of cholesterol plaques in the carotid coronary and other large arteries by 40%, but this effect does not appear earlier than after 9 months of use.

Rosuvastatin is started at a dosage of 5 or 10 mg per day; after 4 weeks, depending on the effect achieved, the dosage can be increased to the recommended 20 mg per day. In severe cases, the dose can be increased to 40 mg, but this is fraught with an increase in the number of adverse events.

It should be noted that Rosuvastatin is involved in a large number of drug interactions. For example, when used simultaneously with clopidogrel (which, as you remember, is often used in the treatment of coronary artery disease), its effect is enhanced almost 2 times. And when used simultaneously with hormonal contraceptives, rosuvastatin increases the activity of the latter by almost a third. All these aspects are discussed in detail in the instructions for use and must be taken into account when taking the medicine.

There are also side effects. Rosuvastatin can provoke the development of conditions such as: diabetes mellitus type 2, headache, dizziness, nausea, abdominal pain, constipation, muscle pain, the appearance of protein in the urine.

The drug is strictly contraindicated for: pregnancy, acute and exacerbation of chronic liver diseases, myopathies, severe renal failure, excessive alcohol consumption.

Rosuvastatin must be prescribed by a doctor and is available with a prescription.

Advantages

• proven to reduce the amount of cholesterol in the blood plasma by 40-50% (efficacy depends on the dose);
• helps reduce the number of atherosclerotic plaques.

Flaws

• effectiveness varies when combined with other drugs,
• relatively high incidence of adverse events.

Review of means to improve heart muscle metabolism

In this section of the review, we included drugs from different pharmacological groups, united by one common property - they reduce the sensitivity of the heart muscle to lack of oxygen and improve metabolic processes.

Trimetazidine

Trade names: Preductal, Predizim, Deprenorm, Rimekor.

Optimizes the metabolism and function of muscle cells of the heart and nerve cells of the brain. Transfers them to a more rational use of incoming oxygen, protects them from oxidative stress that occurs during ischemia. With regular use (at least 2 weeks), it reduces the frequency of angina attacks, increases resistance to physical activity, and levels out changes in blood pressure.

The product is quite safe - allergic reactions are possible among the undesirable effects, rarely - headache, palpitations.

Contraindicated in pregnancy, breastfeeding, and children under 18 years of age, since for obvious reasons it is impossible to conduct a study of efficacy and safety in these groups of people. In addition, it is not recommended for use in cases of severe impairment of liver and kidney function.

Available with prescription

Advantages

• reduces the frequency of heart attacks,
• reduces the need for nitrates in patients with coronary artery disease,
• helps normalize blood pressure.

Flaws

• prescription drug.

Meldonium

Trade names: Mildronate, Meldonium Organica, Idrinol

After the doping scandal, when this drug was “outlawed” in big sports, many forgot that meldonium (known in Russia as Mildronate) was originally developed for people with cardiovascular diseases: it increases the resistance of the heart muscle to a lack of oxygen. Meldonium improves metabolism in the heart muscle (and other striated muscles too), improves exercise tolerance, promotes better resistance to stress, increased performance, and reduces symptoms of both physical and psychological stress.

Use 500 mg 2 times a day. The prophylactic course lasts 10–14 days, with increased physical activity it can be extended to 21 days; as part of complex therapy, the duration of the course is 4–6 weeks.

Dispensed by prescription.

Advantages

• wide spectrum of action - can be taken not only “for the heart”, but also to improve performance.

Flaws

• prescription drug.

Modern dietary supplements

These products are created to supply the body with substances. which can positively affect the condition of blood vessels and the heart. but at the same time they are supplied with food in extremely small quantities or not at all. These can be vitamins, microelements, vitamin-like substances (unlike vitamins, they can be synthesized by the body, but not in such quantities to compensate for the deficiency), coenzymes (substances that regulate the activity of enzymes) and others.

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are most often mentioned in the context of cardiovascular disease prevention. Indeed, these substances have the following effects:

1. hypocholesterolemic – help reduce plasma cholesterol levels;
2. hypotriglyceridemic – regulate the amount of plasma fats;
3. antiatherogenic – help prevent atherosclerosis;
4. antithrombogenic – normalize blood clotting, preventing the formation of blood clots in the area of ​​cholesterol plaques and blockage of blood vessels;
5. vasodilating (hypotensive) – helps relax the smooth muscles of the vascular wall, expand the lumen of blood vessels and lower blood pressure;
6. anti-inflammatory - for a cholesterol plaque to begin to form, a local focus of inflammation is needed in the area of ​​the vascular wall - only under this condition can cholesterol penetrate through the inner lining of the vessel (endothelium) into the deeper layers, forming a plaque;
7. antiarrhythmic,
8. cardioprotective.

But besides this, Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have other effects. They participate in the formation of cells of the nervous tissue and retina, increase the quality of sleep in children and adults, help reduce the symptoms of depression, and regulate the functioning of the immune system. Some studies confirm the positive effect of omega-3 PUFAs in autoimmune diseases and atopic dermatitis.

The American Heart Association recommends that healthy people consume at least 500 mg of Omega-3 PUFAs daily, while American cardiologists advise people with existing coronary heart disease to take at least 1000 mg of Omega-3 PUFAs daily. Russian Rospotrebnadzor believes that a healthy person needs from 800 to 1600 mg of Omega-3 per day.

Omega-3 produced by Evalar contains 1000 mg of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which allows you to fill the daily requirement according to both international and domestic recommendations with just one capsule per day. Those who decide to follow the advice of American cardiologists and maintain heart and vascular health by consuming 500 mg of omega-3 can take one capsule every other day.

Advantages

• convenient dosage;
• low price.

Flaws

This product is based on dihydroquercetin, a biologically active substance of plant origin (bioflavonoid). In addition, the preparation contains ubiquinone (coenzyme Q10), vitamin C and selenium.

Dihydroquercetin has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, helps reduce the level of “bad” cholesterol. It improves microcirculation - blood flow in the capillaries, helping to normalize blood circulation in the heart muscle. In combination with vitamin C, it increases the strength and elasticity of the vascular wall.

Selenium not only protects the body from stress, but also has antioxidant properties. According to some studies, if there is a deficiency of selenium in the body, the likelihood of developing coronary heart disease increases by 70%.

Coenzyme Q10 is involved in the production of energy by cells, stabilizes cell membranes, and supports the activity of enzymes necessary for the normal functioning of myocardial cells. Has an antiarrhythmic effect, slows down the development of atherosclerosis.

Take 1 tablet 3 times a day. Course duration is 1 – 2 months.

We will not list the functions of all twenty components that make up the dietary supplement; we will focus only on some of them:

Magnesium, an “anti-stress” mineral. Regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins, energy supply to the heart muscle, promotes relaxation of vascular smooth muscles (improving blood flow). Affects coagulation, preventing increased thrombus formation.

Folic acid is necessary for the growth and development of all organs and tissues, especially for the formation of blood cells.

Vitamin B1 – is involved in almost all metabolic reactions and is necessary for the normal functioning of muscles and the heart. central nervous system.

Vitamin B12 – affects hematopoiesis, regulates blood clotting processes

Lecithin is a component of cell membranes and nervous tissue, helps normalize fat metabolism, improves the functioning of the cardiovascular system.

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, the positive effects of which on the body we described in detail above. It should be noted that the drug contains 450 mg of omega-3, which is suitable for healthy people, but not enough for those who already suffer from cardiovascular diseases.

Vitamin E is a powerful antioxidant that slows down aging, protecting cells from the action of reactive oxygen species that are formed both during intoxication (especially exposure to heavy metals) and ischemia (insufficient blood supply).

Ascorbic acid – makes the walls of blood vessels stronger.

Selenium is another powerful antioxidant. It also increases the body's resistance to stress.

There are a total of 84 capsules in the package, 3 of each type, that is, for 28 days. The recommended course duration is 2 months.

Advantages

• magnesium, selenium provide protection against stress;
• The multicomponent composition provides support for the body in several areas.

Flaws

• suboptimal omega-3 dosage;
• the need to take pills 3 times a day;
• high price.

Concluding our review of drugs for the heart and blood vessels, we cannot help but note that according to WHO experts, a person’s health is only 20% dependent on the development of medicine, including the medications he takes, and 80% is the result of lifestyle. Here are their recommendations for those who want to maintain the health of their heart and blood vessels for a long time.

Limit salt intake to 5 g per day. Excess salt retains fluid, which, in turn, leads to increased blood pressure and strain on the heart. Excess salt can enter the body with foods such as canned food, semi-finished products, sausages, pickles, and marinades.

Move at least 150 minutes a week (a little more than 20 minutes a day). It is not necessary to work out in the gym to the point of exhaustion - the concept of “move” also includes walking, cycling, household chores, and active games with children.

Try to keep your weight within normal limits. This means that the value, determined by the formula: weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters, should not be lower than 18.5 and higher than 24.99. Both underweight and excess body weight increase the risk of death from cardiovascular disease.

Monitor your blood pressure. Blood pressure above 140/90 is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. If your family does not suffer from hypertension, measure your blood pressure at least once every six months. If your parents suffer from this disease, have a blood pressure monitor at home and measure your blood pressure regularly. When you consult a doctor, remember that modern blood pressure medications are not aimed at “bringing down” already elevated blood pressure, but are designed to prevent it from increasing. Therefore, they are taken constantly, every day, for life.

If, despite following these recommendations, your heart still begins to give you anxiety, do not self-medicate, consult a doctor!

*The popularity rating is based on an analysis of demand data from the wordstat.yandex.ru service.
Attention! This rating is subjective, is not an advertisement and does not serve as a purchase guide. Before purchasing, consultation with a specialist is required.

Today, the list of drugs used to treat diseases of the cardiovascular system is huge. It is most convenient to classify drugs for the heart and blood vessels based on their focus, as well as the principle of their effect.

Main groups of drugs

In the treatment of vascular and heart diseases, drugs from the following groups are used:

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To make this list clear to you, let’s look at each of the above groups.

Adrenergic blockers and adrenergic stimulants

Adrenergic blockers and adrenergic stimulants are drugs for blood vessels that have diametrically opposite effects. All of them affect vascular adrenergic receptors, which are of two types - α- and β-. The main difference between the above types of receptors is their localization.

Most α-adrenergic receptors are localized in peripheral arteries and arterioles, but most β-adrenergic receptors are located in the coronary arteries and respiratory tract arteries. The walls of the veins do not contain such receptors, therefore, such drugs do not affect them. And the diametrical opposite mentioned above is this:

Among the commonly used adrenergic blockers:

• Alfuzosin;
• Prazosin;
• Atenolol;
• Bisoprolol;
• Metoprolol;
• Nebivolol.

The main direction of their use is the treatment of diseases associated with a stable increase in blood pressure. These drugs have various forms of release, among which tablets are the most popular.

Among the popular adrenergic stimulants: Isoprenaline, Dobutamine. The main direction of their use in cardiology is the treatment of cardiac rhythm and conduction disorders. These drugs also have different release forms, with injectable and tablet forms being in approximately equal demand.

Angioprotectors and microcirculation correctors

This is one group of vascular drugs that provide two main effects:

• angioprotection, that is, protection of the walls of arteries, veins, capillaries from the effects of negative factors;
• optimization of blood flow at the microcirculatory level.

Such medications usually affect both the arterial and venous systems. Angioprotectors ensure stabilization of vascular tone, reduction of microcirculatory permeability, and improvement of tissue trophism. Many of them have additional effects, such as anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, etc.

Among the representatives of this group of drugs:

• Agapurin;
• Anavenol;
• Bilobil;
• Chime;
• Mexico;
• Mexiprim;
• Troxevasin;
• Troxerutin and others.

They are used in the complex treatment of many diseases, including:

That is, they are indicated in cases where any pathological processes affect the walls of blood vessels. The list of possible forms of release of angioprotectors is quite wide. It includes tablets, capsules, injection solutions, IV systems, as well as creams, gels and ointments.

Angiotensin type 2 receptor antagonists

Angiotensin-II is a powerful vasoconstrictor, that is, a vasoconstrictor. Medicines that cause a block of the corresponding receptors prevent the development of vasoconstriction. Consequently, the main effect of these drugs is to reduce the peripheral vascular resistance of the body, which can be used in the complex therapy of hypertension.

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Among the representatives of this group:

Since such drugs are designed for long-term use to correct blood pressure, the most acceptable form of release for them is tablets.

Antianginal drugs

Antianginal drugs are medications for the heart, the main effect of which is the elimination of myocardial ischemia. This effect can be realized through:

• reducing preload on the myocardium;
• activation of blood supply, therefore, nutrition of the myocardium;
• reducing the oxygen demand of cardiomyocytes.

Antianginal medications, as a rule, act in a complex manner. The list of representatives includes:

The indication for their use is any clinical form of myocardial ischemia. This could be an attack of angina, exacerbation of coronary heart disease, etc.

The above-mentioned nitrates differ in a variety of dosage forms. They are available in the form of tablets, capsules, solution (both for injections and for oral administration, sublingually), aerosol and even ointment. Patients can choose the form that will be most suitable for treatment.

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Antiarrhythmic drugs

These drugs primarily affect the cardiac rhythm and conduction system. They are divided into 4 groups:

• class 1 antiarrhythmics;
• class 2 antiarrhythmics;
• antiarrhythmics class 3;
• Class 4 antiarrhythmics.

Classes 3 and 4 include relatively new drugs that have an optimally balanced effect on the conduction system of the heart. Among the popular representatives:

The introduction of some of them requires the installation of a dropper (a puncture of a peripheral vein is needed), while some can be taken orally (in the form of tablets).

Calcium channel blockers

Calcium channel blockers realize the effect of their influence at the cellular level. They change the function of ion pumps in the structure of cell membranes, blocking the flow of calcium ions into the cells. As a result of this, the smooth muscle cells in the structure of the arterial walls (such drugs do not affect the veins) lose the ability to actively contract, the tone of the entire arterial bed, the peripheral vascular resistance of the body, and, consequently, blood pressure decrease.

This group includes the following medications:

The main indication for their use is arterial hypertension. They are usually used in the form of tablets, but they can also be administered through injections (into a peripheral vein); droppers are not used. Injections of these drugs are best performed in a hospital setting.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

ACE inhibitors are another group of drugs that primarily affect the arterial system (they do not affect the veins) in order to lower blood pressure. The effect of their influence is realized as follows:

• the active ingredient of the drug blocks the work of the enzyme, which normally catalyzes the transformation of angiotensin-I into angiotensin-II;
• the function of angiotensin-II is vasoconstriction, but it is not realized, because the corresponding substance is not formed;
• therefore, the factor that constricts blood vessels is eliminated.

Thus, ACEIs effectively reduce blood pressure. They are quite often included in complex therapy for hypertension. Among the popular representatives:

All of these are tablets for blood vessels, designed for long-term and sometimes lifelong use. They are quite effective and well tolerated by patients.

Antispasmodics and peripheral vasodilators

The antispasmodic effect implies the elimination of pathological spasm of arteries and veins, and vasodilation means their additional expansion. Most modern antispasmodics realize both of the above effects.

Among the effective drugs in this group:

All these drugs have found fairly widespread use in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. They are used not only to relieve vascular spasm, but also in complex therapy of atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension, systemic connective tissue diseases, as well as coronary heart disease. After all, antispasmodics not only eliminate spasms, but also provide activation of nutrition to tissues that have experienced ischemia.

Antispasmodics and vasodilators are produced both in the form of tablets, capsules, and in the form of injection solutions, including for setting up IVs. To relieve acute symptoms of spasm, it is better to use injectable forms, but for chronic pathology it is better to use tablets.

Glycosides and non-glycoside cardiotonics

Cardiotonics are one of the most powerful pharmacological drugs that affect the cardiovascular system. All cardiotonics are divided into:

• glycosides;
• preparations of non-glycoside structure.

They differ only in their chemical composition, while having the same mechanism of influence. The main effect of these drugs is the activation and further support of myocardial function (the so-called “positive inotropic effect”). In addition, they reduce heart rate and increase cardiac output.

Among the commonly used glycosides:

Among medications with a non-glycoside structure:

• Amrinon;
• Milrinone;
• Adonis-Brom.

The drugs are used to treat acute and chronic cardiac failure, cardiac decompensation, as well as some types of arrhythmias. All of these are quite serious diseases that are best treated with cardiotonics. The optimal route of administration of the latter is injection into a peripheral vein.

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• Do you often experience unpleasant sensations in the head area (pain, dizziness)?
• You may suddenly feel weak and tired...
• I constantly feel high blood pressure...
• there is nothing to say about shortness of breath after the slightest physical exertion...

Did you know that all these symptoms indicate INCREASED CHOLESTEROL levels in your body? And all that is necessary is to bring cholesterol back to normal. Now answer the question: are you satisfied with this? Can ALL THESE SYMPTOMS be tolerated? How much time have you already wasted on ineffective treatment? After all, sooner or later the SITUATION WILL GET WORSE.

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