Continuous industrial progress and rapid development of science in the modern era have led to the widespread use of various household electrical appliances and electronic equipment. This creates great convenience for people in work, study and everyday life, and, at the same time, causes hidden harm to their health.

Science has proven that all consumer electronics, when used, generate electromagnetic waves of different frequencies to varying degrees. Electromagnetic waves are colorless, odorless, invisible, intangible, but at the same time they have great penetrating power, so that a person is defenseless against them. They have already become a new source of environmental pollution, gradually eroding the human body, negatively affecting human health, causing various diseases.

Electronic radiation has already become a new environmental disaster on a global scale.
To date, four International Congresses have been held around the world on the effects of low and ultra-low radiation on human health. The issue is recognized as so urgent that the problem of “electronic smog” has been put by the World Health Organization (WHO) in first place in terms of the danger of impact on human health. WHO considers “the current level of modern electromagnetic radiation and its impact on the population to be more dangerous than the effect of residual nuclear ionizing radiation.”

The International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection of the countries of the European Union recommends that the governments of all states take the most effective preventive and technical means and measures to protect the population from the effects of “electromagnetic smog.” Special literature published in our country and abroad indicates the following manifestations of the harmful effects of electromagnetic radiation on the human body:

a gene mutation that increases the likelihood of cancer;
disturbances in the normal electrophysiology of the human body, which causes headaches, insomnia, tachycardia;
eye damage causing various ophthalmological diseases, in severe cases – up to complete loss of vision;
modification of signals sent by hormones of the parathyroid glands on cell membranes, inhibition of bone growth in children;
disruption of the transmembrane flow of calcium ions, which interferes with the normal development of the body in children and adolescents;
the cumulative effect that occurs with repeated harmful exposure to radiation ultimately leads to irreversible negative changes.

Biological effects of electromagnetic fields

Experimental data from both domestic and foreign researchers indicate high biological activity of EMF in all frequency ranges. At relatively high levels of irradiating EMF, modern theory recognizes a thermal mechanism of action. At a relatively low level of EMF (for example, for radio frequencies above 300 MHz it is less than 1 mW/cm2), it is customary to talk about the non-thermal or informational nature of the impact on the body. Numerous studies in the field of biological effects of EMF will allow us to determine the most sensitive systems of the human body: nervous, immune, endocrine and reproductive. These body systems are critical. The reactions of these systems must be taken into account when assessing the risk of EMF exposure to the population.
The biological effect of EMF under conditions of long-term exposure accumulates over many years, resulting in the development of long-term consequences, including degenerative processes of the central nervous system, blood cancer (leukemia), brain tumors, and hormonal diseases. EMFs can be especially dangerous for children, pregnant women (embryos), people with diseases of the central nervous, hormonal, and cardiovascular systems, allergy sufferers, and people with weakened immune systems.

Effect on the immune system

Currently, sufficient data have been accumulated indicating the negative impact of EMF on the immunological reactivity of the body. The results of research by Russian scientists give reason to believe that when exposed to EMF, the processes of immunogenesis are disrupted, more often in the direction of their inhibition. It has also been established that in animals irradiated with EMF, the nature of the infectious process changes - the course of the infectious process is aggravated. The occurrence of autoimmunity is associated not so much with a change in the antigenic structure of tissues, but with the pathology of the immune system, as a result of which it reacts against normal tissue antigens. According to this concept, the basis of all autoimmune conditions is primarily immunodeficiency in the thymus-dependent cell population of lymphocytes. The influence of high-intensity EMF on the body’s immune system is manifested in a suppressive effect on the T-system of cellular immunity. EMFs can contribute to nonspecific inhibition of immunogenesis, increased formation of antibodies to fetal tissues and stimulation of an autoimmune reaction in the body of a pregnant female.

Effect on the nervous system

A large number of studies carried out in Russia, and the monographic generalizations made, give grounds to classify the nervous system as one of the most sensitive systems in the human body to the effects of EMFs. At the level of the nerve cell, structural formations for the transmission of nerve impulses (synapse), at the level of isolated nerve structures, significant deviations occur when exposed to low-intensity EMF. Higher nervous activity and memory change in people who have contact with EMF. These individuals may be prone to developing stress reactions. Certain brain structures have increased sensitivity to EMF. Changes in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier can lead to unexpected adverse effects. The nervous system of the embryo exhibits particularly high sensitivity to EMF.

Effect on sexual function

Sexual dysfunction is usually associated with changes in its regulation by the nervous and neuroendocrine systems. Related to this are the results of work on studying the state of gonadotropic activity of the pituitary gland under the influence of EMF.

Repeated exposure to EMF causes a decrease in the activity of the pituitary gland

Any environmental factor that affects the female body during pregnancy and affects embryonic development is considered teratogenic. Many scientists attribute EMF to this group of factors.
Of primary importance in teratogenesis studies is the stage of pregnancy during which EMF exposure occurs. It is generally accepted that EMFs can, for example, cause deformities by acting at different stages of pregnancy. Although there are periods of maximum sensitivity to EMF. The most vulnerable periods are usually the early stages of embryo development, corresponding to the periods of implantation and early organogenesis.

An opinion was expressed about the possibility of a specific effect of EMF on the sexual function of women and on the embryo. A higher sensitivity to the effects of EMF of the ovaries than the testes was noted. It has been established that the sensitivity of the embryo to EMF is much higher than the sensitivity of the maternal body, and intrauterine damage to the fetus by EMF can occur at any stage of its development. The results of epidemiological studies will allow us to conclude that the presence of contact of women with electromagnetic radiation can lead to premature birth, affect the development of the fetus and, finally, increase the risk of developing congenital deformities.

Effect on the endocrine system and neurohumoral response

In the works of Russian scientists back in the 60s, in the interpretation of the mechanism of functional disorders under the influence of EMF, the leading place was given to changes in the pituitary-adrenal system. Studies have shown that under the influence of EMF, as a rule, stimulation of the pituitary-adrenaline system occurred, which was accompanied by an increase in the content of adrenaline in the blood and activation of blood coagulation processes. It was recognized that one of the systems that is early and naturally involved in the body's response to the influence of various environmental factors is the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal cortex system. The research results confirmed this position.

The earliest clinical manifestations of the consequences of exposure to EM radiation on humans are functional disorders of the nervous system, manifested primarily in the form of autonomic dysfunctions, neurasthenic and asthenic syndrome. Persons who have been in the area of EM radiation for a long time complain of weakness, irritability, fatigue, weakened memory, and sleep disturbances.

Often these symptoms are accompanied by disorders of autonomic functions. Disorders of the cardiovascular system are manifested, as a rule, by neurocirculatory dystonia: lability of pulse and blood pressure, tendency to hypotension, pain in the heart, etc. Phase changes in the composition of peripheral blood (lability of indicators) are also noted with the subsequent development of moderate leukopenia, neuropenia, erythrocytopenia . Changes in the bone marrow are in the nature of a reactive compensatory stress of regeneration. Typically, these changes occur in people who, due to the nature of their work, were constantly exposed to EM radiation with a fairly high intensity. Those working with MF and EMF, as well as the population living in the area affected by EMF, complain of irritability and impatience. After 1-3 years, some people develop a feeling of internal tension and fussiness. Attention and memory are impaired. There are complaints about low sleep efficiency and fatigue. Considering the important role of the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus in the implementation of human mental functions, it can be expected that prolonged repeated exposure to maximum permissible EM radiation (especially in the decimeter wavelength range) can lead to mental disorders.

In urban conditions, our body is under continuous influence of electromagnetic radiation.

Electromagnetic radiation is disturbances of the electromagnetic field propagating in space. The human body has its own electromagnetic field (also called an aura), which promotes the harmonious functioning of all organs and systems. If another (more powerful) electromagnetic field begins to affect the human body, this may lead to a disruption in the normal functioning of the body, which leads to the development of diseases.

Sources of electromagnetic radiation are household electrical appliances, mobile phones, office equipment, as well as vehicles (electric motors) and power lines.

It is worth noting that the opinions of scientists regarding the effects of electromagnetic waves are ambiguous. Some claim that it is harmful, while others, due to the lack of an indisputable evidence base, do not see any harm in electromagnetic radiation.

How does an electromagnetic field work?

The electromagnetic field, which is created by operating electrical appliances, can cause the movement of elementary particles: electrons, ions, protons and molecules. In turn, the cells of any living organism (from bacteria to humans) contain a large number of charged molecules (proteins, amino acids, phospholipids and others). When exposed to a strong electromagnetic field, charged molecules begin to perform oscillatory movements, which can lead to certain changes in the functioning of cells and the body as a whole.

Growing tissues and embryos are most susceptible to electromagnetic radiation. In addition, there is indirect evidence that electromagnetic radiation negatively affects the functioning of muscle and nervous tissue, contributing to the development of insomnia, as well as disorders of the nervous, cardiovascular and digestive systems.

Electromagnetic fields can be more or less aggressive, depending on the power of the operating electrical appliance. The higher the power, the higher the aggressiveness of the emitted waves.

At the same time, it should be noted that the influence of electromagnetic waves is not necessarily negative. Thus, in physiotherapy, exposure to electromagnetic radiation is widely used to treat many diseases. A number of devices used in physiotherapy promote wound healing, relieve inflammation and other therapeutic effects.

Home electrical appliances

In order to minimize the harmful effects of electromagnetic waves, some experts give advice on how to correctly position electrical appliances in a residential area. The areas where people spend the most time should not be within the range of action of household appliances. This is a dining table, a sofa and a sleeping bed. Therefore, many scientists and doctors do not advise placing mobile phones and computers near you before going to bed. Some doctors associate frequent sleep disorders with this habit.

The sleeping place should not be placed close to the wall. Maintain a distance of at least 10 cm, especially if you live in a house with reinforced concrete floors. Floor heating systems that generate electromagnetic waves up to 1 meter cause particular harm to our body. It is better not to install such systems under the bed, and in order to neutralize the negative impact of floor heating systems, you can use special coatings (paints, fabric materials) with a shielding effect.

Power lines and antennas

Today, there are several explanations for the harmful effects of power lines on human health. According to one version, high-voltage power lines lead to the ionization of dust particles, which in turn enter the human body with inhaled air. Charged particles enter the lungs, where they transfer charges to lung cells, impairing their function. Therefore, residential buildings are not built in close proximity to power lines.

As for cellular antennas, the electromagnetic waves they emit are concentrated into one stream (beam), which is usually directed towards and near nearby buildings. Of course, theoretically, such antennas can harm people’s health, however, according to studies conducted in different European countries, in more than 90% of cases the level of electromagnetic radiation was almost 50 times less than permissible. Therefore, cellular antennas are relatively safe for human health.

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Content

Introduction 3

Mechanism of influence of electromagnetic radiation 5

The influence of electromagnetic rays emanating from cell phones on the human body 6

The influence of the computer on the health of a teenager 8

4. Materials and results of our own research 11

Findings from Study 12

References 13

Appendix 1 14

Appendix 2 15

Appendix 3 17

Introduction

Since the 60s of the last century, a scientific and technical breakthrough in science and technology began. It was at that time that the first computers and radiotelephones were invented, and the first satellite communications were developed and launched. In parallel with these innovations, the number of sources of electromagnetic radiation common at that time increased: radar stations; radio relay stations; television towers. Around the same time, advanced industrial countries began to become interested in the effects of electromagnetic radiation on human health.

The greatest danger to humans is the influence of electromagnetic radiation with a frequency of 40 - 70 GHz, which is due to the commensurability of the length of electromagnetic waves with the size of human cells.

Over the past 20 years, the number of devices and devices using electricity in the world has increased a thousand times. Now electronics, which we can no longer do without, accompany us around the clock both at work and at leisure. Televisions, microwave ovens, mobile phones, computers, on the one hand, help us, but on the other hand, they pose an invisible but sure threat to our health - electromagnetic smog - a set of EM radiation from man-made instruments and devices. Most people are exposed to EMFs of varying levels and frequencies every day at work and at home.

As a result of experiments, scientists have established that electromagnetic waves are capable of interacting with living organisms and transferring their energy to them. Now it’s no secret to anyone that a person is capable of absorbing the energy of electromagnetic waves of a wide range of frequencies, which subsequently leads to heating of living structures and cell death. Scientists propose recognizing the impact of the electromagnetic field on human health as one of the most dangerous factors and taking strict measures to protect the world's population.

That is why the problem of the impact of electromagnetic fields on the human body is very relevant to date.

Purpose of the research work is to attract public attention to the problem of the influence of electromagnetic radiation on human health.

Objectives of the research work:

1. Study the influence of the electromagnetic field on the human body.

2. Identify the main harmful factors of the influence of a computer and mobile phone on the human body.

3. Conduct your own research.

4. Based on the results of the study, develop important recommendations for eliminating or reducing the impact of electromagnetic fields on human health.

5. Use the received material for events to promote a healthy lifestyle as part of the college-wide project “Young Doctor”.

Mechanism of influence of electromagnetic radiation

Experimental data from both domestic and foreign researchers indicate high biological activity of electromagnetic fields in all frequency ranges. At relatively high levels of the irradiating electromagnetic field, modern theory recognizes a thermal mechanism of action. At a relatively low level, it is customary to talk about the non-thermal or informational nature of the impact on the body. The mechanisms of action of EMF in this case are still poorly understood.

The biological response is influenced by the following parameters of the electromagnetic field: intensity of the electromagnetic field; radiation frequency; duration of irradiation; signal modulation; combination of frequencies of electromagnetic fields; frequency of action.

The combination of the above parameters can give significantly different consequences for the reaction of the irradiated biological object. Electromagnetic radiation can be especially dangerous for children, pregnant women, people with diseases of the central nervous, hormonal, cardiovascular systems, allergy sufferers, and people with weakened immune systems. Persons who have been in the area of EM radiation for a long time complain of weakness, irritability, fatigue, weakened memory, and sleep disturbances.

At the moment, science has proven the connection: in places where people are exposed to electromagnetic radiation, cancer and disorders of the cardiovascular and autonomic nervous systems are more often detected.

It is clear to everyone that electromagnetic radiation poses a real threat to human health. It turns out that electromagnetic and radiation fields are close in some of their parameters. This has been proven by both Russian and foreign scientists. Research conducted in these areas is very promising; their results are now even difficult to imagine and evaluate.

As for EM radiation, it has the greatest impact on the immune, nervous, endocrine and reproductive systems.

Numerous studies in the field of the biological effects of electromagnetic fields have identified the most sensitive systems of the body: nervous, immune, endocrine, and reproductive. The biological effect of electromagnetic fields under conditions of long-term exposure accumulates, as a result of which the development of long-term consequences is possible - degenerative processes in the central nervous system, neoplasms, hormonal diseases. Children, pregnant women, and people with disorders in the cardiovascular, hormonal, nervous, and immune systems are especially sensitive to electromagnetic fields.

Effect on the nervous system. The transmission of nerve impulses is disrupted. As a result, autonomic dysfunctions (neurasthenic and asthenic syndrome), complaints of weakness, irritability, fatigue, and sleep disturbances appear; Higher nervous activity is disrupted - memory loss, a tendency to develop stress reactions.

Effect on the cardiovascular system. Disturbances in the activity of this system are manifested, as a rule, by lability of pulse and blood pressure, a tendency to hypotension, and pain in the heart area. In the blood there is a moderate decrease in the number of leukocytes and erythrocytes.

Effect on the immune and endocrine systems. It has been established that when exposed to EMF, immunogenesis is disrupted, often in the direction of inhibition. In animal organisms irradiated with EMF, the course of the infectious process is aggravated. The influence of high-intensity electromagnetic fields is manifested in a suppressive effect on the T-system of cellular immunity. Under the influence of electromagnetic fields, the production of adrenaline increases, blood clotting is activated, and the activity of the pituitary gland decreases.

Effect on the reproductive system. Many scientists classify electromagnetic fields as teratogenic factors. The most vulnerable periods are usually the early stages of embryonic development. A woman's exposure to electromagnetic radiation can lead to premature birth, affect the development of the fetus and, finally, increase the risk of congenital deformities.

These are the consequences of exposure to EM radiation. Protective measures include regular walks in the fresh air, ventilating the room, playing sports, following basic work rules, and working with good equipment that meets all safety and sanitary standards.

2. The influence of electromagnetic rays emanating from cell phones on the human body

Research by Swedish scientists has shown that cell phone users (especially owners of older analog models) are at risk of developing brain tumors.

The tumor most often appears on the side of the head where the speaker places the pipe. It is this part that is most exposed to telephone microwaves. This conclusion is contained in a study, the results of which were published in an online review of the popular medical journal MedGenMed.

13 patients studied, suffering from malignant or benign brain tumors (with the exception of one), were exposed to microwaves emitted by phones for a long time. Moreover, they all used old analog mobile devices, which have a more powerful output signal compared to new models.

“As cell phones become more widespread—and many older, high-signal devices continue to be used—larger-scale studies are needed to identify causes and assess the likelihood of disease,” said MedGenMed editor-in-chief Dr. George Lundberg.

The report, “Study of work activity in conditions of electromagnetic radiation, the influence of medical X-rays and the use of cell phones on the occurrence of brain tumors,” was based on a two-year study of 233 patients with tumors in the brain. For the analysis, people of the same sex and age living in the same area were selected in two regions of Sweden. Based on the results of the analysis, the main risk factors for cancer were identified.

Compared to any other household or office equipment, a mobile phone is more harmful because... creates at the moment of conversation a powerful stream of electromagnetic radiation directed directly to the head. Electromagnetic radiation of the radio frequency range generated by the tube is absorbed by the tissues of the head, in particular, by the tissues of the brain, the retina of the eye, the structures of the visual, vestibular and auditory analyzers, and the radiation acts both directly on individual organs and structures, and indirectly, through a conductor, on the nervous system . Scientists have proven that when electromagnetic waves penetrate tissues, they cause heating. Over time, this adversely affects the functioning of the entire body, in particular, the functioning of the nervous, cardiovascular, and endocrine systems; electromagnetic waves have a detrimental effect on vision. Studies conducted in Russia have shown the negative impact of the electromagnetic fields of a working mobile phone on the lens of the eye, blood composition and sexual function of mice and rats. Moreover, these changes were irreversible even after exposure to them for more than 2 weeks. If you use your mobile phone as a regular home phone, that is, indefinitely, your immunity is at serious risk.

Scientists warn that children who use mobile phones are at increased risk of memory and sleep disorders.

The effect of harmful electromagnetic radiation is similar to radio interference, the radiation disrupts the stability of body cells, disrupts the functioning of the nervous system, causing headaches, memory loss and sleep disorders. Even the most ordinary non-working mobile phone, if it is just lying next to your bed, can prevent you from getting enough sleep. The fact is that electromagnetic radiation from a mobile phone, even in standby mode, negatively affects the central nervous system, disrupting the normal alternation of sleep phases. As it turns out, it’s not just electromagnetic radiation from a phone that can pose a danger to human health. More recently, a new round of debate on this topic was caused by events in China, where several people were injured by a lightning strike on a cell phone. In France, the meteorological service also warned all residents of the country that it is dangerous to use mobile phones during a thunderstorm, since “they are conductors of electrical discharge and can cause lightning to strike a person.” At the same time, you don’t have to call on it; it is enough that it is turned on. In Sweden, they officially recognized the existence of allergies to mobile phones and took an unprecedented step: all mobile allergy sufferers can receive a substantial amount from the budget (about 250 thousand dollars) and move to remote areas of the country where there is no cellular communication or television. In Russia, a national program to study the harmful effects of mobile phones on human health should be adopted in the near future. However, “one must understand that the study of long-term consequences will take more than one year. We will be able to put an end to the discussion about the degree of harmful effects of cellular communications only in a couple of decades.” Indeed, in the immediate vicinity of the most important human organs, when talking on a mobile phone, electromagnetic energy is emitted, the power of which is greatest in the near zone. The energy of the same nature that rotates electric motors and cooks chicken in the microwave is emitted. Naturally, this energy penetrates the head and affects the brain and other human organs. Therefore, we should expect some kind of response from them to this impact. Moreover, this reaction can be either immediate, simultaneous with the impact, or delayed and appear later, perhaps after hours, days and years. In this case, it is necessary to take into account many factors: a person’s age, the presence of pathologies, his heredity, physiological state in general and, especially when using a mobile phone, time of day, seasonal phenomena, temperature, atmospheric pressure, phase of the moon, the presence of drugs and alcohol in blood, type and brand of mobile phone, cellular standard, call duration, frequency of calls, number of calls per day, per month, etc., etc. It is also necessary to add: the size and shape of the ears, the shape and material of the earrings, the presence and composition of dust on the ears and behind the ears, etc.

Today, mobile phone manufacturers warn users on the devices themselves or in passports about possible harmful effects (they were finally forced!) and always indicate the relative power level of electromagnetic radiation SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) measured in watts per kilogram of human brain mass. In most countries, the maximum permissible level is 1.6 W/kg. And now you won’t find cell phones with SAR levels greater than 2 W/kg. About 5 years ago, the first cell phones of the old standards had more powerful transmitters and significantly exceeded these levels, but now these values are usually less than 1.5 W/kg, and the most advanced ones have this value below 0.5 W/kg. An expert of the Ecology Committee of the State Duma of the Russian Federation, candidate of physical and mathematical sciences A.Yu. Somov scientifically proved that of the 32 cell phones he tested, not a single one meets the stated safety criteria.

Due to the widespread use of cellular communications, the problem of the influence of the electromagnetic field (EMF) of a cell phone on the human body is currently relevant. The largest group of cell phone users are children and adolescents, whose bodies are most sensitive to various adverse environmental factors.

It is known that a cell phone at rest periodically emits short bursts of radiation to communicate with the base station. Scientists have suggested that this EMF also affects the physiological and biochemical parameters of the human body.

We can conclude that electromagnetic radiation from a mobile phone has such a strong effect on the human body that even healthy cells die.

3. The influence of the computer on the health of a teenager

Microwave ovens operate mainly for a short time (on average from 1 to 7 minutes), televisions cause significant harm only when located at a close distance from viewers. Against this background, the problem of electromagnetic radiation from a PC, that is, the influence of computers on the human body, becomes quite acute due to several reasons. The computer has two sources of electromagnetic radiation (monitor and system unit).

The duration of work at a computer for modern users can be more than 12 hours, with official regulations prohibiting working on a computer for more than 6 hours a day (after all, in addition to the working day, a person often sits at a computer in the evenings).

In addition, there are several secondary factors that aggravate the situation, these include working in a cramped, unventilated room and the concentration of many PCs in one place. The monitor, especially its side and rear walls, is a very powerful source of EMR. And although every year more and more stringent standards are adopted to limit the radiation power of the monitor, this only leads to the application of a better protective coating on the front part of the screen, and the side and back panels still remain powerful sources of radiation. According to recent studies, the human body is most sensitive to the electromagnetic field located at frequencies of 40 - 70 GHz, since the wavelengths at these frequencies are comparable to the size of cells and a small level of the electromagnetic field is enough to cause significant damage to human health. A distinctive feature of modern computers is an increase in the operating frequencies of the central processor and peripheral devices, as well as an increase in power consumption to 400 - 500 W. As a result, the level of radiation from the system unit at frequencies of 40 - 70 GHz has increased thousands of times over the past 2 - 3 years and has become a much more serious problem than radiation from the monitor.

Increased electromagnetic background largely ensures the impact of PC on human health. As a result of prolonged work at the computer for several days, a person feels tired, becomes extremely irritable, often answers questions with unambiguous answers, and wants to lie down. This phenomenon in modern society is called chronic fatigue syndrome and, according to official medicine, cannot be treated.

Today, at least 3 main types of influence of a computer on a person are known.

First view	Second type	Third type
consists of disruption of the functioning of certain body systems due to sedentary work. This significantly affected the musculoskeletal, muscular, and circulatory systems.	consists in concentrating the user’s attention on the monitor screen for a long period of time, that is, harm to the computer can manifest itself in various problems with the visual system.	consists of harmful electromagnetic radiation, which, according to recent research in this area, may be one of the most dangerous factors for human health

And although over the past 10 years, manufacturers have significantly reduced the level of radiation from the front of the monitor, there are still side and rear panels, as well as the system unit, the power and operating frequencies of which are constantly increasing, and, consequently, the level of dangerous high-frequency electromagnetic radiation is also increasing .

Electromagnetic radiation has the greatest impact on the immune, nervous, endocrine and reproductive systems. No scientist or doctor is now able to name all the consequences and symptoms. At the moment, this threat is considered much more dangerous than the effects of half-life products and heavy metals after the Chernobyl accident.

Under the influence of radiation coming from the monitor, the graininess of the image and the convexity of the monitor screen, computer scientists experience irreversible changes in the cornea of the eye. Visually, a person observes a change in the shape of objects, blurred edges, doubling of small images. This disease is not curable, since all currently performed operations correct the imperfections of the optical system of the eye by affecting the cornea, while this disease affects the cornea. Ultimately, this disease leads to blindness. Research has shown that 75% of operators suffer from one or more permanent visual impairments or eye diseases.

The main problems associated with protecting the health of people using computer-based automated information systems in their work arise from displays (monitors), especially with cathode ray tubes. They are sources of the most harmful radiation that adversely affect the health of operators.

Special measurements have shown that the monitors actually emit magnetic waves, the intensity of which is not inferior to the levels of magnetic fields that can cause tumors in humans.

Even more serious results were obtained when examining pregnant women. Those who spent at least 20 hours a week on computer screens were 80% more likely to have a premature pregnancy loss (miscarriage) than those who performed similar work without using a computer.

Technical characteristics of displays (resolution, brightness, contrast, refresh rate or flickering), if they are not paid attention to when choosing a device or are installed incorrectly, can have an extremely negative impact on vision.

Protective measures include regular walks in the fresh air, ventilating the room, playing sports, exercising your eyes, following the rules of working at the computer, working with good equipment that meets existing safety and sanitary standards. It is important to know the rules of working on a computer.

Materials and results of our own research.

To obtain data on the impact of using a mobile phone and working on a PC on human health, a study was conducted, the main methods of which were questionnaires and measurement of physiological parameters of a person’s condition (pulse and blood pressure). The study involved 1-2 year students of Borisoglebsk Medical College - 158 people. Of the respondents, 88 people were in the 1st year (55.7%) and 70 people were in the 2nd year (44.3%). Based on the results of the study, a conclusion was made about the impact of mobile phones and computers on health. (Appendix 2, Appendix 3)

All participants in the experiment were preliminarily surveyed, as a result of which they found out their age, frequency and duration of cell phone use.

Students were asked to answer the following questions:

1) how often during the day you talking By mobile phone?

2) how for a long time during the day you talking By mobile phone?

3) how often You exchanges By SMS messages?

Based on the results of the study, it is important to develop the necessary recommendations for eliminating or reducing the impact of electromagnetic fields on human health.

It was found that 41% of respondents talk on the phone very often (more than 4 times a day), 26% - often (3-4 times a day), 15% - 1-2 times a day, 18% - rarely .

According to the results of the study, it was also found that 44.4% talk on a mobile phone for more than 10 minutes, 40.8% - 5-10 minutes and 14.8% - 1-3 minutes. At the same time, 64% of respondents are convinced of the negative impact of mobile phones on human health. The indicator of students' correspondence with SMS messages was also identified. As a result, it was found that 89.0% very often exchange SMS messages during the day (constant communication in chats, VKontakte), 10% - often, 1% - rarely (1-2 times a day).

A survey conducted before the start of the experiment with all participants showed that the subjects had approximately the same level of health and physical fitness. The average duration of cell phone conversations among participants in the experiment was about 20 minutes per day.

At the beginning of the experiment, subjects measured their heart rate and blood pressure. After talking on the phone, the same actions were performed. (Appendix 3)

A significant increase in heart rate by 9% was revealed and a significant difference in systolic pressure after 5 minutes of telephone conversation was found by 7-8%.

A change in pulse rate is a universal operational neurohumoral response of the entire organism to any influences from the external and internal environment. The pulse rate can increase under stress, nervous excitement, increased emotional and physical stress, increased temperature, and various heart diseases.

An increase in heart rate indicates the greatest vulnerability of the cardiovascular system of the subjects in relation to EMF of mobile communications. This indicates the adverse effects of EMR (electromagnetic radiation) from mobile communications.

In general, having analyzed the changes in the studied physiological indicators, we can say that the young body is most susceptible to the adverse effects of EMR from cell phones, and therefore the duration of mobile phone conversations of children and adolescents should be limited and the cell phone should be used only in cases of urgent need.

The studies showed:

Especially often, when working at a computer, respondents noted headaches, pain in the lumbar spine, pain in the neck and shoulder girdle, pain in the thoracic spine, in the hand, in the elbow joint, sleep disturbances and dizziness;

- almost half of the students working on PCs, regardless of age group, reported problems with vision.

When working with the phone, headaches, increased temperature in the ear area, vision problems (especially at night with constant communication on VKontakte)

All indicators indicating discomfort of the central nervous system (sleep disturbances, dizziness, headaches) tend to increase as the time spent on the PC increases. A similar trend is observed with signs of visual impairment.

Research findings

Based on the results of the study, we offer the following recommendations:

To eliminate or reduce the levels of exposure to EMFs on the human body, it is important to follow a number of important recommendations:

do not use a cell phone unless necessary and talk continuously for no more than 3-4 minutes;

When purchasing, choose a cell phone with a lower maximum radiation power.

avoid long stays in places with high levels of industrial frequency magnetic fields;

correctly place lounge furniture at a distance of 2-3 meters from electrical distribution boards, power cables, and electrical appliances;

When purchasing household appliances, pay attention to information about the device’s compliance with sanitary standards;

use devices of lower electrical power;

follow sanitary and hygienic standards and rules when working with a PC;

List of used literature

Artyunina G.P., Livinskaya O.A., The influence of a computer on the health of a schoolchild./Journal "Pskov Regional Journal". Issue No. 12 / 2011.

Burov A.L. Ecological aspects of electromagnetic radiation of mobile stations of communication systems / A.L. Burov, Yu.I. Kolchugin, Yu.P. Paltsev // Occupational safety and industrial ecology. - 1966. - No. 9. - pp. 17-19.

Kolchugin Yu.I. On the issue of sanitary standards for electromagnetic radiation in the range of 300...3000 MHz // Occupational safety and industrial ecology. - 1996. - No. 9. - P. 20-23.

Morozov A.A. Human ecology, computer technology and operator safety. // Bulletin of environmental education in Russia. - 2003, No. 1. - P. 13-17.

http://www.resobr.ru/materials/729/28669/?sphrase_id=76264

Annex 1

Appendix 2

RESULTS OF THE SURVEY

Rice. 1. What electrical appliances in your home do you think have an electromagnetic effect on your body?

Rice. 2. How often during the day do you talk on your mobile phone?

Rice. 3. How long do you talk on your mobile phone?

Rice. 4. How often during the day do you exchange SMS messages?

Rice. 5. How much time a day do you spend at the computer?

Appendix 3.

Rice. 6. Change in pulse rate of subjects of different age groups as a result of five-minute exposure to EMF from a cell phone

Rice. 7. Change in systolic and diastolic pressure of subjects of different age groups as a result of five-minute exposure to EMF from a cell phone

INFLUENCE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES ON THE HUMAN BODY

annotation
This article is devoted to the influence of electromagnetic fields on the human body. The invention of more and more new household items powered by the network helps people in many ways, but does not have the best effect on the human body. This problem is very relevant today.

INFLUENCE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES ON A HUMAN BODY

Kopteva Nadezhda Nikolaevna
Samara State Academy of Social Sciences and Humanities
student 4 courses of faculty of mathematics, physics and information scientists

Abstract
This article is devoted to questions of influence of electromagnetic fields on a human body. The invention all of the new household items working from a network in many respects help people, but, at the same time, not in the best degree influence a human body. This problem is very actual today.

With the beginning of the scientific and technological revolution, new inventions were introduced into people's lives: computers, satellite communications. radiotelephones. This increased the number of sources of electromagnetic radiation - radio relay and radar stations, and television towers appeared. People have increasingly become interested in the influence of electromagnetic waves on the human body. Electromagnetic radiation with a frequency of 40 - 70 GHz poses a huge danger to humans, since the wavelength here is comparable to the size of human cells.

At the beginning of the 21st century, communication with satellites was the highest frequency - 11 GHz. But only microwatts reached the earth's surface, despite the fact that the power of the transmitted signal was high. In 2009, mobile operators increased the communication frequency between base stations to 25 GHz. This provided better mobile communications and increased the amount of data transferred. The influence of electromagnetic radiation on the human body at frequencies of 40 – 70 GHz has sharply increased.

Electromagnetic devices have been and are widely used in everyday life. Some time later, after the start of the scientific and technological revolution, people began to worry about the influence of electromagnetic waves on the human body. All devices that are plugged into an outlet and conduct current are sources of electromagnetic radiation, which has a detrimental effect on the human body. Today, the number of such devices has increased significantly. Almost everyone has televisions, computers, telephones, microwave ovens - on the one hand, they make our lives easier, but on the other, they have a negative impact on the human body.

Modern people are very often under the influence of electromagnetic fields (EMF): at work - at frequencies of 10 - 70 GHz, computers irradiate you, at home - the same computers and household appliances that create EMFs do not affect the body in the best way. Electromagnetic waves carry a certain energy, which, when interacting with matter, turns into heat. The conversion of heat is one of the important conditions for the life of living beings, but in small doses. Waves with any frequencies with a power density greater than 10 W/cm have a negative effect on the body. Various reactions to electromagnetic waves can occur at different structural levels (from molecular to cellular).

The interaction of an electromagnetic wave with a living organism is determined by:

characteristics of the radiation itself– frequency or wavelength, phase velocity of propagation, wave polarization, etc.;
physical properties of a given biological object as a medium in which the wave propagates– dielectric constant, electrical conductivity, wave penetration depth, etc.

Let's consider the mechanism of influence of electromagnetic radiation.

Electromagnetic waves saturate the air with positive charges, which is harmful to humans. Therefore, it is necessary to ventilate the room as often as possible.

The following EMF parameters influence the biological response:

EMF intensity;
radiation frequency;
duration of irradiation;
combination of frequencies of electromagnetic fields;
frequency of action.

The combination of these parameters can be dangerous for children and pregnant women, as well as people with diseases of the cardiovascular system, central nervous and hormonal systems, people with weakened immune systems, and allergy sufferers. People who spend a long time in the radiation zone often complain of irritability, fatigue, weakened thought processes, and sleep disturbances. Frequent exposure to the body can lead to cancer and disorders of the nervous and cardiovascular systems.

For example, a cell phone is a very convenient device that allows you to always be in touch and up to date with all the news. It is constantly near a person and irradiates his body - affecting the physiological state and health of the person.

When working with a mobile phone, first of all, the brain and peripheral receptors of the vestibular, visual and auditory analyzers are exposed to irradiation. When using cell phones with a carrier frequency of 450-900 MHz, the wavelength slightly exceeds the linear dimensions of the human head. In this case, the radiation is absorbed unevenly and so-called hot spots can form, especially in the center of the head. Long-term exposure to maximum permissible doses of radiation can lead to significant changes in the bioelectrical activity of various brain structures and disorders of its functions (for example, short-term and long-term memory).

Another example: a microwave oven. They occupy a fairly strong position in most people's kitchens. Such ovens are very convenient for quickly heating food, preparing some dishes, defrosting food, etc. But, in addition to the beneficial aspects, microwave ovens also have negative ones.

Research has revealed reasons that indicate the harm of microwave ovens on the human body:

Electromagnetic radiation (torsion fields)– it is the content of the torsion component that is the main factor in the negative effect of microwaves on the human body. Very often, a person may experience insomnia, frequent headaches and increased excitability.
Temperature– with constant and long-term use of microwave ovens, high-frequency radiation begins to heat the human body. This thermal interaction can lead to clouding and destruction of the eye's lens.
Impact of radiation on food– when processing food in microwave ovens, ionization of molecules can occur. This entails changes in the structure of the substance. Microwave
is capable of creating compounds that do not exist in nature - radiolytic changes - they contribute to the destruction and change in the structure of substances. Microwave rays destroy vitamins D, C, E and reduce the nutritional value of food by 60%.
Radiation from the body– Microwave ovens also have a destructive effect on the body’s cells. This is fraught with the fact that the body will no longer prevent the penetration of various fungi and viruses into the body. Cell regeneration processes are suppressed by food irradiated in microwave ovens

can cause malignant neoplasms in the human digestive system.

Thus, the electromagnetic fields with which a person surrounds himself pose a serious danger to his health. Experience shows that you have to pay for various conveniences, and at the same time with your own health. It is necessary to try to use various devices that emit electromagnetic fields as little as possible.

Technological progress also has a downside. The global use of various electrically powered equipment has caused pollution, which is given the name electromagnetic noise. In this article we will look at the nature of this phenomenon, the degree of its impact on the human body and protective measures.

What is it and sources of radiation

Electromagnetic radiation is electromagnetic waves that arise when a magnetic or electric field is disturbed. Modern physics interprets this process within the framework of the theory of wave-particle duality. That is, the minimum portion of electromagnetic radiation is a quantum, but at the same time it has frequency-wave properties that determine its main characteristics.

The spectrum of frequencies of electromagnetic field radiation allows us to classify it into the following types:

radio frequency (these include radio waves);
thermal (infrared);
optical (that is, visible to the eye);
radiation in the ultraviolet spectrum and hard (ionized).

A detailed illustration of the spectral range (electromagnetic radiation scale) can be seen in the figure below.

Nature of radiation sources

Depending on their origin, sources of radiation of electromagnetic waves in world practice are usually classified into two types, namely:

disturbances of the electromagnetic field of artificial origin;
radiation coming from natural sources.

Radiations emanating from the magnetic field around the Earth, electrical processes in the atmosphere of our planet, nuclear fusion in the depths of the sun - they are all of natural origin.

As for artificial sources, they are a side effect caused by the operation of various electrical mechanisms and devices.

The radiation emanating from them can be low-level and high-level. The degree of intensity of the electromagnetic field radiation completely depends on the power levels of the sources.

Examples of sources with high levels of EMR include:

Power lines are usually high-voltage;
all types of electric transport, as well as the accompanying infrastructure;
television and radio towers, as well as mobile and mobile communication stations;
installations for converting the voltage of the electrical network (in particular, waves emanating from a transformer or distribution substation);
elevators and other types of lifting equipment that use an electromechanical power plant.

Typical sources emitting low-level radiation include the following electrical equipment:

almost all devices with a CRT display (for example: payment terminal or computer);
various types of household appliances, ranging from irons to climate control systems;
engineering systems that provide electricity supply to various objects (this includes not only power cables, but related equipment, such as sockets and electricity meters).

Separately, it is worth highlighting special equipment used in medicine that emits hard radiation (X-ray machines, MRI, etc.).

Impact on humans

In the course of numerous studies, radiobiologists have come to a disappointing conclusion - long-term radiation of electromagnetic waves can cause an “explosion” of diseases, that is, it causes the rapid development of pathological processes in the human body. Moreover, many of them cause disturbances at the genetic level.

Video: How electromagnetic radiation affects people.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FYWgXyHW93Q

This is due to the fact that the electromagnetic field has a high level of biological activity, which negatively affects living organisms. The influence factor depends on the following components:

the nature of the radiation produced;
how long and with what intensity it continues.

The effect on human health of radiation, which is of an electromagnetic nature, directly depends on the location. It can be either local or general. In the latter case, large-scale exposure occurs, for example, radiation produced by power lines.

Accordingly, local irradiation refers to exposure to certain areas of the body. Electromagnetic waves emanating from an electronic watch or mobile phone are a vivid example of local influence.

Separately, it is necessary to note the thermal effect of high-frequency electromagnetic radiation on living matter. The field energy is converted into thermal energy (due to the vibration of molecules); this effect is the basis for the operation of industrial microwave emitters used to heat various substances. In contrast to its benefits in production processes, thermal effects on the human body can be detrimental. From a radiobiological point of view, being near “warm” electrical equipment is not recommended.

It is necessary to take into account that in everyday life we are regularly exposed to radiation, and this happens not only at work, but also at home or when moving around the city. Over time, the biological effect accumulates and intensifies. As electromagnetic noise increases, the number of characteristic diseases of the brain or nervous system increases. Note that radiobiology is a fairly young science, so the harm caused to living organisms from electromagnetic radiation has not been thoroughly studied.

The figure shows the level of electromagnetic waves produced by conventional household appliances.

Note that the field strength level decreases significantly with distance. That is, to reduce its effect, it is enough to move away from the source at a certain distance.

The formula for calculating the norm (standardization) of electromagnetic field radiation is specified in the relevant GOSTs and SanPiNs.

Radiation protection

In production, absorbing (protective) screens are actively used as means of protecting against radiation. Unfortunately, it is not possible to protect yourself from electromagnetic field radiation using such equipment at home, since it is not designed for this.

in order to reduce the impact of electromagnetic field radiation to almost zero, you should move away from power lines, radio and television towers at a distance of at least 25 meters (the power of the source must be taken into account);
for CRT monitors and TVs this distance is much smaller - about 30 cm;
Electronic watches should not be placed close to the pillow; the optimal distance for them is more than 5 cm;
As for radios and cell phones, bringing them closer than 2.5 centimeters is not recommended.

Note that many people know how dangerous it is to stand next to high-voltage power lines, but most people do not attach importance to ordinary household electrical appliances. Although it is enough to place the system unit on the floor or move it further away, and you will protect yourself and your loved ones. We advise you to do this, and then measure the background from the computer using an electromagnetic field radiation detector to clearly verify its reduction.

This advice also applies to the placement of the refrigerator; many people place it near the kitchen table, which is practical, but unsafe.

No table can indicate the exact safe distance from a specific electrical equipment, since radiation may vary, both depending on the device model and the country of manufacture. At the moment, there is no single international standard, so standards in different countries may have significant differences.

The radiation intensity can be accurately determined using a special device - a fluxmeter. According to the standards adopted in Russia, the maximum permissible dose should not exceed 0.2 µT. We recommend taking measurements in the apartment using the above-mentioned device for measuring the degree of electromagnetic field radiation.

Fluxmeter - a device for measuring the degree of radiation of an electromagnetic field

Try to reduce the time you are exposed to radiation, that is, do not stay near operating electrical devices for a long time. For example, it is not at all necessary to constantly stand at the electric stove or microwave oven while cooking. Regarding electrical equipment, you can notice that warm does not always mean safe.

Always turn off electrical appliances when not in use. People often leave various devices turned on, not taking into account that at this time electromagnetic radiation is emanating from electrical equipment. Turn off your laptop, printer or other equipment; there is no need to expose yourself to radiation again; remember your safety.