1. Dental implant failure: why and how often? Currently, medicine no longer faces the issue of implant survival. Previously, when science did not yet know all the intricacies of osseointegration (the biological connection between a person’s own tissues and implants), the rejection rate was very high. And this is not surprising - after all, a large proportion of these types of operations belonged to the category of experiments. Scientists, through trial and error, learned which parameters were important for success and which, on the contrary, were of no practical importance. Today, almost all implant installation operations are successful. According to various sources, the percentage of implants that fail (in the first 5 years after surgery) ranges from 2 to 5, depending on the initial conditions and complexity of the operation.

What influences the success of the operation?

Firstly, this is, of course, the choice of the clinic where you are going to be treated - it is important here how the sanitary and anti-epidemic regime is maintained, what experience the doctor who will treat you has.

Secondly, the implants themselves. It is important that manufacturers have extensive research experience in their products. Scientific research is very expensive, and, therefore, the cost of such implants will be higher than that of analogues. Therefore, the principle “more expensive means better” is more relevant in our area than anywhere else.

Thirdly, complications can occur at the planning stage - the wrong sizes, number of implants to be installed, temporary and final orthopedic structures are chosen. So, if thin implants are chosen, and the prosthesis installed on them is massive and extended, then, most likely, such treatment will bring a very short-lived result. On the contrary, if a thick implant is installed in a thin area of ​​the bone, the bone in this area will become thinner, and the support area will noticeably decrease. Also, the length of the implants is an important factor - too short implants with a long radicular part will be subject to dislocation when chewing, and too long ones can damage important anatomical structures (mandibular nerve, maxillary sinus, nasal passage). Fourthly, during the operation, the implant must be installed, it is true, for this, templates made using special computer programs are increasingly being used - with such a template, the doctor will be able to absolutely accurately install the implant in accordance with the planned plan. At this stage, the force with which the implant is fixed in the bone is important. If it is insufficient, the implant may move, or even bone growth on its surface will not begin at all; if the required force is exceeded (more than 40 N*cm), necrosis of the bone tissue around the implant may occur and it will be rejected. Fifthly, something that depends only on the patient. We are talking about postoperative wound care and subsequently oral hygiene, especially in the area of ​​construction. Your doctor will give you these recommendations, and the success and longevity of your implants depends on how carefully you follow them.

2. How does the installation of dental implants proceed: is there any pain, the duration of the operation itself?

As a rule, the operation itself is performed under local anesthesia (and only the mucous membrane in the incision area is anesthetized, since there are no nerve endings in the bone tissue, and normal sensitivity in the area of ​​the mandibular nerve is important for controlling the depth of tissue preparation). As a rule, there is no pain. The only thing that the patient may feel is discomfort when the cutter approaches the mandibular nerve; the doctor must be informed about this immediately.

The operation itself is carried out according to the following scheme: first, local anesthesia is performed, after which an incision is made on the mucous membrane, detachment of the mucous membrane exposing a section of bone, then a bed corresponding to the shape and size of the implant is formed successively with cutters, after which the implant itself is immersed in this bed (as Typically, it is screwed in, but there are types of implants that are installed by controlled driving). At this stage, X-ray control is carried out, where the doctor and patient can make sure that the implant is in the correct position and important anatomical structures are not affected. At the end of the operation, the wound is sutured, the necessary recommendations are given, and postoperative therapy is prescribed.

The duration of the operation, if no additional increase in the volume of bone tissue is performed or the production of temporary structures, ranges from 10 to 30 minutes. In the postoperative period, pain is possible during the first day, but, as a rule, after the anesthesia wears off and one tablet of painkiller is taken, patients do not experience any discomfort.

3. Complications: surgical and postoperative. Complications that arise during and after implantation are almost the same as with any surgical intervention: bleeding from the wound (hematomas after interventions can also be included here), allergic and psychosomatic reactions, tachycardia, dizziness, inflammation and infection of the wound (suture dehiscence , exposure of the implant plug). Complications specific to implantation include osteomyelitis caused by a bone burn when working at high speeds and without cooling the instrument with saline; damage or compression of the mandibular nerve, perforation of the floor of the maxillary sinus or nasal passage. As well as direct implant rejection in the postoperative period (caused by a number of factors). Many of these complications are reversible and only affect the healing period, however, some (rejection, damage to anatomical structures) require immediate medical intervention.

4. Duration of “engraftment” of implants and service life? Despite different opinions among scientists and manufacturers on this issue, it is customary among practitioners to begin prosthetics after three months on the lower jaw and after six months on the upper jaw. When performing osteoplastic operations in the area of ​​installed implants, the time period increases. Some manufacturers recommend starting prosthetic treatment of their implants after 4 months on both jaws, but this is rather an exception.

5. Which implant is better? (brands, countries of origin, types of implants) Choosing an implant for yourself is even more difficult than choosing a car. But if you can choose a car based on principles known to yourself (or your friends), then the average person knows little about implants and largely relies on the choice of his doctor. I will try to give several criteria by which you can avoid making a mistake in choosing. The vast majority of implants installed in the world are screw-type, that is, they are installed by screwing into the bone bed. Recognized leaders in the production of implants are Sweden (where implantology originated), Germany, and the USA. Also on the market are products from France, South Korea, Israel, Switzerland, China, and Russia. The cost of products is largely determined by the costs invested by manufacturers in scientific research associated with the search for the desired design, coating, tools, techniques and other important factors. Therefore, you should not save when choosing an implant - after all, the implant is the foundation of the future prosthesis, which means that the more reliable the base, the more durable the entire structure.

Our network of clinics works only with manufacturers who have proven the quality of their products all over the world, who have invested enormous scientific work in their production, the reliability of which is confirmed by reputable doctors around the world and Russia in particular. We include Nobel biocare and Astra Tech among such manufacturers. In addition, we use a “budget option” – Israeli “Alpha Bio”, whose reliability has earned our trust.

6. Indications and contraindications for dental implantation (relative and absolute). The indication for installation of implants is the absence of a tooth or teeth. Therefore, patients who come to the clinic, smiling with 32 teeth, and ask for implants, look extremely strange, because it is fashionable. Removing healthy teeth to install fashionable implants is inhumane and contrary to medical ethics. Contraindications to implantation is a broader topic. Naturally, in the presence of cancer, severe conditions, and decompensated forms of somatic diseases, such interventions are not carried out. In addition, there are a number of restrictions that guide us when planning the operation:

1. Low level of hygiene. There is a very high risk of getting an inflammatory complication during or after surgery. In addition, the risk of inflammatory diseases of the mucous membrane after prosthetics will be very high.
2. Limited mouth opening - in this case, the operation itself is technically impossible.
3. Displacement of teeth that does not allow placement of an implant between adjacent teeth.
4. Decompensated forms of diseases (diabetes mellitus, thyroid diseases, ischemic heart disease and others).
5. Age up to 18 years.
6. Pregnancy.
7. Severe bone deficiency with the impossibility of bone grafting.
8. Blood diseases and specific bone diseases.

7. Possibility of simultaneous implantation with tooth extraction? Yes, of course, this type of operation is widely used in practice. This allows you to halve the time from tooth extraction to making a crown on an implant. However, such intervention has a number of nuances, and the decision is made individually in each case. So, in the area of ​​multi-rooted teeth, the doctor determines the volume of bone tissue remaining after removal. If the implant cannot be securely fixed, you will have to wait for implantation until the bone structure is restored.

8. Options for rehabilitation of patients with complete absence of teeth using dental implants (types of dentures)? The largest selection of designs on implants is presented in the case of complete absence of teeth. Thus, the patient can have a classic bridge prosthesis installed with screw or cement fixation. To do this, 6 to 12 implants are installed per jaw, depending on the volume of bone tissue. Such prostheses are non-removable.

Another option is conditionally removable dentures - if desired, the patient can remove it and clean it themselves. This is a prosthesis on a beam, where a milled titanium beam is screwed to the implants, and the outer part of the prosthesis with artificial teeth is put on it. The third option is a removable denture supported by “locators” - spherical locking fasteners on implants that have a counterpart in the inside of the removable denture. Such a prosthesis is removed by the patient daily for hygiene and put back on by simply snapping it on. In cases of severe bone deficiency, the number of implants installed is strictly limited by the conditions in the oral cavity. Therefore, today the “all-on-four” concept is becoming increasingly popular, where four implants are placed closer to the front of the jaw at a certain angle and the bridge rests evenly on them. If there is almost no bone in the upper jaw, then in this case zygomatic implants are recommended - these are very long implants with a length of 30 to 52 mm, which are fixed through the alveolar process of the upper jaw into the zygomatic bone. In each case, the decision is made individually, depending on the clinical situation and the wishes of the patient.

9. Price-quality ratio.

Perhaps the most pressing question. I do not recommend saving money when choosing an implant to my patients. In our clinic, the most expensive implant costs about 80,000 rubles, this includes both the operation to install the implant and subsequent prosthetics. The implant will last for decades with proper care and no complications. But an alternative type of prosthetics - a bridge prosthesis - has a service life of only 5 years!

Moreover, to make it, we need to depulpate two adjacent healthy teeth and grind off a large amount of hard tissue to make crowns. Along with the fact that this is cruel to healthy “innocent” teeth, the monetary costs are comparable to implantation. What if something happens to the bridge? Will two adjacent teeth need to be removed? How many more teeth will be included in the next denture? During implantation, neighboring teeth are not affected in any way. Therefore, this method of restoring a lost tooth is both the most humane, durable (some scientists talk about the lifelong life of the implant) and, ultimately, the most economically profitable.

For what reason may there be

Installation of implants can be complicated by a number of consequences. Complications may arise due to:

1. Medical errors: incompetence of the doctor, incorrect selection of the length of the implant, overheating of tissues during the formation of the hole for the implant, infection, errors in the positioning of the structure, peculiarities of the patient’s physiology, individual intolerance to the implant materials.
2. Use of low-quality implants, outdated equipment. A possible disadvantage of the implant may be a poor connection to the abutment.
3. Patient's guilt. Most often, failure to maintain sufficient hygiene. The area where the crown touches the gum is especially susceptible to the accumulation of tartar, which causes inflammation. Complications can be caused by failure to follow recommendations for taking medications and lifestyle.

Complications can arise due to medical errors and the fault of the patient

Negative consequences of dental implantation can occur in:

• in the short term - before prosthetics;
• medium-term - within two years after implantation;
• long-term - after two years from the moment of implantation.

What complications can occur during dental implantation?

Implantation may be accompanied by complications that arise during the operation. Highlight:

1. Heating the implant when dissecting its head. To eliminate the problem, the doctor must irrigate the preparation area and the bur.
2. Incorrect implant installation. A common mistake is tightening the screws when installing an implant while the cement is hardening. This can lead to cracking of the cement when screwed in.
3. Incorrect installation of the implant head. If the connection of the implant head with the intraosseous element is not tight, an accumulation of microbes, tissue fluid and congestion of other structural supports occurs, which threatens peri-implantitis.

On the upper jaw

Re-implantation is carried out after complete cure of reimplantitis. In most cases, osteoplasty is first required, which is carried out within six months after treatment.

Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinuses. Occurs when an implant is installed near the maxillary sinus.

Mobility of the prosthesis indicates peri-implantitis and the need for urgent removal of the implant. Anti-inflammatory drugs are then prescribed.

If implant mobility is not diagnosed, then its removal is not required. Anti-inflammatory treatment is indicated.

Mechanical damage

Occurs when the prosthesis is exposed to heavy loads. Appear in the presence of malocclusion, bruxism. They can cause a fracture of the prosthesis, the implant itself or its elements.

If the orthopedic parts of the implant are fractured, they are replaced. If the rod itself is broken, it is necessary to remove the part remaining in the jaw bone.

Fractures of dentures occur due to wear and tear of their parts. If the prosthesis is broken, it is repaired, and if the structure cannot be repaired, a new one is made.

Occurs due to rejection of the structure by bone tissue. Requires implant removal.

The disease has the following stages of development:

1. The first stage is characterized by inflammation of the tissues surrounding the implant. There is a noticeable increase in the pocket and thinning of the bone in the area of ​​the prosthesis.
2. At the second stage, the height of the bone changes, and gum detachment is noticeable.
3. The height of the bone decreases, the pocket increases until the abutment is exposed, and mobility is observed.
4. The last stage is characterized by destruction of the alveolar process and implant rejection.

Gum exposure and abutment exposure

Signs implant rejection are:

• swelling of the gums at the implantation site and adjacent ones;
• soreness;
• discharge of pus;
• bleeding;
• enlargement of the gum pocket;
• elevated body temperature.

Side effects are within normal limits

Temporary harmless complications that do not cause concern are:

• presence of subfebrile body temperature (up to 37.5 degrees);
• heaviness in the maxillary sinus;
• small hematomas;
• painful sensations.

All of these symptoms, even with a favorable outcome of the operation, can be observed within a week.

Prevention of complications

You can reduce the risk of complications by doing the following:

After implantation, various unpleasant consequences may occur.

But it is worth noting that complications during dental implantation occur extremely rarely, since currently the technology for implantation has been worked out quite well.

Complications after dental implantation can appear within the first days or months, or they can be late and appear after two to three years or later.

Problems Dental implants are possible for several reasons:

• Due to the characteristics of the patient’s body.
• Carrying out a superficial examination, incorrect diagnosis, insufficient identification of indications and contraindications for surgical intervention.
• Violation of implantation technology, most often associated with insufficient experience of the implantologist.
• Failure of the patient to comply with the doctor’s recommendations in the postoperative period.

Early complications

Pain is inevitable and begins after the anesthesia wears off.

• The norm is the presence of pain for two to three days after the operation.
• During this period, it is recommended to take painkillers prescribed by your doctor.
• If the duration of painful sensations is prolonged, this may indicate the presence of an inflammatory process or nerve injury.

Bleeding

Light bleeding in the first days is normal. Bleeding may be associated with patients taking anti-clotting medications.

If bleeding on the first day after implantation is quite intense or does not stop ten days after implantation, this indicates vascular injury and the risk of hematoma formation.

A hematoma occurs with prolonged bleeding; the outcome of the formation of a hematoma can be suppuration of the postoperative wound, as well as suture dehiscence.

Temperature rise

• Fever is a natural reaction of the body to surgery and implant placement.
• If the body temperature is 37°C and lasts no more than three days, then this is a normal situation.
• If the temperature does not drop, this may indicate the onset of an inflammatory process.

Seam divergence

This may happen due to:

• Incorrect suturing.
• Mechanical damage.
• With the development of the inflammatory process.

It is observed within three to five hours after implantation and is the result of local anesthesia.

• If after five hours the feeling of numbness persists, then this condition may indicate nerve injury.
• This is typical only for the lower jaw, due to the fact that the facial nerve passes through here.
• Healing of the nerve takes quite a long time, which takes several months.

Inflammation

An inflammatory process of the soft tissues surrounding the jaw may develop.

Negative consequences of dental implantation are also possible during the implant healing period.

Most Serious Side Effects

Pereimplantitis is an inflammation of the bone tissue surrounding the implant.

Causes of reimplantitis:

• Damage to the wall of the paranasal sinus.
• Hemorrhage over the plug with further suppuration.
• Incorrect closure of the postoperative wound.
• Inaccurate bone bed preparation technique.
• Inflammatory process of a neighboring tooth.
• Inaccurate crown manufacturing.
• Failure of the patient to comply with personal hygiene rules.

Implant rejection is the failure of bone tissue to accept a titanium rod.

Reasons for rejection:

• Reimplantitis.
• Lack of bone tissue.
• Surgical trauma.
• Exacerbation of chronic diseases.
• Allergic reaction to titanium.
• Smoking.
• Thermal damage to bone tissue.
• Osteoporosis of the jaw bone.

Exposure of the implant is not a serious complication, but has a negative impact on aesthetics.

The most common cause of implant exposure is improper formation of tension on the gingival flap.

Video: “Complications during dental implantation”

How to avoid complications

• You need to choose your clinic carefully.
• Study reviews from real clinic patients.
• Strictly follow the doctor’s recommendations after installing implants.

Clinical case

• The patient had an implant installed in the upper jaw. While screwing it in, it sank deep into the bone. The dentist assured that it was not scary and everything would heal. After the operation, the patient’s pain did not go away and he turned to another dentist. After an X-ray examination, it became clear that the implant protrudes significantly into the cavity of the maxillary sinus. The doctor's conclusion is removal of the implant. Three months later, the patient underwent bone augmentation and the implant was reinstalled. The reason for this complication is that the dentist who performed the implantation did not correctly assess the thickness of the bone tissue.
• A patient came to the clinic who had BOL plate implants installed a year ago. The complaints boiled down to the fact that all the implants were loose. The dentist made a decision: remove the implants, build up the bone, and then install new implants. The process of removing the implants caused damage to the jawbone. As a result, two operations were performed to build up bone tissue, then new titanium rods were installed. As a result, the treatment lasted quite a long time: more than nine months, the patient was exhausted and the treatment cost her much more than planned. Attempts to save money on the procedure can lead to such consequences.
• The patient received an implant, the bone thickness was sufficient for the procedure, and everything went great. Five months after implantation, during the installation of a permanent dental crown, the implant rotated, which is not normal. It became clear that the healing of the implant was not complete. The dentist had to make a choice: remove the implant and start the whole process over again or leave the implant. The doctor decided to leave the rod and installed a crown on it, warning the patient about the possibility of an unfavorable outcome and in which case, the need to consult a doctor. The patient has had no complaints for three years now, and the implant has taken root.
• The implant was installed in such a way that the rod damaged the root of the adjacent tooth. As a result, the implant had to be reinstalled and the damaged tooth removed. This is an example of medical error.

• I had six implants installed in my upper jaw. After the operation everything was fine. A temporary removable silicone prosthesis was installed. He periodically rubbed the mucous membrane in the place where the implant was installed. Pain and redness of the mucous membrane appeared at the implant site.
• Two years ago I had an implant installed. There was no pain, either during installation, since the operation was performed under anesthesia, or after installation. The pain went away on the second day. There was a little swelling. I applied cold.
• An implant was installed. The operation went without pain and very quickly. The next day, towards evening, hellish pain began. They took a picture and it turned out that next to the implant, a millimeter away from it, there was the root of a healthy tooth. They removed the nerve from this tooth, but the pain still did not go away. And now I don’t know whether it should be like this, or whether it’s a medical error.
• I implanted sixes on both sides at the top. The operation lasted an hour and went well. In the first three days there was severe swelling, the body temperature rose, the stitches were bleeding, and I could not open my mouth. On the fourth day it became easier. This is actually a long process.
• Three months ago I had two teeth implanted in the lower jaw on the right. Ten days later the rods were removed due to numbness. After re-implantation, numbness began again. The dentist said that everything was fine, the nerve was just pinched by a hematoma.

Video: “Possible complications after dental implantation”

Possible complications during dental implantation

Causes of dental implant complications

Section “Dental implantation” on Rusmedserv.com

The sources of complications of any surgical intervention may lie in the characteristics of the body, in the characteristics of the patient’s behavior, in the characteristics of medical technologies and their implementation, as well as in some “X-factor” from which no one is immune. In any case, we are almost always talking not so much about the natural connections between phenomena, but about the degree of risk of developing one or another type of complication. So, earlier, when humanity had no idea about bacteria, most operations had infectious complications. With the advent of the concept of asepsis and antisepsis, cases of infection became isolated. With the development of medicine, complications have become rare and are subject to completely different mathematical laws. Complications in today's medicine are akin to winning a big prize in the lottery, i.e. their likelihood is extremely low. What complications occur in the postoperative period during dental implantation?

During surgery with insufficient work experience, complications such as bleeding and perforation of bone tissue (for example, into the maxillary sinus) are possible. But modern equipment and computer technology make it possible to reduce the risk of these complications to zero, even with little experience as a surgeon. Overheating of bone tissue is also possible when they are mechanically processed with drills or burs. Other complications during surgery are extremely rare and therefore there is no point in dwelling on them.

In the postoperative period The following complications occur rarely:

• severe pain.
• hemorrhages;
• seam divergence;
• development of inflammation in the area of ​​surgery;

The main reasons for such complications are: the characteristics of the patient’s body, technical flaws in the preparation and conduct of the operation, and the patient’s failure to comply with the doctor’s recommendations.

During the implantation period The following complications occur:

• Inflammation of the tissue around the implant (peri-implantitis). With this complication, developing inflammation causes progressive destruction of the bone tissue surrounding the implant. Causes of peri-implantitis: hemorrhage over the plug with its further suppuration; inaccurate technique for preparing the bone bed, poor closure of the surgical wound; unsatisfactory oral health. Treatment involves removal of hematoma, abscess and other causes of inflammation (removal of plaque, treatment of the implant with antiseptic and antibacterial solutions), general treatment of the patient, and oral hygiene. In case of failure of treatment or re-exacerbation of peri-implantitis, it is necessary to resort to removing the implant and restoring the structure of the bone tissue.
• Implant rejection. It is extremely rare, because... The implant material (most often titanium) is a biologically inert substance. Rejection most often occurs due to the development of inflammation and in this regard is akin to peri-implantitis. Causes of rejection include overheating (burn) of bone tissue during surgery (for example, during drilling). This leads to the formation of granulations, which prevent the implant from being implanted into the bone tissue. Another cause is osteoporosis, for example due to impaired blood supply. In this case, the bone tissue simply will not be able to grow normally around the implant. In this case, the implant also has to be removed.

During the second stage of implantation(installation of abutment) the following complications occur:

• Unscrewing the root implant along with the plug. This may happen in case of failure of implantation, i.e. due to the development of rejection or peri-implantitis, when the restoration of the bone tissue structure of the implant is disrupted. If there are no obvious signs of inflammation and rejection, the implant can be put back in place and treatment can be prescribed to stimulate the growth and restoration of bone tissue structure (calcium preparations).
• Pushing implant into the maxillary sinus; It occurs both when the technology for installing the implant is not followed, and when there are violations of bone tissue restoration. In this case, the implant is removed.
• Formation of bone tissue over the root implant. Easily corrected by installing a gum former by removing the growth.

As you can see, the list of complications is quite wide, but the frequency of their occurrence is minimal. In advanced clinics, complications occur in one or two cases out of a hundred, and the success rate of implant installation in digital terms has long exceeded the recommended 95%.

What are the complications after dental implantation?

The dental branch of medicine has been growing and developing for more than a century, reaching ever greater heights.

Today, in addition to treatment, prosthetics of the alveoli of the upper and lower jaw with full-fledged copies of teeth are available (with their fastening on a special rod that replaces the root - an implant). This method is not quite simple.

The artificial teeth installed on top are just as durable: they do not wear off or break even under high pressure. Dental prosthetics through implantation has replaced yesterday's trend - “false jaws”.

But, unfortunately, the process is still not perfected, and in some cases patients still face complications.

Causes and types

For any surgical intervention to be successful, the patient needs to know all the causes of complications, options for the development of events and recommendations on how to avoid them. Possible the causes of complications are:

Insufficient doctor qualifications: During surgery, the crown may be incorrectly removed or the facial nerve or artery may be damaged.

Soft tissues are excessively irritated and cut off, the implant is not installed tightly, the sutures are poorly sutured, and in a completely “advanced” case, an infection occurs;
Personal intolerance the patient's materials, substances, and physiological characteristics: even the shape of the jaw and the alveoli directly is of great importance, blood clotting, the rate of tissue healing and bone growth.

All these points must be discussed with a specialist in advance so that he is aware of everything during implantation;

Inappropriate preparation for surgery and careless attitude towards oneself afterwards, failure to comply with the specialist’s requirements, negligence in relation to the symptoms of complications: leads to at least inconvenience, and at most to implant rejection;

Poor quality material or equipment: a fairly rare case, but also occurs.

Problems during surgery

Problems sometimes arise during implantation:

• A specialist without sufficient experience may insert the implant deeply enough or overdo it, breaking through important submandibular or supramillary canals;
• Heavy bleeding due to poor blood clotting or broken blood vessels;
• Touched nerve;
• Pain through anesthesia.

All this can be caused either by the inaccuracy of the dentist’s actions or by the patient’s incorrect behavior.

Perforation of the bottom of the maxillary sinus and nasal cavity

Perforation- this is a breakdown of the partition between two cavities (in this case: oral and nasal). This happens either due to inaccuracy of actions, or due to working “at random”.

As a result, the doctor has to restore the resulting hole and undergo surgery until a new layer of bone grows in the problem area.

To avoid such situations, a computed tomography or x-ray is first performed, from which the size of the dense jaw is calculated and the appropriate length of the implant is selected.

Damage to the wall of the mandibular canal and nerves of the lower jaw

The same situation, only for the lower jaw. The consequence of penetration may be partial numb gums and cheeks as a result of the implant pressing on the nerve or blood entering the sinus.

In cases of severe nerve damage, it is felt sharp pain(even despite the anesthetic), and the blood that gets into the jaw cavity is not dangerous: the liquid will resolve after a while, after which all symptoms will disappear. Usually such problems go away in a couple of weeks, sometimes in a month.

Bleeding

An actual complication in the form of heavy blood loss is extremely rare. In other cases, there is simply more blood than the patient expected, which is quite Fine.

Even if deep large vessels are damaged, there is nothing to be afraid of: modern medicine has many ways to effectively stop bleeding, even in hard-to-reach places.

Postoperative problems

Symptoms may appear on the second or third day after surgery (early) or later. months and sometimes years(late complications).

To distinguish true signals from false ones, you need to monitor your own sensations: with healing, your health improves, and with complications, it gradually worsens, starting from the second or third day of engraftment.

A common reaction of the body, which is often confused with a complication, is pain, swelling, fever, hematoma and numbness. Normally it can last up to a week.

More serious causes of concern that require unconditional intervention are inflammation, dehiscence, peri-implantitis and implant failure.

A completely natural reaction for such interventions. A few hours after the end of the operation, the anesthesia and the adrenaline included in its composition will cease to act, and the nerves will again begin to send signals to the brain. signals of "damage".


To get rid of pain for the first 2-3 days, the specialist will prescribe additional painkillers. If the pain persists or appears after this time even under the influence of pills, you should consult a doctor.

It is also a completely natural reaction of the body (dilation of blood vessels and channels for accelerated healing). To avoid this, you should attach apply something cold to your cheek immediately after surgery, but do not hold it there for a long time.

Hypothermia can make things even worse, causing necrosis soft tissues, and the swelling will not subside. Swelling should not last longer than a week.

Data analysis: how much does a good dental implant cost?

It can be visible not only on the gum, but also on the outer surface of the cheek. Evidence of abundant internal hemorrhage. The body itself is able to cope with such a complication. And you should consult a doctor only if the yellow-brown tint does not subside within 4-5 days.

Temperature rise

It is a completely normal reaction of the body to the entry of a foreign “substance” (in this case, an implant). Body temperature elevated to 37-38 degrees should not cause concern because the body is thus accelerates all (including recovery) processes.

Seam divergence

A fairly rare occurrence, the causes of which are quite predictable: excessive loads on the operated jaw, touching the stitches with the tongue, poor hygiene.

May continue up to a week. Associated with blood entering the sinuses of the jaw and excess pressure on the nerves. This effect should be local and short-lived.

Inflammation

This is a fairly serious sign that should not be confused with a hematoma. As a result of inflammation, an unpleasant taste and pain appear in the mouth, the soft tissue around the implant changes color, and there is an unpleasant odor from the mouth.

Feeling of heaviness in the maxillary sinus

Often occurs as a result of implant failure inside maxillary cavity. This happens when the length of an artificial root or thinned jaw bone is not accurately calculated. If such a symptom occurs, you should consult a doctor and get an x-ray.

If concerns are confirmed, the implant is removed, after which the dentist performs bone tissue augmentation and re-implantation (after 2 months).

Peri-implantitis

A serious and unpleasant complication. It can appear immediately or a week or even years after surgery. In this case, inflammation occurs not only in soft tissues, but and in the bone itself.

Under the influence of decomposition processes, bone tissue decreases and pus appears. Often peri-implantitis occurs due to lack of hygiene and appropriate care.

The consequences are much more serious than ordinary edema. Often, inflammation develops into implant rejection and is accompanied by a feeling of “movement” of the implant relative to the bone.

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An overview of the Alpha Bio implant catalog that is understandable for non-specialists.

Here http://zubovv.ru/implantatsiya/proizvoditeli/astra-tech.html material has been prepared on how to install the Astra Tech implant.

Precautions

Negative options for the development of events after surgery are most often realized through the fault of the patient himself. Upon completion of implantation, the doctor must give a list of recommendations on nutrition, medications and daily procedures, but not everyone follows them strictly.

The first rule in this case is consonant with the slogan of doctors: “Do no harm!” It's worth it for your own good refuse from many bad habits, including smoking, for at least 1-2 months.

Too sweet, bitter, spicy foods can cause irritation and swelling, so they should also be exclude. Hard or sticky foods at all prohibited for 2 months after implantation.

Before surgery

The first and very important component of success is the choice of a clinic and a good specialist. What is important in this matter is real reviews and experience.

Before implantation, a qualified dentist conducts a general consultation to identify problems and characteristics of the body, then examines the oral cavity and, if necessary, cleans the teeth.

To create a surgical plan, the patient undergoes fluoroscopy to show the thickness and integrity of the jaw bone. As a result, contraindications to implantation and hidden problems, including caries, are identified.

Postoperative care

During the healing period, you must absolutely avoid physical activity and going to the sauna/bathhouse so that blood does not rush excessively to the head (as a result, swelling of the gums may occur).

The real experience of people who have gone through implantation is very important for those who are just deciding to undergo it. Many clinics and private offices offer their services in every city, and it is sometimes very difficult to choose between them.

Possible complications during dental implantation and in the postoperative period

Today, implantology allows you to restore not only individual teeth, but also entire rows of teeth. The technology for implanting an artificial root has been proven and does not present any particular difficulties for qualified specialists. However, as with any surgical procedure, there is a risk of complications with implantation. The appearance of consequences is possible not only during the operation, but also in the first days after the intervention, as well as several years later.

Complications when installing dental implants: 1

Why an abscess may appear over an implant

For what reason may there be

Installation of implants can be complicated by a number of consequences. Complications may arise due to:

1. Medical errors: incompetence of the doctor, incorrect selection of the length of the implant, overheating of tissues during the formation of the hole for the implant, infection, errors in the positioning of the structure, peculiarities of the patient’s physiology, individual intolerance to the implant materials.
2. Use of low-quality implants, outdated equipment. A possible disadvantage of the implant may be a poor connection to the abutment.
3. Patient's guilt. Most often, failure to maintain sufficient hygiene. The area where the crown touches the gum is especially susceptible to the accumulation of tartar, which causes inflammation. Complications can be caused by failure to follow recommendations for taking medications and lifestyle.

Complications can arise due to medical errors and the fault of the patient

Negative consequences of dental implantation can occur in:

• in the short term - before prosthetics;
• medium-term - within two years after implantation;
• long-term - after two years from the moment of implantation.

What complications can occur during dental implantation?

Implantation may be accompanied by complications that arise during the operation. Highlight:

1. Heating the implant when dissecting its head. To eliminate the problem, the doctor must irrigate the preparation area and the bur.
2. Incorrect implant installation. A common mistake is tightening the screws when installing an implant while the cement is hardening. This can lead to cracking of the cement when screwed in.
3. Incorrect installation of the implant head. If the connection of the implant head with the intraosseous element is not tight, an accumulation of microbes, tissue fluid and overload of other structural supports occurs, which threatens peri-implantitis.

On the upper jaw

Carrying out implantation in the upper jaw is accompanied by a number of difficulties and complications. This is due the structure of the jaws and the inaccessibility of the necessary areas. Implantation in the upper jaw extends from nearby important organs.

Long implants are required for installation strength, which often cause the following complications:

• injure nasopalatine bundle, located in the center, behind the incisors, bleeding occurs and lack of integration of the implant into the bone;
• may damage bottom of nasal cavities, a possible complication is perforation of the internal nasal mucosa, infection in the apical (lowest point of the rod) part of the implant;
• damage neurovascular bundles located in the canine area, numbness of the upper lip is observed;
• pierce the bottom of the sinus, which provokes the development of sinusitis;
• damage palatal artery in the area of ​​the pterygomaxillary mass, bleeding occurs.

The upper jaw has less density, so elongated implant models are required, which can cause complications

In the bottom row

The lower jaw has areas, damage to which is fraught with negative consequences:

• loss of sensation is caused by compression, rupture of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve;
• numbness of the lower lip, tissues around and the lateral part of the lower jaw occurs due to damage to the wall of the mandibular canal;
• damage to the external branch of the facial artery requires urgent assistance from a surgeon;
• buccal perforation leads to exposure of the implant thread.

Negative consequences after surgery

Complications of the postoperative period are divided into early and late.

Symptoms of early complications in the postoperative period

Delayed complications during the functioning of dental implants

Late complications occur a year or more after implant placement. These include:

Peri-implantitis

Inflammation of the bone tissue around the implant, which occurs due to poor oral hygiene, violation of installation technique - injury to the gingival cuff, the presence of cement in it.

Treatment of peri-implantitis with medication is possible at the first stage of the disease. Carry out:

1. administration of anesthesia, removal and cleaning of the prosthesis;
2. removal of granulation from the surface of the implant using laser, ultrasound;
3. removal of tartar;
4. carrying out applications with medications;
5. prescription of antibiotics.

How is peri-implantitis treated non-surgically?

Process, late stage, requires a combination of surgical and therapeutic treatment. Carry out:

1. sanitation of the oral cavity and gum pockets with ultrasound;
2. opening and cleansing of the purulent focus;
3. treatment of the implant with antiseptic agents;
4. removal of necrotic tissue;
5. prescription of antibiotics.

If you see a doctor late, often the only treatment option is removal of the implant.

Re-implantation is carried out after complete cure of reimplantitis. In most cases, osteoplasty is first required, which is performed within six months after treatment.

Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinuses. Occurs when an implant is installed near the maxillary sinus.

Mobility of the prosthesis indicates peri-implantitis and the need for urgent removal of the implant. Anti-inflammatory drugs are then prescribed.

If implant mobility is not diagnosed, then its removal is not required. Anti-inflammatory treatment is indicated.

Mechanical damage

Occurs when the prosthesis is exposed to heavy loads. Appear in the presence of malocclusion, bruxism. They can cause a fracture of the prosthesis, the implant itself or its elements.

If the orthopedic parts of the implant are fractured, they are replaced. If the rod itself is broken, it is necessary to remove the part remaining in the jaw bone.

Fractures of dentures occur due to wear and tear of their parts. If the prosthesis is broken, it is repaired, and if the structure cannot be repaired, a new one is made.

Implant rejection

Occurs due to rejection of the structure by bone tissue. Requires implant removal.

The disease has the following stages of development:

1. The first stage is characterized by inflammation of the tissues surrounding the implant. There is a noticeable increase in the pocket and thinning of the bone in the area of ​​the prosthesis.
2. At the second stage, the height of the bone changes, and gum detachment is noticeable.
3. The height of the bone decreases, the pocket increases until the abutment is exposed, and mobility is observed.
4. The last stage is characterized by destruction of the alveolar process and implant rejection.

Signs implant rejection are:

• swelling of the gums at the implantation site and adjacent ones;
• soreness;
• discharge of pus;
• bleeding;
• enlargement of the gum pocket;
• mobility of the structure;
• elevated body temperature.

Side effects are within normal limits

Temporary harmless complications that do not cause concern are:

• presence of subfebrile body temperature (up to 37.5 degrees);
• swelling of the face;
• heaviness in the maxillary sinus;
• small hematomas;
• painful sensations.

All of these symptoms, even with a favorable outcome of the operation, can be observed within a week.

Prevention of complications

You can reduce the risk of complications by following these recommendations:

• carry out treatment with medications prescribed by the doctor;
• maintain careful oral hygiene using irrigators, toothbrushes and floss;
• stop smoking;
• take an x-ray once a year to prevent bone atrophy;
• avoid injury and overload of implants;
• follow a postoperative diet - do not eat hot, spicy, or solid foods.

Dental implant systems with minimal risk

There is a huge variety of implants, differing in many ways.

Dental systems with an impeccable reputation are produced in Switzerland, Germany, and Israel.

To protect yourself as much as possible when choosing implants, you need to consider the following: criteria:

• structures must be made of highly purified titanium;
• the surface of the implant must have macro- and microthreads;
• availability cone connection implant with abutment;
• lifetime warranty on the system;
• time of existence of the manufacturing company in the dental market.

Complications during dental implantation

Various complications can accompany any surgical procedure. Dental implantation is no exception. Here, a lot depends on the qualifications and experience of the doctor, the complexity of the manipulations performed and a number of other factors. The occurrence (or non-occurrence) of complications can be influenced by the patient himself, by following or ignoring the doctor’s recommendations.

Complications during implantation

• Fracture of the pilot drill or bur.
• Damage to the bottom of the maxillary sinus or penetration of the drill into the nasal cavity.
• Violation of the integrity of the wall of the mandibular canal and damage to the inferior ventricular nerve.
• Damage by bur to the lower and lateral compact layers of the lower jaw.
• Partial or complete absence of primary fixation of the implant.
• Violation of the integrity of the wall of the alveolar process.

Damage to instruments can have various causes: excessive pressure on the fissure bur at the time of longitudinal drilling of the implant bed, violation of temperature conditions for sterilization of equipment, or the implant exhausting its service life in 30 sterilization cycles.

Damage to the floor of the maxillary sinus may be the result of an erroneous determination of the height of the alveolar process or excessive pressure on the instrument. If such a situation arises, you should refrain from installing the implant in this place and, if possible, install it in close proximity to the already formed bed. Another possible option is to install an implant, the length of the intraosseous part of which is two millimeters less than the depth of the finished bed. In this case, the bed must first be filled with bone chips or hydroxyapatite removed from the instrument. The recommended method of implantation in this case is a two-stage one, and it is better to choose a screw or combined intraosseous element.

Damage to the inferior ventricular nerve and injuries to the wall of the mandibular canal can be caused by negligence in preparing the bone bed or incorrect determination of the size of the implant due to possible distortion of the vertical size of the mandible on the orthopantomogram. If the preparation of the canal wall results in the occurrence of an intracanal hematoma and subsequent compression of the nerve, then restoration of sensitivity in the area of ​​innervation can be expected in two to three weeks. In cases of osteoporosis, the wall of the mandibular canal may be defective or absent altogether; in this case, the effect on the lower ventricular nerve can be explained by hemorrhage in the area of ​​the medullary spaces, as well as swelling of the reticular tissue of the bone marrow. Partial loss of sensation (or parasthesia) in the lower lip area may be felt the day after surgery and disappear completely after five to seven days. If the decrease in sensitivity of the lower lip, caused by a violation of the integrity of the wall of the mandibular canal and the inferior alveolar nerve, persists for one to two weeks, then the implant must be removed and the necessary symptomatic treatment performed.

Violation of the integrity of the lower or lateral compact layer of the lower jaw, by and large, is not a complication, but if during control radiographs it turns out that part of the implant extends beyond the jawbone by more than two millimeters, it is necessary to replace the installed implant with another one. whose height of the intraosseous part is less.

A fracture of the wall of the alveolar process very often occurs as a result of the installation of a plate implant if the bone bed under it was formed smaller than necessary. Another possible reason for this complication is the narrowness of the alveolar process. In this case, you need to press the broken part to the appendage and stitch the wound.

If the implant in the bone bed is mobile and there is no fixation, the reason for this may be either improper preparation of the bone bed or osteoporosis. If the preparation of the bone bed was performed incorrectly, the installed implant can be replaced with a similar one, but of a slightly larger diameter (if this is allowed by the existing anatomical conditions), or the installed implant can be kept in the existing bed, filling the gaps in its upper part with bone chips. If the cause of implant mobility is osteoporosis, it can be fixed by filling the bed with osteoconductive or osteoinductive material. There is another option: replacing the existing implant with an implant of a different design, for example, a cylindrical one with a screw one, without cutting threads in the bed, which was prepared for installing a cylindrical implant.

Complications in the postoperative period

• Hemorrhages and hematomas.
• Seam divergence.
• The occurrence of inflammatory processes in the soft tissues surrounding the jaw.
• Pain.

Such complications are not very common and are caused either by complications that arise during the operation or by the patient ignoring the doctor’s recommendations.

Complications during the period of reparative bone tissue regeneration

• Implant rejection.

The cause of peri-implantitis is inflammation of the soft tissue in the surgical site, which leads to the destruction of the bone tissue surrounding the implant. This condition can be caused by the presence of a hematoma over the plug of the intraosseous element and its subsequent suppuration, as well as incorrect preparation of the bone bed, closure of the postoperative wound and the condition of the oral cavity, which leaves much to be desired.

Treatment of peri-implantitis is carried out as follows:

• Plaque is removed from the part of the implant protruding into the oral cavity.
• The implant cuff is detoxified using a citric acid solution for 1 minute.
• The gingival cuff is treated with antibacterial gel.
• Drug therapy is carried out.
• Hygienic care of the oral cavity is recommended (rinsing with antiseptic solutions).

If the measures taken did not produce results, and the inflammatory process could not be stopped, or after some time a relapse of peri-implantitis was discovered, then the implant must be removed.

Implant failure is essentially an inflammatory process that begins in the bone surrounding the implant and spreads to adjacent areas. Rejection can be caused by thermal damage to the bone tissue during the preparation process (which leads to the formation of granulation tissue between the implant and the bone), as well as osteoporosis of a specific area of ​​​​the bone tissue and insufficient blood supply (which leads to necrosis of the bone around the implant). There is only one way to get rid of this problem - removing the implant.

Complications during the second stage of the operation

• Removing the intraosseous element of the implant along with the plug.
• Penetration of the implant into the maxillary sinus.
• Formation of a section of bone tissue over the intraosseous element.

The intraosseous element may become unscrewed if the process of reparative bone regeneration is disrupted and implant integration is lacking. In this case, the implant can simply be returned to its original place, the patient can be prescribed calcium supplements, and after a month and a half, the second stage of the operation can be repeated.

Cases of pushing the intraosseous part of the implant into the cavity of the maxillary sinus, as a rule, are the result of subantral implantation and a slowdown or disruption of the course of reparative bone regeneration. In this situation, surgery is required to remove the implant from the sinus cavity.

If bone tissue has formed over the intraosseous implant, this phenomenon is not considered a complication. You just need to make an incision in the periosteum and mucous membrane, remove the bone formation using a saw, and during the installation of the former and the gingival cuff of the implant, make sure that nothing else prevents their correct screwing.

Complications during prosthetics

• An increase in the temperature of the implant at the time of preparation of its head.
• Incorrect placement of the implant head.
• Incorrect installation of dentures.

To prevent the implant from heating up during the preparation of the heads, it is necessary to constantly irrigate the preparation area and the bur itself.

If the head of the implant is not connected tightly enough to the intraosseous element, this inevitably leads to overload of the remaining supports of the prosthesis and becomes a site of accumulation of tissue fluid and microbial plaque, which is fraught with the occurrence of peri-implantitis.

Errors in the installation of conditionally removable dentures are, in fact, uneven tightening of the screws that secure the denture, and, as a result, overloading of some implants and loose fit of the denture to the heads of other implants, on which microbial plaque accumulates. This is dangerous due to the occurrence of peri-imlantitis.

Errors in installing a combined prosthesis may include untimely tightening of the screws when the cement has already hardened. The screws must be screwed in before the cement sets, because hardened cement may crack.

Complications during the functioning of implants

• Hyperplasia and mucositis of the mucous membrane of the gingival cuff of implants.
• Inflammation of the bone tissue around the implant (peri-implantitis).
• Sinusitis of the maxillary sinuses.
• Mechanical damage to prostheses and implant components.

Inflammatory processes in the tissues of the gingival cuff with their subsequent hyperplasia are usually observed in cases of inadequate oral hygiene, as well as incorrect installation of implant components. Mucositis is diagnosed based on bleeding, cyanosis, and thinning of the mucous membrane around the implant. Necessary treatment: plaque removal, proper oral care, removable denture correction, vestibuloplasty. If hyperplasia occurs, in addition to the above symptoms, more pronounced hyperemia, swelling and the formation of granulation tissue may be observed. Necessary treatment (in addition to the above): curettage of the gingival cuff and correction of the tissues that form it using surgical methods.

Reimplantitis can be caused by a number of reasons, including weakening of the protective function of the gingival cuff around the implant due to poor oral hygiene, the presence of cement residues in the gingival cuff, and permanent trauma to the gingival cuff. Any of these factors can cause an inflammatory process that spreads deeper along the bone/implant interface, which prevents osseointegration. Treatment consists of eliminating the causes of the development of the inflammatory process, as well as detecting a bone defect at the implant site and eliminating it.

Sinusitis can be caused by reimplantitis in the area of ​​the implant, which is installed in close proximity to the maxillary sinus. If rhinogenic sinusitis appears in this place, the implant and the tissues surrounding it can become a secondary focus of the inflammatory process in the maxillary sinus. If there are signs of implant mobility or peri-implantitis, the implant must be removed and anti-inflammatory treatment performed. Repeating the plastic surgery is possible no earlier than six months later. If the implant is motionless and there are no signs of peri-implantitis, but there are signs of rhinogenic sinusitis, then treatment should be aimed at eliminating the cause of sinusitis, in addition, anti-inflammatory drug therapy is necessary.

Mechanical stress and cyclic loads, which inevitably arise in the components of the implant and prosthesis during chewing, can cause plastic deformation and cause fracture of the prosthesis, the implant itself or its components. If the orthopedic components of the implant are fractured, they are replaced, and if the implant itself is broken, the remaining part must be removed from the bone. Fractures of dentures are a consequence of fatigue deformations of the metal base. In cases of fractures of dentures, new dentures are made, and if the integrity of the plastic part of metal-acrylic dentures with a gum mask is damaged, the denture is repaired or a new plastic part is made.

The disadvantages of dental implantation, despite its increased popularity, can be very serious. If the procedure is performed poorly and not professionally, then it is difficult and sometimes impossible to correct the result. A foreign body in the form of an implant that is implanted into the gum poses a certain health hazard because it can provoke complications and cause unpleasant side effects.

Dental implantation is an expensive operation with a long postoperative period. This compounds her shortcomings. In cases where the implant does not take root or becomes loose, there is a possibility of having to perform the operation again, which leads to stress for the person; he is forced to undergo surgery again, wasting time and a lot of money.

In addition to the above, there are several more unpleasant consequences of an unsuccessful operation:

• Rejection of the installed structure due to violation of osseointegration for various reasons
• Rejection of the implant due to the fault of the patient who does not follow the doctor’s recommendations in the postoperative period - smoking, alcohol, lack or insufficient oral hygiene, excessive chewing load on the installed structure, ignoring regular visits to the doctor
• Ignoring on the part of the implantologist the presence of serious contraindications for implantation, as well as age restrictions

Contraindications for implantation

Since dental implantation is a type of surgical operation, there are a number of contraindications and restrictions for its implementation. But doctors are not unanimous on this issue.

The level of development of modern medicine is growing. What used to be a major obstacle to the procedure is now being resolved thanks to new technologies and drugs.

There are absolute and relative contraindications for dental implantation. To the absolute, most experts consider:

• Malignant tumors
• Problems with blood clotting, blood diseases
• Allergy to anesthesia
• Alcoholism, drug addiction in chronic form
• Severe diseases of the nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular systems
• Kidney, liver failure

According to many experts, not all contraindications to implantation are insurmountable.

But, judging by medical articles and comments of modern dentists and implantologists, even such problems are not always an obstacle to implantation today. For example, bad habits will not prevent you from getting a normal smile and the ability to restore chewing function in full.

Under favorable conditions, implant installation is performed:

• Elderly people
• For heavy smokers
• After cancer treatment
• If during the development of type 2 diabetes the metabolic processes in bone tissue were not affected
• After a stroke or heart attack
• If you have a pacemaker

Important! The doctor is obliged to refuse implantation if the patient has seriously impaired tissue regeneration and in cases of diagnosing a severe, acute form of the disease or a chronic disease in a decompensated form (with frequent exacerbations).

But even in these cases there are options. A patient with ARVI who has a high fever, runny nose, cough and sore throat will first have to cure the disease. After all, in this state the immune system is weakened, a high-quality operation will not be possible, and serious complications and side effects are likely. And 10-14 days after treatment, he can already undergo full implantation.

Impaired tissue regeneration always means an almost 100% chance of implant rejection. An example is the unsatisfactory condition of tissues after radiation therapy in the maxillofacial area. They lose the ability to recover, renew and grow, so installing an implant is useless; it will not take root.

Pregnancy and implantation

Pregnancy is considered a relative contraindication for implantation. The installed implants themselves do not pose a threat to the health of the expectant mother and fetus. They do not contain substances that affect pregnancy and intrauterine development of the child. But the course of the operation includes several negative factors for the health of the pregnant woman:

• X-ray radiation - without pictures it is difficult to perform a full examination before the procedure, to check the quality of implant installation, therefore, in one form or another, such an examination is mandatory
• Medicines used during implantation

Important! X-ray radiation in relation to pregnant women is applicable only in emergency, urgent cases for diagnostic purposes. At other times it should be avoided.

It is better to postpone dental implant surgery during pregnancy

Any type of x-ray is unacceptable if the patient is pregnant. But since it is impossible to carry out implantation without x-rays, the operation must be postponed until a more favorable time.

Most medications used during implant installation - analgesics, anesthetics, antihistamines, antibiotics, topical oral medications, sedatives - are contraindicated for pregnant women. Risking the health of an unborn child for such an operation is not permissible.

Is implantation really dangerous?

What are the dangers of dental implants? After their installation, complications often appear in the form of an inflammatory process in the soft tissues. The reasons may be:

• Infection due to non-compliance with hygiene requirements
• Unsatisfactory condition of bone tissue
• Functional (occlusal) overloads
• Soft tissue disorders

Factors influencing the development of inflammation are usually a violation of the sterility of the implant during installation, poor-quality, superficial oral hygiene in the postoperative period.

If sterility is not observed, the inflammatory process can affect the deep layers of bone tissue, and reimplantitis can occur - the implant sinking deeper into the skull bone. To avoid such problems, the dentist often installs the structure at a certain angle.

In this case, in case of increased load on the implant, a piece of the jaw bone in the area of ​​the tooth socket may break off.

Today, neither the highly qualified doctor nor the modern equipment used is a guarantee of the success of the implantation operation.

The procedure for augmenting bone tissue requires a highly qualified doctor and strict compliance with all requirements in accordance with the protocol for conducting a surgical operation. But even with the most favorable course of implantation and the highly qualified doctor, every twentieth implant, according to statistics, still does not take root.

Dangers during implantation

Any surgical intervention carries a certain risk for the patient and even for an experienced doctor.

Implantation as an operation is no exception. There are several types of risks associated with its implementation:

• Incorrect choice of procedure technique
• Incorrect selection of implant, its shape, size
• Errors during preparatory procedures
• Poor quality bone growth
• Placing the implant at the wrong angle
• Risk of possible damage to the facial nerve
• Patient intolerance to a certain or any type of local anesthesia, detected already during surgery

Such medical errors lead to negative consequences both during and after dental implantation. In addition, everyone experiences the stress associated with surgery differently, and the body's reaction can be unpredictable.

Possible complications in the postoperative period

In the postoperative period, the following complications may occur:

• Impaired osseointegration, which can result in gradual loosening of the implant under load, even if it has taken root normally. The reason is an incorrectly calculated or executed installation angle of the structure.
• If there is a gap between the abutment and the gum, then as a result of the accumulation of food particles in the subgingival space, an inflammatory process is possible
• If there is insufficient bone tissue in the upper jaw, an implant protruding into the maxillary sinus can cause sinusitis

Long-term negative consequences of implantation

When your teeth are replaced with implants, long-term problems may arise:

• When chewing food with the help of implants, you may not feel the chewing load. But at the same time, the muscles will be in increased tone, such excess tension will lead to headaches, neck pain, and pathological changes in the functioning of the jaw joint.
• Crowns that are placed on an abutment are made from various materials. The influence of microparticles of these materials entering the human body with food is poorly understood. After all, only the implant itself is made of high-quality biocompatible, hypoallergenic titanium or its alloy. Crowns are selected based on the patient’s financial capabilities, which does not always ensure their high quality and safety. It is recommended, in order to avoid such a problem, to use a structure made entirely of one material.

Before undergoing dental implantation, the patient must be familiar with all the possible risks and dangers of this operation.

Whether the restoration of useful functions outweighs the risks of implantation is up to you to decide

In any case, the benefit of installing implants is the restoration of normal chewing function, which will ensure high-quality digestion; aesthetics of appearance, and therefore psychological comfort, significantly exceeds any risks associated with the procedure.

Losing teeth is frustrating and worrying for every patient. Fortunately, there are now many methods of prosthetics that allow you to restore dental organs. One of them is dental implantation; complications with this type of prosthetics can arise for various reasons. But thanks to modern developments, unpleasant consequences after the procedure are minimized.

The main reasons that can cause problems during implantation:

1. The physiological characteristics of the patient, intolerance to drugs or substances, how wounds heal, how blood clots, as well as the shape of the jaw.
2. Careless examinations, incorrect diagnosis, identification of not all contraindications to surgical intervention, as well as the patient’s negligent attitude towards himself, non-compliance with recommendations, ignoring symptoms that signal the occurrence of complications.
3. Insufficient qualifications and experience of the implantologist. Due to a violation of the technology during procedures, a facial nerve or artery may be touched, a crown may be incorrectly removed, gum tissue may be cut too much, an implant may not be seated tightly, sutures may be placed poorly, or, worst of all, an infection may occur.
4. Poor quality of material or equipment used.

Complications during surgery

During the operation itself, the following difficulties may arise:

1. The nerves of the lower jaw may be affected, which after surgery will manifest itself in numbness of the chin, tongue, lips or cheeks. Such a nuisance should go away on its own, but this will most likely take a lot of time.
2. The doctor may damage the paranasal (maxillary) lining of the sinuses. So, the patient may develop sinusitis, or pus may get into the place where the implant was implanted.
3. Pain and bleeding may occur within 24 hours after surgery. You can cope with them with the help of medications recommended by a specialist.
4. The cause of inflammation of the gums surrounding the implant () can be hemorrhage with subsequent formation of pus, insufficient oral care, as well as medical error when installing the structure or closing the wound. The problem can be solved through cleaning and treatment. If they do not help, the structure has to be removed and the bone structure restored.
5. It is also possible that this is due to an error during the operation caused by granulation, or the cause is osteoporosis. In this case, it is necessary to remove the implant.
6. The instrument may break, which indicates a doctor’s mistake or excessive sterilization, which led to the fragility of the instrument.
7. The fact that the implant is wobbly indicates a lack of primary fixation. Replacing the design with another, more suitable one may help.
8. If the alveolar process or its walls are fractured, most likely the size of the bed was formed incorrectly. The problem can be solved by pressing the fragment and applying stitches.

Indications and contraindications for dental implantation and how they are related to possible complications

Implantation is indicated for patients who have lost one or more teeth, for which conventional treatment is not possible.

But the cause of complications is often not the guidance of indications, but incomplete identification or ignoring of contraindications. This situation often occurs due to the doctor’s desire to earn more money by providing services, and implantation is an expensive procedure.

Installing an implant is strictly contraindicated in the following cases:

• the presence of chronic diseases in the decompensated stage;
• the presence of serious hemostasis disorders;
• HIV and other seropositive infections;
• some mental illnesses.

Relative contraindications include:

• acute stage of the disease, for example, acute viral infection;
• infectious diseases of a chronic nature;
• recent heart attack or stroke;
• pregnancy and lactation;
• risk of bacteremia if the patient has prosthetic heart valves, suffered rheumatism or endocarditis;
• exacerbation of chronic diseases;
• undergoing treatment with drugs that can impair tissue regeneration.

If the patient has relative contraindications, the specialist should wait until they are eliminated and only then install implants to avoid complications.

Some patients really want to undergo implantation and are interested in whether it is still possible to carry out the procedure while pregnant or in the presence of an acute infectious disease.

It is better not to undergo implantation during pregnancy. After all, this can negatively affect the unborn child. However, an emergency need for implantation during pregnancy is unlikely to arise. And even in the case of severe trauma that leads to a fracture of a tooth or its root, it is better to wait with implantation. The expectant mother should first of all worry about the health of the child, and only then about the aesthetics of her smile.

Engraftment of implants cannot be complicated in any way during pregnancy, but the need to use medications after the procedure will negatively affect the unborn baby.

Installation of implants when the patient has an acute infectious process can provoke peri-implantitis, because with such diseases there is severe weakening of the entire body.

But, at the same time, it is possible to implant an implant into the socket of an extracted tooth that has suffered from. If you choose the right medications, system and implantation technology, you can minimize the possibility of complications in such a situation.

But neglect of contraindications can be dangerous, especially if the dentist undertook the procedure in such a case, wanting to gain commercial benefits.

Complications after implantation

Complications that occur after the implantation procedure are more common. Let's look at the most common of them:

1. Diseases that need to be treated immediately. For example, peri-implantitis. At the same time, antibacterial therapy is carried out, pus and inflammation are removed. Subsequently, it is important to thoroughly clean the oral cavity so that the disease does not return again.
2. It happens that acute pain suddenly occurs at the site of the installed implant, while the patient may develop a fever, pus and inflammation of the gums may be visible. These are symptoms of structural failure. The reason may be: an allergic reaction to the material, improper oral care, or poor fixation of the structure. In this case, you can only remove the implant.
3. Painful sensations after implantation may also be the cause of the body's reaction to the subsiding effect of anesthesia. However, if the pain does not go away for a long time, its cause may also be a nerve entanglement or tissue inflammation.
4. Swelling occurs in most cases after the procedure. This is a completely normal reaction of the body to penetration. It can go away in a week. And you can help it disappear by applying ice to the swollen tissues. If the swelling does not go away after a week, or the tissues turn blue, there may be inflammation and you should immediately consult a dentist.
5. Bleeding is also a fairly common consequence of the procedure. And it is normal when it is not very abundant and lasts no more than 10 days. If bleeding is prolonged or too severe, blood vessels may be injured during surgery.
6. A slight increase in temperature, with a short duration, is also quite normal. But if the temperature exceeds 37 degrees, accompanied by the appearance of pus, then the inflammatory process has begun.
7. Numbness of the chin, lips and parts of the mouth that does not go away within 6 hours after surgery indicates that the facial nerve has been affected.
8. If the seams come apart, there may be inflammation or mechanical damage.
9. Pushing a bridge or crown up indicates a violation of the technology of implantation or restoration of bone tissue. In this case, the implant is removed.
10. If tissue has grown over the installed implant, it is removed.
11. If the implant is twisted, the bone structure may be damaged. The implant can be put in place if there is no inflammation and help strengthen the bone tissue through special treatment.
12. If the implants ache, it means that the installation was carried out incorrectly, which caused them to be overloaded. It is necessary to screw in the implant in a timely manner to avoid such consequences.
13. If after installation of implants they become weaker, peri-implantitis may have formed. The reasons may be different. The problem can be solved by relieving inflammation. It is necessary to treat the inflamed area with special ointments, rinse, and so on. If this does not help, the implant is removed, the bone is restored and a new one is installed.
14. The most unpleasant consequence of implantation is implant rejection. In this case, it is removed.

Which implant systems have the lowest risk of complications?

There are quite a lot of implants today, at least 300 types. They are different and have different parameters. But unfortunately there are no designs that have no risk of complications after implantation.

But there are implants that have proven themselves to be excellent and are rejected in very rare cases, of course, if they are installed and used correctly.

When choosing the safest designs, you need to consider the following criteria:

• the material being manufactured (titanium) must have a high degree of purification;
• designs with macro- and micro-threads are preferable;
• an abutment and an implant fastened by means of a conical connection are the most acceptable, since this is the most reliable fastening, increasing the service life of the structure;
• implants with a large manufacturer’s warranty are also more welcome; the warranty can be lifetime, which indicates proven quality and minimal risks;
• The longer a brand exists on the market, the greater the chances of getting a quality product. These include such famous brands as Straumann, Nobel (offers comprehensive solutions, for example, or on three implants), Astra Tech and others.

There are many cheap analogues of these companies on the modern market. They should be avoided, because the low price of the product can lead to big complications.

Thus, in order to minimize the risks of complications, you need to very carefully choose dentistry, a specialist and the manufacturer of the structure, as well as follow all recommendations and properly care for the oral cavity.

How to avoid problems?

A patient who decides to get implants needs to choose a good dental clinic that is equipped with the latest equipment and employs professional, certified and experienced doctors. Such a clinic provides a guarantee on structures, as well as situations in case of their rejection, and so on. In such a clinic, the implantation procedure will be most favorable.

Before going to the dentist, it is important to also study reviews of patients who have already been served here. This way you will understand how implants are placed in this institution and how they take root.

Don't forget about the cost of the procedure. Most often, in a clinic with a higher price for implantation, the procedure is performed with better quality.

It is also important to remember that in addition to how the installation of the structure went, the risk of complications may also be due to the patient’s lack of careful oral care.

Be that as it may, it is impossible to insure yourself one hundred percent against complications. After all, these are not rules, but exceptions, which are quite possible.