Pharmacology: lecture notes Valeria Nikolaevna Malevannaya

3. Astringents

Astringents, when applied to mucous membranes, cause coagulation of proteins, the resulting film protects the mucous membrane from irritating factors, pain decreases and inflammation is weakened.

This effect is exerted by many substances of plant origin, as well as weak solutions of salts of certain metals.

Tannin(Ta n i n u m).

gallodubic acid. It has astringent and anti-inflammatory action.

Application: stomatitis, gingivitis, pharyngitis (1-2% solution for rinsing (3-5 times a day), externally for burns, ulcers, cracks, bedsores (3-10% solutions and ointments), poisoning with alkaloids, heavy salts metals (0.5% aqueous solution for gastric lavage).

Release form: powder.

Tansal(Tansal).

Composition: tanalbine - 0.3 g, phenyl salicylate - 0.3 g. Astringent and disinfectant.

Application: acute and subacute enteritis and colitis (1 tablet 3-4 times a day).

Release form: tablets number 6.

Hypericum herb(Herba Hyperici).

Contains tannins such as catechins, hyperoside, azulene, essential oil and other substances.

Application: as an astringent and antiseptic for colitis in the form of a decoction (10.0-200.0 g) 0.3 cups 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals, for rinsing the mouth in the form of tincture (30-40 drops per glass of water) .

Release form: chopped grass 100.0 g each, briquettes 75 g each, tincture ( Tinctura Hyperici) in vials of 25 ml.

Oak bark(Cortex Quecus).

Application: as an astringent in the form of an aqueous decoction (1:10) for rinsing with gingivitis, stomatitis and other inflammatory processes of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, externally for the treatment of burns (20% solution).

In medical practice, infusions and decoctions of such plants are also used: serpentine rhizome ( Rhizoma Bistortae), rhizome and root of burnet ( Rhizoma cum radicibus Sanguisorbae), alder seedlings ( Fructus Alni), sage leaves ( Folium salviae), the drug from it is salvin ( Salvinum), chamomile flowers ( Flores Chamomillae), a preparation from chamomile; romazulan ( Romasulon), blueberries ( Baccae Murtilli), cherry fruits ( Baccae Pruni racemosae), Potentilla rhizome ( Rhizoma Tormentillae), succession grass ( Herba Bidentis).

Metal salts. Bismuth preparations.

Bismuth nitrate basic(Bismuthi subnitras).

Application: as an astringent, weak antiseptic, fixing agent for gastrointestinal diseases, it is prescribed orally at 0.25-1 g (0.1-0.5 g for children) per reception 4-6 times a day 15-30 minutes before meals.

Side effects: with prolonged use in high doses, methemoglobinemia is possible.

Release form: powder, which is part of the Vikair tablets, used for gastric and duodenal ulcers, and Neo-Anuzol suppositories, which are used for hemorrhoids.

Xeroform(xeroformium).

Applied externally as an astringent, drying and antiseptic agent in powders, powders, ointments (3-10%). Included in the balsamic liniment (Vishnevsky ointment)

Dermatol(Dermatolum).

Synonym: Bismuthi subgallas. Applied as an astringent, antiseptic and drying agent externally for inflammatory diseases of the skin, mucous membranes in the form of powders, ointments, suppositories.

Release form: powder.

Lead preparations: lead acetate ( Plumbi acetas) - lead lotion - 0.25% solution.

Aluminum preparations: Alum ( Alumen). Used as an astringent and hemostatic agent (0.5–1% solution).

Alum burnt(Alumen ustum).

As an astringent and drying agent in the form of a powder included in the powder.

This text is an introductory piece.

LECTURE No. 11. Drugs acting on peripheral neurotransmitter systems. Drugs acting on peripheral cholinergic processes 1. Drugs acting primarily on peripheral neurotransmitter systems B

LECTURE No. 15. Means acting in the field of sensitive nerve endings. Means that reduce the sensitivity of nerve endings 1. Local anesthetics The drugs of this group selectively block the process of transmission of excitation in the efferent nerves and

4. Enveloping agents and adsorbent agents

2. Products containing essential oils. bitterness. Means containing ammonia Means containing essential oils. Eucalyptus leaf (Folium Eucalypti). Application: decoction and infusion of eucalyptus as an antiseptic for rinsing and inhalation with ENT diseases, as well as for treatment

46. Astringents When applied to mucous membranes, astringents cause coagulation of proteins, the resulting film protects the mucous membrane from irritating factors, pain sensations are reduced and inflammation processes are weakened. Such an action is

47. Enveloping agents and adsorbent agents

48. Products containing essential oils. bitterness. Means containing ammonia Means containing essential oils. Eucalyptus leaf (Folium Eucalypti). Application: decoction and infusion of eucalyptus as an antiseptic for rinsing and inhalation with ENT diseases, as well as for treatment

MOISTURIZING AND AstrINGENT EYE PREPARATIONS Used for the "dry eye" syndrome. Substances that increase viscosity include cellulose derivatives (0.5–0.1% polyvinyl glycol, polyvinylporrolidone, 0.9% polyacrylic acid derivatives. Substitutes

X. Household goods X. Household goods (suspended). Saucer. Medicines are prepared in it. Bottles. Some “compositions” and other medicines are prepared and stored in them. Ordinary water is used to prepare decoctions, broths,

Astringent and tanning plants If your hand skin is oily and you are tired of fighting it, using various kinds of cosmetics to cleanse the skin of the abundant secretion of fatty grease, which clogs the pores, which causes sore acne

COUGH MEDICINES When coughing, the following expectorants are used to thin and better sputum discharge. Breast elixir. Drugs are taken orally; children under 1 year are prescribed 1 - 2 drops 2 - 3 times a day, children older than a year - the number of drops per reception,

Fortifying agents. Means that regulate metabolism - Take a pinch of blackthorn flowers and dandelion inflorescences, pour 1 glass of boiling water, let it brew, strain, add 1 tbsp. a spoonful of apple cider vinegar. Drink warm before going to bed.- For a restorative bath

Hand products For chapped skin Boil 5 potatoes, grind into a pulp, add 5 tbsp. l. milk. Apply warm gruel on the skin and hold for 10 minutes, make an energetic massage. Wash hands with cold water and apply cream. You can just dip your hands into this gruel until

Diarrhea, or in the common people diarrhea, is a fairly common occurrence in life. It can be caused by stress, or it can be a sign of a disease. It is important to find out the cause of diarrhea for the correct selection of drugs.

Medicines are antimicrobial when the infection is caused by microbes, symptomatic when diarrhea is non-infectious and means of restoring microflora in dysbacteriosis.

Mechanism of action of astringents

Astringents belong to the group of symptomatic drugs, their action is to neutralize organic acids in the gastrointestinal tract, absorb pathogenic flora and reduce mucosal inflammation.

Astringents: classification

Astringents are divided into organic, they are mainly extracted from plants and inorganic, which are salts of aluminum and some heavy metals.

Organic Astringents

Organic astringents contain tannins and have a tart, astringent taste. When interacting with cells and cell fluid, they cause the formation of a dense, insoluble and low-permeable protein compound on the surface layer. It protects the nerve endings from irritation, relieves spasms and soothes pain. Astringents also interact with microorganism cells, which significantly reduces their activity. This also contributes to the achievement of a bacteriostatic effect. The action of astringents is usually short-lived, so they are used several times to consolidate the effect. True, with an overdose of funds, not only the necrosis of the surface layers, but also the deeper ones, i.e. can occur. there will be a burning effect.

Tannin is called one of the main organic astringents, it is isolated from the shoots of the Asia Minor oak. It is also found in combination with other tannins in alder seedlings, oak bark, calamus roots, cinquefoil and burnet, in herbs - chamomile, St. John's wort, sage, succession, in blueberries and fruits.

Inorganic astringent

Inorganic astringents also create a film and seal on the surface of the skin, which protects it from external influences. They are used mainly externally for rinses, lotions and powders as an antiseptic. Bismuth-based preparations, such as De-nol, are used inside, they relieve inflammation of the mucosa well and thicken the stool.

Astringent medicines

For the treatment of short-term disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, organic astringents are widely used, tk. they do not have a harmful effect on the body if the dosage is observed. Inorganic agents have a slightly different mechanism of action and are used to treat chronic gastrointestinal diseases.

Laxative astringents

With diarrhea caused by malnutrition, a drug based on aluminum and magnesium salts is used - Attapulgite, which has a high adsorption capacity. The advantage of the drug is that it is not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Take no more than 2 days.

Astringent properties also have Gastrolit, which is a mixture of sodium and potassium salts, glucose and chamomile extract. Normalizes the electrolyte balance in the intestines.

Burnet root extract is a herbal medicine. Take 30-50 drops diluted with water 3 times a day

Tanncomp, contains tannin obtained from natural raw materials. When treating with this drug, you need to follow a diet and drink plenty of fluids.

Astringent anti-inflammatory drugs

Astringents, in addition to fixing, also cause an anti-inflammatory effect, this is due to the fact that when they are used, the pathogenic flora becomes less active. Astringents do not cause cell death, and after the completion of their use, all processes in the cells are restored.

I would like to draw attention to the burnet officinalis, it belongs to the champions in terms of the content of biologically active substances. It is used as an anti-inflammatory, astringent and disinfectant. In addition, it inhibits intestinal motility and is therefore used in the treatment of acute enteritis and diarrhea in children. In medicine, both a decoction of burnet and an alcohol extract are used.

Chamomile has a weaker effect, it can be added to tea or just drink a decoction. The benefit of chamomile is that it reduces allergic reactions.

Indications for the use of astringents

Astringents for diarrhea are used in the following cases:

The presence of acute inflammatory diseases in the digestive tract: gastritis, enteritis, colitis. In this case, they are used in the form of infusions, decoctions, extracts. If the disease has an infectious nature, then antibacterial agents are prescribed at the same time.
The presence of peptic ulcer and chronic gastritis. In this case, inorganic astringents, mainly bismuth nitrate, are used to protect the mucosa. Sometimes it is combined with calamus root extract.
In acute poisoning with alkaloids and heavy metals. In this case, astringents are used to bind poisons and prevent their absorption. Apply mainly half-percent aqueous solution of tannin.

Astringents: application

Organic astringents, due to their ability to form a protective film on the surface of the mucosa, are used in inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, especially if they are accompanied by bleeding. Inorganic astringents, in addition to the astringent effect, also have other pharmacological effects, it all depends on the concentration.

Folk astringents

Plants with astringent properties: oak bark, bird cherry and blueberries, calamus rhizomes, cinquefoil and burnet, alder seedlings were widely used in the treatment of digestive disorders. They were used mainly in the form of decoctions prepared both from a separate component and fees.

Astringents for diarrhea

A decoction of dried bird cherry and blueberries will help both children and adults. To prepare it, take 3 parts of bird cherry and 2 parts of blueberries, grind. 1 st. brew a spoonful of the resulting mixture in a glass of boiling water and take 2 tbsp. spoons 3 times a day. You can make jelly from these berries, it also has a good effect.

From the roots of burnet, cinquefoil and alder seedlings, a decoction is prepared in the same way: 2 tbsp. tablespoons of raw materials for half a liter of boiling water, leave for 30 minutes and take 2 tbsp. spoon half an hour before meals.

If other means do not help, then a decoction of oak bark is guaranteed to help. To prepare it, take a pinch of bark per 300 ml. water and simmer for 7 minutes. Take before meals 1 tbsp. spoon.

When using astringents, you need to follow a diet and eat only light food, until the complete disappearance of diarrhea.

Astringents I Astringents

medicines that, when applied topically, cause compaction of tissue colloids or the formation of insoluble compounds in the form of a dense protective film.

Distinguish organic and inorganic V. of page. As organic V. with. some medicinal plants are widely used (oak, St. To the same group V. of page. includes tannin (synonymous with gallotannic acid), obtained from ink nuts. Inorganic V. with. are mainly compounds (usually salts) of certain metals, such as lead (lead acetate), bismuth (basic bismuth nitrate, xeroform, dermatol), aluminum (alum, Burov's liquid), zinc (zinc sulfate), copper (copper sulfate), silver (silver nitrate). In concentrations up to 1%, inorganic V. s. They have an astringent, in higher concentrations - an irritating (1-5%) and cauterizing (5-10%) effect.

V.'s mechanism of action with. It is caused by partial coagulation of proteins in extracellular fluid, mucus, exudate and cell membranes. Metal salts cause these changes by interacting with tissue proteins and forming albuminates. As a result of local action of V. of page. a film is formed on the surface of the tissues that protects the sensitive nerve endings of irritation, which is accompanied by a decrease in the perception of pain. Moreover. V. s. They have a local anti-inflammatory effect, tk. due to the compaction of the surface layer of tissues, local vasoconstriction occurs, they decrease, weaken, exudation and glands decrease. These processes also lead to a violation of the conditions for the existence of microorganisms (for example, in a wound, inflammation). Inorganic V. with. They also have a pronounced direct antimicrobial effect, i.e. exhibit antiseptic properties. Local action of inorganic V. with. depends on a number of factors (for example, on the concentration of drugs, the properties of the anions released during their dissociation, the degree of solubility of the resulting albuminates, etc.).

In medical practice V. of page. are used for various purposes. For rinsing with gingavitis, stomatitis and other inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, larynx, pharynx and pharynx, V. is mainly prescribed. vegetable origin in the form of infusions, decoctions, tinctures (oak bark, St.

In inflammatory diseases of the skin and mucous membranes V. s. used externally in the form of ointments and powders (basic bismuth nitrate, xeroform, dermatol), aqueous solutions (lead acetate), as well as for rinsing, washing, lotions and douches (Burow's liquid, alum, zinc sulfate or copper sulfate). For ulcers, cracks, bedsores, burns, tannin ointments and solutions are mainly used.

In gastroenterological practice V. of page. prescribed inside for diseases accompanied by diarrhea (infusions and decoctions of St. In the complex therapy of hyperacid gastritis, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, bismuth nitrate is mainly used as the main and combined preparations (Vikalin, Vikair tablets, etc.), which include it.

An aqueous solution of tannin is used for gastric lavage in case of acute poisoning with alkaloids and salts of heavy metals, because. tannin forms insoluble compounds with these poisons. The majority of inorganic V. of page. (for example, salts of silver, copper, zinc) are widely used as antiseptics (Antiseptics) .

II Astringents (adstringentia)

drugs that cause, when applied to the skin, mucous membranes or wound surface, the effect of dehydration or partial coagulation of proteins and have a local anti-inflammatory and weak anesthetic effect (tannin, tanalbin, oak bark, basic bismuth nitrate, etc.).

1. Small medical encyclopedia. - M.: Medical Encyclopedia. 1991-96 2. First aid. - M.: Great Russian Encyclopedia. 1994 3. Encyclopedic dictionary of medical terms. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. - 1982-1984.

See what "Astringents" are in other dictionaries:

Astringents- Astringents, Adstringentia. The astringent action is considered as a physicochemical process, which takes place when the so-called binders come into contact with tissue fluids, intercellular substance and cells of the body, thanks to ... ... Big Medical Encyclopedia

Medicinal substances that, upon contact with damaged skin or mucous membranes, form a protective compacted layer on their surface due to interaction with albumins; have an anti-inflammatory effect... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Astringents- (Adstringentia), medicinal substances that form sparingly soluble albuminates with proteins and amino acids on the surface of mucous membranes and wounds, protecting inflamed tissues from exposure to irritants. They also work... ... Veterinary Encyclopedic Dictionary

- (adstringentia) drugs that, when applied to the skin, mucous membranes or wound surface, cause the effect of dehydration or partial coagulation of proteins and have a local anti-inflammatory and weak anesthetic effect ... ... Big Medical Dictionary

Substances that, when exposed to mucous membranes or damaged skin, cause partial coagulation of the proteins of the surface layers of tissues with the formation of protein films that protect underlying tissues from the influence of irritating agents. ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Astringents, medicinal substances that, upon contact with damaged skin or mucous membranes, form a protective compacted layer on their surface due to interaction with albumins (see ALBUMINS); provide... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Means (adstringentia) have the ability to form special chemical compounds, denser and harder, with individual constituent parts of tissues, for example, to precipitate proteins or adhesives, or to take water from tissues. Influenced by this... Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron

Maintenance Tools- (repair) - means of technological equipment and facilities designed to perform maintenance (repair). [GOST 18322 78] Maintenance (repair) means - technological equipment and ... ...

Means of individual and collective protection of workers- - technical means used to prevent or reduce the impact on workers of harmful or hazardous production factors, as well as to protect against pollution. [Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 197 FZ of December 30, 01 ... ... Encyclopedia of terms, definitions and explanations of building materials

Burnt alum is obtained by heating aluminum-potassium alum at a temperature not exceeding 160 ° C until 55% of the original weight remains. The remaining mass is ground into powder and sieved.
White powder; slowly and not completely soluble in water (1:30). When exposed to air, it slowly absorbs water.

Used for powders as an astringent and drying agent (with sweating feet, etc.).

Storage: in well-closed jars.

Rp,: Acidi salicylici 2.0 Aluminis usti Talci aa 50.0 M. D. S. Powder

Alum (Alumen)

Potassium aluminum sulfate. Alum aluminum-potassium.

Synonym: Aluminii et Kalii sulfas.

Colorless transparent crystals or white crystalline powder, weathered in air. Soluble in water (1:10), easily soluble in hot water, insoluble in alcohol. Contain 10.7% aluminum oxide.

The aqueous solution has an acidic reaction and a sweetish-astringent taste.

LIQUID DRILLING (Liquor Burovi)

8% aluminum acetate solution (Liquor aluminii acetatis 8%).

Prepared from alum (46.5 parts), calcium carbonate (14.5 parts), diluted acetic acid (39 parts) and water.

Colorless transparent liquid of acid reaction with a slight smell of acetic acid and a sweetish-astringent taste. It has an astringent and anti-inflammatory effect; in high concentrations, it has moderate antiseptic properties.

LEAD ACETATE (Plumbi acetas)

Synonym: Plumbum aceticum.

Colorless transparent crystals with a slight acetic smell, Soluble in 2.5 parts of cold and 0.5 parts of boiling water.

Applied externally in the form of aqueous solutions (0.25-0.5%) as an astringent for inflammatory diseases of the skin and mucous membranes.

Storage: List B. In well-closed jars.

DERMATOL (Dermatolurn)

Synonyms: Bismuthum subgallicum, Bismuth gallate basic, Bismuthi subgallas.

Amorphous lemon-yellow powder, odorless and tasteless, practically insoluble in water and alcohol. Let's dissolve at heating in mineral acids (with decomposition). Easily soluble in sodium hydroxide solution to form a yellow solution that quickly turns red in air.

Contains 52-56.5% bismuth oxide.

Xeroform (Xeroformium)

Fine amorphous powder of yellow color, with a slight peculiar smell. Practically insoluble in water, alcohol, ether and chloroform. Contains 50-55% bismuth oxide.

Applied externally as an astringent, drying and antiseptic agent in powders, powders, ointments (3-10%).

Storage: in a container, protected from light and moisture.

Xeroform ointment (Unguentum Xeroformii).

BISMUTH NITRATE BASIC (Bismuthi subnitras)

Synonyms: Bismuthum nitricum basicum, Bismuthum subnitricum, Magisterium bismuthi.

White amorphous or fine crystalline powder. Practically insoluble in water and alcohol, freely soluble in hydrochloric acid.

It is used as an astringent and partly an antiseptic for gastrointestinal diseases (gastric and duodenal ulcers, enteritis, colitis).

Potentilla rhizome (Rhizoma Tormentillae)

Harvested in autumn, washed and dried rhizomes of a wild Potentilla plant (dubrovka, wild galangal, uzik), fam. rosaceae (Rosaceae).

Contains a large amount of tannins, as well as resin, gum, pigment and other substances.

Applied as a decoction (1 tablespoon of crushed rhizomes per cup of boiling water) inside (1 tablespoon 3 times a day) for diarrhea, for rinsing - with stomatitis, gingivitis, tonsillitis.

TANNIN. Tanninum.

gallodubic acid.

Release form . Powder (5 g in a paper bag).

Application. Outwardly in the form of rinses 1-2% aqueous or glycerin solutions; for lubrication 5-10% solutions or ointments. For gastric lavage 0.5% solution.

Action

Indications

Contraindications

Side effects

TANALBIN. Tannalbinum.

Association of tannin with albumin.

Release form. Powder.

Application. Inside, 0.3 -1 g 3-4 times a day.

Action

Indications

Contraindications . Diseases of the liver.

Side effects.

TANSAL. Tansalum.

Release form . Tablets.

Compound: tanalbine -0.3 g, phenyl salicylate -0.3 g.

Application. Inside, 1 tablet 3-4 times a day.

Action. Astringent and disinfectant.

Indications. Enteritis, colitis.

Contraindications . Diseases of the liver.

Side effects. Nausea, vomiting, pain in the stomach, diarrhea or constipation.

THEALBIN. Thealbinum.

The product of the interaction of tea leaf tannins with casein.

Release form. Powder.

Application. Inside, 0.3-0.5 g 3-4 times a day.

Action. In the gastrointestinal tract, under the influence of enzymes, tannin is slowly released, which has an astringent, antidiarrheal and weak antimicrobial effect.

Indications. Acute and chronic enteritis, colitis, dyspeptic conditions, diarrhea. In infectious diseases (toxic infections, dysentery) it is prescribed only in combination with specific agents (antibiotics, sulfonamides).

Contraindications . Diseases of the liver.

Side effects. Nausea, vomiting, pain in the stomach, diarrhea or constipation.

TESALBEN. Thesalbenum.

Release form . Tablets.

Compound: thealbine -0.5 g, phenyl salicylate -0.1 g, benzonaphthol -0.1 g.

Application. Inside, 1 tablet 2-3 times a day.

Action. Astringent and disinfectant.

Indications. Enteritis, colitis.

Contraindications . Diseases of the liver.

Side effects. Nausea, vomiting, pain in the stomach, diarrhea or constipation.

OAK BARK BARK. Decoctum corticis Quercus.

Release form . 10% decoction of oak bark. The bark contains 10-20% tannins.

Application. Outwardly for rinsing and lubricating the affected area.

Action. Forms dense albuminates with proteins. When lubricating tissues or mucous membranes with a solution of tannin, a film is formed that protects sensitive nerve fibers from irritation, as a result of which pain disappears. In addition, vasoconstriction and thickening of cell membranes are noted. Tannin inhibits the release of histamine. Gives a precipitate with many alkaloids, salts of heavy metals.

Indications. Stomatitis, gingivitis, rhinitis, nasopharyngitis, laryngitis; burns, ulcers, nipple cracks, bedsores. Poisoning with alkaloids (except for morphine, cocaine, atropine, nicotine, physostigmine, which with tannin give compounds that are soluble in gastric juice).

Contraindications . Common burns, bedsores, liver and kidney diseases.

Side effects . Liver damage, allergic reactions.

St. John's wort tincture. Tinctura Hyperici.

Release form . Liquid in vials of 25 ml.

Application. Outwardly - tincture for lubrication and rinsing (30-40 drops).

Action. Astringent and antimicrobial.

Indications. Gingivitis, stomatitis, pharyngitis.

Contraindications . Common burns, bedsores, liver and kidney diseases.

Side effects . Liver damage, allergic reactions.

EXTRACT OF THE CIRCLE LIQUID. Extractum Bistortae fluidum.

Release form. Liquid.

Application. Outwardly for rinsing and lubricating the affected area.

Contraindications . Common burns, bedsores, liver and kidney diseases.

Side effects . Liver damage, allergic reactions.

LIQUID EXTRACT OF BURNET. Extractum Sangulsorbae fluidum.

Release form . Liquid.

Application. Inside, 30-40 drops 3-4 times a day.

Actions. Burnet preparations have astringent and hemostatic properties.

Indications. Diarrhea, hemoptysis, uterine bleeding.

Contraindications . Common burns, bedsores, liver and kidney diseases.

Side effects . Liver damage, allergic reactions.

ALDER GROWTH. Fructus Alni.

Release form . Infusion (10-20 g of alder fruits per 180-200 ml of water).

Compound: tannins.

Application. Inside, 1 tablespoon 3-4 times a day.

Action. Astringent, anti-inflammatory.

Indications

Contraindications . Common burns, bedsores, liver and kidney diseases.

Side effects . Liver damage, allergic reactions.

SAGE LEAF. Folium salviae.

Release form. In boxes or packs of 20-50 g.

Compound: tannins and essential oil.

Application. Outwardly - for rinsing, 1 tablespoon of leaves is poured over with a glass of boiling water, infused for 20 minutes and filtered after cooling.

Action. Astringent, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory.

Indications. Gingivitis, stomatitis, oral phlegmon, laryngitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis.

Contraindications, side effects. Practically absent.

CHAMOMILE FLOWERS. Flores Chamomillae.

Release form . In boxes or bags of 20-30-50 g.

Compound: azulene, antemysic acid, apigenin, essential oil and other substances.

Application. Externally for rinsing and lotions (brew 1 tablespoon of chamomile flowers in a glass of water, cool and strain); in an enema, 30-50 ml of the above infusion; inside 1 tablespoon 6 times a day and for general baths 30-50 g of flowers.

Action. Azulene has anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties, apigenin has an antispasmodic effect.

Indications. Inside - with intestinal spasms, flatulence, diarrhea, colds; externally - with gingivitis, stomatitis, phlegmon of the oral cavity, hemorrhoids, inflammatory diseases in the area of the external urinary tract, anus; in an enema - with colitis, proctitis, paraproctitis, etc.

Contraindications, side effects . Practically absent.

BLUEBERRY FRUITS. Fructus myrtilli.

Release form. Fruits in boxes or bags of 50 g.

Compound: tannins, vitamins, organic acids.

Application. Inside, 1-2 tablespoons of infusion (2 teaspoons per glass of boiling water) 3-4 times a day.

Action

Indications. Acute and chronic enterocolitis.

Contraindications

Side effects . Not marked.

THE FRUIT OF THE BIRD. Baccae Pruni racemosae.

Release form. Fruits in boxes of 50 g.

Compound: tannins, malic, citric acids and other substances.