An ovarian cyst is a tumor-like formation of a benign nature. It is a cavity on the leg, which is filled with liquid contents. The cyst tends to constantly increase in size due to the accumulation of secretions.

There are ovarian cysts (corpus luteum cysts, follicular, endometrioid and others) and paraovarian (supraovarian epididymis).

They are often asymptomatic and may manifest as pain and discomfort in the lower abdomen, menstrual dysfunction, and various dysuric disorders (if compression of the bladder is observed).

The main complications of cysts are torsion of its legs and rupture of the capsule. They lead to the development of peritonitis and acute abdomen.

Cysts are the most common type of benign formation and can occur in any tissue and organ: kidney, liver, teeth, thyroid, pancreas, female and male genital organs.

Most often, ovarian cysts occur in women of the childbearing period: in thirty percent of cases they are diagnosed in women with a regular menstrual cycle and in fifty percent with an irregular one. During menopause, these formations occur in six percent of women.

Causes of cysts in the ovary

Ovarian cysts can develop for many reasons, the most common of which are:

• inflammatory processes in the ovaries;
• hormonal dysfunction (impaired ovulation and follicle maturation, early menstruation);
• mini-abortions and abortions, surgical termination of pregnancy;
• hypothyroidism (decreased functional activity of the thyroid gland) and other endocrine diseases.

Symptoms and signs that accompany the disease

Most ovarian cysts do not have any pronounced clinical manifestations for a long time, so in most cases they are detected during preventive gynecological examinations.

Under certain conditions (complicated course, increase in size, hormonal secretion) they can manifest themselves with the following symptoms:

Pain

Localized in the lower abdomen. They can occur due to the development of complications: torsion of the leg, rupture of the membrane, suppuration or bleeding of the cyst. Constant aching pain occurs due to pressure on neighboring organs due to a significant increase in the size of the formation.

Asymmetry and abdominal enlargement

Similar symptoms can occur as a result of a significant increase in size of the cyst, or in the presence of ascites (accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity).

Compression of blood vessels and organs

A growing cyst can put pressure on the lower intestines or bladder, causing constipation or difficulty urinating. Compression of the venous vascular bundles can cause varicose veins of the lower extremities.

Menstrual irregularities

A similar symptom is caused by hormonally active cysts, while the discharge is irregular, abundant and prolonged. In addition to all this, acyclic uterine bleeding may occur.

If the tumor secretes male sex hormones, then hyperandrogenization of the body may occur, accompanied by male-type hair growth on the face and body, deepening of the voice, and enlargement of the clitoris.

What types of cysts are divided into?

Depending on the nature of the origin of the formation, as well as its content, the following types are distinguished:

1. corpus luteum cyst;
2. follicular;
3. endometrioid;
4. paraovarian;
5. mucinous;
6. dermoid.

Corpus luteum cyst

A corpus luteum cyst is a functional formation of ovarian tissue that forms in the place of a non-regressed corpus luteum. As a result of circulatory disturbances, fluid of a hemorrhagic or serous nature accumulates in it.

The size of the corpus luteum cyst usually reaches six to eight centimeters. This formation occurs in two to five percent of women of reproductive age after the formation of a two-phase menstrual cycle.

There are corpus luteum cysts that develop outside of pregnancy, as well as during pregnancy. This formation is most often one-sided, single-cavity, has a capsule, which is lined from the inside with granular luteal cells, filled with contents of a reddish-yellow hue. Independent elimination of this cyst occurs during two or three menstrual cycles or in the second trimester of pregnancy.

The main reason for the development of a corpus luteum cyst is hormonal imbalance and impaired lymphatic drainage and blood circulation in the ovarian tissue. Provoking factors can also be considered taking medications intended to stimulate ovulation or prepare for IVF (clomiphene citrate) and medications for emergency contraception.

Frequent oophoritis, salpingo-oophoritis, abortion, stress, and physical strain also influence the development of the pathological condition. The symptoms of a yellow cyst are mild. Often such formations develop within two to three months and then resolve on their own.

Sometimes a cyst can cause a feeling of fullness, heaviness, and slight pain on the developmental side. A progesterone-producing cyst can cause delayed periods or prolonged periods. These formations never become malignant.

Follicular cyst

This cyst develops from a dominant follicle in the absence of ovulation. Its growth is caused by the leakage of blood serum through the walls of blood vessels or the long-term formation of specific granulosa-epithelial cells. Most often, this pathology occurs in women of reproductive age.

A follicular cyst is a single-chamber round formation with thin, smooth walls, full of yellow liquid content. The size of such a pathological cavity can reach eight centimeters in diameter.

A follicular cyst never succumbs to malignancy and in most cases resolves on its own within three menstrual cycles. The main cause of this formation is a variety of metabolic and endocrine disorders, which cause an increase in estrogen levels and the development of an anovulatory menstrual cycle.

Small follicular cysts (up to eight centimeters) usually do not appear clinically. The development of large formations may be accompanied by the appearance of pain in the lower abdomen, which usually appears in the second half of the menstrual cycle and intensifies with any physical activity; a feeling of active distension or heaviness in the groin area; duration, irregularity and abundance of menstruation; the appearance of scanty intermenstrual discharge.

Paraovarian cyst

A paraovarian cyst is a single-chamber cavity formation that is formed from an appendage located directly above the ovary.

It mainly occurs in women of reproductive age. A paraovarian cyst is usually localized in the mesentery of the fallopian tube.

This formation develops from the embryonic remains of the duct of the primary kidney and the epididymis and periovarian (tubules of the primary kidney).

Inside the cyst there is a liquid transparent content, which contains a lot of mucus and little protein.

This formation is inactive and usually grows extremely slowly, so for a long time it has a small size. But with prolonged growth it can reach incredible sizes (weighing up to tens of kilograms). The walls of the cysts are transparent, thin and contain multiple blood vessels.

The average size of such formations is eight to ten centimeters in diameter. Among the causes of the development of paraovarian cysts are a violation of the process of follicle maturation, endocrine disorders and diseases, numerous abortions, hypothyroidism (decreased thyroid function).

Clinically, this cyst does not manifest itself; it does not even affect menstrual function. However, with a significant increase in size, complaints of pain in the lower abdomen and symptoms of compression of the pelvic organs (dysuric disorders and constipation) may appear.

Endometrioid cyst

Endometrioid cysts in most cases tend to form bilaterally. They are often a manifestation of the genital form of endometriosis, in which all the cells of the uterine mucosa are found in the ovaries, fallopian tubes, abdominal cavity, and vagina.

Such lesions are hormonally dependent and functionally active, and therefore cyclically undergo menstrual-like reactions. The proliferation of endometrial tissue in the ovarian cortex leads to the development of endometriotic ovarian cysts filled with dark brown, thick contents.

Often, such formations develop in women of reproductive age against the background of internal endometriosis, and can be combined with endometrial hyperplasia and uterine fibroids.

Endometrioid cysts can occur during surgical procedures that injure the uterine mucosa: obstetric and gynecological operations, medical abortion, diagnostic curettage, dermocoagulation of the cervix.

There is a connection between the appearance of these formations and various endocrine disorders in the body: increased estrogen levels, decreased progesterone levels, dysfunction of the adrenal cortex, thyroid gland.

The severity of an endometrioid cyst is determined by the degree of spread of endometriosis, the presence of concomitant diseases, the psychological state of the patient, and others. The formation of such a formation may not manifest clinically or be accompanied by a decrease in reproductive function (infertility).

It is characterized by pain in the lower abdomen and lower back, aggravated by menstruation and physical activity, heavy periods, prolongation of the menstrual cycle, symptoms of intoxication: nausea, weakness, fever.

Dermoid cyst

A dermoid cyst is understood as an additional formation of ovarian tissue, which consists of a thick-walled capsule, inside of which there is a mucus-like mass with various inclusions (adipose tissue, skin, hair, bones, nervous tissue, teeth).

It occurs in fifteen to twenty percent of women with ovarian cysts and can form at almost any age (menopause, reproductive age, adolescence). Typically the cyst has an oval or round shape, smooth outer walls, and can reach a size of fifteen centimeters.

The exact reasons that lead to the development of this formation have not been established. Various hormonal changes during puberty, as well as menopause and abdominal trauma act as provoking factors.

Dermoid cysts grow slowly and are unilateral (most often right-sided). In one to three percent of cases, this formation degenerates into squamous cell carcinoma.

Clinically, such formations begin to manifest themselves when they reach large sizes (up to fifteen centimeters in diameter). Characterized by the appearance of a feeling of heaviness and fullness, pain in the lower abdomen, dysuric disorders and constipation.

Mucinous cyst

Mucinous cysts are benign formations of epithelial origin.

They are almost always one-sided and have an uneven surface. The cavity of the cyst contains mucin, a mucus-like liquid produced by epithelial cells.

These formations often have several chambers. They are found mainly in women of reproductive age and are small in size.

Mucinous cysts have a tendency to degenerate into malignant tumors, and therefore require immediate identification and removal.

These formations also do not appear clinically, but as their size increases, pain in the lower abdomen, dysuria, constipation, and symptoms of intoxication may appear. Complications of ovarian cysts (malignancy, pedicle torsion, capsule rupture, infertility).

Certain types of ovarian cysts can disappear on their own; some formations require a course of hormonal or anti-inflammatory treatment; in some cases, immediate surgical intervention is required to prevent the development of extremely dangerous complications.

Ovarian cysts pose a potential risk of malignancy; the greatest risk of developing ovarian cancer is from endometrioid and mucinous cysts. Therefore, priority in the treatment of such cysts is given to surgical removal.

Most often, an ovarian cyst is a mobile formation on a stalk. Torsion of its legs may be accompanied by impaired blood supply, necrosis and the appearance of symptoms of peritonitis (inflammation of the peritoneum).

Clinically, this is manifested by the picture of an “acute abdomen”: sharp intense pain in the abdomen, vomiting, increased body temperature up to 39 C, tension in the muscles of the abdominal wall. Torsion of the legs together with the ovary and fallopian tube is possible. In this case, emergency surgery is performed.

The course of some types of cysts (especially endometrioid ones) may be accompanied by rupture of the capsule and spillage of their contents into the peritoneal cavity. Another complication of an ovarian cyst can be its suppuration and infection.

The development of such formations can cause complicated pregnancy or female infertility. Endometrioid cysts quite often cause the development of adhesions in the pelvis.

Methods for diagnosing formations in the ovary

The following methods are used for diagnosis:

• collection of complaints and medical history of the patient;
• bimanual (two-handed) gynecological examination- which allows you to identify pathological formations directly in the ovarian area, their soreness and mobility;
• transabdominal or transvaginal ultrasound diagnostics- which gives an echoscopic picture of the condition of all pelvic organs. Today, ultrasound is the safest and most reliable method for diagnosing ovarian cysts and dynamically monitoring their development;
• puncture of the posterior vaginal fornix- which allows you to detect the presence of blood or effusion in the abdominal cavity (for complicated cysts);
• diagnostic laparoscopy- which also allows you to remove the ovarian cyst, and then conduct a histological examination and finally determine the type of tumor;
• determination of a specific tumor marker in the blood (CA-125)- an increase in the content of which in menopause always indicates malignancy of the ovarian cyst. During the reproductive phase, it increases with endometriosis, inflammation of the appendages, simple ovarian cysts;
• magnetic resonance or computed tomography (MRI or CT)- which provide information about the location, structure, size, contents of the ovarian cyst, as well as its location relative to surrounding organs.

Treatment methods for ovarian cysts

The choice of treatment tactics for ovarian cysts is determined by the nature of the formation, the severity of clinical symptoms, the patient’s age, the need to preserve reproductive function, and the risk of developing a malignant process.

Conservative treatment and expectant management are possible if the course of the ovarian cyst is uncomplicated and functional.

In such cases, single-phase or biphasic oral contraceptives are usually prescribed for two or three menstrual cycles, a course of vitamins B1, B6, A, K, C, E, and homeopathic therapy.

In some cases, therapeutic exercises, diet therapy, balneotherapy, and acupuncture are indicated. Traditional therapy will not help to completely get rid of such formations, but they will complement the main treatment well and help increase its effectiveness. For this, various decoctions and herbal preparations are used.

If conservative therapy does not have a positive effect or the cyst quickly increases in size, then surgical treatment is indicated - removal of the formation within healthy, normally functioning ovarian tissue and its further histological examination.

The laparoscopic method has recently become widespread. If it is reliably known that a malignant tumor has developed in the ovaries, then this method is not used. In such a case, an extended laparotomy is performed with emergency histological examination of tumor cells.

For ovarian cysts, the following operations can be performed:

• cystectomy– complete removal of the cyst while preserving healthy, reproductively promising ovarian tissue. In this case, the capsule of the formation is removed from its bed with hemostasis (stopping bleeding). The ovarian tissue is preserved, and after restoration this organ continues to function normally;
• wedge resection of the ovary– direct excision of the ovarian cyst along with all surrounding tissue;
• oophorectomy(removal of the entire ovary), often with all appendages (adnexectomy);
• ovarian tissue biopsy- it is carried out to take tissue for a special histological examination if malignant tumors are suspected.

Endometrioid, mucinous, and dermoid ovarian cysts can only be removed surgically. Before a planned pregnancy, pathological formations are also removed due to the likelihood of torsion of the leg or an increase in tumor size.

When an ovarian cyst develops at a young age, when it is necessary to preserve reproductive function, organ resection or cystectomy is performed, preserving intact healthy tissue. During menopause, extensive extirpation (removal) of the uterus and appendages is performed to prevent oncological processes.

After surgical removal of an ovarian cyst, a course of restorative therapy is prescribed. To avoid the risk of developing dangerous complications, to preserve reproductive functions, ovarian cysts must be diagnosed and treated in a timely manner.

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Prognosis after treatment

A functional ovarian cyst can form repeatedly throughout life as long as normal menstrual function is maintained. Properly selected and administered hormonal therapy allows you to avoid re-exacerbation.

Ovarian cyst, what to do? The diagnosis has been made, clarified, what now?

Operation? Who can I consult with and find out everything about the disease?

Cyst, what is it, where did it come from?

A cyst is a pathological cavity in the ovarian tissue with accumulation of fluid in it.

Ovarian cyst hurts, what to do in such cases:

Most patients do not feel any abnormalities in their health at all until the cyst is small, then symptoms appear.

• It is often discovered completely by accident during an examination by a gynecologist. It can occur in women, regardless of age, from young to old. Every third of us is sick.
• With the onset of menopause, the incidence of ovarian cysts and their detection in women decreases significantly; statistics say up to 6%.
• Complaints of pain in the lower abdomen, the menstrual cycle is disrupted. Young women have trouble getting pregnant.

The reasons for your ovarian cysts:

• Hormonal imbalances in women's health.
• Congenital formation on the ovaries, tumor.
• Irregular monthly cycles.
• Obesity of a woman.

It comes in different types:

• Functional (appear under the influence of a woman’s hormonal levels).
• Non-functional cyst (cystoma).

Functional cysts:

It has been proven by medicine that they can dissolve on their own or under the influence of prescribed hormonal medications, but they must be monitored:

The most common cysts in the fairer sex are:

• The most common, follicular cyst.
• This is followed by a corpus luteum cyst.

Cysts are not functional:

They cannot dissolve and disappear. The risk group is young women who can give birth. During menopause, such cysts should not be present; if they are found, it is most likely oncology.

Such cysts are removed surgically:

• Dermoid cysts.
• Parabarial.
• Cysto adenomas.
• Endrometriodic - (large cysts).

This is a cyst in which a cavity forms inside the ovary, lined with tissue similar to the endometrium.

The endometrium is the lining of the uterus that sheds when your period begins.

This type of cyst is called chocolate - when they rupture, a dark brown, thick content similar to chocolate flows out.

The incidence of infertility with such cysts reaches 80%. No one knows exactly why they form; they do not create absolutely any discomfort for a woman of any size.

Found during an ultrasound examination, they are not dangerous if they do not occupy the entire ovary.

Their degeneration is extremely rare; only cases of degeneration are known.

The behavior of cysts is observed during three menstrual cycles. If the cyst shrinks, it is functional.

A cyst that has increased in size during this time must be operated on; this is the rule for all existing cysts that have not disappeared within three periods of menstruation:

First, they take a biopsy of the cyst (a little biomaterial from it) and conduct a study to determine what nature it is (benign or malignant).

• • You donate blood for certain tumor markers (SA up to 35 units is normal).
  • A classic abdominal operation is performed through an incision in the lower abdomen. Such operations are a passed stage, an outdated technique in surgery. Very unacceptable in terms of cosmetic scars on the body.
  • Minimally invasive operations, laparoscopic methods. Three small punctures are made on the abdomen (one in the navel and two in the groin area). The incisions are very small, up to 1 cm. When everything is healed, they are not visible at all.
  • It is carried out using a video camera and modern tools. The image on the TV screen is magnified several times.

• • During the operation, the ovary is preserved as much as possible so that the woman can become pregnant in the future. You can plan your pregnancy after two months. During these months you will have to use protection. If you count the average time - 3 - 4 months and you can make plans for your little angel.
  • When a cyst is removed, cauterization (coagulation) is done to stop bleeding.

• This is done in order to preserve the functions of the ovaries as much as possible so that they can reproduce follicles. Recovery occurs very quickly, no cosmetic skin defects are observed.
• Nowadays, technologies have appeared (endoscopic 3D) for performing operations with punctures of 0.5 cm and only one, not three. It is done in the navel area, when it has healed, taking into account its structure, nothing is visible at all.

Ovarian cyst, what to do, consequences of an untreated cyst:

If this disease is not treated at all, what will be the complications?

A growing cyst leads to rupture of the cyst capsule and large blood loss:

• Not common, a woman feels sudden severe pain in the abdomen.
• Internal bleeding develops due to ruptures.
• A state of shock from blood loss may occur.
• Immediate surgery is required.

Torsion of the cyst stalk on the ovary, all this leads to:

• As the blood supply to the cyst is disrupted, necrosis (death) gradually occurs. Developing inflammation and necrosis lead to peritonitis (inflammation of the intestines).
• The temperature rises, the pain becomes very severe.
• Severe vomiting occurs.
• In this case, help is needed immediately due to the rapid development of peritonitis.

Cyst suppuration:

• In this case, sudden, sharp pain is observed.
• Body temperature rises quickly.
• Immediate surgery is needed to save the woman.

In this case, the woman risks losing the ovary completely.

The most dangerous complication is degeneration into cancer.

Women with a cyst are not recommended to become pregnant. After all, you need to bear the fruit, but no one can predict the body’s reaction.

The cyst can begin to grow at any stage of pregnancy; it may rupture or torsion.

Before you want to get yourself a tiny angel, undergo a simple examination - ultrasound (ultrasound examination). It is harmless, but it will show everything that is going on inside you.

First you need to recover, then bear a child.

What not to do if you have an ovarian cyst:

If you already have one, take steps to stop it from growing. What not to do?

Avoid any thermal procedures:

• Avoid taking baths.
• Avoid visiting saunas.
• A big taboo on solariums, sun tanning.
• No applications to the lower abdomen, mud treatment is also prohibited. All this will increase the pain.

No hormonal medications without a doctor's prescription:

• If your doctor prescribes hormones to shrink a follicular cyst, take only them and only as directed. Self-medication will only lead to rapid growth of the cyst, because you need to know its type.

M Is it possible to do physical activity:

• Physical education classes are allowed, except for abdominal exercises (you cannot lift your legs or torso from a lying position).

Why? As you understand, during thermal procedures blood circulation increases, in the ovaries too. As a result, the cyst may begin to grow and you may rupture it.

An annual visit to the gynecologist is mandatory for any woman.

If you pass plus ultrasound it will be absolutely wonderful, you will be in the know,

Protect yourself from pregnancy you don't want, don't have an abortion.

You have little idea what kind of hormonal imbalance you will get after this.

I can only hope that you understand what an ovarian cyst is and what to do.

Get well, come for help, I'm always glad to see you.

Watch the video, treatment of ovarian cysts:

– tumor-like formation of the ovary of a benign nature. It is a pedunculated cavity filled with liquid contents and tends to increase in size due to the accumulation of secretions. There are ovarian cysts (follicular, corpus luteum, endometrioid, etc.) and supraovarian cysts (paraovarian). It is often asymptomatic and may manifest as discomfort and pain in the lower abdomen, menstrual dysfunction, and dysuric disorders (due to compression of the bladder). It is complicated by torsion of the cyst stalk, rupture of the capsule, leading to a picture of acute abdomen and peritonitis.

Forecast

Functional ovarian cysts can form repeatedly throughout life, as long as menstrual function is maintained. Properly selected hormonal therapy helps avoid relapses.

It is also possible for endometriotic ovarian cysts to recur, but this depends on the correct operation and further treatment. Removed ovarian dermoid cysts do not form again. After removal or conservative treatment of an ovarian cyst, pregnancy may occur.

An ovarian cyst is a fairly common benign formation in the ovaries. Women of reproductive age are most often affected by this disease. Less commonly, this disease occurs in women over fifty years of age. How does this disease occur, what are its symptoms, causes and consequences?

Literally, from Greek, an ovarian cyst sounds like a bubble. Indeed, in appearance it is very similar to it: a certain cavity filled with liquid contents of a transparent color (serous ovarian cyst). New growths can be formed as one - a cyst, or several - an ovarian cystoma. The cyst gradually increases in size. This disease can be either congenital or acquired. But basically, most of its varieties arise during life. The contents of the cyst appear either when the excretory duct of the glands is blocked and secretion accumulates, or when fluid is produced by a cavity that did not previously exist.

An ovarian cyst can be: cystic (serous, mucinous and dermoid), functional (follicular, luteal (corpus luteum)), paraovarian, endometrioid.

A functional cyst is formed as a result of disruption of the proper functioning of the ovary. A corpus luteum cyst is a neoplasm located only on one side. A sign of this type of ovarian cyst is thickening of the walls, which contain fluid that has a yellow tint, sometimes mixed with blood. This tumor occurs because the follicle begins to grow after ovulation and becomes excessively filled with yellow fluid, instead of being filled with corpus luteum cells. This type of cyst, like a follicular cyst, which forms as a result of failure to ovulate and continued growth of the follicle, occurs directly in the ovary. Their walls are formed from the stretched membrane of the corpus luteum or follicle. Most often, these types of neoplasms increase in the direction of the abdominal cavity and are small in size.

A paraovarian cyst is formed from an appendage located above the ovary. May have different sizes. This type of cyst consists of a single chamber of clear fluid and is round or oval in shape. The main symptom of such a cyst is thin and transparent walls with blood vessels. As a rule, this type of neoplasm occurs in women between the ages of twenty and forty years. As a rule, the ovary remains untouched.

A sign of an endometrioid ovarian cyst (endometrioma) is the presence of endometrioid-like foci. It is the result of bleeding from foci of endometriosis. As a result, cavities with blood appear in the ovaries.

A mucinous cyst contains mucus in its cavity. This type of cyst is large and has several chambers. It should be noted that mucinous and endometrioid types can eventually degenerate into malignant tumors.

The cavity of the dermoid cyst contains a certain mass with elements of embryonic germ layers, various samples of connective tissue (fat, hair, teeth, skin, bones, etc.).

An ovarian cyst must be removed, since it can develop into a malignant neoplasm, grow to a significant size, can cause infertility, and also often becomes infected.

Symptoms of an ovarian cyst.
Ovarian cysts are in constant development, so symptoms are divided into primary and secondary. At the initial stage of their development, most benign ovarian tumors may not manifest themselves in any way, the menstrual cycle remains normal (not disrupted). In this case, this disease can only be detected during a routine gynecological examination. At this stage, the cyst is characterized by a small size, the accumulation of fluid in the cavity of which occurs very slowly. However, they can be temporary, that is, disappear with subsequent menstruation or within one to two months with the use of hormone therapy. The only clinical manifestation of the cyst at this stage is pain in the lower abdomen in the middle of the menstrual cycle or during menstruation. In rare cases, pain occurs in the groin area or the front of the thigh.

The tumor may have a small stalk, which has the ability to twist during strong physical exertion, which, in turn, causes severe pain in the woman. In addition, the pedicle of the cyst can twist through the intestinal loop, thereby causing intestinal obstruction. This development of a cyst is considered a secondary symptom. In this case, urgent surgical intervention is required. Cyst hemorrhage is also considered a secondary symptom. Acute pain can also be caused by cyst rupture, infection, and bleeding. In some cases, women may experience pain in the lower abdomen due to compression of neighboring organs caused by the large size of the tumor. In this case, disorders of the gastrointestinal tract or urinary system may occur, and if the pressure of the tumor falls on the vessels of the lower extremities, varicose veins may occur. In addition, symptoms of a cyst may include fever and vomiting.

Ovarian neoplasm entails disruption of the menstrual cycle due to its production of female hormones, as a result of which menstruation is irregular, becomes abundant or scanty, and menstruation becomes painful. If the tumor produces male hormones, a woman's voice may deepen, male-pattern hair growth may increase, and the clitoris may become enlarged.

When the tumor reaches a large size or excessive accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, the abdomen enlarges.

An neglected ovarian cyst can increase in size so much that it will disrupt the functioning of other vital organs. It can come off and end up in the abdominal cavity, which will lead to such a serious complication as peritonitis. When the first signs or suspicions of an ovarian cyst appear, you must undergo an examination by the gynecologist treating you, who will prescribe the optimal treatment for you.

Causes of ovarian cysts.
Improper functioning of the ovaries is one of the most common causes of ovarian cysts. During the process of ovulation, the graph's vesicle ruptures and the egg and fluid contained in it are released into the abdominal cavity. If this bubble does not rupture, its walls stretch and fluid accumulates in it, resulting in the formation of a single cyst. Multiple cysts are formed as a result of an advanced inflammatory process. The cyst can have a diameter from 1.5-2 cm to 7 cm, however, this is not the limit.

The modern style of clothing, which our youth loves very much, is not particularly suitable for the weather conditions of our country. Short skirts, low-waisted jeans, and, in general, light clothing on a cold frosty day, combined with a weakened immune system, will quickly make themselves felt in the form of inflammation. For example, impaired renal function, combined with or without inflammation, leads to congestion in the pelvis, which can result in the development of a cyst due to impaired blood supply and nutrition to the genital area. In addition, a cyst can develop from the corpus luteum, the tissue covering the ovary (epithelium).

Hormonal imbalance also provokes the development of this disease. As a rule, such a cyst is treated with hormonal drugs selected individually for each patient.

Disruption of the endocrine system, menstruation at an early age, previous abortions, lack of hormones produced by the thyroid gland, inflammatory diseases and sexually transmitted infections - all this can also cause ovarian cysts.

A common cause of cysts is endometriosis, which is the growth of the endometrium outside the uterus. With such a diagnosis, treatment should be aimed at eliminating the source of the disease and the disease itself.

Complications of ovarian cysts.
When an ovarian cyst is diagnosed, a woman must undergo the necessary examination and course of treatment (for functional cysts), or have it surgically removed. An ovarian cyst, if left untreated, can lead to a number of serious complications that require surgical intervention. Among them, cancer poses a danger, in particular if the tumor is located in the ovary. Therefore, doctors must be extremely careful and attentive when diagnosing an ovarian cyst. It should be noted that thanks to modern methods of transvaginal ultrasound and laparoscopy, this disease is detected even in the early stages, which helps doctors prevent negative consequences in time by prescribing optimal treatment.

Twisting of the cyst stalk is a dangerous complication of an ovarian cyst. In this case, the patient experiences symptoms of the so-called “acute abdomen”. The blood circulation of the cyst is disrupted, its necrosis and inflammation of the peritoneum or peritonitis develop. This complication manifests itself in the form of acute pain in the lower abdomen, nausea, vomiting, and a significant increase in body temperature. In this case, it is necessary either to remove the entire ovary, or in combination with the tubes.

Twisting of the cyst stalk through the intestinal loop can cause intestinal obstruction. Another complication of a cyst may be its suppuration, rupture, accompanied by bleeding. Typically, endometriotic types of ovarian cysts rupture. In all cases of complications, surgery is necessary.

An advanced cyst or polycystic disease can lead to infertility.

A timely operation to remove a tumor does not injure the follicular apparatus of the ovary as much and does not entail consequences as after an urgent intervention. Therefore, you should not believe doctors who say that small cysts can be left alone and simply observed. This can lead to dire consequences. Most women, afraid of surgery, themselves bring their condition to a critical point, when only surgery to remove the ovaries and some other organs of the woman’s genital area can help.

Diagnosis of ovarian cyst.
When diagnosing an ovarian cyst, the following methods are used:

• determination of tumor markers-antigens (antigen-125);
• gynecological examination, during which the doctor can easily identify enlarged appendages;
• a general blood and urine test to determine the presence of blood loss and inflammation;
• computed tomography gives a clearer picture of the tumor;
• Laparoscopy, in addition to diagnostics, makes it possible to perform surgery; it is used if a cyst rupture or torsion of the cyst stalk is suspected;
• pregnancy test for exclusion purposes

Irregular painful periods, pain in the lower abdomen - These are all the first symptoms of an ovarian cyst. However, very often this disease is asymptomatic.

Ovarian cyst It is a small hollow formation filled with liquid inside. As a rule, cysts develop from a follicle maturing in the ovary. It is worth noting that most cysts are not dangerous to a woman’s health and often go away on their own without any treatment; such cysts are called functional or temporary.

Such cysts usually appear as a result of ovulation disorders. In this case, the follicle continues to grow, and fluid begins to accumulate in the corpus luteum. Functional cysts go away on their own and do not require treatment. However, complications cannot be ruled out, such as cyst rupture, torsion, and, as a result, internal bleeding.

More serious pathologies requiring treatment are abnormal cysts. The main reason for the appearance of these cysts is a hormonal imbalance in a woman’s body. Abnormal cysts are those that do not go away within 3 months. Treatment of such cysts can be either medicinal or surgical.

What is an ovarian cyst?

Ovarian cyst- this is a benign formation of the ovary, which refers to a tumor-like process and occurs as a result of the accumulation of secretions in the ovarian tissue.

It is a cavity filled with liquid. The wall of an ovarian cyst is formed by a thin layer of cells that produce this fluid. If the cyst does not put pressure on other organs, then it is not touched and treated with medication, but if there is a danger of the cyst affecting neighboring organs, then a puncture is performed or surgical removal is prescribed.

An ovarian cyst can be small or can reach enormous sizes, growing in diameter up to 10-12 cm.

Types of ovarian cysts:

Dermoind cyst inside it often contains various appendages: hair, cartilage, fat cells, tissues of bones and teeth, etc., enclosed in a mucus-like mass and covered with a dense thick-walled capsule. In diameter dermoid cyst can reach 15 cm.

Symptoms of an ovarian cyst

The first symptoms indicating the presence of a cyst in the ovary are a dull pain in the lower abdomen, as well as pressure from the inside, a feeling of fullness. Irregular, painful periods that occur later than usual are the most common symptoms of ovarian cyst. An increase in size or bloating in the abdomen may also indicate the presence of a cyst in the ovaries.

The following clinical manifestations of ovarian cysts are also possible:

• intense, sudden pain in the lower abdomen during sexual intercourse or as a result of physical exertion
• frequent urination
• in some cases - weight gain
• nausea, vomiting
• increase in body temperature to 38-39C
• anterior abdominal wall tension
• rapid heartbeat (tachycardia)

As statistics show, ovarian cysts are diagnosed in 30% of women with a regular and 50% with an irregular menstrual cycle. Typically, the incidence of ovarian cysts after menopause decreases to 6%.

However, an ovarian cyst can develop asymptomatically. Therefore, it is impossible to identify it on your own, so most often, cysts are discovered by chance during ultrasound diagnostics. In this regard, it is extremely important to regularly visit a gynecologist and do an ultrasound of the pelvis.

Diagnostics

To diagnose and identify ovarian cysts at the RAMI clinic, the following methods are used:

• Gynecological examination, during which the gynecologist determines pain in the lower abdomen or diagnoses enlarged appendages.
• Ultrasound diagnostics is the most informative method for identifying ovarian cysts, especially when a transvaginal sensor is used in the study.
• Puncture of the posterior vaginal fornix. A puncture can determine the presence of blood or fluid in the abdominal cavity. Most often, this method is used for complicated cysts.
• Laparoscopy of ovarian cyst The operation is performed under general anesthesia without incisions. It is prescribed for suspected cyst rupture or cyst pedicle torsion. This method allows the doctor not only to diagnose, but also, if necessary, to immediately perform surgical treatment.
• Computed tomography can also help distinguish a cyst from other ovarian neoplasms.
• General blood and urine analysis prescribed to detect blood loss and inflammation.
• Determination of tumor markers-antigens (antigen-125).
• Pregnancy test carried out to exclude ectopic pregnancy

Treatment of a cyst depends on the complexity of the disease and its form and can be conservative (medicinal) or surgical.

Conservative treatment of cysts

For the treatment of uncomplicated cysts, monophasic and 2-phase oral contraceptives are most often used. In addition, the patient with an ovarian cyst is prescribed vitamins A, E, B1, B6, K and ascorbic acid. For increased body weight, diet therapy, physical therapy and balneotherapy are recommended. If conservative (drug) treatment of an ovarian cyst is ineffective, then surgical intervention is necessary.

Surgical treatment of ovarian cysts

indicated for dermoid, endometrioid, mucinous ovarian cysts. Such operations are performed both conventionally with a full incision and endoscopically (laparoscopy).

If you have a cyst on the ovary or you find signs of its occurrence, then do not delay contacting our clinic. The most experienced gynecologists at the RAMI clinic will help you - they will conduct a complete diagnosis to make a diagnosis and prescribe effective treatment. Don’t delay treatment for ovarian cysts; make an appointment with a gynecologist right now!