- Have fun with benefits
- Educate yourself
Logic is not an innate quality of the human personality - we learn it throughout life. This tool for understanding the world is more alien than close to us, so people diligently evade logical conclusions, trying to think in a way that is more profitable and convenient for them. Moreover, without it, humanity would not be able to survive, because the basis for creating most of the laws of life is still logic. Paradox? Yes, there are many of them in this multifaceted science.
Today we will talk about logic as a science and as a system of thinking, about why it is needed and how to develop the ability to think logically, about the facets of good and evil hidden in the intricate labyrinths of conclusions.
How did logic originate? The root of logical laws is empirical, that is, experimental knowledge of the world: a person created or witnessed an event, and then saw its consequences. After several repeated cause-and-effect situations, he memorized them and made a definite conclusion. Thus, it turns out that the laws of logic, like other sciences, were derived through experiment.
There are logical axioms that each of us must know. Deviation from following them is considered a sign mental disorders. But at the same time, there are many laws of logic that can be twisted the way a person wants - and the whole point is that in this science, like in any other, there are errors and exceptions.
To begin with, let us consider what bases capricious science applies to human life. So, the logical axioms that are the basis of our worldview:
1. Vector direction of time from the past to the future, its linearity and irreversibility. From early childhood, a person studies the concepts of “yesterday”, “today”, “tomorrow”, begins to understand what the past, present and future are, and accepts the reality of what happened as something that cannot be changed.
2. Cause-and-effect relationships and their one-way direction.
3. Logic includes the concepts of lesser and greater, as well as the ability to fit one into the other (and not only in the literal, but also in the abstract sense); contiguity and interchangeability of concepts and vice versa, their incompatibility and impossibility of coexistence in the same time period.
For example, a woman cannot be pregnant and conceive a second child at the same time, a person cannot be dead and alive at the same time, a sick person cannot feel healthy, and water does not freeze at above-zero temperatures.
4. Induction and deduction. The inductive method of inference leads from the particular to the general and is based on similar characteristics of various objects. The deductive method, on the contrary, leads from the general to the particular and is based on the logical law.
Deduction: When it rains, the grass gets wet.
Induction: The grass outside is wet, the asphalt is also wet, the house and its roof are wet - therefore, it is raining.
In the method of deduction, the truthfulness of the premises is always the key to the truthfulness of the conclusion, but if the result does not correspond to the premises, then there is a dividing factor between them.
It's raining, but the grass is dry. The grass is under the canopy.
Simply put, the deduction method gives a 100% true answer. But in the induction method, an inference based on correct premises has 90% truth, it has an error. Let's remember the example about rain - if the grass, asphalt and house are wet, we can say with 90% confidence that it has rained. But it could be dew, or a broken watering machine that splashed water all around.
Induction refers to the generalization of the results of repeated events. For example, if you throw a ball up, it will fall down. If you do this a second time, it will fall again. After the third fall, you will come to the conclusion that all objects thrown up fall down - and this is the basis of the law of attraction. But don't forget that we are now in the field of logic, and inductive reasoning has a margin of error. Who knows, maybe you throw the ball up a hundred times and it will fall, and the hundred and first time it will get stuck on a tree or end up on a cabinet? What if you are in zero gravity? Of course he won't fall down.
Therefore, deduction is a more accurate method, and induction allows only guessing with a high degree of probability.
5. Sequence of actions. If we perform a series of actions in a certain order, we will get the expected result. But if you violate this order, the result may turn out to be completely different or may not exist at all. At the same time, there are many situations when the result does not depend on the order in which we perform the necessary actions. In a word, this is called an algorithm.
Logic has a strong connection with other sciences. The above rules are based on the laws of mathematics, physics, biology, chemistry, but it is the understanding of relationships that is the main pillar of logical thinking.
Everything that is around us has two sides - positive and negative. There is not a single phenomenon that has only one side. The same applies to logic - despite all the apparent benefits of it, you should not get too carried away with this science: if used incorrectly, it can cause a lot of harm.
Logic can be a tool of evil
Why does no one love or approve of a person who lives exclusively by logic?
Cold calculation and logic leave no room for mercy, love and self-sacrifice, on which our world still rests. Logical conclusions allow you to see several steps ahead, but, as they say, the ways of God are inscrutable - somewhere an error can creep in, and a clear logical system will crumble like a house of cards. Thus, logic and medicine are defeated by cancer patients who managed to be cured in an incomprehensible way, or women who gave birth to healthy children, despite doctors’ prohibitions.
What would a world based solely on logic look like? Most likely, it would be prosperous and cruel - there would be no weak and sick, poor and unemployed; all people who were not useful would simply be destroyed. But that’s why we are who we are: when emotions and feelings enter the battlefield, logic fails. Because of this, there is a lot of trouble in the world, but there is also a lot of good - people help each other, forgive the shortcomings of their loved ones and save those who, it would seem, cannot be saved.
Logical conclusions can sometimes run counter to ethics, morality, and even the criminal code. It’s not for nothing that maniacs and murderers think that they act quite logically.
People are extremely illogical creatures
How do we manage to make incorrect logical conclusions? How do two people with the same premises come to different conclusions?
As already mentioned, logic is a science, and like any science it is not perfect, therefore it is inferior to real life in truth. There is an exception to every rule, and in such cases logic is powerless. In addition, our psyche has a tendency to dodge and be cunning if the conclusion is not in its favor.
For example: The guy behaves aloof, doesn’t call, doesn’t pay attention to me at all. He probably doesn't care about me.
This is what a girl would say, relying solely on logical thinking, and everything would be simple - she will try to forget about her cold prince, and he will never know that he was the object of her sighs. But that was not the case! Emotions and the 10% error of the inductive method come into play.
Alienation, indifference and lack of attention in 90% of cases indicate disinterest in the relationship. But is it possible that he is too shy or proud, or maybe he has gotten it into his head that sympathy needs to be demonstrated in this way? Do people have enough “cockroaches in their heads”?
In such cases, logic becomes a tool of emotions, and many stupid actions are committed under the banner of erroneous conclusions. To prevent this from happening, you need to distinguish the fine line between true logical conclusions and false ones. This is why logical thinking develops.
To a certain extent, each of us has developed it - this is required by society and its way of life. But for a better understanding of the laws of reality and the ability to operate with them, it is necessary to have the ability to think logically at a higher level than ordinary earthlings.
Well-developed logical thinking helps you achieve greater success in your work and make fewer mistakes in everyday situations.
How to learn this? The brain, like muscles, needs to be constantly trained. There is a false myth that all people are born with mental abilities pre-programmed into them and will not be able to become smarter or dumber than given by nature. This is not true - by regularly training thinking and memory, a person constantly improves his performance, he can develop until the end of his days. That's why regular mental exercise And development of intellectual abilities- one of the most important assistants on the path to self-improvement.
Have fun with benefits
1. Start with logic puzzles for children and adults - puzzles, “find 10 differences” exercises, attention riddles and search for logical errors. They can be easily found on the Internet.
For example, solve a couple of puzzles:
“How is it that someone I know shaves his beard ten times a day, but still remains bearded?”
“Your friends use it more often than you, even though it’s yours. What is this?"
2. Play attention and logic games with friends. So what if you are thirty and you are managers and entrepreneurs? Believe me, it’s much more pleasant on a Friday night not to mindlessly cruise around bars, but to play crocodile or association in someone’s kitchen. There are a lot of such games on the Internet, you just need to search - and then your holidays and weekends will be filled with new meaning.
3. Take IQ tests. It’s difficult to say how truthful Internet tests of this genre are, but you’ll have to rack your brains thoroughly. In addition to IQ testing, there are many other tests for thinking and logic. If you have nothing to do, put aside solitaire and strain your brains.
4. Develop logical thinking and The Vikium project will help you become smarter.
Educate yourself
1. Take up the study of some science that is close to you, but one that you have never gotten around to before. It could be chemistry, physics or history - by studying them, you simultaneously develop the ability to think logically. Why did Napoleon attack Russia? Why did the Roman Empire collapse? Why does this particular chemical reaction occur when two chemical components are combined and not another? By answering these questions, you learn to connect events with logical chains - this is what you need.
2. Study deduction and induction, as well as their formulas. When a situation happening to you seems confusing, turn it into a problem and solve it.
3. Learn to argue reasonedly. Next time you feel like shouting, “Because I said so!” or “Oh, that’s it!” - try instead to convey your position to your opponent without unnecessary emotions using arguments. The method of leading the interlocutor to the necessary conclusion using indirect questions with the answers to which he agrees is especially good.
You know that a woman is a mirror of her husband’s success?
- Well, yes.
- That is, a successful man must have a gorgeous wife.
- Agree.
- Can a chic wife wear an old down jacket?
- I understand where you’re going... Okay, we’ll buy you a fur coat.
4. Read good detective stories. They help train the brain with their intricate plot and entertain at the same time. The best representatives of this genre can be called Agatha Christie, Arthur Conan Doyle and Boris Akunin.
5. Play chess. This is where there is scope for the development of logical abilities. By trying to calculate all possible moves of the enemy, a person develops the ability to see cause-and-effect relationships. Don't like chess? Play backgammon or preference.
And one last thing. Learn to trust your intuition. Strange, right? But in reality intuition is the result of subconscious inferences, when a person, without realizing it, draws conclusions from the information provided by the surrounding world. It usually goes something like this: “Whenever I feel like this, it ends badly.” If you dig deeper, this is just the memory of past experiences when situations were framed in a similar way. The trembling voice of the interlocutor, his shifting eyes and attempts to distract the opponent’s attention from the main idea of the conversation - we have long forgotten how the scammer behaved before deceiving, but the subconscious mind remembers everything perfectly.
***
The ability to think logically, analyze information and make correct conclusions is an integral part of the work of any successful person - his well-being literally depends on this. Therefore, by developing the mind, we make a direct investment in our future, filled with achievements. But don't forget that logic can be insidious - be prudent and merciful.
P.S.: Have you solved the puzzles given in the article? Here are the correct answers. The bearded acquaintance is a barber who shaves other people every day. And our property, which friends use more often than we do, is our name, because we ourselves rarely pronounce it.
If you find an error, please highlight a piece of text and click Ctrl+Enter.
Logic itself is not a human skill given from birth; it is learned throughout life, receiving valuable lessons. Such a tool for understanding the world is not close to emotional human nature, so people prefer to think and do as they are more accustomed to. However, this science underlies most of the laws of the Universe. The ability to think and reason consistently and consistently is useful in solving many problems. Be it building business projects, persuading opponents, or shopping in a store. And the question immediately arises: “How to develop logical thinking and live as efficiently as possible?” We will consider the answer to this in the article below.
People often make mistakes that defy logic. They think that it is enough to be guided by common sense and experience gained, ignoring the laws and special techniques of formal logic. However, this may be sufficient only when making elementary judgments and solving simple problems; when carrying out large-scale operations, certain knowledge will be required that will not allow you to make erroneous actions.
What is logic
In order to understand what it is, it is necessary to explain this phenomenon more broadly, dividing it into components.
By thinking we mean the processing of received information by the human psyche, and the establishment of cause-and-effect relationships between objects, events and phenomena of the surrounding world.
Logic is the science of the forms, methods and laws of intellectual mental activity. Its peculiarity is that knowledge is obtained not from sensory experience, but in the process of analyzing previously obtained data, inferential knowledge.
Thus, logical thinking is a thought process that forces a person to use logical constructs and concepts based on evidence, prudence and flexibility of thinking. The main goal is to obtain the most reasonable conclusion from the available data.
Logical laws are based on empirical knowledge of the world through experience. That is, a person draws a conclusion based on the creation or participation in a certain situation and subsequent awareness of its specific consequences.
Workout
The development of creative thinking and logic is only possible if the mind is accustomed to working in different directions. The development of logical thinking needs to be trained, here are some practical tips:
- Studying Natural Sciences
Take up the study of science close to your spirit, which you have been putting off.
Physics, chemistry or history, other exact sciences perfectly stimulate flexibility of thinking. They teach how to build cause-and-effect chains.
- Use reasoned argument
Instead of the standard desire to answer “because I’m in charge” or “it’s necessary,” try to convey your point of view to your opponent without emotion, constructively. Use logical as well as creative thinking, there can be a huge variety of dialogue options, get rid of the usual phrases and reactions.
Particularly interesting is the way of leading the interlocutor to the necessary conclusion through indirect statements with which he initially agrees.
- Play chess, backgammon, checkers and card games
This is an amazing opportunity to develop logical thinking. After all, there is training in cause-and-effect relationships, calculating the opponent’s moves in advance. One is trained to learn lessons even from defeats. Thus, a person gradually removes negative thinking from his life.
- Find other ways to use items
This exercise promotes excellent development of creative thinking in adults. Choose one item, be it a box of matches or a stool. And find all possible ways to use the item for other purposes than its intended purpose. You can count matches, lay out drawings, and use a stool as a stand for a Christmas tree. Get creative.
- Association game
Use opposite meanings to emerging associations for specific words. Let's say hard wool, soft glass, hot ice. This helps our brain tune in to a different mindset and remove negative thinking.
- Read books from the end
In addition to the understandable difficulties in completing this task, there are also nuances. Our brain is accustomed to the fact that resolution can only come when specific actions are taken. But both in life and in books, this is not always true. Sometimes the most unexpected events lead to results that were not intended. A gradual transition from the denouement to the preface will help debunk your guesses and learn an abstract vision of the situation, and also develop mobility and flexibility of thinking.
- Expand your vocabulary
When you hear an unfamiliar word, look up its meaning in the dictionary. And also: what is the history of origin, original meaning and use now. This will help you look at the world in a more multifaceted way.
- Words backwards
When in transport or on the street, read signs backwards. It will be very difficult. At first, you will only get short words, and then you will master the ability to read entire phrases! This is a great brain workout that shows there are alternatives. And, once in a problematic situation, it will be easier to see other options.
- Invent something that doesn't exist
The exercise is to come up with an animal or object, a name that does not exist in nature. Leopard or birdfox, for example. And imagine or depict all this in detail. The point is that it is very difficult to invent something that does not exist. The brain still tries to reduce everything to familiar forms, especially in adults.
Sometimes negative thinking takes over, and it becomes difficult to complete a task that seems absurd. The ability to abstract from familiar forms and concepts, concentrate on still little-studied facts, and create fundamentally new things will be useful in any profession.
- Solve anagrams
You need to make a word from the mixed letters. Develops the ability to quickly find hidden meaning and see meanings that are incomprehensible at first glance.
- Use your other hand
If you are right-handed - left, if vice versa - right. Change your hand while performing everyday activities. This stimulates both hemispheres, improving concentration, activating new neural connections, thus stimulating logical and creative thinking.
Who needs to develop logic
Logical thinking is necessary for any person, regardless of his goals. After all, with flexible thinking, each of us can:
- find the optimally beneficial solution to a problem situation;
- always be several steps ahead of enemies or competitors, calculating their possible actions;
- choose the right way to achieve your goal;
- express your thoughts in a form understandable to everyone;
- It’s quite easy to find arguments to sway opponents in your direction;
- avoid making professional and life mistakes;
- deal with sophistry and demagoguery;
- be able to quickly formulate an answer to the question posed, avoiding blurting out the first thought that comes to mind, which can cause great harm later;
- clearly see manipulations on the part of other people, do not become a victim of their deception;
- be aware of mistakes made by other people or yourself, and quickly and easily eliminate them.
Why do you need to develop logic?
How to develop thinking? Every person has it to one degree or another. But for a better understanding of reality and the ability to operate with it, logical thinking, developed at a fairly high level, is necessary. This can only be learned through training.
Creative thinking can be developed and negative thinking can be eliminated. The brain is trained no less than the muscles, perhaps more. By constantly training thinking and memory, a person can develop throughout his life, methodically improving his performance. The development of intellectual abilities is a guarantee of effective self-improvement.
Thanks to the ability to think logically, a person acquires the ability to think creatively, because a completely different understanding of reality opens up, which gives many advantages.
It is commonly believed that creative thinking is opposed to logic and reason, but this is a false statement. Creative perception of reality is fundamental to creativity. This does not at all mean the need for negative thinking, which is characterized by focusing exclusively on the bad. On the contrary, it allows you to train your brain, clear it of stereotypes and interfering attitudes, and look at everything from the outside. This is how perfect horizons open up. As a result, the ability to solve problems in a non-standard way, to find previously impossible ways.
It is customary to divide people into logicians and emotionalists. How true is this statement? What determines the tendency towards one type of thinking or another? Is it possible to change it? How to develop logic? Why is this even necessary? What is the role of logic in human life? How long can logic take to develop? What age is best to start? How to develop logic at home? What is needed for this? What techniques help in the development of logic? Let's look at these questions in order.
What is logic.
Logic is a feature of thinking based on cause-and-effect analysis and rational knowledge of the world. Unlike emotions, logical thinking relies only on arguments and reasons. It is also called analytical thinking. The left hemisphere of the brain is responsible for the development of this skill. In contrast, the right hemisphere promotes creativity and emotionality.
Is it possible to develop logical thinking?
Accordingly, people with an analytical mindset have a better developed left hemisphere, while emotional people have a better developed right hemisphere. But the brain, like any other organ, can be developed and trained. For example, if someone’s right arm is more pumped up, this does not mean that it will be like that for the rest of their lives. He can pay more attention to training his left hand and gradually level out their capabilities. The development of logic is carried out in a similar way. Once you start training it, your analytical thinking will strengthen over time.
Development of the brain hemispheres, although determined genetically, can still be adjusted during life. Of course, this is much easier to do in childhood, but adults, by showing self-control, can change the type of their thinking. It will just take them a lot longer.
An elementary example of adjusting brain activity is retraining left-handed people. The fact is that one of the external manifestations of the activity of the brain hemispheres is the “working” hand. The left hemisphere of the brain is responsible for the right side of the body, and the right hemisphere is responsible for the opposite. It is believed that right-handers are more prone to analytical thinking, and left-handers to creative thinking. Some thinkers even see a total suppression of creativity in the practice of retraining left-handers. These are rather speculative views, but the essence remains the same - with the help of practice you can influence the activity of one or another hemisphere of the brain.
How to develop logic at home?
There are many training centers offering to take on the development of logic of a child or an adult. But visiting them is not always possible, due to lack of time, transport links or the cost of training. Therefore, a reasonable question arises: how to develop logic at home without the help of mentors and coaches? Fortunately, a large number of techniques have been invented. The main thing is that they are not only useful, but also interesting, otherwise the development of logic will quickly turn into a routine. So, the simplest and most exciting techniques:
- Logic games;
- Puzzles;
- Mobile applications.
Having decided to develop logic, it is advisable to pay attention to this every day. In this case, the results will appear much faster. And even having achieved a satisfactory level of logic development, you should not give up training, because without practice this skill will gradually weaken.
Logic games
Humanity has invented a whole set of games that improve analytical thinking. Accordingly, people have always thought about the question of how to develop logic. We all know checkers and chess well, which put opponents on an equal footing. Victory in a game is achieved purely by the ability to think logically, calculating moves in advance. Unlike cards or backgammon, there is no random factor associated with the combination of cards or numbers on the dice. The success of a campaign depends solely on the ability to analyze and think strategically.
It is no less interesting to play “Renju” - a complicated version of tic-tac-toe, which originated in Ancient China, but found a “second wind” in Japan. Also, its variations such as “Gomoku” and “Checkers of Go” deserve attention. By the way, the last option turned out to be the most difficult for artificial intelligence. A computer was able to beat a human at Checkers Go only in 2015. By comparison, AI has been winning chess since the late 1990s.
Although checkers, chess or Renju require a partner, this condition is no longer so necessary due to the availability of computer versions of these games that allow you to play independently.
Puzzles
Unlike ordinary tasks, puzzles do not require special knowledge, namely the ability to think logically and analyze. Among all their diversity, the most famous are:
- Mechanical puzzles - for example Rubik's Cube, Rubik's Snake, Fifteen;
- Puzzles with objects - primarily with matches or coins;
- Printed puzzles - rebuses, charades, Japanese crosswords, sudoku, kakuro, etc.
Since inventions of Rubik and tag, which help in the development of logic, have been known since childhood; there is no point in going into too much detail about them. Coin or match puzzles are available in abundance on the Internet, as are most other games.
Printed puzzles are often published in tabloid publications. You can find the following types of puzzles:
- Rebuses– words are encrypted in the form of pictures and individual letters or numbers;
- Charades– words are divided into separate syllables, which are independent words;
- Japanese crosswords– unlike a regular crossword, they contain not words, but images;
- Sudoku– number puzzles in which you need to determine the location of the numbers;
- Kakuro- another type of number puzzle in which the player relies on known sums of numbers.
If you devote several weeks to familiarizing yourself with these puzzles, then the question is, “how to develop logic?” will not arise again.
Mobile applications
Smartphones have long been part of human life. Instead of wasting your time on thousands of meaningless games, it is better to install several applications that help in the development of intelligence and logic. Many offer training programs, with daily training sessions and exams to track your progress. This function is especially interesting because neither chess, nor puzzles, nor any other conventional ways to develop logic provide it. Since your phone is always at hand, it will not be difficult to complete the daily series of tasks at any time convenient for this.
Each of the listed techniques gives its own hint on how to develop logic. It's best to combine them among themselves, without giving their minds the slightest chance to adapt. It's like being in a gym. The more similar the exercises are, the faster the muscles get used to them and stop developing. Also with the development of logic - only in the case of a variety of tasks, its level will improve.
The development of logic is what every person needs, from small children to fully grown adults.
Logic helps us, based on a correctly constructed analysis of a chain of sequences or other circumstances, events and arguments, to draw the right conclusions and make the right decisions based on them. This property of a person helps him in any situation to find the optimal way out of them, or to predict and prevent all sorts of troubles.
Moreover, logic is an indispensable attribute of making competent management decisions, scientific discoveries and many other success stories in a wide variety of industries. That is why the development of logic is a priority for every person. But to improve logical thinking, it is necessary to systematically, with the help of various tools and methods developed by specialists.
Let's look at them in more detail:
Logic exercises.
A variety of exercises and logic problems develop concentration and attention, perception, thinking, non-verbal and verbal intelligence, as well as observation.
"Concepts in Order". Exercise for developing logic.
The point of the exercise is that you need to arrange concepts in a certain order: from particular meanings to the most general.
In such a chain, there must be a gender to species ratio (each subsequent word before the previous one.
For example:
"Temple, Parthenon, Building, Ancient Greek Temple, Parthenon, Construction for Ritual."
You need to write it like this:
"Parthenon - Ancient Greek Temple - Temple - Structure for Ritual - Building."
A few more examples to follow:
"Gas, Liquid Oxygen, State of Matter, Oxygen."
"Pine, Plant, Tree, Tree Species."
"Fairy tale" turnip ", genre, folk art, fairy tale."
This exercise teaches you to build a well-founded logical chain and associative series, and develops your thinking capabilities.
Exercise "Logicity".
For the examination, they present a form with tasks that consist of two interrelated categorical judgments and an inference - a conclusion (syllogism). They are given in different ways, sometimes correctly, and in some cases - false. It is necessary to determine the correctness of the conclusions and cross out the incorrect logical justifications - conclusions.
For example:
"All 5b students are excellent students. Vasya Petrov is an excellent student. Therefore, he is a 5b student." (Is the conclusion correct).
Other options:
"All of Shakespeare's works cannot be read in one night. Hamlet is the work of Shakespeare. Therefore, it cannot be read in one night."
"All metals are electrically conductive. Gold is a metal. Therefore, it is electrically conductive."
Computer games for developing logical thinking.
Logic games played on a PC are very convenient and easy to use. They are created in order to use all mental capabilities and choose the right solution, and some versions of such games allow you to develop memory functions. Moreover, it is an interesting, useful and fun pastime.
These are traditional chess, as well as checkers and other logic games that can be played on a computer.
For example, “Scrabble” is an excellent version of this game; each player on a special field, using his ability to think, collects one by one his own variants of words composed from the first word. In addition, "Erudite" (the Russian name for "scrabble"), in addition to thinking and logic, increases one's horizons and develops memory well.
"Reversi" is a relatively young game. It is carried out on a special field with two-color chips. It was invented in 1880 in England. Then it was forgotten, but in Japan it was revived again in the early 70s of the 20th century. Reversi" perfectly develops large-scale logical thinking, the ability to see the perspective of actions and calculate them several moves in advance.
Such logic games allow you to improve your strategic vision of problems, increase your speed of thinking and the ability to instantly find the right variants of problems, which is simply necessary in a modern, rapidly changing world.
It is very important to learn to think logically - such skills help not only to calculate your actions in advance, but also to quickly find a way out of unforeseen situations. A person who has developed logical thinking will undoubtedly be able to achieve success even under not the most favorable circumstances. So, how to develop logical thinking?
Logic and logical thinking
Logic is
The concept of “logic” has its roots in the ancient Greek language, and is translated as thought (reasoning). In general, logic can be called the ability to think intelligently, and it can be considered as a science. We are talking about a branch of philosophy that studies intellectual activity. If you are capable of logical thinking, then based on the data you have, you will be able to come to the right conclusion. With the help of logic, you gain not only general knowledge about a particular subject, but also comprehend its nuances.What is logical thinking and its types
It is worth noting that logical thinking is divided into several types, and by familiarizing yourself with their characteristics, you will be able to determine whether you possess any of them. In general, logical thinking is a thought process in which we obtain a reasonable conclusion from existing premises. Verbal and logical thinking It uses logical constructs and concepts, acts based on linguistic means and represents the highest stage in the development of thinking. Using verbal and logical thinking, a person is able to come to general patterns and generalize various visual materials. The formation of such thinking occurs gradually. During training, a person masters the methods of mental activity and analyzes the process of his own thoughts. When solving educational problems, it influences the formation of analysis, generalization, synthesis, classification, comparison. Let's look at these concepts in more detail. Analysis- a mental operation in which a person is able to disassemble a complex object into elements. Synthesis– usually acts in unity with analysis, carried out simultaneously. A person moves from parts to the whole. Generalization– the combination of many elements according to a single characteristic. The comparison reveals something in common. Classification– objects are grouped according to essential characteristics Comparison– comparison of phenomena and objects, as well as identification of their differences and common features. Verbal-logical thinking People with this type of thinking tend to focus their attention on what they say rather than how they say it. Such logicians have a predisposition to accuracy and show interest in the semantic essence of any information. They try to compare newly acquired knowledge with those they already possessed. It is worth noting that this type of thinking, alas, is not characterized by fast memory. A person needs a certain amount of time to carefully think and analyze everything. We also note that people with this type of thinking are prone to conservatism and weak expression of emotions. The strengths of verbal-logical thinking include accuracy and consistency. The negative side is slow switching from one task to another. Mathematical thinking This type of thinking is characterized by flexibility, originality and depth. Let us consider these concepts in more detail, in the context of mathematical thinking. Flexibility– the ability to vary options for solving a certain problem, easy transition from one way of solving a difficulty to another. We are also talking about the ability to leave the boundaries of familiar methods of action - a person is looking for new solutions, quickly adapting to changed conditions. Originality– a factor that provides in this case the highest level of unconventional thinking. Depth– the ability to comprehend the essence of all studied facts, their relationships, hidden features. Associative-figurative thinking It should also be noted that there are people who are characterized by associative-figurative thinking. Their memory is well developed, but differs from the memory of logicians. Trying to remember something, the lyricist immediately reproduces something else in his memory because he has a predisposition to associative perception of reality. What are the main benefits of thinking like this? You can give examples of emotionality, rich imagination, and the ability to easily switch from one to another. A person perceives images holistically, connecting them with existing reality. Disadvantages include inconsistent actions, increased idealization, excessive vulnerability, and increased sensuality. Such features do not always make it possible to look at the world objectively, although they make it very exciting.
Developed memory and logical thinking are simply necessary in everyday life - when performing professional tasks, as well as in everyday affairs. By developing memory and logic, you will learn to concentrate your attention and control your thoughts. As a result, it will be easier for you to focus on current tasks and organize your own life. By performing exercises to develop memory, after a certain period of time you will begin to notice that when solving problems, you use very non-standard and effective methods that would not have occurred to you before.
How to develop memory and thinking in adults
Tasks for the development of logical thinking
On the Internet you can easily find a variety of tasks with the help of which you will be able to develop logical thinking. Many sites will offer you different levels of tasks. Try to start with something not too difficult and gradually move on.Learn to think logically through games, puzzles and strategies
Also, a variety of games, strategies and puzzles can greatly contribute to the development of logical thinking. To do this, it is not necessary to search for tasks on the Internet. Even by purchasing a box of puzzles, you can not only have an entertaining evening, but also significantly improve your level of logical thinking.10 ways to develop your memory
1.) Read a lot of books Of course, a person who is inclined to read has a better memory than one who does not show any interest in this activity. So how can this be used. Read a short story, then immediately retell it into the recorder. After a few hours, try repeating this retelling. Analyze what details you forgot, what you missed. Do these exercises regularly. 2.) Pronounce words backwards This is also a very useful method to improve your memory. It is also impossible not to note the convenience of this method - you do not need a voice recorder or other auxiliary devices. Perform this task before going to bed, on the road, in line, and so on. If possible, you can do the exercise on a piece of paper, in a notepad - this way it will be more convenient for you to test yourself. 3.) Study poetry and new words Memorizing poetry is a wonderful memory trainer. You can also learn new words that are unfamiliar to you. As soon as such a word catches your eye, at any opportunity, look up its meaning in the dictionary. After this, try “in your head” to compose several sentences in which the new word will be used. 4.) Remember everything in detail, analyze Get into the habit of replaying in your memory every evening the events that happened to you over the past day. Start from the moment you wake up. Remember what you thought about when you woke up, what you ate for breakfast, who you talked to. Next, move on to memories of how your day went, what people you interacted with, what tasks you faced. Then move on to memories of the evening. Analyze what unpleasant events you could have avoided, what useful things you learned today, what action was senseless, and so on. 5.) Draw images in your head Quite an interesting exercise that perfectly develops the imagination. For example, imagine yourself on vacation. Let's say, not just you sitting on the shore, but in more detail. Imagine that you are sitting on the warm sand, you have a glass of lemonade or beer in your hand, and there is a plate of shrimp or corn next to you - you can hear their smells. You also hear the sound of sea waves, and sometimes their splashes reach you. You can add any more details. So, imagine whatever you want. For example, you find yourself in a summer garden: the shadow of the trees falls on you, you hear the smell of raspberries, and pear fruits periodically fall to the ground. The sun's rays break through the foliage. 6.) Get a good night's sleep Undoubtedly, you have already heard that adequate sleep has an important effect on our memory. If you sleep at least seven hours a night, you can be sure that this has the best effect not only on memory, but also on concentration and even on the rejuvenation of body cells. Good sleep is essential for energy and overall health. 7.) Aivazovsky’s method develops photographic memory This training technique got its name in honor of the famous artist. While writing his works and paintings, Ivan Konstantinovich mentally tried to stop the movement of the wave and transfer it to his painting so that it would not look frozen. Aivazovsky devoted many hours to the process of observing water. At the same time, he closed his eyes from time to time, trying to reproduce what he saw in his memory. How to use this technique?- Study an object or landscape for 5 minutes. Covering your eyelids, try to reproduce the image of this picture in your memory. It is also important that it be colored. The effectiveness of training can be increased by recording objects on a piece of paper. If you perform this exercise regularly, you will be able to achieve considerable progress in the development of visual memory.
How to develop logic and thinking in a teenager
Tasks, puzzles and charades On the Internet you can find many puzzles that you and your teenager can try to solve. Try to look for tasks that contain the correct answer - if the goal is not achieved, you can see how it could have been achieved. A special application with tasks for a smartphone On Google Play you can easily find an application called “Logic, Problems, Puzzles” - it can be installed on your smartphone. The essence of the application is to develop analytical skills in adults and adolescents. There are also apps like Brain Training, Lumosity and many others. Many factors influence intelligence and ingenuity. If you are forced to subject your body to constant stress, then it is not surprising that your reactions will leave much to be desired. During peak periods, the human body produces cortisol, which has a detrimental effect on brain cells. If you have to take on a ton of things in the morning, then you should try to slow down your usual pace of life at least a little. Start by not jumping out of bed immediately after the alarm clock rings - allow yourself some time (15-25 minutes) to lie down and think about the coming day. Ways to improve your intelligenceMusic. Periodically take a break from the daily hustle and bustle by listening to music. By the way, scientists believe that classical works are very useful for activating the brain. For example, people who listen to Mozart from time to time are characterized by increased speed of thinking. Don't waste energy. Don't take on many tasks at once. To do something well, it is important to focus on it. If you have to answer a letter, talk on the phone and listen to the news at the same time, then, of course, attention will begin to dissipate among several sources of information. The result will be a decrease in concentration and even the level of intelligence. More positive. Do not deny yourself positive emotions - your performance directly depends on them. Visit parks more often, go to the movies, meet friends. Development. Regularly search the Internet for exercises to develop memory and enrich your vocabulary. It is unlikely that you will be “illuminated” by unexpected solutions if you have a poor vocabulary that is almost unable to hold anything in your head. To develop memory, learn poetry, just read books.
Online logic test - developing the ability to think logically
So, we suggest that you mark your time – it is advisable to use no more than a quarter of an hour to complete the test.Test:
1.) Can a woman marry her widower's brother? 2.) Is there March 2nd in Italy? 3.) The girl declares: “The day before yesterday I was 8 years old, and next year I will celebrate my 11th birthday!” Could it be so? 4.) There are 10 fingers on 2 hands. So, how many fingers are there on ten hands? 5.) You are a bus driver heading from Yekaterinburg to Ugut. You will have three stops along the way. How old is the driver? 6.) The month ends on the 30th or 31st. Name the month that contains the 28th? 7.) You find yourself in a room with two lamps - gasoline and gas. What will you light first? 8.) One car left Ufa for Moscow, and the second – from Moscow for Ufa. The cars left at the same time, but the speed of the second car was twice as high as the speed of the first. Which car will be closest to Ufa at the time of the meeting? 9.) Mother and son were in an accident. The mother did not survive the hospital stay. A nurse comes into my son’s room and says, pointing at him: “This is my son.” Is this possible? 10.) A coin was found, donated to the year seventy-eight BC. Could it be so? 11.) The rooster flew onto a roof, the slope of which on one side is 45 degrees, and on the other - 30. When he lays an egg, from what slope will it roll? 12.) The doctor prescribed three injections, which must be given every half hour. So, how long does it take to complete these three injections? 13.) The weight of the brick is one and a half kilos. Plus another third of the brick. How much does a brick ultimately weigh? 1.) No; 2.) Yes; 3.) Maybe if she was born on December 31st; 4.) 50; 5.) As much as me; 6.) In all; 7.) Match; 8.) Same; 9.) Yes; 10.) No; 11.) Not at all; 12.) One hour; 13.) 1 kg.
If you did: No more than 2 errors Your logical thinking is excellent! You probably put a lot of work into achieving these results, but it was worth it! From 3 to 5 errors We can safely say that you have a high level of intelligence, despite the fact that sometimes you make mistakes. Be that as it may, you are able to analyze most events correctly. 6 to 7 errors Your level of intelligence can be called average. The potential for growth is certainly there, and if you want, you will succeed in this matter. 8 or more errors It's hard to say that you are often guided by logic in your judgments. Surely, you mainly act under the influence of emotions.
Books that develop logical thinking
This book can be considered a simple introduction to the world of modern mathematical logic. The textbook was recommended by the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Higher Education, and has become an excellent source of knowledge for many students of higher educational institutions.
This is a book that clearly explains the basics of logic. The main emphasis is on syllogistics. The textbook contains tasks with the help of which the student is able to learn to apply certain rules in practice in a short period of time.
A textbook that talks about how to learn to think logically - who finds it difficult and who easily overcomes barriers. Contains useful tasks.
Ten-minute exercises for developing logic for every day
A couple of random words Select two words at random from an article or story - just point your finger at the words without thinking about their meaning. Now you need to try to find something in common between the selected words - compare them, find the relationship. Come up with an interesting story that could connect the two concepts. Associations Look around the room you are in now. Choose an object in the room - for example, a chair or a plate. Take a piece of paper and come up with five adjectives that best describe the thing you have chosen. Example: round plate, yellow plate, small plate, clean plate, empty plate. Now write five adjectives that are completely inappropriate for the chosen subject. Example: wooden plate, boiled plate, winter plate, windy plate, silk plate. Undoubtedly, such exercises will benefit you if you do them daily. Plus, you don’t have to spend a lot of time on them! Try to start today, and you will soon notice significant progress in the development of logical thinking and imagination.
