Organization of occupational safety training

In accordance with the Labor Code of the Russian Federation (Article 212), one of the employer’s responsibilities to ensure safe working conditions is training in safe methods and techniques for performing work on labor protection and providing first aid in case of accidents at work, instruction in labor protection, internships and knowledge testing, labor protection requirements.

According to Article 225 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, all employees of an organization, including its head, are required to undergo training in labor protection and testing of knowledge of labor protection requirements in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

For all persons entering work, as well as those transferred to another job, the employer is obliged to provide instructions on labor protection, organize training in safe methods and techniques for performing work with on-the-job training and passing exams, and during the course of work - conduct periodic training in labor protection and testing knowledge of labor protection requirements.

The state provides training in labor protection in educational institutions, as well as training of labor protection specialists in higher educational institutions.

Persons who have a diploma in this specialty or have at least one year of experience in this position are accepted for the position of occupational safety engineer.

Those entering the position of occupational safety engineer for the first time who do not have a diploma in occupational safety and health must undergo training in occupational safety under special programs in advanced training courses.

Workers who have the qualification of an engineer for the safety of technological processes and production or labor protection, as well as teaching staff of educational institutions teaching the discipline “Occupational Safety”, who have continuous work experience in the field of labor protection for at least five years, within a year after admission to work may not undergo training and testing of knowledge of labor protection requirements.

The procedure for training and testing knowledge of occupational safety requirements is established by GOST 12.0.004-90 “Organization of occupational safety training”, as well as by Resolution of the Ministry of Labor of Russia and the Ministry of Education of Russia No. 1/29 dated

Training of managers and specialists

Managers and specialists of organizations undergo special training in labor protection within the scope of their job responsibilities upon entering work during the first month, then as necessary, but at least once every 3 years. They are allowed to work independently after familiarizing themselves with the local regulations in force in the organization.

Training of managers and occupational safety specialists is carried out according to special programs in the amount of 40 hours directly by the organization itself or by training centers if they have a license, teaching staff and material and technical base.

In the Nizhny Novgorod region there are 24 training organizations that have permission from the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Population for the right to train and test the knowledge of labor protection of managers and specialists.

Training organizations based on a sample curriculum approved by the Ministry of Labor of Russia on May 17, 2004. develop and approve curricula and training programs on labor protection and coordinate them with executive authorities.

Occupational safety training for managers and specialists in an organization is carried out according to programs developed on the basis of sample programs approved by the employer.

In the process of training managers and specialists in occupational safety and health, lectures, seminars, consultations, business games are held; modular and computer programs, as well as distance learning, can be used.

Training is conducted by teachers of educational institutions on labor protection, safety of technological processes and production, managers and specialists of executive authorities, state supervision bodies, as well as employees of labor protection services of organizations with appropriate qualifications and experience in the field of labor protection.

To conduct testing of knowledge of labor protection requirements for employees in organizations, by order of the employer, a commission consisting of at least three people who have undergone training and testing of knowledge of labor protection requirements in the prescribed manner is created. The commission includes heads of organizations and their structural divisions, specialists from labor protection services, chief specialists (technologist, mechanic, power engineer), as well as representatives of the trade union organization and authorized persons for labor protection.

The commission for testing knowledge, a training organization, includes managers and full-time teachers of these organizations and, by agreement, representatives of executive authorities and state supervisory authorities in the field of labor protection.

The results of the knowledge test are documented in a protocol in the prescribed form.

An employee who has successfully passed the test of knowledge of labor protection requirements is issued a certificate signed by the chairman of the commission, certified by the seal of the organization. An employee who fails the knowledge test must undergo a second knowledge test no later than one month.

An extraordinary test of knowledge of the labor protection requirements of the organization's employees is carried out when new legislative and regulatory acts on labor protection are introduced, when new equipment and technological processes are put into operation, when employees are appointed and transferred to another job, at the request of officials of the federal labor inspectorate and executive authorities. , after an accident and accidents and interruptions in work in this position for more than a year.

The employee must be notified of the date and place of the next (extraordinary) knowledge test at least 15 days in advance.

Special training for blue-collar workers

In certain industries and jobs that are subject to increased safety requirements, special occupational safety training is carried out.

The list of jobs and professions for which training and knowledge testing is carried out, the training schedule and the composition of the examination committee are approved by the head (chief engineer) of the enterprise in agreement with the trade union organization.

Training is carried out according to programs developed taking into account industry and standard programs, the specifics of production, profession and type of work. The programs are approved by the head of the organization in agreement with the labor protection department and the trade union committee. The volume of training is at least 20 hours.

Occupational safety training in the preparation of workers is organized by the personnel training or technical training department with the involvement of specialists and engineers who know the production process well in conducting classes.

After training, all employees undergo a test of knowledge and practical skills. The results of the knowledge test are documented in a protocol and recorded in a personal card. A worker who successfully passes the knowledge test is issued a certificate for the right to work independently. If a worker receives an unsatisfactory assessment, a repeat knowledge test is scheduled no later than one month.

All workers who have had a break from working in a given type of work, position, or profession for more than one year must undergo labor safety training before starting independent work.

When testing the knowledge of workers servicing high-risk facilities, representatives of inspecting organizations are invited to join the knowledge testing commission.

Occupational safety briefing

All those hired must undergo labor safety training, incl. business travelers, employees of third-party organizations performing work in a certain area, students undergoing practical training, etc.

Based on the nature and timing of briefings, they are divided into introductory, primary at the workplace, repeated, unscheduled and targeted.

Induction training at the enterprise is carried out by a labor protection engineer or a person assigned these responsibilities by order of the enterprise. Introductory briefing is carried out in the labor protection office according to a special introductory briefing program approved by the head of the enterprise in agreement with the trade union committee. The program is drawn up taking into account the requirements of safety standards, norms and regulations on labor protection and the specifics of production, its features.

An approximate list of questions for drawing up an induction program is given in the appendix. 3 GOST 12.0.004-90 and contains:

information about the enterprise, production features;
basics of labor legislation, employment contract, working time, rest time, benefits and compensation;
internal labor regulations, liability for violation;
rules of behavior on the territory of the enterprise, location of workshops and services;
dangerous and harmful factors characteristic of production, protective equipment, safety signs, alarms;
requirements for industrial sanitation and personal hygiene, personal protective equipment, the procedure for their issuance, standards;
circumstances and causes of industrial accidents, the procedure for their investigation and recording;
first aid to victims, actions of workers in the event of a fire, methods and means of preventing fires.

An entry about the induction training is made in the induction training logbook (Appendix 4) with the obligatory signature of the person being instructed and the person instructing, as well as in the employment document (Form T-1). Along with the magazine, a personal training card can be used.

Initial training at the workplace is carried out before the start of production activities:

with all those newly hired at the enterprise, transferred from one division to another;
with employees performing new work for them, business travelers, temporary workers;
with builders performing construction and installation work on the territory of an existing enterprise;
with students and students who arrived for practical training, before performing new types of work, as well as in educational laboratories, classes, before studying a new topic.

The Labor Code of the Russian Federation in Article 225 establishes that all employees of enterprises, as well as managers and individual entrepreneurs, must undergo labor protection training. After training, regular tests of knowledge and skills in the field of labor protection, first aid to victims, and actions during emergencies and dangerous situations should be carried out. To do this, the employer must conduct regular briefings on labor protection and safety to both new employees who begin to perform their duties at the enterprise, employees who are transferred to another place within the organization, and permanent employees in accordance with the established instruction schedule. If the enterprise has dangerous and harmful working conditions, then it will be necessary to conduct not only training, but also on-site internships, and after that carry out periodic briefings and knowledge testing according to a special schedule.

Safety briefings are divided into several types. When hired, an employee undergoes induction training in a classroom or in a labor safety corner. Then he is given initial instruction at the workplace. The health and safety system also provides for repeated training, unscheduled and targeted. All these classes can be conducted by any employee appointed by order of the director or entrepreneur, who has also been trained in a specialized center and received permission to conduct instructions.

Each instruction is recorded in a special journal; next to the entry is the signature of both employees and instructors, and the date of the lesson.

Initial briefing

Initial instruction is carried out directly at the workplace, the time of its implementation is strictly before the start of independent work. It is organized for everyone who is rehired by the organization, including those who take up contract work, seasonal work, or part-time work, regardless of the period for which the contract is concluded. Instructions are also provided for homeworkers if the work process involves using equipment that is provided to the employee by the enterprise, as well as if it is purchased by the employee at his own expense.

Initial training must also be carried out with employees who are transferred from one structural unit to another, or if the working conditions and tasks at the previous place change for employees. Seconded employees of other organizations, students of secondary and higher educational institutions undergoing internship at the enterprise must also undergo initial and introductory briefings. Any person involved in one way or another in the production process, touching machines, lines, equipment, who is capable of receiving even the slightest harm to health or well-being for a production reason during working hours, must be instructed and trained. The signature of this person with the date of completion of the procedure must appear in the briefing log.

If a new employee in his production activities is not associated with working on equipment, with its testing, repair, adjustment, or commissioning, then he may be exempted from instructions by the employer’s decision. The exact list of positions that are exempt from occupational safety training is approved by the employer. The entrepreneur must understand that if he establishes such positions, then he will be personally responsible if the employee does receive an occupational disease or injury.

Other types of briefings

Repeated briefings are carried out more than once every six months or even more often, depending on the specifics of the activity. There are also unscheduled briefings that are carried out when certain conditions arise. This happens when new legislative acts in the field of labor protection are introduced, as well as when existing ones are adjusted, when the production process changes significantly, if technological lines are replaced, equipment is modernized, or new tools are purchased that can affect safe working conditions. Unscheduled briefings are required to be carried out in case of violation of labor protection and safety regulations, when a threat to the life and health of employees has been created, for example, such a reason could be an accident, injury, breakdown, etc.

Unscheduled briefings can be initiated by representatives or inspectors from state supervision and control bodies. If production was closed for a certain period, then it will also begin only after unscheduled briefings. For hazardous industries, the downtime period is 1 month, for ordinary ones - 2 months. In addition, unscheduled briefing and testing of occupational safety knowledge can be carried out on the personal initiative of the employer, if he sees good reasons for such an event.

And one more type of briefing is targeted. The need to carry it out arises if there is a need to eliminate accidents, the consequences of natural disasters, as well as when performing one-time sets of work and holding events with large crowds of people.

The procedure for conducting briefings, terms and conditions are established by the internal regulations of the enterprise. Managers who are responsible for labor protection at the enterprise must undergo training once every three years, but they must undergo the first (not introductory) briefing within the first month of work. Who can become such a leader? Any person designated by order. Be careful when making an appointment; if you do not properly fill out the order, this can cause many troubles; as a result of problems arising, the responsibility may fall entirely on you personally. But it is best, of course, to prevent such situations from arising.

Heads of departments and their deputies can be appointed as the head of the “labor safety” area; such a load can be taken on by a manager or an individual entrepreneur. If you have a technically competent employee, but is not a manager, then he can also become a good responsible employee for labor protection.

If an enterprise creates a commission on labor protection, then it includes heads of departments who control this area in their structures, representatives of training centers on labor protection, representatives of local governments, and representatives of government at various levels.

If the organization has such a commission, then it can carry out both briefings and independent knowledge testing, which is carried out once every three years. Such a commission must have at least 3 people, and all of them must be trained by an enterprise that has an educational license in the field of occupational safety and health. In many cities this is done by staff development centers. The commission must have a chairman and secretary. There must also be an order to create a commission, drawn up in compliance with all the rules. If the enterprise has a trade union committee, then its representatives must be present on the commission and defend the interests of workers in the event of difficult situations and incidents.

If an employee has not passed the next briefing and knowledge test, the employer has the right to remove him from work. If the employee successfully passed the test and passed the exam, then he is given a certificate, signed by the chairman of the commission, and the organization’s seal is affixed. If a positive mark was not received, then after a month the employee must come for a repeat exam. It should be noted that all responsibility for the quality of internal training lies with the employer and the labor protection commission. This quality is monitored by the local labor inspectorate, and many employers prefer to avoid increased attention from this body. Therefore, it is most logical to comply with the rules and requirements for labor protection, and not consider this area unnecessary, and do not conduct training only on paper for show.

All training activities on labor protection bring serious benefits to the enterprise. We must perceive them as investments in our economy, in improving our image and customer loyalty. For example, a gas explosion occurred at the plant, killing two people. Will product buyers think that someone will not comply with safety regulations? Customers will simply stop using the products of this plant, because the media will present the events in such a way that the image can be completely forgotten for many years. But it was only necessary to regularly spend a small amount of money on labor protection measures, then significant losses could be avoided.

November 27, 2015 Views: 19488

How to organize occupational safety training for employees?

Employees who must undergo occupational safety training.

The employer is obliged to organize and promptly conduct training in safe work methods and testing the knowledge of labor protection requirements for employees (paragraph 7, part 2, article 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, clause 1.7 of the Procedure approved by resolution of January 13, 2003 of the Ministry of Labor of Russia No. 1 and the Ministry of Education Russia No. 29).

All categories of employees must undergo occupational safety training, in particular:

managers (including heads of organizations);
specialists;
workers.

In addition, employers-entrepreneurs are required to undergo labor safety training. This is stated in Part 1 of Article 225 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

Attention: the organization should not allow employees who have not undergone training and instructions on labor protection to work (paragraph 8, part 2, article 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). An employee who has not undergone training and testing of knowledge on labor protection through no fault of his own must be suspended from work, and the organization is obliged to pay for the entire period of suspension from work as downtime due to the fault of the organization (paragraph 3, part 1, part 3, article 76 Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

Stages of occupational safety training

As a rule, the occupational safety training procedure includes:

labor safety briefing (mandatory for all employees);
training in safe methods and techniques for performing work;
training in first aid rules.

In addition, the employer is obliged to organize testing of knowledge of labor protection requirements. This conclusion can be drawn from the provisions of parts 1, 2 and 3 of Article 225 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

General training procedure The procedure for training employees and testing knowledge of labor protection requirements was approved by Decree of January 13, 2003 of the Ministry of Labor of Russia No. 1 and the Ministry of Education of Russia No. 29. At the same time, regional and local authorities may establish additional requirements for training and testing knowledge of labor protection ( clause 1.3 of the Procedure approved by the resolution of January 13, 2003 of the Ministry of Labor of Russia No. 1 and the Ministry of Education of Russia No. 29).

The legislation provides for different procedures for training in occupational safety and health depending on the categories of employees:

working professions;
managers and specialists.

Occupational safety training for blue-collar workers

Employees of blue-collar professions are trained in safe methods and techniques for performing work within a month after starting work or upon transfer to another job. Training is carried out in the preparation of employees, retraining and training them in other working professions. This is stated in paragraph 2.2.1 of the Procedure approved by resolution of January 13, 2003 of the Ministry of Labor of Russia No. 1 and the Ministry of Education of Russia No. 29.

If the work is associated with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions, then employees of blue-collar professions undergo training with on-the-job training and subsequent passing of exams. At the same time, employees who have had breaks in their profession (type of work) for more than a year undergo training and testing of knowledge of labor protection requirements within the first month after being assigned to these jobs. This is stated in paragraph 2.2.2 of the Procedure, approved by resolution of January 13, 2003 of the Ministry of Labor of Russia No. 1 and the Ministry of Education of Russia No. 29.

Employees of blue-collar professions are trained to provide first aid to victims at least once a year. New employees must complete such training no later than one month after hire. This is stated in paragraph 2.2.4 of the Procedure, approved by resolution of January 13, 2003 of the Ministry of Labor of Russia No. 1 and the Ministry of Education of Russia No. 29.

The employer determines the form, frequency and duration of training for employees of blue-collar professions independently, taking into account the requirements of regulations governing the safety of specific types of work (clause 2.2.3 of the Procedure approved by Resolution of the Ministry of Labor of Russia No. 1 of January 13, 2003 and the Ministry of Education of Russia No. 29 ). Responsibilities for training employees and testing knowledge of labor protection requirements are, as a rule, performed by the labor protection service (clause 7.14 of the Recommendations, approved by Resolution of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated February 8, 2000 No. 14).

Training of managers and specialists

The need for training managers (specialists) in labor protection arises:

when hiring a new employee;
when transferring an employee to another job;
when improving the qualifications of a manager or specialist.

This is stated in part 2 of article 225 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, paragraph 3 of clause 2.3.6 of the Procedure, approved by resolution of the Ministry of Labor of Russia No. 1 of January 13, 2003 and the Ministry of Education of Russia No. 29.

Managers and specialists must undergo special training in labor safety within the scope of their job responsibilities within the first month after going to work. Conduct repeated training as necessary, but at least once every three years. This is provided for in paragraph 2.3.1 of the Procedure approved by resolution of January 13, 2003 of the Ministry of Labor of Russia No. 1 and the Ministry of Education of Russia No. 29.

There is an exception to this rule. Training and testing of knowledge of labor protection requirements may not be completed within a year after starting a job:

employees qualified as an engineer (specialist) in the safety of technological processes, production or labor protection engineer;
specialists in labor protection of federal executive authorities, executive authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, state supervision and control;
teachers of educational institutions teaching the discipline of labor protection;
employees with continuous work experience in the field of labor protection for at least five years.

This is stated in paragraph 1.6 of the Procedure, approved by resolution of January 13, 2003 of the Ministry of Labor of Russia No. 1 and the Ministry of Education of Russia No. 29.

Before starting independent work, a new employee must be familiarized with:

with job responsibilities (including labor protection);
with internal local documents regulating the procedure for organizing work on labor protection (for example, Regulations on the labor protection service, Regulations on the procedure for training in labor protection and testing knowledge of labor protection requirements, Safety Instructions);
with the state of working conditions at the facilities (structural units) entrusted to him.

This is stated in paragraph 2 of clause 2.3.1 of the Procedure approved by resolution of January 13, 2003 of the Ministry of Labor of Russia No. 1 and the Ministry of Education of Russia No. 29.

Managers and specialists are trained in occupational safety and health according to relevant programs. In this case, training can take place:

in training organizations (educational institutions of vocational education or training centers if they have a license to teach in the field of labor protection, teaching staff in the field of labor protection and material and technical base);
in the organization itself (if it has a special commission to test knowledge of labor protection requirements.

Training in training organizations

Some categories of employees must undergo training in training organizations of federal executive authorities and executive authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of labor protection (for example, Rostechnadzor). These include, in particular:

employers (heads of organizations, entrepreneurs);
deputy managers in charge of labor safety issues;
engineering and technical specialists supervising the work;
occupational safety specialists;
members of labor protection commissions;
organizers and supervisors of students' practical training;
authorized representatives for labor protection of trade unions and other representative bodies of employees.

This is stated in paragraph 2.3.2 of the Procedure approved by resolution of January 13, 2003 of the Ministry of Labor of Russia No. 1 and the Ministry of Education of Russia No. 29.

During the occupational safety training process, lectures, seminars, interviews, individual or group consultations, and business games are held. Besides,

Elements of self-study of the occupational safety program, modular and computer programs, as well as distance learning can be used. This is stated in paragraph 2.3.5 of the Procedure, approved by resolution of January 13, 2003 of the Ministry of Labor of Russia No. 1 and the Ministry of Education of Russia No. 29.

Employer training

Labor safety training in the organization is carried out according to programs approved by the employer. Develop these training programs based on sample curricula and training programs for occupational safety. This is stated in paragraph 2.3.4 of the Procedure approved by Resolution No. 1 of the Russian Ministry of Labor No. 1 and the Russian Ministry of Education No. 29 of January 13, 2003. For example, sample training plans for occupational safety and health training were approved by the Russian Ministry of Labor on May 17, 2004.

In addition, to conduct training in the organization, develop the following documents:

order on organizing training of employees on labor protection;
Regulations on the procedure for training in labor protection and testing knowledge of labor protection requirements.

This conclusion can be drawn from the provisions of paragraphs 21–23 of part 2 of article 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

Checking employees' knowledge of labor protection requirements

An organization can conduct a test of knowledge of labor protection requirements independently or in a specialized organization (clauses 3.4, 3.9 of the Procedure approved by Resolution of the Ministry of Labor of Russia No. 1 of January 13, 2003 and the Ministry of Education of Russia No. 29).

The procedure and frequency of testing knowledge of labor protection requirements depends on the category of the employee and the reason for the test.

For example, the next test of knowledge of labor protection requirements for managers and specialists should be carried out at least once every three years, and testing of the knowledge of workers in working professions in providing first aid to victims - at least once a year.

An extraordinary inspection is carried out in certain cases, for example:

when legislation changes;
with changes in technological processes;
in case of transfer or emergence of new responsibilities for an employee;
with a break in work for more than one year;
when establishing violations by the employer in labor protection;
with insufficient knowledge of occupational safety and health requirements;
after accidents occurred in the organization.

Such rules are established in paragraphs 3.1–3.3 of the Procedure approved by resolution of January 13, 2003 of the Ministry of Labor of Russia No. 1 and the Ministry of Education of Russia No. 29.

Testing knowledge of labor protection requirements in the organization

The theoretical knowledge of occupational safety requirements and practical safe work skills of blue-collar workers are tested by their immediate supervisors. In this case, the employee must know the requirements of labor protection rules and instructions, and, if necessary, special safety and labor protection requirements. This is stated in paragraph 3.1 of the Procedure, approved by resolution of January 13, 2003 of the Ministry of Labor of Russia No. 1 and the Ministry of Education of Russia No. 29.

To test knowledge of labor protection requirements in an organization, create a commission. To do this:

issue an order to create a commission in any form;
develop regulations on the labor protection commission.

The standard provision was approved by order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated May 29, 2006 No. 413 (Article 218 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

The commission must consist of at least three people. Members of the commission must undergo training and testing of knowledge on labor protection. The commission is formed of a chairman, deputy (deputies) chairman, secretary and members of the commission.

The commission may include:

heads of organizations and structural divisions;
occupational safety specialists;
chief specialists (for example, technologist, mechanic, power engineer);
representatives of the trade union and other employee representative bodies.

This is stated in paragraph 3.4 of the Procedure, approved by resolution of January 13, 2003 of the Ministry of Labor of Russia No. 1 and the Ministry of Education of Russia No. 29.

Check results

Document the results of testing the knowledge of employee labor protection requirements in a protocol (clause 3.6 of the Procedure approved by Resolution of the Ministry of Labor of Russia No. 1 of January 13, 2003 and the Ministry of Education of Russia No. 29). Its form was approved by resolution of January 13, 2003 of the Russian Ministry of Labor No. 1 and the Russian Ministry of Education No. 29.

Employees who successfully pass the test will be issued a certificate of knowledge testing on labor protection. Its form was approved by resolution of January 13, 2003 of the Ministry of Labor of Russia No. 1 and the Ministry of Education of Russia No. 29. The chairman of the commission must sign the certificate and certify it with the seal of the organization. This is stated in paragraph 3.7 of the Procedure, approved by resolution of January 13, 2003 of the Ministry of Labor of Russia No. 1 and the Ministry of Education of Russia No. 29.

If an employee does not pass the test, he is obliged to undergo a second knowledge test no later than one month (clause 3.8 of the Procedure approved by Resolution of the Ministry of Labor of Russia No. 1 of January 13, 2003 and the Ministry of Education of Russia No. 29).

Testing knowledge of labor protection requirements in a training organization

Training organizations can test the knowledge of occupational safety requirements only for those employees who have undergone training in occupational safety (clause 3.9 of the Procedure approved by Resolution of the Ministry of Labor of Russia No. 1 of January 13, 2003 and the Ministry of Education of Russia No. 29).

Responsibility for violation of labor safety rules

Violation of labor safety rules is subject to administrative and criminal liability.

In addition, an organization and its officials may be subject to administrative penalties for allowing employees to work who have not undergone training and testing of knowledge of labor safety requirements in the prescribed manner. This is provided for in parts 3 and 5 of Article 5.27.1 of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses.

How to conduct occupational safety training?

Mandatory instructions

Employees of the organization must be familiarized with labor protection requirements and safety rules in the workplace (Articles 212 and 225 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

Instruction at the workplace is a mandatory procedure that all employees without exception must undergo (Article 225 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, clause 1.1 of the Procedure approved by Resolution of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated January 13, 2003 No. 1, Ministry of Education of Russia dated January 13, 2003 No. 29 ).

Personnel must master safe methods and techniques of work, be able to provide first aid to victims, and firmly know what actions are prohibited in the workplace. When working with computers, you must comply with the rules and regulations (SanPiN 2.2.2/2.4.1340-03), approved by Decree of the Chief Sanitary Doctor of Russia dated June 3, 2003 No. 118.

The rules of safe work and the procedure for familiarizing employees with them should be established in the labor safety instructions. Some industries have standard occupational health and safety regulations. For example, for employees of the fuel and energy complex (oil and gas industry, petroleum product supply), such standard instructions were approved by Order of the Ministry of Fuel and Energy of Russia dated July 4, 1995 No. 144.

Types of labor safety briefings

Instruction happens:

introductory (conduct with newly hired employees; seconded to the organization; trainees and other persons who are accepted for permanent or temporary work);
primary (carry out before starting independent work);
repeated (carry out at least once every six months according to programs developed for initial instruction in the workplace);
unscheduled (carry out in case of any changes, for example, if new legislation on labor protection appears or technological processes change, etc.);
targeted (conduct with employees in cases where they need to perform one-time work, eliminate an accident, natural disaster or their consequences, etc.).

The introductory briefing must be carried out by a labor protection specialist or an employee who has been assigned these responsibilities by order of the head of the organization.

Primary, repeated, unscheduled and targeted briefings must be carried out by the employee’s immediate supervisor (foreman, foreman, teacher, etc.), who has undergone special training in labor safety.

These types of instructions are established in paragraph 2.1 of the Procedure approved by Resolution of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated January 13, 2003 No. 1, Ministry of Education of Russia dated January 13, 2003 No. 29.

All categories of workers must undergo occupational safety training. Violations of this legal requirement may result in severe fines. We will tell you in the article how to organize the educational process correctly.

Read in the article:

Occupational safety: training

The employer is obliged to promptly train employees in occupational safety and test their knowledge (). If an employee has not been trained in labor safety, he is not allowed to perform his duties. If this happened due to the fault of the organization, the missed time is paid for as downtime (Article 76 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

Typically, the training procedure includes:

familiarization with safe methods and techniques for performing work;
training in first aid rules.

In addition, the employer is obliged to organize a test of knowledge of occupational safety requirements ().

Organization of occupational safety training

Some categories of employees must study occupational safety in training organizations of federal executive authorities and executive authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of labor protection. These include, in particular:

employers (company managers, entrepreneurs);
deputy managers supervising occupational safety issues;
engineering and technical specialists supervising the work;
service specialists, members of labor protection commissions;
organizers and managers of industrial practice;
proxies of trade unions and other representative bodies of employees (Order No. 1/29).

Today, the only training organization in Russia for federal executive authorities is the Russian Ministry of Labor. In the process of training in OT, lectures, seminars, interviews, individual or group consultations, and business games are conducted. In addition, you can use elements of self-study, modular and computer programs, as well as study remotely (Order No. 1/29).

Personnel training in occupational safety and health at the enterprise is carried out according to programs approved by the employer. These programs are being developed on the basis of occupational safety programs approved by the Russian Ministry of Labor on May 17, 2004.

In addition, the following documents will be required:

regulations on the procedure for training and testing knowledge.

At the enterprise, occupational safety training programs are developed by heads of structural units with the participation of an occupational safety specialist (service). Training programs are approved by the employer in agreement with the trade union representative (if there is one).

Training organizations, on the basis of exemplary curricula and programs of the Ministry of Labor, develop and approve work curricula and programs in agreement with the relevant federal executive authorities, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of labor protection (Order No. 1/29).

Based on exemplary curricula and Mitrud programs, organizations also develop and approve their curricula. To do this, sample programs are supplemented with missing thematic sections, theses, and educational materials that are relevant for a specific position (profession) or type of work performed. Inappropriate sections are corrected or excluded.

To develop your own program, you can use the following documents:

Approximate training program;
Sample curricula, ;
Sample training programs in occupational safety for certain categories of insured persons;
Model Program (for business managers, members of knowledge testing commissions),

When compiling training programs, interindustry rules, standard instructions and other regulatory legal acts containing occupational safety requirements are used.

The programs include information:

about the basics of labor protection,
basics of occupational safety management in an enterprise,
features of ensuring occupational health and safety requirements,
protection of victims of accidents at work, .

The specific validity period of training programs is not established by law. When local acts, labor protection rules, and other regulations change, changes must be made to them.

In addition to the program itself, you need to develop a thematic curriculum. As a basis, you can take Sample plans for training and testing knowledge of labor protection requirements (). The thematic plan, as a rule, is a separate table. It indicates a list of topics studied and the number of hours on each topic.

In addition, you need to prepare exam papers for employees. They are compiled strictly according to the curriculum. The tickets should not contain topics that are not in the curriculum.

Responsibility for the quality of occupational safety training and implementation of approved programs lies with the training organization and the employer. If the organization does not have an approved training program (or a copy of the program in which employees were trained at the training center), then the employer will not be able to confirm that employees have completed the occupational safety course. For allowing such employees to work, the inspector may impose the following fines (Administrative Code of the Russian Federation):

for officials – from 15,000 to 25,000 rubles;
for entrepreneurs – from 15,000 to 25,000 rubles;

Extraordinary examination is carried out in certain cases, for example:

with changes in technological processes;
in case of transfer or emergence of new responsibilities for an employee;
with a break in work for more than one year;
when establishing violations by the employer in labor protection;
with insufficient knowledge of occupational safety requirements;
after accidents have occurred.

Such rules are established in Order No. 1/29.

At the enterprise, the theoretical knowledge of occupational safety requirements and practical safe work skills of blue-collar employees are tested by their immediate supervisors. Employees must know the requirements of the rules and instructions, and, if necessary, special safety requirements (Order No. 1/29).

To conduct a knowledge test, a commission must be created, which must consist of at least three people. Members of the commission must be trained and pass an occupational safety exam at a training center.

The commission may include:

managers of the company and structural divisions;
OT service specialists;
chief specialists (for example, technologist, mechanics, energy engineer);
representatives of the trade union, other representative bodies of employees (Order No. 1/29).

The results of testing the knowledge of employee labor protection requirements are documented in a protocol, the form of which is approved. Employees who successfully pass the exam receive a certificate in a form approved by. The chairman of the commission must sign the certificate and certify it with the seal of the organization.

If an employee does not pass the knowledge test, he is obliged to do it again no later than one month (Order No. 1/29). Training organizations test the knowledge of only those employees whom they trained (Order No. 1/29).

All workers are required to undergo occupational safety training – from ordinary workers to managers. Businessmen conducting individual entrepreneurial activities are not an exception. Employers need it to ensure the level of labor protection required by law in the workplace, and hired specialists need it to safely perform their job duties.

For failure to comply with labor protection and safety requirements, the law provides for administrative liability for employers. Since 2015, after adjustments were made to the Code of Administrative Offences, penalties have been significantly tightened.

Why take training?

Both employers and their subordinates must understand the importance of occupational safety and health (OHS) training. It is intended to reduce the level of injuries during production, improve the quality of working conditions at enterprises, and respect the rights of working citizens guaranteed by the state.

It is necessary to undergo occupational safety training and testing of knowledge of occupational safety requirements to occupy leadership positions. Managers need it:

for them to conduct instructions independently;
monitoring the knowledge of subordinates in the field of ensuring and maintaining safe working conditions;
monitoring compliance with regulatory occupational safety requirements in areas under their jurisdiction.

Responsibility for violation of the rules and regulations on occupational safety laid down by law rests with the supervisors. To monitor employees’ compliance with them, training is indispensable.

The Labor Code obliges employers to provide safe working conditions for personnel and protect their labor (Article 212). To do this they must:

train employees to safely perform work functions in accordance with the requirements established at the federal level;
provide personnel with protective equipment in cases required by law;
instruct on the creation and compliance with conditions and measures for labor protection in the organization (initially, repeatedly, for individual purposes, etc.);
check the mercenaries’ level of knowledge and OT requirements;
Conduct practical internships in the production process.

Who should pass

Article 225 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation establishes the requirement of who must undergo occupational safety training and control of knowledge of its requirements: all workers, including company managers, and individual entrepreneurs. The difference lies in the training programs developed according to the characteristics of positions and activities.

The state is obliged to protect labor and control its safety, so it takes this task with particular seriousness. Laws establish norms and standards that guarantee the safety of citizens.

Read also Frequency and specifics of repeated training on labor protection

Representatives of various professions and positions are required to undergo occupational safety training and inspections:

company management supervising occupational safety issues;
employees and managers organizing, directing and carrying out work;
teachers of educational centers and institutions;
management and organizers of practical training for students;
personnel of occupational safety departments, members of occupational safety commissions and trade unions;
representatives of federal and municipal authorities monitoring occupational safety knowledge;
workers of production areas at the enterprise.

It is allowed to accompany the completed compulsory occupational safety training by testing the acquired knowledge in an organization where there is a commission with the authority to exercise such control. This norm is due to the impossibility of separating company management from the production process for a long period. Therefore, on-the-job training is the most effective way to gain knowledge in occupational safety.

Personnel training in occupational safety is organized on the basis of regulatory documents developed and approved by authorized government agencies.

Who conducts

According to Art. 225 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the process of studying occupational safety and monitoring competence in it is established by the federal executive body, which is appointed by the Government of the Russian Federation. The participation of the Russian tripartite commission regulating social and labor disputes is mandatory. Thus, on January 13, 2003, the Ministry of Labor and the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation approved the procedure for training personnel in occupational safety and conducting tests of knowledge and requirements, currently in force throughout the country, by Resolution No. 1/29 (hereinafter referred to as the Procedure).

The requirements for occupational safety training for management and subordinate personnel of companies are set out in paragraph 2.3.2 of the Procedure. It is carried out according to training programs by authorized entities:

by the enterprises themselves;
institutions of specialized education;
training centers and other licensed educational companies.

In addition to the license, educational entities are required to have material and technical equipment and teachers specializing in OT.

Attention! It is allowed to take courses on occupational safety and monitor the knowledge of its requirements for management and employees of the employer. To do this, there must be a commission within the company created to test professional knowledge in the field of labor protection.

The formation of the commission is carried out on the basis of the order of the director. It must consist of at least three people who have successfully completed OT courses and passed the test. According to clause 3.4 of the Procedure, the following have the right to work in it:

senior managers of companies;
heads of individual company divisions;
OT department staff;
key specialists (such as power engineers, engineers, technologists).

Read also Responsibility and punishment for violation of labor protection requirements

When organizing training in a company, representatives of the trade union and their trusted (authorized) persons can participate in the activities of the commission. But their presence is determined by the employer independently and is not a prerequisite (clause 3.4 of the Procedure).

Within the company, training for management and staff is carried out by specialists from the safety department. At the same time, clause 2.3.6 requires them to have a qualification level and work experience in the field of occupational safety.

Thus, it is possible to train company personnel in labor protection from the employer if the staff includes three people holding management positions and professionals who have previously successfully completed occupational safety courses in accordance with the legally established procedure.

If a subordinate fails to test his knowledge of occupational safety rules and regulations, the employer has the right to remove him from performing job functions. Upon passing the exam, the worker receives a certificate with a company seal, certified by the chairman of the company’s occupational safety commission. If a negative mark is received, the employee must be retested.

The employer and the occupational safety commission created in the company are responsible for the quality of in-house training. Its control is the responsibility of the local labor inspectorate. Most companies try to prevent increased attention from this body: it is more advisable to comply with the requirements and rules for labor protection at the enterprise than to neglect them and conduct educational courses formally.

Clause 2.3.4 of the Procedure states that occupational safety training in a company should be based on training programs. They are developed based on approximate educational plans and training programs approved by the employer’s representative. Unlike courses conducted by specialized institutions, in this case the coordination of these programs with government authorities is not required.

The requirement for licensing educational activities in occupational safety and the availability of teachers is imposed by paragraph 2.3.2 of the Procedure only on third-party educational institutions, and not on the employers themselves. Therefore, the company is not required to obtain a license to train its own personnel in occupational safety.

Since the company conducts training and knowledge testing for its own employees in the field of occupational safety, and does not provide services in this area to other companies, it is not subject to the need to obtain accreditation (Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia No. 205n of 2010).