You can have 33 diseases and live to be 100 years old. Or you can have none and get a heart attack.

The state of the blood is the state of the cardiovascular system. Unfortunately, cardiologists go past hematology, go through the blood vessels, through the heart, and all the time try to strengthen the heart muscle. Everyone strives to dilate blood vessels, but in reality another process occurs.

It's a shame that microscopy of a living drop of blood is not becoming publicly available.

Blood is the main living medium, on the quality of which all processes occurring in organs and cells depend.

When blood quality is impaired, primarily due to thickening, acidification, increased cholesterol, etc., the main transport function of the blood becomes difficult, which leads to disruption of redox processes in all organs and tissues, including the brain and liver , kidneys, etc. Blood quality must be maintained within optimal homeostasis.

Symptoms of thick blood

A change in the normal consistency of the blood becomes a “trigger” that starts the process of development (or exacerbation of existing) diseases, such as atherosclerosis, varicose veins and others.

There is no separate disease called “thick blood”, so it would not be correct to clearly name the symptoms of “thick blood”. These same symptoms can also appear with other problems in the body.

Thick blood has increased viscosity - this causes stagnation of blood in the vessels and increases the risk of blood clots.

Clinical manifestations of thick blood:

This list can be continued, but the process sometimes occurs in a hidden form and is revealed only after donating blood for analysis.

A comprehensive blood test for clotting is called a coagulogram. This analysis gives an idea of ​​the general state of hemostasis (shows a complete picture of blood coagulation, as well as the integrity of blood vessels).

Causes of thick blood

Why does blood thicken? There are a number of important factors that influence its consistency.

1. Lack of water. Blood is 85%, and blood plasma is 90-92% water. Therefore, a decrease in this indicator by just a few percent leads to blood thickening.

2. Intensive loss of water occurs not only in summer, but also in winter - dry indoor air “pulls water out of us like a sponge;

3. For athletes, sports are accompanied by the burning of energy, the body increases heat transfer to cool down;

4. For certain diseases, for example, diabetes.

5. Enzymopathy. A pathological condition in which there is insufficient activity of certain food enzymes or their complete absence. As a result, complete breakdown of food components does not occur and under-oxidized breakdown products enter the blood, which leads to its acidification.

6. Poor nutrition. Some food products (legumes, cereals, rice, eggs, etc.) contain heat-stable specific protein inhibitors that form stable complexes with proteinases of the gastrointestinal tract, causing disruption of the digestion and absorption of food protein. Completely digested amino acid residues enter the blood. Another reason lies in the excessive consumption of carbohydrates and sugar, including fructose.

7. Environmental contamination of products. Suppression of enzymatic activity is facilitated by contamination of food products with salts of heavy metals, pesticides, insecticides and mycotoxins, which interact with protein molecules, forming stable compounds.

8. Lack of vitamins and minerals. Water-soluble vitamins: C, group B and minerals are necessary for the biosynthesis of most enzymes, so their deficiency (vitamins) leads to incomplete digestion of food due to the lack of necessary enzymes.

9. Strong acids. Strong acids are the end product of the breakdown of animal proteins. If the kidneys cannot cope with removing acids, then they remain in the body and acidification of the blood occurs.

10. Damage to blood vessels. A healthy inner wall of blood vessels (intima), which consists of endothelium, has antithrombogenic properties.

11. Liver dysfunction. Every day, the liver synthesizes a gram of blood proteins that perform transport, regulatory and other functions; disruption of biosynthesis in the liver leads to changes in the chemical composition of the blood.

12. Hyperfunction of the spleen. Causes the destruction of blood cells.

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What is this - thick blood?

Blood consists of two parts - formed elements and plasma. Plasma is the liquid part, and the formed elements are blood cells, which, in addition to their main functions, also make the blood thick. When there are more formed elements than plasma, the viscosity of the blood increases and it becomes thick. But before we talk about how to thin the blood, it is worth examining in detail what thick blood is.

What is thick blood

There is no such concept in medicine. There are viscous blood and an increased hematocrit number. Blood viscosity is determined by the amount of fibrinogen and the level of prothrombin, although blood viscosity can also increase due to an increase in other indicators, such as cholesterol, hemoglobin, glucose, and so on. The hematocrit number is a general indicator of the ratio of plasma and formed substances, which ultimately also means increased viscosity or, conversely, fluidity of the blood.

Is blood clotting dangerous?

Undoubtedly. Blood is not just a fluid in the body that flows through the circulatory system and carries nutrients or waste products, it, together with the nervous system, connects our body into a single whole. Increased blood viscosity means that not all of its cells will be able to perform their function, which means that some tissues will not receive enough nutrients, and some breakdown products will not be excreted. In addition, pushing through an excessively thick mass requires an extremely powerful motor, which will eventually wear out much faster. That is, you need a healthy, strong heart, the rapid wear and tear of which does not bode well. And this is not to mention the possible formation of blood clots with all the ensuing consequences.

If a person eats a lot of animal fats and does not consume beneficial antioxidants found in plant foods, then his blood will become viscous.

In the presence of viscous blood, nosebleeds are very common. Because of which? And this happens because if the blood is viscous, then the body has little oxygen, and because of this, the cells begin to “starve”, accordingly, the pressure inside the cells begins to rise. If the blood supply to the arms and hands, legs and feet is impaired, reddish spots will appear on the arms and feet, which if you touch, you can feel how cold they are.

What affects blood viscosity

Blood viscosity is affected by vascular damage, distortion of liver function, which affects the chemical composition and increases the viscosity of plasma, negative changes in the condition of the membranes of red blood cells and platelets, leading to vigorous adhesion of these cells. The viscosity of blood is also affected by the ratio of cell mass to the liquid part of the blood. Like all indicators of the body, this one should not be high, not low, but normal.

The danger of high blood viscosity is the increased risk of blood clots in the heart and blood vessels.

The cause of a blood clot is viscous blood

Due to problems with the thyroid gland, the stomach malfunctions: bile and pancreatic enzymes enter the duodenum late, when all the food has already moved to the intestines. At this time, the pressure in the empty stomach drops, and in the intestines into which the food has gone, it rises. Due to the pressure difference, bile and pancreatic enzymes (this is a very powerful alkali in quality) enter the stomach, where hydrochloric acid is contained. As a result of the reaction between them, hydrochloric acid is neutralized, which is produced after eating only to dissolve the blood. If this happens after each meal, then the concentration of chlorine in the blood is not restored and the blood increases its viscosity. This causes the formation of blood clots (thrombophlebitis - lack of chlorine in the blood). When thrombophlebitis appears, viscous blood begins to “glue” small vessels - capillaries, which are most abundant on the extremities: arms, legs, and head. Blood circulation is disrupted: hands become numb, cold, and sweaty. The most serious is a violation of the microcirculation of the blood vessels of the head, since the head is a microprocessor responsible for all other organs and unconditioned reflexes. As a result, memory deteriorates, fatigue increases, drowsiness and lethargy appear. Not only the brain itself suffers, but also the eyes. The eye muscle is constantly in motion and must receive oxygen in a large volume, which is impossible when small vessels are glued together, so it spasms, resulting in myopia, farsightedness or astigmatism. Over time, when large vessels begin to “seal”, a stroke or heart attack occurs.

Let's take a closer look at what human blood is and its functions, what thick blood is and the reasons that contribute to increased blood viscosity.

*Normal human blood viscosity*

Hemoscanning - diagnostics using a drop of live blood

Currently, new diagnostic methods are emerging to help identify the cause of the disease.

* Hemoscanning - diagnostics using a drop of live blood *

One of these methods is hemoscanning - diagnostics using a drop of live blood on a dark-field microscope at a magnification of more than 1000x in the presence of the patient.

Hemoscanning as a diagnosis using a drop of human living blood makes it possible to assess the state of the immune system.

Contraindications to hemoscanning of blood:

The hemoscanning technique has no contraindications for use.

Blood viscosity test: blood plasma proteins prothrombin and fibrinogen are not critical

Blood viscosity is a very important blood indicator that determines the maximum service life of the heart and blood vessels. The higher the viscosity of the blood, the faster the heart wears out. And by increasing blood pressure, the heart tests the strength of blood vessels, the resistance of blood vessels to heart attack and stroke.

What does a blood viscosity test tell you? The answer to a very simple question. Will you wake up tomorrow or not? Those. go to work or at the entrance of your company there will only be your obituary. Blood viscosity varies over a very wide range. At the same time, the condition of the blood is influenced by many factors. A critical increase in blood viscosity puts the entire cardiovascular system and its owner on the brink of survival.

The increase in blood viscosity must withstand the power of the heart muscle (without acute heart failure, decrease or increase in blood pressure levels). And the strength of blood vessels without acute vascular insufficiency in the form of myocardial infarction, ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. Those. An increase in blood viscosity increases cardiac risk or the risk of sudden death.

It is traditionally believed that blood viscosity is determined only by the blood plasma proteins prothrombin and fibrinogen. Those. to assess blood viscosity, they are guided by the level of prothrombin, which should be at the lower limit of the normal range in%, and the amount of fibrinogen within the range of 2-4 g/l.

However, an equally important indicator is the erythrocyte sedimentation reaction (ERS), or as it was previously called the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Those. the ability of blood cells to settle, forming plasma above the blood column. The reaction is assessed within 1 hour. The lower the ESR (ROE), the higher the blood viscosity. And many rejoice when they receive ROE (ESR) of 1-3 mm per hour! And at the same time, the viscosity of the blood is very high and the heart is forced to pump viscous blood with significant overload!

When a traditional blood viscosity test is performed, they usually only analyze the level of prothrombin and the amount of fibrinogen in the blood - i.e. rely on only part of the blood components, which determine the rheological properties or fluidity of the blood plasma, and not the blood as a whole! ROE (ESR) is also occasionally taken into account. Using a dark-field microscope, you can analyze a living drop of blood and identify other components of the blood that determine the ability of blood to easily move through the vessels. And also what kind of load the heart muscle and blood vessels experience when ensuring blood circulation itself.

Prothrombin and fibrinogen are the most abundant proteins in blood plasma. And blood plasma represents approximately 50% of blood volume. And by assessing only these two components, only part of the factors determining blood viscosity is revealed.

The amount of albumin proteins also affects blood viscosity. Although albumins do not take part in the work of the blood coagulation system, they play an important role - they bind various toxins and promote their transfer to the main excretory organs - the liver and kidneys. Those. promote self-cleansing of the body, cleansing the blood of various toxins. The amount of albumin in the blood affects not only blood viscosity, but also the tendency to allergic diseases and the activity of nonspecific immunity.

Increase or decrease in the number of red blood cells in tests. ESR

Red blood cells and their significance in tests: decrease and increase in the number of red blood cells in a general blood test and in urine analysis. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and its meaning.

Erythrocytes (red blood cells, rbc) are the most numerous blood cells that perform the function of transporting oxygen and nutrients to tissues and organs. Red blood cells contain large amounts of the red pigment hemoglobin, which is able to bind oxygen in the lungs and release it in the body tissues. A decrease in the number of red blood cells in the blood is a sign of anemia. An increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood can be observed with severe dehydration, as well as with erythremia.

The appearance of red blood cells in the urine can occur with inflammation of the urinary system (kidneys, bladder).

What are red blood cells?

Erythrocytes, or red blood cells, are the most numerous blood cells. Red blood cells have a regular disc-shaped shape. At the edges of the red blood cell, it is slightly thicker than in the center, and on a section it looks like a biconcave lens, or dumbbell. This structure of the red blood cell helps it to be maximally saturated with oxygen and carbon dioxide when passing through the human bloodstream. The formation of red blood cells occurs in the red bone marrow, under the influence of a special kidney hormone - erythropoietin. Mature red blood cells circulating in the blood do not contain a nucleus or organelles, and cannot synthesize hemoglobin and nucleic acids. Red blood cells are characterized by a low level of metabolism, which determines their long lifespan, on average 120 days. Over the course of 120 days from the moment red blood cells leave the red bone marrow and enter the bloodstream, they gradually wear out. At the end of this period, “old” red blood cells are deposited and destroyed in the spleen and liver. The process of formation of new red blood cells in the red bone marrow is ongoing, therefore, despite the destruction of old red blood cells, the total number of red blood cells in the blood remains constant.

Red blood cells consist mainly (2/3) of hemoglobin - a special protein containing iron, the main function of which is the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Hemoglobin is red, which determines the characteristic color of red blood cells and blood.

The main functions of red blood cells are the transfer of oxygen from the lungs to the tissues of the body and carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs; they also perform nutritional and protective functions and maintain the acid-base balance in the blood.

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Nutrition for high blood viscosity

Thick blood means that its viscosity is increased. Viscosity is influenced by many factors. This is vascular damage, impaired liver function, leading to deviations in the chemical composition and increased plasma viscosity, a change in the normal state of the cell membranes of red blood cells and platelets, which leads to increased adhesion of these cells.

The ratio of cell mass and liquid part of the blood may be disrupted. High blood viscosity increases the risk of thrombosis in the heart and blood vessels.

Blood thinning is facilitated by diet and a special drinking regime. You should drink at least 1.5 liters of fluid per day. The healthiest options are green tea or herbal teas (as recommended by your doctor), natural vegetable and fruit juices, and water. It is especially recommended to drink natural red grape juice. Due to its high content of bioflavonoids, it is considered a balm for the cardiovascular system.

Nutrition should be balanced in proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, macro- and microelements. In order to provide the body with material for renewing and restoring the membranes of blood cells and vascular walls, it is important to obtain complete proteins with a full set of essential amino acids. Although meat is an important source of complete protein, it contains saturated fat, the consumption of which should be limited so as not to interfere with the stable process of reducing blood viscosity. The main source of protein should be fish, especially sea fish, dairy products and eggs. Chicken or turkey is included in the diet 2 times a week.

An additional source of omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids is flaxseed oil, which can be taken 1 tbsp. spoon a day. Prostaglandins synthesized from these acids reduce cholesterol levels and thin the blood.

Another important source of fat is unrefined, cold-pressed olive oil, which contains a large amount of biologically active substances. To thin the blood, products containing the amino acid taurine are recommended. Most taurine is found in seafood and fish: squid, shellfish, shrimp, tuna, flounder. The required dose (at least 2 times a week) is 200 g of squid or raw flounder. When cooked, the amount of taurine in food decreases sharply. Therefore, to obtain the required dose, doctors advise using drugs or high-quality dietary supplements with taurine.

Alt Elit laser radiation can improve blood viscosity!

A laser with a wavelength of 650 nm is used to irradiate blood. Laser radiation with a similar wavelength can be perceived by oxyhemoglobin and hemoglobin in the blood. Of all blood components, red blood cells make up 90 percent. Red blood cell aggregation is the most important factor affecting blood viscosity, especially when the number of cells is insufficient; at the same time, the ability to deform and directed movement of moving blood cells also affects blood viscosity, especially when there is an excess number of cells. In this regard, the entry of laser energy into the blood improves the function of red blood cells and their morphotropism, hemorheological properties of blood, and reduces blood viscosity. Consequently, the body can receive the necessary blood supply, oxygen supply improves, especially in the final sections of the microcirculation. According to the study, the use of 650 nm laser can reduce blood viscosity and platelet accumulation, improve the deformability of red blood cells, and prevent and participate in the treatment of cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases. In particular, it will lead to changes in the structure and function of the cell membrane, causing a slight redistribution of electrical charges on the surface of enzyme receptors and increasing membrane stability. Thus, the device reduces blood viscosity and platelet accumulation, and also enhances the deformability of red blood cells. Moreover, it can cause changes in platelet A2 (TXA2) and prostaglandin 12 (PG12), inhibit platelet accumulation, regulate blood vessel function, and prevent the development of thrombotic conditions.

During hemoscanning, a drop of capillary blood is taken by simply pricking the fingertip with a disposable needle and immediately examined under a microscope at 800x magnification. The patient, together with the doctor, sees the life of the blood on the monitor screen.

When red blood cells stick together (oxidation of the body), organs located far from the heart are especially affected, since they are supplied by small-diameter blood vessels - kidneys, eyes, lower limbs.

The clumping of red blood cells (oxidation of the body) leads to hypertension, heart attacks and strokes. Due to the clumping of red blood cells into conglomerates, the properties of the blood change and the blood flow slows down. In order to maintain the speed of blood flow, the body has to put force on the blood vessels - therefore, blood pressure rises - hypertension develops. When the body oxidizes, the heart has to work with increased load - this leads to heart attacks and strokes.

The clumping of red blood cells (oxidation of the body) also leads to diseases due to the deposition of waste and salts: arthrosis, gout, arteriosclerosis. When the body oxidizes, the elimination of toxins slows down. To get rid of them in the bloodstream, the body looks for suitable “storage sites.” First of all, connective and cartilaginous tissues become such - this is how cellulite and arthrosis arise, then it comes to vital organs - blood vessels - with the deposition of waste in the arteries and veins, arteriosclerosis develops.

If you have the opportunity, then analyze a drop of your blood under a microscope before and after laser irradiation with an Alt Elit nasal laser device, you will understand that we do not joke with health and guarantee you that everything that is written about the wonderful effectiveness of this device - not just PR, but the pure truth.

The efficiency of the Nasal Pulsating Laser directly depends on the intensity of the laser radiation (glow) - the richer and brighter it is, the higher the efficiency of this device. The greater the likelihood of laser radiation entering the blood, bypassing the thickness of the skin obstacle that stands in its way.

Thick blood - hyperviscosity syndrome

Thick blood: the meaning of the concept

Thick blood, the non-medical name for hyperviscosity syndrome (HVS), refers to a change in consistency toward thickening. With increased viscosity, an increase in hematocrit (the ratio between formed elements and plasma) is observed. This deviation is caused by:

Factors affecting blood viscosity can be divided into several groups:

Insufficient quantity and poor quality of water. 85% of blood is water. The viscosity index directly depends on the amount of liquid consumed and its quality characteristics. Dehydration of the body and, as a result, thickening of the blood occurs:

• with insufficient water regime;
• due to climatic conditions (heat in summer and dry indoor air in winter);
• when drinking low-quality tap water;

Poor nutrition. Excessive consumption of sweets increases glucose levels, causing blood to thicken. A protein-rich diet (rice, legumes, eggs, etc.) leads to undigested amino acid residues entering the bloodstream, which can significantly increase the viscosity index. Eating too much fat raises cholesterol, making your blood fatty. Another good reason is environmentally unclean products. Heavy metals and pesticides suppress enzymatic activity and, when combined with protein molecules, form compounds that “slag” the blood. The lack of vitamins (C, B) and minerals entering the body negatively affects the synthesis of enzymes, and impaired digestion of food leads to the appearance of PWS.

Problems with blood vessels. Changes in the walls of blood vessels lead to a decrease in the antithrombogenic function of their inner layer (intima). The leader of vascular pathology is varicose veins.

Renal pathology. Leads to the accumulation of protein breakdown products (strong acids) in the blood due to their incomplete removal and acidification of the blood.

Gastrointestinal diseases. The consequence of liver dysfunction (cirrhosis, hepatitis) is inadequate synthesis of blood proteins, a change in its chemical composition, which causes the regulatory and transport functions to suffer. Pathologies associated with reduced enzymatic activity (pancreatitis, cholecystitis, dysbacteriosis, etc.) lead to inadequate breakdown of food and the appearance of under-oxidized elements in the bloodstream.

Pregnancy. The body's inability to cope with the stress of pregnancy often manifests itself as PWS. In this case, increased viscosity is a compensatory reaction that prevents miscarriage and complications during childbirth (bleeding).

Medicinal drugs, herbs. Diuretics, contraceptives and hormonal drugs lead to blood thickening. It is important to remember that some herbs (nettle, motherwort, corn silk, yarrow, St. John's wort, etc.) have the property of thickening the blood, so their uncontrolled use is fraught with consequences.

Pathological conditions. Oncology (myelomas and some types of leukemia), diabetes mellitus/diabetes insipidus, thermal burns in the acute stage.

Stress, bad habits. A tense nervous state (permanent or spontaneous) leads to an increase in adrenaline in the blood, under the influence of which blood vessels constrict. Blood pressure rises and blood thickens. Alcohol, drugs, smoking only worsen the situation.

Symptoms of increased blood viscosity

PWS is not an independent pathology; the syndrome is only a sign of many pathologies. Usually, the presence of PWS is detected during testing; the clinical picture of thick blood is blurred and depends on the causative disease. Blood thickening leads to a slowdown in blood flow and hypoxia of all organs, however, the brain reacts most quickly to a lack of oxygen. Therefore, the first signs of PWS are neurological in nature:

• headache, tinnitus, blurred vision;
• chronic fatigue and malaise;
• numbness, goosebumps, tingling and coldness in the extremities;
• depression, drowsiness.

Often, thick blood is accompanied by high blood pressure, the appearance of nodules in the veins, and frequent nosebleeds.

Why is thick blood dangerous?

A serious pathology that leads to blood thickening leads to no less serious consequences that pose a threat to life. SPV means that a person is threatened by:

• thrombosis of small vessels with tissue necrosis;
• thrombosis of the portal vein, mesenteric vessels;
• stroke;
• ischemic heart attack;
• bleeding (if the reasons for the increase in viscosity are pathologies in which the number of platelets is low, such as untreatable leukemia, myeloma).

The risk of developing complications directly depends on the severity of the pathology that gave rise to PWS.

Diagnostics

Increased viscosity is detected by the following laboratory blood tests:

1. General analysis (increase in red blood cells, hemoglobin, ESR).
2. Hematocrit or viscosity analysis (calculation of the ratio of the volume of formed elements and plasma).
3. Determination of blood clotting.
4. Coagulogram (blood test that determines the state of hemostasis).
5. Determination of APTT - an indicator of activated partial thromboplastin time.

The normal blood viscosity ranges from 1.4-1.8. Clinically, PWV manifests itself at levels of 4 and above. An increase in viscosity level to 8 or higher is accompanied by pronounced symptoms.

Important! Diagnosis is made only on the basis of laboratory confirmation

Treatment regimen

There is no precisely defined treatment for PWS, because the reasons that caused it are etiologically diverse. However, there is a clearly defined plan of action:

1. Treatment of the underlying pathology.
2. Correction of nutrition and water regime.
3. Antiplatelet therapy - preventive use of blood thinners (drugs containing aspirin - Magnekard, Cardiomagnyl, etc.)

How to thin thick blood at home?

A slight increase in blood viscosity, provided there are no serious reasons, can be managed with home remedies. Among medicinal herbs that thin the blood, gingo bilobo is considered the world leader. However, an equally effective plant grows in Russia. Meadowsweet (herbal infusion) is a powerful herbal remedy that improves blood circulation (especially brain circulation!). Other folk remedies: infusion of sweet clover (yellow), horse chestnut, clover, hawthorn, etc.

What to do and what is the most appropriate way to eat are two important questions that should be addressed when identifying PWS. The diet should include garlic, wheat germ, flaxseed oil, lemon, ginger, nuts (daily dose - 30 g) and cranberries, seafood, cocoa/chocolate. It is advisable to exclude sugar, fatty foods, white bread, canned food and carbonated drinks from your diet as much as possible.

Increased blood viscosity in humans is a serious incentive to examine the entire body and begin treatment. In order to avoid thrombosis and complications of the causative pathology, you should periodically monitor your blood composition and adjust your diet by increasing the volume of fluid consumed to 2 liters at the first signs of thick blood.

Comments

Is high hemoglobin 146 in a 65-year-old woman a violation of the norm?

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Chubeiko Vera Olegovna - general practitioner, cardiologist, candidate of medical sciences. Ask a Question

Blood pressure 140 over 100, pulse 90 or 100. What is this?

Intestines hurt. Not much. Around the navel. Aching pain for 3 days. When I fall asleep, it hurts.

Causes of thick blood, treatment

The body's circulatory system performs a transport function, delivering oxygen and nutrients to cells and tissues. Any pathological processes affecting it lead to disruption of the functioning of internal organs. Thick blood indicates a violation of its composition.

This pathological condition is characterized by the following symptoms:

• increased red blood cell volume;
• increase in hemoglobin level;
• increase in the concentration of formed elements and plasma (hematocrit).

Before finding out why a person develops thick blood, it should be noted that the indicators described above change as people grow older.

About the pathological condition

The decision about what to do with thick blood depends on the reasons that provoked this condition. It is important to understand that the problem under consideration is not a separate disease. It is a symptom that indicates the occurrence of a serious pathology in the human body.

Blood consists of two components:

• blood cells, or formed elements, on which the thickness of the liquid depends;
• plasma, which makes up the liquid part.

Normally, the density of the former is 1092–1095, the latter - 1024–1050. That is, the concentration of formed elements always exceeds the volume of plasma content. The latter consists of approximately 91% water and 9% dry matter. In addition to these cells, the blood contains various proteins and salts.

The ratio of the concentration of formed elements to plasma, known as the hematocrit number, differs between men and women. This is explained by the physiological characteristics of their organisms.

The thickness, or viscosity, of blood depends on the concentration of two components: fibrinogen and prothrombin. However, this figure may increase following an increase in the amount of cholesterol, glucose and other elements.

What leads to an increase in hematocrit

Thick blood can be caused by various pathological processes. Similar factors provoke an increase in hematocrit in men and women. But in the first case, the problem under consideration occurs more often due to the reasons described above.

The following reasons are identified that contribute to an increase in hematocrit:

Dehydration

Dehydration occurs due to:

• insufficient fluid intake into the human body;
• renal pathologies;
• course of diabetes mellitus;
• fever;
• living in a region with high ambient temperatures;
• continuous vomiting caused by severe intoxication or other pathological processes;
• persistent diarrhea resulting from food poisoning;
• chronic pyelonephritis.

Dehydration also threatens a person with diseases that are accompanied by an increase in body temperature. This reaction of the body is designed to normalize the patient’s condition, resulting in increased sweating and frequent urination.

Long-term use of medications

A number of drugs (mostly synthetic drugs) with long-term use have a negative effect on the condition of the blood: its plasma gradually loses its liquid part, which ultimately leads to an increase in hematocrit. Such phenomena can be caused by:

• drugs used to treat pathologies of the adrenal cortex (for example, hydrocortisone);
• contraceptives taken orally;
• diuretics;
• medications intended to restore erectile function.

These tablets can be used only after agreeing on the course of treatment with your doctor and in the dosage prescribed by the specialist.

Metabolic disorders

In case of gastric, intestinal and liver pathologies, some of the metabolic products are insufficiently oxidized and enter the circulatory system in this form. This leads to an increase in the content of formed elements, including glucose, while maintaining the same plasma concentration.

As a result, the volume of proteins in the circulatory system decreases, which subsequently provokes the release of water from the blood into fatty tissue. This problem is indicated by the appearance of edema.

Respiratory problems

Impaired functioning of the respiratory system causes a decrease in the amount of oxygen entering the body. The lack of this substance provokes the onset of hypoxia and blood oxidation.

The latter circumstance negatively affects the viability of formed elements: they begin to accumulate in the vessels. As a result, against the background of hypoxia, the process of breakdown of blood cells and the release of products that worsen the course of the pathological condition are accelerated.

Increased cholesterol

An increase in the amount of cholesterol in the blood is known as hypercholesterolemia. This process helps to increase the hematocrit. In this case, a change in blood viscosity occurs against the background of the active entry into the plasma of not only cholesterol, but also other elements: triglycerides, lipoproteins.

Infection of the body

This process is due to the fact that some leukocytes are constantly located in the submucosal layer of the intestine. This organization allows you to avoid the state of overcrowding of blood vessels. However, in case of helminthic or infectious pathology, leukocytes return to the bloodstream, as a result of which the viscosity of the liquid increases.

Nervous strain

Strong experiences lead to an increase in the level of various components in the bloodstream: cholesterol, glucose and other elements. At the same time, to increase hematocrit, it is necessary that a person regularly experiences nervous strain. Episodic stress has little effect on the state of the circulatory system.

At the same time, the regular release of adrenaline into the blood, which occurs against the background of nervous experiences, not only increases the hematocrit, but also negatively affects the functions of the bone marrow.

Other factors

There are quite a few factors that provoke the appearance of thick blood. These also include:

• negative environmental influences, smoking, exposure to carbon dioxide and exhaust gases;
• antiphospholipid syndrome;
• erythremia, in which the level of red blood cells increases;
• leukemia;
• myeloma;
• cirrhosis of the liver;
• hepatitis;
• pancreatitis;
• phlebeurysm;
• thermal burns.

Poor nutrition is another fairly common cause of blood thickening. The appearance of this consequence is explained by the fact that after products have entered the body, the immune system releases many cells to cleanse them of foreign elements. That is, after each meal a person’s blood becomes a little thicker.

In newborns

In a newborn, blood parameters differ significantly from those in adults and children over the age of one year. They normalize over time. In particular, newborns have high levels of hemoglobin and red blood cells.

These phenomena are due to the fact that the child’s body finds itself in an unfamiliar environment and reacts accordingly. By about a year, all indicators are restored and approach those of adults.

Gestation period

When carrying a child, serious changes occur in a woman’s body. A number of them are necessary for the full formation of the fetus. However, some changes negatively affect the condition of both the mother and the unborn child. One of them is thick blood during pregnancy.

An increase in hematocrit in women occurs for the following reasons:

• individual physiological characteristics;
• reduction in water supply;
• insufficient consumption of vitamins and minerals, which are used in large quantities for the formation of the fetus;
• lack of enzymes;
• taking iron-containing medications prescribed against the background of low hemoglobin;
• active consumption of foods rich in protein compounds and carbohydrates;
• active work of the spleen.

In addition, thick blood during pregnancy occurs due to a number of pathologies:

• large blood loss;
• increased coagulability, which quite often leads to miscarriages;
• pathologies of the kidneys, liver and intestines;
• strong pain.

Often, the hematocrit in pregnant women increases for a short period of time under the influence of a separate factor. But when they are combined, the woman’s condition worsens sharply.

It is important to understand that thick blood in pregnant women is the body’s protective reaction against blood loss during childbirth. That is, during pregnancy, all women’s hematocrit temporarily increases. We can talk about the seriousness of this problem only if the concentration of plasma and formed elements significantly exceeds the permissible norm.

Possible complications

Most often, thick blood is diagnosed in older people. This is explained by the fact that over time the human body copes with its functions worse, as a result of which decay products are excreted in a smaller volume. Due to thick blood, the load on the cardiovascular system increases, which ultimately leads to the occurrence of corresponding pathologies.

The risk of developing complications with the problem under consideration directly depends on the reasons that caused it.

Consequences in adults

It was said above that with thick blood there is a decrease in blood flow. This problem is especially pronounced at the level of small vessels. As a result, fluid stagnation occurs, which leads to:

• reducing the supply of oxygen and nutrients to cells;
• stagnation of under-oxidized products;
• release of radicals.

The described processes contribute to disruption of homeostasis and the occurrence of hypoxia.

In addition, due to the slowing of blood flow, the permeability of the vascular walls increases. This circumstance is one of the main reasons:

• formation of atherosclerotic plaques;
• gluing blood clots together, which becomes a prerequisite for the occurrence of thrombosis.

These processes provoke:

• myocardial infarction;
• brain stroke;
• thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery system;
• fatal outcome.

As the pathological process under consideration develops, thickening of the myocardial walls is observed, followed by their thinning. As a result, heart failure develops.

Reduced blood flow also contributes to the appearance of hypertension (high blood pressure) and frequent bleeding.

Consequences during pregnancy

The consequences for a child during pregnancy against the background of the development of the pathological process in question will be much more severe than for a woman. Thick blood causes the following negative effects:

• varicose veins affecting the lower extremities;
• hypoxia of a still unformed child;
• thrombosis, strokes, heart attacks;
• disorders in child development;
• suspension of pregnancy progress;
• miscarriage.

If you do not take any measures to thin the thick blood, the likelihood of the child’s death will be extremely high.

Clinical picture

The problem under consideration does not have specific symptoms. That is, the symptoms of thick blood are not classified as a separate group. The following signs may indicate the occurrence of an increased hematocrit:

• strong thirst;
• drying of mucous membranes and skin;
• the appearance of shortness of breath;
• low exercise tolerance, muscle weakness;
• active heartbeat for no obvious reason;
• the appearance of unpleasant sensations localized behind the chest;
• heaviness in the head;
• feeling of chills in the extremities.

A child with thick blood becomes more whiny and drowsy.

Ways to identify the problem

Before considering how to thin thick blood, you should look at ways to identify this problem. For these purposes, the following activities are carried out:

• general blood analysis;
• coagulogram, mandatory for pregnant women in case of detection of a pathological condition;
• biochemical analysis;
• glucose tolerance test;
• Analysis of urine.

All studies are carried out to determine the level of formed elements and their deviation from normal values.

Drug therapy

Treatment of thick blood involves taking measures aimed at both thinning it and suppressing the cause. To achieve these goals, the following are appointed:

• procedures to restore metabolism;
• drugs that prevent the formation of blood clots;
• measures to eliminate tumor formations.

The following drugs play an active role in eliminating the problem under consideration:

1. Aspirin, Cardiomagnyl, Dipyridamole and Tirofiban. They help thin the blood and normalize blood flow. These drugs are not prescribed for the following pathologies:
   • ulcers of the stomach and duodenum;
   • bronchial asthma;
   • liver dysfunction;
   • hypertension;
   • presence of allergies to drug components;
   • pregnancy.
2. If these pathologies are detected, these drugs are replaced with others: Neodicoumarin, Warfarin, Heparin.

It is important to note that the simultaneous use of drugs of the first and second groups is prohibited. Treatment of thick blood is carried out under the control of a coagulogram.

Therapy of the pathological process also includes measures and drugs designed to eliminate the underlying disease. Therefore, the treatment regimen is determined depending on the patient’s individual indicators.

Normalization of nutrition

In order to thin the blood, it is recommended that pregnant women and other patients review their daily diet. A diet for the problem under consideration involves giving up certain foods. What is not allowed is determined by the attending physician based on the patient’s individual indicators.

Dietary nutrition includes the following conditions:

1. Active consumption of liquids. Every day the patient needs to drink up to 1.5–2 liters of fluid. It is recommended to opt for clean, still water. The liquid itself must be consumed throughout the day.
2. Reduce your salt intake. It prevents the removal of fluid from the body, which causes the formation of edema.
3. There are more products with ascorbic acid. It promotes rapid blood thinning. Ascorbic acid can be found in berries, fruits (grapefruit, lime, lemon), red and orange vegetables.
4. Add a variety of spices to your diet. It is recommended to use as a seasoning for dishes:
   • turmeric;
   • oregano;
   • dill;
   • ginger;
   • thyme.
5. Use rapeseed, olive and linseed oils.

During treatment you must avoid:

• milk and dairy products;
• meat products and preservation;
• egg yolk;
• chocolate, coffee and foods high in sugar;
• bakery products.

To supplement the diet, adjustments to daily physical activity towards their reduction are intended. However, you cannot completely abandon them.

ethnoscience

Treatment with folk remedies also gives positive results. It is recommended to use such products only after consulting a doctor.

willow bark

1. To prepare the medicine you will need a teaspoon of the plant and two glasses of boiling water. After mixing the ingredients, they must be placed on low heat and cooked for 20 minutes.
2. After this, the composition should infuse for six hours.
3. The finished medicine is taken one glass three times a day.

Ginger root

The plant must first be crushed, then mixed with a small amount of cinnamon and added to tea. The composition is taken no more than three times a day after meals.

Herbal collection

1. To thin the blood, you need to mix black currant leaves, hawthorn and rose hip berries, and calendula flowers in equal proportions.
2. After grinding, take four tablespoons of the prepared mixture and dilute with two glasses of boiling water. The composition is boiled for 20 minutes and infused for some time.
3. The finished product is taken every time after meals.

The above treatment regimens can be supplemented with hirudotherapy. It is permissible to resort to this procedure only after consulting a doctor, as it has many contraindications.

To prevent the problem under consideration, you can use tips that relate to dietary nutrition. Also, in order to prevent the formation of thick blood, it is recommended to exercise regularly, lead an active lifestyle and give up bad habits.

Drinking medicinal herbs is a great way! And most importantly, they act as they should! I drank it myself, I don’t remember what exactly. It seems to be a sweet clover, if I'm not mistaken. And I took a course of ginkum. Everything together helped.

There was constant drowsiness, he came tired after work. My wife sent me to the doctor. I was prescribed food and ginkum to drink. After a while everything got better, but I didn’t even suspect that the problem was the viscosity of the blood.

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We know well that it is necessary to prevent cardiovascular diseases, strengthen the heart muscle, and very often we do not pay attention to the condition of our blood. But the state of the entire cardiovascular system, and ultimately the health of the entire body, largely depends on the state of the blood.

Blood– this is the main living environment, on the quality of which all processes occurring in organs and cells depend.

Blood consists of two parts: plasma (the liquid part) and the formed elements suspended in it (erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets).

The main function of blood is the transport function. It involves the blood transporting respiratory gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide), hormones, minerals and many other substances to organs and tissues.

If the quality of blood is impaired, primarily thickening, acidification, increased cholesterol, blood sugar, etc., its transport function is hampered, which leads to disruption of redox processes throughout the body, including the heart, brain, liver, kidneys and etc. This is why it is so important to maintain blood quality within optimal homeostasis.

Causes of blood thickening

Very often, the main cause of thick blood is a lack of water in the body. If the body does not have enough water for its vital functions, it extracts it from the blood, which leads to a decrease in the mass of the liquid part of the blood and it becomes more viscous.

Diabetes, drinking alcohol, smoking, hypothermia and even stress can lead to blood thickening.

How does a person feel if his blood is thick?

Increased blood viscosity does not have any characteristic symptoms. Blood thickening is often accompanied by general weakness, drowsiness, headache, memory loss, confusion, fatigue, and depression. Many people experience dry mouth and increased blood pressure. Venous nodules may appear on the legs, and the extremities are constantly cold.

Such symptoms can occur in many other diseases, and we rarely associate our poor health with the presence of thick blood.

Sometimes there are no symptoms at all and hypercoagulation is discovered by chance during blood tests. This is why annual physical examinations are so important.

How can you confirm your fears that your blood is thick?

In order to determine whether your blood is really thick, you need to take the following tests: a general blood test, a test for blood clotting and bleeding duration, a coagulogram, hematocrit (the sum of all blood elements - red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, in relation to the total blood volume ).

Why is thick blood dangerous?

Thick blood leads to slower blood flow, which leads to oxygen starvation and disruption of organ trophism. The most dangerous consequence of increased blood viscosity is the formation of blood clots.

If you do not pay attention to the symptoms in time and do not eliminate the causes of blood thickening, very unpleasant consequences can occur.

Thick blood can cause hypertension, heart failure, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, heart attack and stroke.

More often, thick blood occurs, of course, in older people, but there is a tendency to increase the number of young and middle-aged people with this pathology. Increased blood viscosity is more common in men than in women. The risk of myocardial infarction is very high in young men with an increased number of red blood cells and hemoglobin who do not pay attention to their health. But by eliminating the causes of blood thickening, they could avoid it.

What to do if you have thick blood

To solve the problem of thick blood, doctors usually prescribe Aspirin (1/4 tablet per day) and other drugs based on it (Aspirin-cardio, Cardiopyrin, Cardiomagnyl, ThromboASS), as well as Coumadin (Warfarin).

I want to tell you on the prevention of blood thickening and treatment with folk remedies.

Many people drink very little pure water, replacing it with tea, coffee, and sweet soda. An adult should drink 2 - 2.5 liters of liquid per day, of which at least 1 liter should be clean water. Even more so in hot weather. Teach your children to drink water. Natural water is a very powerful remedy against blood thickening and blood clots. You can read more about the benefits of water.

Follow a diet for thick blood

If you have thick blood, you need to watch your diet. Eliminate fatty and fried foods, smoked foods, canned foods and marinades from your diet. Sugar and any other sweets are not recommended.

Blood thickening foods should be limited. Here is a list of them: meat broths, fatty meats, sausages, jellied meat, bananas, mangoes, cabbage, cream, white bread, chokeberries, viburnum, lentils, grape juice, rose hips, buckwheat.

But don’t be upset, there are a lot of delicious foods that, on the contrary, will help thin the blood.

Blood Thinning Products: garlic, beets, blueberries, raspberries, strawberries, apples, cherries, plums, lemon, orange, grapefruit, pomegranate, cucumbers, zucchini, tomatoes, red bell pepper, artichoke, sprouted wheat grains, sea fish, cocoa, dark chocolate, seeds sunflower.

To thin the blood, products containing the amino acid taurine are recommended. Most taurine is found in seafood (fish, shellfish, shrimp, etc.). These products must be consumed at least 2 – 3 times a week. Please note that when cooked, the amount of taurine in food is significantly reduced. Therefore, to obtain the required dose, you should take high-quality dietary supplements with taurine.

Eat seaweed regularly. Dry seaweed can be ground in a coffee grinder and eaten instead of regular salt.

An additional source of Omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids is flaxseed oil, which can be taken one tablespoon per day. Prostaglandins synthesized from these acids lower cholesterol levels and thin the blood. Olive oil (unrefined, cold pressed) has the same properties.

Walnut increases blood viscosity, but in combination with other herbs it is used in the treatment of atherosclerosis, varicose veins, consequences of stroke, etc. The same applies to Sophora japonica.

Large amounts of salt increase blood viscosity.

Physical activity

Don't forget about physical activity. To maintain a healthy circulatory system, you need to move. This could be running, swimming, fitness, dancing, yoga - any sport that suits your taste.

Running is the simplest and most accessible of them. Many people think that you need to run in the morning, but this is not true. In the morning, blood viscosity is increased and it is difficult for the heart to push it through the vessels, even without a load. It is better to run in the evenings, and in the morning you can do a light warm-up.

Quit smoking and alcohol

They significantly increase blood viscosity.

Attention! Diuretics, hormonal and contraceptive drugs, as well as Viagra, thicken the blood.

Medicinal herbs that thicken blood

These herbs include: plantain, shepherd's purse, knotweed, tansy, valerian, horsetail, St. John's wort, burnet, corn silk, nettle (fresh leaves). Herbs should be taken in courses and in no case constantly.

Medicinal herbs that thin the blood

To thin the blood in folk medicine, the following are used: wormwood, chicory, lungwort, meadowsweet, peony, hawthorn, lemon balm, red clover, ginkgo biloba, Caucasian dioscorea, willow bark, mulberry, acacia, sweet clover, horse chestnut (but only its peel, the chestnut fruits are very poisonous), aloe juice and Kalanchoe.

Traditional medicine recipes for thick blood

In folk medicine, there are many effective remedies that can replace Aspirin. I will share some of them with you.

1. Meadowsweet (meadowsweet).

1 tbsp. Pour a spoonful of meadowsweet into one glass of boiling water and leave for 30 minutes. Strain and drink like tea. Meadowsweet decoction is indicated for various problems with the blood and vascular system, and tumors. It improves memory, cleanses blood vessels, and has a sedative effect. Can replace Aspirin.

2. Horse chestnut.

Crush the horse chestnut fruits with a hammer and collect the brown peel. Throw away the fruits themselves (they are poisonous), and pour 50 g of the peel into 0.5 liters of vodka. Leave for 2 weeks in a dark place, then strain. Take one teaspoon 2-3 times a day, mixed with ¼ glass of warm water. Drink on an empty stomach. You can eat no earlier than 30 minutes after taking the tincture.

3. Nutmeg.

Grind the nutmeg. Pour 100 g of nutmeg into 0.5 liters of vodka. Leave in a dark place for 2 - 3 weeks, then strain. Drink 20 - 30 drops per ¼ glass of warm water, 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals.

4. Garlic, honey and lemon.

1/3 jar of finely chopped garlic and 2/3 vodka. Bank of any size. Infuse for 2 weeks in a dark place, shaking once every 2-3 days, then strain. Add honey and freshly squeezed lemon juice to the tincture in a 1:1:1 ratio. To stir thoroughly. Take one tablespoon 1 time per day before bed. Store in a cool, dark place.

Dietary supplements (BAA)

• Flavit – dihydroquercetin powder (obtained from the wood of Siberian larch and Dahurian larch). For prevention, take one capsule per day.
• Dihydroquercetin is made from the same raw materials. Take one tablet once a day.
• Capilar is the same raw material. Reduces blood viscosity. Take 1 - 2 tablets 3 times a day.

To prevent blood thickening, these drugs are used in courses of 3 weeks. The break between courses is 7 – 10 days.

Hirudotherapy for blood thickening

The most effective method of traditional medicine in the fight against high blood viscosity is hirudotherapy (treatment with leeches). Leeches, by injecting saliva containing many different enzymes (including hirudin), can significantly improve the properties of blood and reduce its viscosity.

The condition of the blood plays an extremely important role in the overall health of our body. And every adult needs to periodically monitor its composition and changes. This allows you to prevent various diseases and disorders, identify and correct them in a timely manner. One of the most important blood indicators is blood viscosity. The lifespan of the cardiovascular system depends on it. Let's talk about what the blood viscosity should be normally in a person.

What might a “person on the street” ask about viscosity? Well, the fact that a drop of jam flows down the wall of a mug slowly, and a drop of tea flows quickly, and also the fact that you won’t get stuck in the water, like in a swamp. In addition, you may remember that to reduce blood viscosity, its thickness, and to thin it, experts recommend drinking more water. That's all that comes to mind at first. Not many, however, associative comparisons and images that the word viscosity forms are correct.

What is dangerous about increased blood viscosity?

Blood is the most important fluid in our body. It flows through the vessels and carries with it a variety of nutrients and breakdown products. An increase in blood viscosity indicates that not all of its cells can fully perform their functions. At the same time, the tissues and organs of our body are faced with a deficiency of nutrients and become contaminated with decay products. And excess blood viscosity requires especially powerful work of the heart, which is why it simply wears out. In addition, its high viscosity in humans increases the likelihood of blood clots forming in various parts of the body, and this in turn can result in blockage of blood vessels, acute heart failure, heart attack or stroke.

A significant increase in blood viscosity is accompanied by an increase in blood pressure, general weakness, excessive fatigue and a feeling of weakness. Patients with this problem experience a sharp decrease in performance and constant drowsiness. If blood viscosity is not normalized, it later leads to the appearance of nodules in the veins and nosebleeds.

Many people also complain of constant coldness in the extremities, crawling sensations and stiffness in the legs. Absent-mindedness occurs, concentration decreases, dizziness and depression appear. If the viscosity is normal, then there are simply no such signs.

What is dangerous about a decrease in blood viscosity in humans?

Deviation from the norm in a downward direction can also harm a person. After all, low blood viscosity leads to it becoming more liquid. This is accompanied by a decrease in its coagulability. Accordingly, even a small wound can be complicated by severe bleeding and serious blood loss. With low blood viscosity, there is a decrease in blood pressure, as well as an increase in the size of the spleen. Quite often, with such a disorder, the patient periodically begins to bleed from the nose, gums, different parts of the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, etc. Blood loss usually leads to the development of iron deficiency anemia.

When is the best time to test blood for viscosity?

In order for the results of the study to be as accurate as possible, it must be carried out on an empty stomach - ten hours after a meal. In this case, it is better to avoid intense physical activity, not to consume excess water (more than usual) and to give up alcohol a day or two before donating blood.

Various research methods can be used to determine the level of blood viscosity. Most often, for diagnostic purposes, a coagulogram is performed - a set of tests, which take doctors one or two working days to evaluate and summarize.

What should be normal for a person in an analysis?

Coagulogram norms

Time it takes for blood to clot:

According to Lee-White - from five to ten minutes.
- According to Mass and Magro - from eight to twelve minutes.

Bleeding time:

According to Duke - from two to four minutes.
- According to Ivy - no more than eight minutes.
- According to Shitikova - no more than four minutes.

Other coagulogram indicators:

Thrombosed time according to Quick (PT) - from eleven to fifteen seconds;
- INR (stands for International Normalized Ratio - abbreviated INR) - from 0.82 to 1.18;
- activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) – from 22.5 to 35.5 seconds;
- activated recalcification time (abbreviated AVR) – from 81 to 127 sec;
- prothrombin index (abbreviated PTI) – from 73 to 122%;
- thrombin time (TT) from 14 to 21 seconds;
- soluble fibrin-monomer complexes (abbreviated RFMC) – from 0.355 to 0.479 U;
- antithrombin III (abbreviated AT III) – from 75.8 to 125.6%;
- D-dimer – from 250.1 to 500.55 ng/ml;
- fibrinogen – within 2.7-4.013g.

Additional Information

Unfortunately, not all doctors know how to correctly interpret a coagulogram and other similar studies to determine blood viscosity.

Many doctors rely on the prothrombin index to evaluate this criterion. c Normally, the viscosity according to its indicators should be approximately 73-100%. Experts also take into account the level of fibrinogen. It should be within 204 g/l.

Also, to assess blood viscosity, you can pay attention to the erythrocyte sedimentation reaction (abbreviated ESR) or the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). This criterion shows the ability of cells to settle, and the reaction is assessed over a certain time period. It is worth noting that too low ESR (ROE) indicators indicate high blood viscosity.

Normal blood viscosity when using a viscometer

A viscometer is a special device that helps determine the viscosity level of various substances. It is not always used, however, such a diagnostic method exists.

When using a viscometer, the blood viscosity for men is ideally 4.3 - 5.4 scale divisions, and for women, blood is normally thick at 3.9 - 4.9 scale divisions.