- breathing and vocalization. Laryngeal fibroma - which develops from connective tissue. Among all benign formations of the larynx, fibroma ranks first after polyps and papillomas. Since the main structural unit of the larynx is cartilage, which is essentially connective tissue, it is not surprising that this disease is the leader among neoplasms of this organ.

Risk factors and causes

The main reason for the development of laryngeal fibroma is prolonged overstrain of the vocal cords. As a rule, this is work-related - professional singers, actors and teachers are at risk.

This tumor can also be caused by:

• smoking;
• work in rooms with dry, hot air;
• systematic use of alcohol;
• nasal breathing disorders;
• genetic predisposition;
• chronic laryngitis;
• or vocal cords (for example, during intubation);
• acid reflux in stomach diseases.

According to statistics, middle-aged men are more often affected.

Fibroids, as benign tumors, are characterized by slow growth, non-invasiveness, and a low risk of malignancy. Its sizes are usually small. Macrologically, it is a shiny spherical formation of pink or reddish color on a narrow or wide stalk. Histologically, it is connective tissue, with a clearly defined capsule, covered with epithelium. The favorite localization of fibroids is the vocal cords. Very rarely they are found in other parts of the larynx.

Clinical manifestations and symptoms

• dry cough;
• rapid voice fatigue;
• pain when talking;
• breathing disorders,

There are cases when this disease is asymptomatic.

Diagnostics

If the otolaryngologist suspects fibroma, he will certainly examine the larynx using a laryngoscope. If necessary, an examination with an endoscope is prescribed.

Sometimes fibroma is detected by chance during examination of the bronchi or trachea. To clarify the histological structure, a biopsy is used.

Treatment

Treatment for fibroids is only surgical. Typically, fibroids are removed endoscopically through the larynx. Only if the tumor is large or difficult to access (it is located behind the vocal folds), then removal is carried out through an incision in the neck, which is extremely rare. The tumor is removed with forceps or a laryngeal loop. In addition to traditional surgical instruments, laser, ultrasound and cryodestruction are used.

An indicator of a successful operation is a clear voice without hoarseness. Conservative treatment not used due to fibroid growth and the possibility of malignancy.

Treatment with traditional methods

ethnoscience can offer the following remedies for the treatment of fibroids:

• Mix a tablespoon of honey, aloe juice and propolis, gargle three times a day.
• Pour a pinch of dry St. John's wort herb into a glass of boiling water, after 40 minutes gargle six to seven times a day for a month.
• Pour a pinch of orris fork root into a glass of water and boil for 15 minutes. Drink half a glass before meals (three to four times a day).

It should be remembered that folk methods- This is only an addition to traditional medicine.

Inna Bereznikova

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The vocal cords are a muscular fold of the mucous membrane and are located in its center. is a benign tumor that affects the vocal cord area. This disease often occurs among professional actors, teachers, and singers, and occurs as a result of regular, long-term overstrain of the vocal cords.

The size of the tumor can reach one centimeter. May occur in different places larynx, but most often located directly on the vocal cords. Fibroma is non-invasive and does not metastasize.

It is important to know! Mostly occurs in middle-aged men.

Typically the tumor is pink or gray, but there are exceptions. For example, if its structure contains a lot blood vessels, then it takes on a red or purplish-blue hue. There are two types of fibroids:

• solid (little liquid and high density);
• (lots of liquid and low density).

As a rule, fibroids grow very slowly and are no larger than a pea in size. There are cases when the disease is located on a kind of thin stalk; in this case, during a conversation, it vibrates and causes discomfort in the speaker, and also interferes with normal operation ligaments This leads to coughing, wheezing, aphonia and other unpleasant effects. In particular in rare cases may make breathing difficult.

Causes of fibroma

It is important to know! main reason The occurrence of this type of tumor is overload of the vocal cords.

Alcohol abuse, which can dry out the mucous membrane of the larynx, significantly increases the risk of fibroids. The chances of developing this type of tumor increase if you have recently had a breathing tube inserted, and heredity can also affect the cause of fibroids.

Also, the mucous membrane suffers in people who smoke, over time it becomes blood-filled and thickened, which is favorable conditions for the occurrence of tumors. The risk is also higher for those people who spend a long time in dusty or polluted rooms, the mucous membranes dry out, a cough appears, constant dryness in the mouth.

The reason for the occurrence this disease can also serve hormonal disorder, it is extremely difficult to understand the cause of fibroma. Sometimes it's not there at all.

Symptoms

It is important to know! The main symptoms of fibroids can be considered neck pain and persistent hoarseness.

Besides this type tumors can cause the appearance of false ligaments, as they take over their function. In this case, the patient's voice improves, but it sounds lower and less clear. And if we take into account the fact that with the participation of the false vocal cords the muscles or muscles of the larynx tense, the patient experiences pain in the front of the larynx.

Fibroma cannot always be noticed; sometimes there are no manifestations of symptoms of a tumor and sometimes it is diagnosed by chance when medical examination. If you have found this disease, we recommend that you contact an otolaryngologist who will perform a mirror laryngoscopy.

The main difference between fibroma and malignant formation its high mobility of the ligament and tumor pedicle is considered. But just in case, after removing the node, medical specialist holds histological examination.

Treatment of vocal cord fibroids

It is important to know! This tumor may become malignant.

The only way to treat it is to remove it with special tools. After the operation, you are prohibited from drinking or eating hot foods for a week.

Treatment in addition to the main one is also possible - folk remedies. Inflammation in the larynx will be helped by various medicinal herbs that are used to make tea, ointments or decoction. They treat damaged areas, relieve damage, and also slow down the growth of cancer cells.

The most effective herbs For the treatment of fibroma, birch leaves, bay leaves, plantain, and violet can be considered. We recommend starting to use them in the initial stages, in this case the treatment will be more effective. You can also prepare a tincture of birch sap or propolis and gargle with it every day for about two hours - three times in a day.

Prevention

The recurrence of fibroids can be avoided if you prevent diseases respiratory tract, as well as the stomach. It is highly desirable from such bad habits, such as smoking and alcohol abuse, which negatively affect the condition of the mucous membrane and increase the risk of fibroid reappearance significantly. You can also do voice and breathing exercises, which will also serve as prevention.

Ovarian fibroids and its symptoms

The larynx is part of the respiratory system and consists of a breathing tube and a voice apparatus. The vocal cords are a muscular fold of the laryngeal mucosa and are located in its middle part.

Vocal cord fibroma is the most common type of benign fibroma affecting the vocal cord area. She happens to be occupational disease in people of speech professions (singers, speakers, teachers) and occurs as a result of prolonged regular overstrain of the ligaments.

Laryngeal fibroma is non-invasive, does not ulcerate, and does not metastasize. It is a fibrous connective tissue covered flat epithelium. It has a thin stem and can sometimes be located on a wide base. The neoplasm has the shape of a ball ranging in size from a few millimeters to a centimeter. This is a single node located on top surface or free edge vocal cord.

Fibroma can occur in various departments larynx, but is more often localized on the true vocal cords, namely on the free edge at the anterior commissure or between the anterior and middle thirds, rarely on the lower or upper surface of the vocal fold.

Usually fibroma gray or pinkish color, but if there are many blood vessels in its structure, it may be red or purplish-blue (angiofibroma). There are two types of fibroids: soft and dense. With hyaline degeneration of the connective fibers of the tumor, a solid fibroma is formed. If the neoplasm contains a large number of liquid and little dense component, a soft, edematous fibroma of a gelatinous appearance, also called a polyp, is formed. It is usually located on a long stem.

Fibroids are more common in middle-aged men. They grow slowly and rarely reach large sizes, usually they are no larger than a pea. If the fibroma is located on a thin stalk, it floats during conversation and breathing, preventing the normal closure of the ligaments. This can lead to aphonia, hoarseness, diplophonia, and sometimes causes breathing difficulties.

Causes of vocal cord fibroids

The main cause of vocal cord fibroids is vocal overload, that is, overstrain of the cords. Thus, the specifics of the work sometimes leave an imprint on teachers and singers. Abuse of alcohol, which dries out the mucous membrane of the larynx, significantly increases the likelihood of a neoplasm.

In smokers, the mucous membrane changes over time, it becomes thickened and filled with blood, which contributes to the appearance of neoplasms. People who often stay for long periods of time in dusty rooms with dry air or dry air are also susceptible to the disease. harmful fumes. This leads to thinning of the mucous membrane and disruption of the functioning of its glands. There is a sore throat, constant dryness, and cough.

The main symptoms of fibroma of the vocal cords are persistent hoarseness in the voice and sometimes pain in the neck. Fibroma can cause enlargement of the false vocal cords, since they partially take over the function of voice formation.

In such cases, the previously hoarse patient’s voice improves, but it is still rougher, lower than before and does not sound as clear as before. And since the external auxiliary muscles of the larynx are constantly tensed with the participation of the false vocal cords, the patient experiences a sensation of pain in the front of the neck.

Difficulty breathing can also indicate the presence of vocal cord fibroids. This happens when the tumor reaches considerable size.

Diagnosis of vocal cord fibroids

Due to the fact that the disease can occur without any symptoms at all, it is sometimes diagnosed by chance during the next otolaryngological examination. If symptoms appear, you should visit an otolaryngologist. The doctor will perform a mirror laryngoscopy.

Typically, complete mobility of the ligament and tumor pedicle are the main differences between fibroids and malignant neoplasm. However, to fully clarify the benignity of the tumor, its histological examination is carried out after removal of the node.

Treatment of vocal cord fibroids

Since vocal cord fibroids can become malignant, the only treatment is to remove them. Removal is carried out the following tools: laryngeal loop, guillotine, various forceps. In this case, blood loss is negligible.

After surgery, you should not take hot food or drink for several days. Also, you cannot raise your voice during the week, and for people in speech professions the period increases to two to three weeks. After the tumor is removed, the voice immediately becomes clear. The prognosis is favorable.

Expert editor: Mochalov Pavel Alexandrovich| Doctor of Medical Sciences general practitioner

Education: Moscow medical institute them. I. M. Sechenov, specialty - "General Medicine" in 1991, in 1993 " Occupational diseases", in 1996 "Therapy".

The larynx is one of the parts respiratory system, representing a voice apparatus with a breathing tube. In the middle of the larynx there is a muscular fold - the vocal cords.

Provide at least schematic anatomical structure organ is needed to understand what symptoms indicate problems.

Vocal cords are striking laryngeal fibroma , especially, this applies to people whose professional activity associated with tension in the ligaments - these are singers, toastmasters, speakers, teachers, etc. The tumor is considered benign and does not metastasize or ulcer.

The formation consists of connective tissue fibers in a sheath of squamous epithelium. The tumor is attached to a thin stalk, sometimes on the base. Fibroids grow from a couple of millimeters to a centimeter. A single tumor nodule is located on the vocal cord at the top or attached to the free edge. Less commonly, the tumor is detected in other parts of the larynx.

Fibroids are divided into hard and soft varieties, the color can vary from gray to pink, with large cluster blood vessels, the color of the tumor becomes dark red, even blue.

Often laryngeal fibroids are detected in middle-aged representatives of the stronger sex. Tumors do not grow larger than a pea. When the fibroma is attached to the larynx by a thin stalk, during speaking or breathing it interferes with the normal closure of the ligaments, which leads to coughing, difficulty breathing, hoarseness and loss of voice.

Reasons for tumor formation

The main factor causing the formation of fibroids is considered to be tension in the ligaments over a long period of time. As mentioned above, actors, singers, and teachers are susceptible to the disease.

Other reasons that provoke the appearance benign neoplasms on the vocal cords are:

• prolonged stay in a room with hot dry air;
• smoking;
• alcohol abuse;
• problems with nasal breathing;
• heredity;
• injuries to the vocal cords and larynx;
• chronic laryngitis;
• frequent colds and viral infections in the throat.
  

Signs of fibroids in the throat

You can tell if you have fibroids by a hoarse voice that remains that way for a long time. Also a reason to go to the doctor would be pain in the neck or a change in the sound of your voice. The picture may appear brighter and disappear for a while. In addition, patients complain of the following symptoms:

• dry cough interspersed with blood particles;
• feeling of a lump in the throat;
• rapid fatigue of the vocal cords, the person begins to speak in a whisper;
• if you strain your voice, your larynx will hurt;
• breathing is impaired, up to suffocation.

Sometimes the disease occurs without symptoms, the fibroma is hidden behind the ligaments, appearing during coughing or when a person takes a deep breath.

Diagnosis of vocal cord fibroids

If the disease does not manifest itself, it can be detected during a preventive medical examination. To prevent complications, it would not hurt to visit an otolaryngologist once a year to examine the condition of the respiratory and hearing organs. During the examination, the doctor pays attention to areas that cause discomfort to the patient.

Mirror laryngoscopy together with endoscopy are used to evaluate the condition of the larynx. The tumor can be noticed as a result of examination of the bronchi and trachea, then a biopsy is performed to determine the nature of the tumor. Benign fibroids, unlike malignant tumors, have high mobility and the presence of a stalk.

Whatever the preliminary diagnosis regarding the nature of the tumor, after removal it is sent to the laboratory for examination.

Treatment of laryngeal fibroma

Conservative methods when detecting fibroma on the vocal cords do not help; a delay in treatment can lead to growth of formation and the risk of degeneration into malignant tumor. To prevent the development of events, the patient is prescribed surgical intervention.

The fibroma is removed endoscopically through the larynx; the doctor tries not to leave fragments behind, as they can recur. If the doctor cannot get to the tumor through the throat (when it is large or hidden behind the vocal cords), then an incision is made in the neck. The fibroma itself is removed with forceps or a special loop. Laser is also used to remove tumors. radiation therapy, ultrasound, cryodestruction.

If the operation is successful, the patient will return to a clear voice, without wheezing. True, you need to carefully use the ligaments without straining them for about 3 weeks. You need to be especially careful in the first few days after fibroid removal - smoking and alcohol are prohibited, and food and drinks should be at a comfortable (warm) temperature. It is advisable to eat pureed food - mashed potatoes, porridge, which will not injure the throat.

Apart from traditional medicine, the doctor may recommend some recipes from medicinal herbs - these are ointments and decoctions that will relieve inflammation and slow down growth pathological formations. Usually, plantain is prescribed after surgery, birch leaves and buds, bay leaf.

You should gargle regularly with birch sap; you can also use propolis tincture. Exact dosage and the duration of taking the medications will be prescribed by the doctor, based on the patient’s age and health condition, the degree of ligament damage, etc. Herbs themselves will not get rid of the disease, but they will allow you to recover faster.

As a preventive measure, you need to stop smoking and being around smokers, because passive smoking risks inhaling toxins. It is necessary not to abuse alcohol, to recover from diseases of the throat and respiratory tract in a timely manner, and to humidify the indoor air. Paying attention to health will minimize the risk of getting sick.

Benign tumors of the larynx are a number of diseases that affect the vocal cords area. A benign tumor does not spread to neighboring tissues and does not cause formation in other organs.

The most common among them is fibroma - a benign tumor of a spherical shape, consisting of fibrous connective tissue.

This disease can occur in the presence of a number of factors or for no apparent reason at all.

general characteristics

This is a benign tumor that occupies the vocal cords. The vocal cords are a muscular fold of the laryngeal mucosa located in its middle.

This disease is often occurs in people associated with speech activity (artists, teachers, announcers, speakers). The reason for the appearance of fibroids here is regular overstrain of the vocal cords.

Laryngeal fibroma does not affect neighboring tissues and does not make it possible for tumors to form in other places. It consists of fibrous connective tissue. The tumor is covered with flat epithelium and has the shape of a ball, the size of which does not exceed one centimeter. Most often, the tumor appears on the free edges of the vocal cords.

More often the tumor is detected in middle-aged men. Fibroids grow slowly and do not exceed the size of a pea. Located on a thin stalk, fibroma can cause loss of sonority of the voice (aphonia) when pronouncing speech, as well as the cause of hoarseness, diplophonia (simultaneous formation of two tones of different pitches when pronouncing one sound), cough, and difficulty breathing.

Fibroids are soft (otherwise called polyps) and hard (dense). Outwardly, the latter resemble a knot of white or pink flowers. Tumors that have many blood vessels are reddish in color. Polyps are translucent formations.

The fibroma usually appears at the free edge of the vocal cord, between the anterior and middle thirds. It differs from a malignant tumor in the presence of a stalk; with fibroma, full mobility of the vocal cords is maintained.

Causes

There are two types of benign tumors: congenital or appearing throughout life. Among them, fibromas, polyps, angiomas, etc. are more common.

The causes of a congenital tumor are considered to be heredity or the influence on the fetus of such factors as infectious diseases pregnant woman (rubella, viral hepatitis, HIV, syphilis, etc.), radiation, taking unacceptable drugs by a woman during pregnancy.

Acquired benign tumors of the larynx appear in the following cases:

• in case of disturbances in the functioning of the immune system;
• at viral diseases(flu, measles, etc.);
• for chronic inflammatory diseases of the throat (laryngitis, pharyngitis);
• due to long-term effects on the body harmful substances(smoke, dust);
• in case of disruption of the endocrine system;
• after heavy, prolonged stress on the vocal cords.

The main reasons for the formation of fibroids:

Fibroma can be a congenital tumor or occur for no apparent reason.

Symptoms and methods of its diagnosis

• hoarseness in speech;
• pain in the neck;
• labored breathing;
• rapid voice fatigue (during a conversation, the voice may become quieter);
• feeling of discomfort in the throat;
• pain when the vocal cords are tense;
• coughing up blood;
• sudden complete loss of voice;
• dyspnea.

If a tumor is present, the patient may experience asphyxia.

The disease may not have any obvious signs. Hidden under the vocal cords, fibroids can be detected, for example, when exhaling deeply or when coughing.

An otolaryngologist can diagnose the disease during an examination. The diagnostic procedure is called mirror laryngoscopy. To leave no doubt that the tumor is benign, its histological examination is carried out.

Treatment

Surgical

Perhaps only surgery tumors. Treatment for vocal cord fibroids includes complete removal. The procedure is performed through the larynx. In cases where the tumor formation has big size, an incision is made in the neck. The operation is performed under thorough anesthesia. Laryngeal forceps are used as instruments.

To determine the location and nature of the tumor, X-rays, ultrasound, CT, MRI, stroboscopy (diagnosis of the movement of the vocal cords, used to identify fixed areas, as well as other disorders), biopsy (diagnosis of the nature of the tumor) are used. Laser, ultrasound, and radiation therapy can be used to remove the tumor.

After the operation, the patient is prohibited from consuming hot drinks and hot food for several days. It is forbidden to raise your voice for more than two weeks. The patient is contraindicated to smoke and drink alcohol. If the patient coughs after surgery, the doctor may prescribe him narcotic medications (codeine, dionine). It is not recommended to further overload the vocal cords.

Folk remedies

Treatment with folk remedies is additional treatment to medical. Tumors of the larynx are treated medicinal herbs, which are used in the preparation of tea, decoction or ointment.

They relieve inflammation, treat damaged areas, slow down growth cancer cells. The most effective are decoctions of plantain, birch leaves, bay leaf, violets.

Moreover, they need to be used on early dates diseases - treatment will be more productive. You can prepare a tincture of honey and aloe, propolis or birch sap and gargle with it about three times a day.

Prevention

The reappearance of the tumor can be avoided if you do not cause diseases of the upper respiratory tract, as well as gastrointestinal tract. In the future, the patient should completely abandon bad habits and not overload the vocal cords. As a preventative measure, breathing and voice exercises are prescribed.

Recurrence of the tumor is possible if the fibroma has not been completely removed. It is important to promptly consult a doctor if symptoms indicating a tumor of the larynx appear.

conclusions

Laryngeal fibroma is a benign tumor that occupies the vocal cords area. It can cause coughing, difficulty breathing, changes in voice, etc.

The main reason for the appearance of fibroids is a large constant load on the vocal cords, which is typical for people involved in speech activities (speakers, teachers).

To avoid repeated illness, it is worth performing special breathing exercises, giving up smoking and alcohol, trying to avoid hazardous industries, and overstraining the vocal cords. At the slightest suspicion of a tumor, immediately consult a specialist.

ENT (otolaryngologist)

Conducts prevention, treatment and diagnosis of diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses (sinusitis, rhinitis), diseases of the outer and middle ear (otitis), nosebleeds, diseases of the pharynx and larynx (laryngitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis).