During my short journey on earth
The kid from Leningrad found out
Bombs exploding, sirens howling
And the scary word is blockade.
His frozen tear
In the frozen darkness of the apartment -
The pain that cannot be expressed
At the last moment of farewell to the world...

.

When the blockade ring closed, in addition to the adult population, 400 thousand children remained in Leningrad - from infants to schoolchildren and teenagers. Naturally, they wanted to save them first of all, they tried to protect them from shelling and bombing. Comprehensive care for children in those conditions was characteristic feature Leningraders. And she gave special strength to adults, inspired them to work and fight, because children could only be saved by defending the city.

Alexander Fadeev in his travel notes “During the Days of the Siege” wrote: “Children school age can be proud that they defended Leningrad together with their fathers, mothers, older brothers and sisters. Great work protecting and saving the city, serving and saving the family fell to the lot of Leningrad boys and girls. They extinguished tens of thousands of lighters dropped from airplanes, they extinguished more than one fire in the city, they were on duty on frosty nights on towers, they carried water from an ice hole on the Neva, stood in lines for bread... And they were equal in that duel of nobility when the elders they tried to quietly give their share to the younger ones, and the younger ones did the same to the older ones. And it’s hard to understand who died more in this fight.”

The whole world was shocked by the diary of the little Leningrad girl Tanya Savicheva: “Grandmother died on January 25...”, “Uncle Alyosha on May 10...”, “Mom on May 13 at 7.30 in the morning...”, “Everyone died. Tanya is the only one left." The notes of this girl, who died in evacuation in 1945, became one of the formidable accusations against fascism, one of the symbols of the blockade.

They had a special childhood, scorched by the war, during the siege. They grew up in conditions of hunger and cold, under the whistling and explosions of shells and bombs. It was its own world, with special difficulties and joys, with their own scale of values. Open the monograph “Children of the Siege Draw” today. Shurik Ignatiev, three and a half years old, May 23, 1942 in kindergarten covered his paper with random pencil scribbles with a small oval in the center. “What did you draw!” – asked the teacher. He replied: “It’s war, that’s all, and there’s a bun in the middle. I don’t know anything else.” They were the same blockade runners as adults.” And they died the same way. The only transport route connecting the city with the rear regions of the country was the “Road of Life”, laid through Lake Ladoga. During the days of the blockade along this road from September 1941 to November 1943, it was possible to evacuate 1 million 376 thousand Leningraders, mostly women, children and the elderly. The war scattered them around different corners Union, their destinies turned out differently, many did not return back.

Existence in a besieged city was unthinkable without hard, everyday work. Children were also workers. They managed to distribute their forces in such a way that they were enough not only for family, but also for public affairs. Pioneers delivered mail to homes. When the bugle sounded in the yard, we had to go down to get the letter. They sawed wood and carried water to the families of the Red Army soldiers. They mended linen for the wounded and performed for them in hospitals. The city could not protect children from malnutrition and exhaustion, but nevertheless, everything possible was done for them.

Despite the harsh situation of the front-line city, the Leningrad City Party Committee and the City Council of Workers' Deputies decided to continue educating children. At the end of October 1941, 60 thousand schoolchildren in grades 1-4 began studying in bomb shelters of schools and households, and from November 3, in 103 schools in Leningrad, more than 30 thousand students in grades 1-4 sat at their desks.
In the conditions of besieged Leningrad, it was necessary to connect education with the defense of the city, to teach students to overcome difficulties and hardships that arose at every step and grew every day. And the Leningrad school coped with this difficult task with honor. The classes took place in an unusual environment. Often during a lesson, a siren would sound, signaling another bombing or shelling. The students quickly and orderly descended into the bomb shelter, where classes continued. Teachers had two lesson plans for the day: one for working in normal conditions, the other - in case of shelling or bombing. The training was conducted in an abbreviated manner curriculum, which included only the basic items.

Each teacher strived to conduct classes with students as accessible, interesting, and meaningful as possible. “I’m preparing for lessons in a new way,” K.V., a history teacher at School No. 239, wrote in her diary in the fall of 1941. Polzikova - Nothing superfluous, a spare, clear story. It is difficult for children to prepare homework; This means you need to help them in class. We don’t keep any notes in notebooks: it’s hard. But the story must be interesting. Oh, how necessary it is! Children have so much trouble in their souls, so much anxiety, that they will not listen to dull speech. And you can’t show them how difficult it is for you either.”

Your soul soared into the sky
Hungry leaving the body.
And the mother carried a crust of bread
For you, son... I didn’t have time...
Studying in the harsh winter conditions was a feat. Teachers and students produced fuel themselves, carried water on sleds, and monitored the cleanliness of the school. The schools became unusually quiet, the children stopped running and making noise during breaks, their pale and emaciated faces spoke of grave suffering. The lesson lasted 20-25 minutes: neither the teachers nor the students could stand it any longer. No records were kept, since in unheated classrooms not only the children’s thin hands froze, but also the ink froze. Talking about this unforgettable time, students of the 7th grade of school No. 148 wrote in their collective diary: “The temperature is 2-3 degrees below zero. Dim winter, the light timidly breaks through the only small glass in the only window. The students huddle close to the open stove door, shivering from the cold, which bursts out from under the cracks of the doors like a sharp frosty stream and runs through their entire bodies. A persistent and angry wind drives the smoke back from the street through a primitive chimney straight into the room... My eyes water, it’s hard to read, and it’s completely impossible to write. We sit in coats, galoshes, gloves and even hats...” The students who continued to study during the harsh winter of 1941-1942 were respectfully called “winter workers.”

In addition to their meager bread ration, children received soup at school without cutting out coupons from their ration cards. With the launch of the Ladoga Ice Route, tens of thousands of schoolchildren were evacuated from the city. The year 1942 arrived. In schools, where classes did not stop, holidays were declared. And on the unforgettable January days, when everything adult population The city was starving; in schools, theaters, and concert halls, New Year trees with gifts and a hearty lunch were organized for children. For the little Leningraders it was a real big holiday.

One of the students wrote about this New Year tree: “January 6th. There was a Christmas tree today, and what a magnificent one! True, I hardly listened to the plays: I kept thinking about dinner. Lunch was wonderful. The children ate slowly and intently, without wasting a crumb. They knew the value of bread, for lunch they gave noodle soup, porridge, bread and jelly, everyone was very happy. This tree will remain in the memory for a long time.” There were also New Year's gifts, this is how participant in the siege P.P. recalled them. Danilov: “From the contents of the gift, I remember candies made from flaxseed cake, gingerbread and 2 tangerines. For that time it was a very good treat.”
For students in grades 7-10, Christmas trees were arranged in the premises of the Drama Theater named after. Pushkin, Bolshoi Drama and Maly Opera Theaters. The surprise was that all the theaters had electric lighting. Brass bands played. At the Drama Theater. The play “The Noble Nest” was staged in Pushkin, and “The Three Musketeers” was staged at the Bolshoi Drama Theater. In Maly opera house The holiday opened with the play “The Gadfly.”

And in the spring, schoolchildren began their “garden life.” In the spring of 1942, thousands of children and teenagers came to the empty, depopulated workshops of enterprises. At the age of 12-15 they became machine operators and assemblers, producing machine guns and machine guns, artillery and rocket shells. So that they could work at machines and assembly workbenches, wooden stands were made for them. When, on the eve of breaking the blockade, delegations from front-line units began to arrive at enterprises, experienced soldiers swallowed tears, looking at the posters above the workplaces of boys and girls. It was written there with their own hands: “I won’t leave until I fulfill the quota!”

Hundreds of young Leningraders were awarded orders, thousands were awarded medals “For the Defense of Leningrad.” They went through the entire months-long epic of the heroic defense of the city as worthy comrades of adults. There were no events, campaigns or cases in which they did not participate. Clearing attics, fighting "lighters", putting out fires, clearing rubble, clearing the city of snow, caring for the wounded, growing vegetables and potatoes, working on producing weapons and ammunition - children's hands were everywhere. On equal terms, with a sense of fulfilled duty, Leningrad boys and girls met with their peers - the “sons of the regiments” who received awards on the battlefields.

The baby is sleeping, hugging a toy -
Long-eared puppy.
In a soft cloud - a pillow
Dreams descended from above.
Don't wake him up, don't, -
May the moment of happiness last.
About the war and the blockade
He doesn't learn from books...
The child is sleeping. Above the Neva
White birds are circling:
On a long journey behind you
The cranes are collecting...

Target: enrich children's knowledge about the heroic past of our city - the blockade;

give an idea of ​​the difficult and heroic days in the history of their native city; cultivate patriotism and respect for the history of your country.

Integration educational areas : “Speech development”, “ Cognitive development", "Social communication development».

Types of children's activities: communication with an adult, cooperative games with peers, perception of music, poetry, looking at pictures.

Integrated tasks:

Educational: To consolidate children's knowledge about the heroic defense of Leningrad. Expand children's knowledge about the history of their hometown, about the heroism of people who survived the blockade using ICT. Introduce the work of Leningrad poets - survivors of the siege.

Educational: Strengthen the skills of speech, musical and productive activities on patriotic material; actively participate in dialogue with the teacher. Develop oral speech; activate in children's vocabulary: city - hero, volunteers, monument, memorial.

Educational: To cultivate love and pride for one’s hometown, a sense of gratitude and respect for its defenders. Learn to see the state of the city, develop the ability to sympathize and empathize. Instill respect for older city residents.

Preliminary work:

1. Design of the exhibition dedicated to the Siege of Leningrad.
2. Examination of illustrations depicting monuments and monuments to the defenders of the city.
3. Reading works of art on the topic.
4. Examination of the photo album “Hero City”, paintings about the war.
5. Listening to songs and music of the war years.
6. Reading and learning poems about the besieged city with children.
7. Watching age-appropriate animated films on the topic; A story about the blockade, poems about the blockade... a presentation-film on the theme “To the 70th anniversary of the lifting of the blockade...”.
8. The design of the exhibition and book of memory about the blockade is jointly between parents and children.

Materials and equipment: presentations “Besieged Leningrad”, laptop, construction set “City”; books and illustrations on the topic; cut-out postcard pictures depicting the main attractions of our city; air siren recording; metronome recording; recording of the song “Holy War”, music. A. Alexandrova, lyrics. Lebedeva - Kumach.

Progress of the lesson:

Educator: Hello guys, hello our guests (addressing veterans), today I want to tell you about the feat of our city during the war. We will be grateful to the veterans for their feat.

Finger gymnastics "Under Peaceful Skies"

We are children of a free and peaceful country.

Our great people do not want war.

Any path in life is open to us.

Under a calm sky, we want to grow.

Educator: Tell me, guys, what is the name of our city in which we live now.

Children's answers . Now our city is called St. Petersburg, it is beautiful and proud.

The teacher reads poems about St. Petersburg.

You are beautiful at any time of the year:

Sad autumn, cold winter.

And in the heat, and even in bad weather

I love you, my city above the Neva!

A city of museums, wonderful palaces,

City of canals, bridges, islands,

City of cast iron fences on the Neva, -

And there is no one more beautiful than him on earth!

Educator: Ours had many trials beautiful city: floods, fires, but the Great Patriotic War became the most terrible test for our city. Although you are still small, but from the stories of adults, from films, you know about terrible war with the Nazis, which our country won in a fierce battle.

Our lesson is dedicated to the Day of Lifting the Siege of Leningrad, which our city celebrated on January 27, this Sunday. This is very memorable date for our city.

Who can tell me what our city was called during the war?

Children's answers . Leningrad, and the inhabitants were called Leningraders.

Educator: Guys, let's see what our city looks like on the map. Looking at a city map on a slide.

Let's build our city?

Designing our city

(On the table, children are using construction sets to build a city.)

Educator: What a wonderful city it turned out to be. Before the war, people lived peacefully. Adults worked, children went to schools and kindergartens. In the evenings and weekends we walked in parks, went to theaters and museums.

In 1941, our homeland was attacked fascist Germany. The war has begun... Terrible, merciless. Day and night, the Nazis bombed and shelled the city, fires blazed, and people died. Hitler failed to capture the city by force, so he decided to strangle the city with a blockade. The Germans surrounded the city and blocked all exits and entrances. The enemy did not allow children and sick people to be taken out of the city; food did not arrive in the city. But the residents showed resilience and courage and defended the city with all their might.

Examination of the map of the Siege of Leningrad.

Educator: Look (picture map), what does it look like? (Circle, ring.)

So they said: “The ring has closed around the city.” This ring is also called a blockade. All roads leading to our city were cut off. There is only one left - along Lake Ladoga. She connected Leningrad with the mainland.

Educator: Guys, let's form a tight ring around our city. (The song “Holy War” sounds, music by A. Alexandrov, lyrics by Lebedev - Kumach.) At the beginning of the war, this song was written, which called the people to fight. That’s when everyone stood up to defend the city.

Educator: Has arrived cold winter... The terrible days of the siege have arrived...

There were 900 of them... that's almost 2.5 years.

The bread quota decreased by 5 times, this is the piece of bread they gave to a resident besieged Leningrad-125 grams (show the children a piece of bread). And that's all, just water.

Educator: The houses were not heated, there was no coal, people put potbelly stoves in their rooms - small stoves, and they burned furniture and books in them in order to somehow warm up. But even in the most severe frosts, people did not touch the trees; they preserved gardens and parks for you and me. There was no running water in the houses; people had to go to the Neva River for water.

Educator: The windows in the houses were sealed with narrow strips of paper so that fragments from the bombing could not injure. They hung dark curtains so that at night even a small candle light could not be seen. Because fascist pilots flew and bombed at night.

Educator: The diary of a little girl, Tanya Savicheva, has miraculously survived to this day.

In an ordinary thin school notebook she wrote:

“Grandfather died today.” On the next page - “Mom died today.”

Day after day, Tanya’s relatives died of hunger and cold. On the last page of the diary it is written in a child’s hand: “Everyone died.” Only Tanya remained.

Diary slides.

Physical education minute

In the autumn fog ( Cover your eyes with your palms.)

In the January snow ( They spread their arms to the sides.)

Petersburg is worth ( Hands above your head in the form of a roof.)

On the seashore ( Smooth hand movements-waves.)

With palaces and parks ( Move your arms left and right.)

Strict and handsome ( Repeat.)

It's like floating ( Hand movements “float”.)

Into the wide bay ( Repeat.)

During the siege they walk in place

Under fire in the snow ( Repeat.)

Didn't give up, didn't give up ( Head turns.)

Our city to the enemy ( Repeat.)

Children reading poetry

During the war, soldiers defended the city,

So that we could live in our native Fatherland.

They gave their lives for you and me,

So that there is no more war in the world.

The snow was swirling, and our city was being bombed

There was a brutal war then.

The defenders of the fascists won,

May every winter become peaceful!

Educator: The city was regularly bombarded from the air several times a day. And then people heard such a signal (a recording of an air siren sounds).

And after the air siren went off, people heard the sound of a metronome (a metronome recording sounds). It resembled the sound of a heartbeat.

Telling people that life goes on. During the difficult days of the siege, the sound of the metronome did not subside for a minute. All 900 days and nights he reported that the city lives and breathes, that Leningrad did not surrender.

Educator: Life in the city became more difficult every day. The only opportunity for survival was Lake Ladoga (display of paintings). Along this road, under enemy fire, grain was transported to the city, and children and the elderly were taken back. That’s why this path was called “The Road of Life.” And in the spring, traveling on ice was dangerous; cars fell through the ice.

Children reading poetry

Our city was called Leningrad,

And then there was a severe war.

Under the howl of a siren and the explosion of shells

Ladoga was the “road of life”.

She became the salvation of the Leningraders,

And helped us win the war,

So that the time of peace may come again,

So that you and I can live under a clear sky.

Educator: After 900 days, on January 27, 1944, our troops broke through the blockade ring. It was a great day! Joy filled the hearts of not only the liberated Leningraders, but all the soldiers defending the country from the enemy.

An artillery salute was given in honor of this victory. Many buildings in the liberated building were destroyed. Let's try to restore them.

Game "Cut pictures"

Heavy fighting died down. The city has healed its wounds. But the feat accomplished by the Leningraders during the siege will forever remain in the memory of the people.

In honor of the breakthrough of the blockade ring, a monument “Broken Ring” was erected on Lake Ladoga. A lot of time separates us from that war, but everyone should remember the feat of the defenders.

Educator: At the Piskarevskoye cemetery, where thousands of Leningraders who died during the siege are buried, an Eternal Flame burns near the mass grave. In the middle rises the mournful figure of the Mother Motherland. Behind it is a granite wall with the words of the Leningrad poetess Olga Bergolts, who lived in Leningrad for all 900 days of the siege:

Leningraders lie here.

Here the townspeople are men, women, children.....

We cannot list their noble names here.

There are so many of them under the eternal protection of granite.

But know that he who listens to these stones,

No one is forgotten and nothing is forgotten.

People bring flowers here and are silent, thinking about those to whom we owe a peaceful life.

The teacher reads poetry

On Nevsky Prospekt there is one inscription,

And now it's hard for us to believe

What exactly was this side

Dangerous during shelling.

Why does our city keep this inscription?

So that adults and children know:

“Nothing is forgotten. No one is forgotten! »

So that they remember all these lines.

Educator: Guys, you and I will light our little lights, as a sign that our hearts will also remember the feat of the Leningraders.

Reading the poem ''Siege Days''.

During the siege days.

Under fire, in the snow

Didn't give up, didn't give up

Our city to the enemy.

Proud, brave people live here.

And their valiant work will be glorified everywhere!

Reflection.

Children are asked questions:

1. What did we talk about today?

2. Where did the Road of Life go?

3. How many days did the siege of Leningrad last?

4. What memorials did you learn about?

5. What do you remember from my story?

The full version of the work is available.

Summary of a comprehensive lesson using ICT and elements of visual arts.

"Blockade. 71 years since the lifting of the siege of Leningrad. Hero city Leningrad.

Lesson for senior and middle groups of kindergarten
Conducted by music leader N.L. Shorikova, together with group teachers.
Educational areas involved in this type of integrated lesson:
- Social and communicative development - fostering patriotism and love for one’s city;
- Artistic and aesthetic development - in visual arts. The skills of coloring, choosing colors and color schemes are strengthened;
- Cognitive development - through children receiving information about the history of the city;
- speech development– learning poetry, development fine motor skills hands
Introductory part - children enter the hall to the music of the march.
Music the leader talks about how the fate of every person is important, and that children especially suffer in war. We will watch a film about the life of one girl during the war.
Children watch the film “In memory of Tanya Savicheva. To the 70th anniversary of the liberation of Leningrad from Nazi invaders" (film duration 11 min.)

Children read poems about war:
1st child: Our city was called Leningrad
And then there was a harsh war
Under the howl of a siren and the explosion of shells
Ladoga was the “road of life”

2nd child She became the salvation of Leningraders
And helped us win the war
So that the time of peace may come again
So that you and I can live under a clear sky.

3rd child The snow was swirling, and our city was being bombed
There was a brutal war then
The fascist defenders won
So that every spring becomes peaceful.

4th child Surrounded by enemies during war days
The city survived the battle with the enemy
We must never forget this
We sing about the glorious city.
The song “My Battle Petersburg” is performed, lyrics and music by Smirnova (words in the Appendix)
Read a poem about today's St. Petersburg:

5th child: City of museums, wonderful palaces
City of canals, bridges, islands
City of cast iron fences on the Neva
And there is no one more beautiful than him on earth!
Adults are given a printed text of the Anthem of St. Petersburg.
Watching the film “Official Anthem of St. Petersburg”, Alfa-Art studio, St. Petersburg, 2009, (duration 1.54)

Adults perform it to the music.
Everyone is located around the screen. A slide show is shown on the screen, showing the golden star of the Hero City.
The music leader asks the children if they know what the city was called during the war. Answers - Leningrad.
A story about the title of the City - Hero, a medal is demonstrated.
Field of study: visual arts.
Handouts are laid out on two tables, each group goes to its own table to work. On the tables there are four colors of pencils, enough for children to work with, a blank postcard with the inscription “Hero City Leningrad”, and with the text of the Anthem of St. Petersburg on the other side of the sheet..

Tasks: Make a postcard “Star of the City – Hero”
1. circle the dots to make a star.

2. Color it yellow (orange) in a color of your choice.

3. Color the die near the star red or burgundy.

Music The leader invites the children to take the postcard with them and gives them a task to work with their parents:
1. Congratulate your parents on the Day of Lifting the Siege with a hand-made postcard.
2. Learn and sing with them the Anthem of St. Petersburg.
Everyone leaves the hall to the music.

CONCLUSIONS: Combination traditional types activities (Izo) and innovative methods presentation of the material makes the lesson rich various types information, develops various aspects of intellectual and emotional sphere children. Videos and presentation materials provide an immersive experience historical environment, relating to the period of the Siege of Leningrad, the demonstration of a video performance of the anthem by the Orchestra and Choir of the St. Petersburg Singing Chapel, filming a video of the city allows you to feel the atmosphere of the concert, living pictures of the city. The effect of presence in these means can only be achieved through innovative ICT.

APPLICATION:
MY PETERSBURG COMBAT
Sl. and muses M.V. Sidorova
1. The Baltic wind is blowing in our faces
Just like during the war years
The besieged city was surrounded by a ring
But he didn’t bow his head - 2p.
Chorus:
My city, you are invincible
And you did not surrender to the enemy
Even though he was wounded by bullets
Bombing on the Ladoga ice.
1. The eternal flame burns tirelessly
Every dead person is a hero
My city keeps the memory of the fallen
My Petersburg is fighting.
Chorus: - the same

ANTHEM OF ST. PETERSBURG
Music Gliera, Sl. Chuprova
Sovereign city, rise above the Neva,
Like a wondrous temple, you are open to hearts!
Shine for centuries with living beauty,
Your breath Bronze Horseman stores.

Indestructible - you were able in dashing years
Overcome all storms and winds!
With a sea soul
Immortal like Russia
Sail, frigate, under the sail of Peter!

St. Petersburg, stay forever young!
The coming day is illuminated by you.
So flourish, our beautiful city!
It is a great honor to live with one destiny!

Presentation on the topic: Siege of Leningrad

Bogdarina Tatyana
Conversation “For children about the siege of Leningrad”

There is a period in the history of our city, the tragic events of which affected almost every family living today. This siege of Leningrad.

This is very far from you and me, but from books, films and stories of adults, you also know about the terrible deadly war with the Nazis, which our country won in a fierce battle. Many years ago, when we were not yet in the world, there was a Great Patriotic War with Nazi Germany. It was a brutal war. It brought a lot of grief and destruction. Trouble has come to every home. This war was the most terrible test for the people. Who attacked our country?

In 1941, Nazi Germany attacked our homeland. War burst into peaceful life Leningraders. Our city was then called Leningrad, and its inhabitants - Leningraders. At the beginning of the war, a wonderful song was born. She called for a fight people: “Get up, huge country!” And the entire Russian people stood up to defend their Motherland!

Very soon the enemies were near the city. Day and night the Nazis bombed and shelled Leningrad. Fires blazed and the dead fell to the ground. Hitler failed to capture the city by force, then he decided to strangle it blockade. The Nazis surrounded the city, blocking all exits and entrances to the city. Our city is in blockade ring.

What's happened blockade? This is a siege ring in which the city was taken. the city stopped receiving food. Turned off the lights heating, water... Winter has come... Terrible, difficult times have come blockade days. There were 900 of them... That's almost 2.5 years.

The city was regularly bombarded from the air 6-8 times a day. And the air raid alarm sounded. When people heard the signal, everyone hid in a bomb shelter, and to calm them down, the sound of a metronome was heard on the radio, which resembled the sound of a heartbeat, telling people that life goes on.

What is a bomb shelter? (These are special underground rooms where one could hide from bombing)

Life in the city became increasingly difficult. The water supply in the houses did not work; the water in it froze due to severe frosts. Barely alive people descended onto the Neva ice for water. They put buckets and cans on the sleds and collected water from the ice hole. And then they drove me home for a long, long time.

The standard of bread decreased by 5 times, this is the piece of bread they gave to the resident besieged Leningrad - 125 grams. And that's it, nothing more - just water.

The houses were not heated, there was no coal. People in the room put potbelly stoves, small iron stoves, and in them they burned furniture, books, letters in order to somehow warm up. But even in the most severe frosts, people did not touch a single tree in the city. They preserved gardens and parks for you and me.

Here are the children, what ordeal fell out Leningraders. To this day, this city has preserved a special attitude towards bread. Do you understand why?

-children's answers: Because the city experienced a famine. Because there was nothing but a piece of bread a day. That's right, because just a small piece of bread saved many lives. And, let us, and we will always treat bread with respect. Yes, now we always have a lot of bread on the table, it is different, white and black, but it is always tasty. And you all must remember that bread cannot be crumbled, it must not be left uneaten.

Despite such a difficult time, kindergartens and schools were open. And those children who could walk went to school. And this was also a feat of little ones Leningraders.

Leningrad continued to live and work. Who worked in besieged city?

The factories made shells, tanks, and rocket launchers for the front. Women and even schoolchildren worked on the machines. People worked as long as they could stand on their feet. And when they did not have the strength to go home, they stayed here at the plant until the morning, so that in the morning they could continue working again. How else did children help adults? (They extinguished lighters dropped from fascist planes. They extinguished fires, carried water from an ice hole on the Neva, because the water supply did not work. They stood in lines for bread, which was given on special cards. They helped the wounded in hospitals, organized concerts, sang songs, read poems , danced.

Let's now sing a song about Leningradsky boys in memory of their heroic deeds, because many of them did not live to this day, but the memory of them is alive in our hearts.

The city continued to live. Blockade couldn't stop creative life The city's radio was working, and people heard news from the front. IN the most difficult conditions Concerts took place, artists painted posters, cameramen filmed newsreels.

Music sounded for the warriors - Leningraders. She helped people fight and stayed with them until the victory.

Leningrad composer D. During this cruel winter, D. Shostakovich wrote the Seventh Symphony, which he called « Leningradskaya.» The music told about peaceful life, about the invasion of the enemy, about struggle and victory.

This symphony was first performed in besieged Leningrad, in the large hall of the Philharmonic. To prevent the Nazis from interfering with the concert, our troops entered into battle with the enemy. And not a single enemy shell fell in the Philharmonic area then.

Winter is hungry and cold. Bread was given on ration cards, but there was very little of it and many died of hunger. There were many children left in the city and only one road along which the sick, children, and wounded could be taken out and flour and cereals could be brought. Where did this road go? This road passed on the ice of Lake Ladoga. Ladoga became salvation, became "Dear Life" Why was it called that? By spring, trips on ice became dangerous: often the cars walked straight through the water, sometimes they fell through, and the drivers removed the cab doors in order to have time to jump out of the sinking truck...

the song sounds "Ladoga"

In January our troops moved to offensive. 4.5 thousand guns dealt a deadly blow to the enemy. And now the hour has come. On January 27, 1944, Soviet troops drove out the Nazis from Leningrad land. Leningrad was liberated from the siege.

In honor of the victory, there was a fireworks display in the city. All the people came out of their houses and watched the fireworks with tears in their eyes.

Our city fought for 900 days and nights and survived and won.

Every day separates us from those harsh war years. But everyone should know and remember the feat of the defenders. In memory of those who fell in those days, an eternal flame burns at the Piskarevskoye cemetery near the mass graves. People bring flowers and are silent, thinking about those who accomplished an unprecedented feat in the fight against the Nazis, about those to whom we owe a peaceful life.

Many years have passed since then, but we must not forget about that war so that it never happens again.

That's why we have gathered so that you can hear about this feat. Leningrad and Leningraders

So, dear friends, we talked a little, we remembered those terrible days! Now, let’s imagine, you and I, these are the same troops that did not allow the Nazis to take our city Leningrad!

Look at the playing field!

5 teams - Let's introduce ourselves

Now we are all on the most important line - on the front line! Each team is marked with its own color (picture) And our task is to prevent the enemy from approaching the city!

How are we going to do this?

I will ask questions to each team in turn. On the first line - they are the most difficult.. If you give the correct answer, then stay on this first line, if not, then move back. And on the second line the questions will be easier. And the closer you are to Leningrad, the less you will be attacked "Enemies"

If suddenly you are already on the last 4th line, and you have nowhere to go further, then it’s not scary! You will help those troops who are still holding the line!

Are you ready? Then go to battle!

The siege of Leningrad lasted exactly 871 days. This is the longest and most terrible siege of the city in the entire history of mankind. Almost 900 days of pain and suffering, courage and dedication. After many years after breaking the siege of Leningrad Many historians, and even ordinary people, wondered: could this nightmare have been avoided? Avoid - apparently not. For Hitler, Leningrad was a “tidbit” - after all, here is the Baltic Fleet and the road to Murmansk and Arkhangelsk, from where help came from the allies during the war, and if the city had surrendered, it would have been destroyed and wiped off the face of the earth. Could the situation have been mitigated and prepared for in advance? The issue is controversial and worthy of separate research.

The first days of the siege of Leningrad

On September 8, 1941, in continuation of the offensive of the fascist army, the city of Shlisselburg was captured, thus closing the blockade ring. In the first days, few people believed in the seriousness of the situation, but many residents of the city began to thoroughly prepare for the siege: literally in a few hours, all savings were withdrawn from the savings banks, the shops were empty, everything possible was bought up. Not everyone was able to evacuate when systematic shelling began, but it began immediately, in September, the routes for evacuation were already cut off. There is an opinion that it was the fire that occurred on the first day siege of Leningrad in the Badaev warehouses - in the repository of the city's strategic reserves - provoked a terrible famine during the blockade days. However, recently declassified documents provide slightly different information: it turns out that there was no “strategic reserve” as such, since in the conditions of the outbreak of war it was impossible to create large stock for such a huge city as Leningrad was (and about 3 million people lived in it at that time) it was not possible, so the city fed on imported products, and the existing reserves would only last for a week. Literally from the first days of the blockade, ration cards were introduced, schools were closed, military censorship was introduced: any attachments to letters were prohibited, and messages containing decadent sentiments were confiscated.

Siege of Leningrad - pain and death

Memories of the people's siege of Leningrad who survived it, their letters and diaries reveal to us a terrible picture. A terrible famine struck the city. Money and jewelry have lost value. The evacuation began in the fall of 1941, but only in January 1942 did it become possible to withdraw large number people, mostly women and children, across the Road of Life. There were huge queues at the bakeries where daily rations were distributed. Besides hunger besieged Leningrad Other disasters also attacked: very frosty winters, sometimes the thermometer dropped to -40 degrees. The fuel ran out and the water pipes froze - the city was left without electricity, and drinking water. Rats became another problem for the besieged city in the first winter of the siege. They not only destroyed food supplies, but also spread all kinds of infections. People died and there was no time to bury them; the corpses lay right on the streets. Cases of cannibalism and robbery appeared.

Life of besieged Leningrad

At the same time Leningraders They tried with all their might to survive and not let their hometown die. Moreover, Leningrad helped the army by producing military products - the factories continued to operate in such conditions. Theaters and museums resumed their activities. It was necessary to prove to the enemy, and, most importantly, to ourselves: siege of Leningrad will not kill the city, it continues to live! One of bright examples amazing dedication and love for the Motherland, life, hometown is the story of the creation of one piece of music. During the blockade, the famous symphony of D. Shostakovich, later called “Leningrad”, was written. Or rather, the composer began writing it in Leningrad, and finished it in evacuation. When the score was ready, it was delivered to the besieged city. By that time, the symphony orchestra had already resumed its activities in Leningrad. On the day of the concert, so that enemy raids could not disrupt it, our artillery did not allow a single fascist plane to approach the city! During all the days of the siege, the Leningrad radio worked, which was for all Leningraders not only a life-giving source of information, but also simply a symbol of ongoing life.

The Road of Life is the pulse of a besieged city

From the first days of the blockade, the Road of Life began its dangerous and heroic work - pulse besieged LeningradA. In summer there is a water route, and in winter there is an ice route connecting Leningrad with the “mainland” along Lake Ladoga. On September 12, 1941, the first barges with food arrived in the city along this route, and until late autumn, until storms made navigation impossible, barges traveled along the Road of Life. Each of their flights was a feat - enemy aircraft constantly carried out their bandit raids, weather conditions were also often not in the sailors' hands - the barges continued their flights even in late autumn, until the ice appeared, when navigation was in principle impossible. On November 20, the first horse-drawn sleigh train descended onto the ice of Lake Ladoga. A little later, trucks started driving along the ice Road of Life. The ice was very thin, despite the fact that the truck was carrying only 2-3 bags of food, the ice broke, and there were frequent cases when trucks sank. At the risk of their lives, the drivers continued their deadly flights until spring. Military Highway No. 101, as this route was called, made it possible to increase bread rations and evacuate a large number of people. The Germans constantly sought to break this thread connecting the besieged city with the country, but thanks to the courage and fortitude of Leningraders, the Road of Life lived on its own and gave life to the great city.
The significance of the Ladoga highway is enormous; it has saved thousands of lives. Now on the shore of Lake Ladoga there is the Road of Life Museum.

Children's contribution to the liberation of Leningrad from the siege. Ensemble of A.E.Obrant

At all times, there is no greater grief than a suffering child. Siege children are a special topic. Having matured early, not childishly serious and wise, they did their best, along with adults, to bring victory closer. Children are heroes, each fate of which is a bitter echo of those terrible days. Children's dance ensemble A.E. Obranta is a special piercing note of the besieged city. In the first winter siege of Leningrad many children were evacuated, but despite this various reasons there were still many children left in the city. The Palace of Pioneers, located in the famous Anichkov Palace, went under martial law with the beginning of the war. It must be said that 3 years before the start of the war, a Song and Dance Ensemble was created on the basis of the Palace of Pioneers. At the end of the first blockade winter, the remaining teachers tried to find their students in the besieged city, and from the children remaining in the city, choreographer A.E. Obrant created dance group. It’s scary to even imagine and compare the terrible days of the siege and pre-war dances! But nevertheless, the ensemble was born. First, the guys had to be restored from exhaustion, only then they were able to start rehearsals. However, already in March 1942 the first performance of the group took place. The soldiers, who had seen a lot, could not hold back their tears looking at these courageous children. Remember How long did the siege of Leningrad last? So, during this considerable time, the ensemble gave about 3,000 concerts. Wherever the guys had to perform: often the concerts had to end in a bomb shelter, since several times during the evening the performances were interrupted by air raid alarms; it happened that young dancers performed several kilometers from the front line, and in order not to attract the enemy with unnecessary noise, they danced without music, and the floors were covered with hay. Strong in spirit, they supported and inspired our soldiers; the contribution of this team to the liberation of the city can hardly be overestimated. Later the guys were awarded medals "For the Defense of Leningrad".

Breaking the blockade of Leningrad

In 1943, a turning point occurred in the war, and at the end of the year, Soviet troops were preparing to liberate the city. January 14, 1944 during the general offensive Soviet troops the final operation has begun lifting the blockade of Leningrad. The task was to deliver a crushing blow to the enemy south of Lake Ladoga and restore the land routes connecting the city with the country. By January 27, 1944, the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts, with the help of Kronstadt artillery, carried out breaking the siege of Leningrad. The Nazis began to retreat. Soon the cities of Pushkin, Gatchina and Chudovo were liberated. The blockade was completely lifted.

Tragic and great page Russian history, which killed more than 2 million human lives. As long as the memory of these terrible days lives in the hearts of people, finds a response in talented works of art, and is passed on from hand to hand to descendants, this will not happen again! Siege of Leningrad briefly, but Vera Inberg succinctly described her lines as a hymn to the great city and at the same time a requiem for the departed.