Eye diseases in children: a list from birth to school age. Eye diseases in children

Many factors can predispose to eye diseases in children, since the visual organ has not yet fully formed. Ophthalmic diseases may be congenital or acquired.

Eye diseases in newborns lead to a slowdown in the development of the baby, because a huge amount of information about the world around comes through the visual organ. Diseases detected in preschool and school age hamper the learning process and lead to low academic performance.

In our article, we will present a list of the most common eye diseases in children.

Congenital eye diseases

The name "congenital diseases" indicates that there was a violation of the formation of the organ of vision in the process of intrauterine development or was inherited from parents.

(strabismus) - multidirectional eyes. Eyeballs with strabismus look in different directions, there are difficulties in focusing the gaze. Often with strabismus, amblyopia (lazy eye) develops, that is, one eye ceases to perform its function.
is an eye disease predominantly found in preterm infants. The disease is caused by the cessation of growth of retinal vessels and the formation of scar tissue. Vision in newborns may not be changed in the early stages, or clarity may be reduced. There is a risk of retinal detachment total loss vision.
- a disease caused by clouding of the lens. The pupil acquires a grayish tint, the lens does not transmit rays well, so they cannot be fully displayed on the retina. Cataracts lead to reduced clarity and blurred vision.
Congenital glaucoma is persistently elevated intraocular pressure. The disease occurs due to improper development of the outflow tract of aqueous humor. It accumulates, causing excessive pressure on the walls of the eye. The eyeball becomes dense, presses, bursts, hurts.
Ectropion - eversion of the eyelids outward. Available cosmetic defect and excessive lacrimation.
Entropion - inversion of the eyelids along with eyelashes. It occurs due to excess skin or muscle spasm. There are signs of mechanical irritation of the mucous membrane.
Ptosis is a symptom of a drooping eyelid. It seems to hang over the eye due to underdeveloped muscles or damage to the nerve pathways.
Nystagmus is a symptom in which uncontrolled eye movements occur in different planes. It is difficult for children to fix their gaze, due to this, visual functions are impaired.
Color blindness is a congenital disorder of color perception, mainly in boys. It is inherited from parents with altered genes.
- myopia, inherited from parents suffering from this disease. Violation of the quality of vision is noted from birth. Children do not see objects and do not recognize people who are at a certain distance, they narrow their palpebral fissures when trying to fix their eyes.
- retinal cancer. Most cases are associated with the hereditary transmission of altered genes. Symptom noted cat eye- whitish pupil, no reaction to light.

Infectious eye diseases

A group of infectious diseases arises due to the penetration of infectious agents into the children's organ of vision: bacteria, viruses, fungi.

Infection can occur when passing through the birth canal of the mother, through contact with sick people, when infection is introduced with dirty hands, and during an internal infectious process.

– inflammatory disease lacrimal gland. Manifested by swelling in the inner corner, pain, stagnation of tears. Purulent discharge is characteristic, which abundantly comes out with pressure.
- inflammation of the mucous membrane. In children, the conjunctiva turns red, lacrimation, pathological discharge appear. Conjunctivitis in newborns in most cases is caused by infection from a mother with chlamydia or gonorrhea.
Keratitis is inflammation of the cornea. Symptoms of keratitis are redness and swelling of the organ of vision, clouding of the cornea, fear of light, increased lacrimation, a feeling of a mote in the eye.
Uveitis is an inflammatory disease of the choroid. Uveitis appears in children with severe somatic diseases (diabetes mellitus, kidney and liver diseases). There are several forms, the main symptoms of which are inflammatory signs- redness and swelling, pain, and possibly a decrease in visual acuity.
Blepharitis is inflammation of the eyelids. With blepharitis, the eyelid swells, turns red, and itches. Purulent discharge appears, gluing the eyelashes.
- purulent round formation on the eyelid. Children with barley first experience itching at the site of the formation of the focus, then pain appears, aggravated by touch and movement of the eyeball.
eye disease in children chronic inflammation sebaceous gland century. Chalazion is similar to barley, but the inflammatory signs are less pronounced. prone to frequent relapses.

Children's diseases associated with impaired refraction of the eyes are detected quite early. In addition to impaired visual acuity, other symptoms are possible:

rapid fatigue of the visual apparatus;
redness, dryness of the conjunctiva;
headache.

List of diseases with impaired visual acuity:

(hypermetropia) occurs due to a shortened eye length or a violation of the refractive function of the cornea. Farsighted children can't see near objects well, but they can see far away clearly.
(myopia) is a refractive error, the opposite of farsightedness. Children can't see clearly at a distance, but they can see well up close.
- the inability to focus the image on the retina at one point. This happens when one eye is nearsighted and the other farsighted, and also when the eyes have varying degrees of refractive error. Children with astigmatism see equally poorly at any distance.
Spasm of accommodation, or. Often seen in schoolchildren. There is a temporary spastic contraction of the muscle responsible for accommodation. This leads to a decrease in visual acuity.
Convergence insufficiency is a violation of the ability of the eyes to turn towards each other. Children with convergence insufficiency experience fatigue, tension of the visual organ, quickly get tired when reading.

Treatment and prevention

All children with pathological symptoms on the part of the visual organ must be shown to a pediatric ophthalmologist. Early initiation of treatment allows for complete cure in many eye diseases in children.

Conservative therapy is usually used for infectious diseases (antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, as well as anti-inflammatory drops and ointments). With dacryocystitis, massage in the affected area is effective.

In the treatment of refractive disorders, glasses or lenses are prescribed, gymnastics for the eyes, hardware treatment and physiotherapy. With cataract, retinoblastoma, retinopathy, ectropion, entropion, ptosis, surgical treatment is prescribed to restore the anatomy and functions of the visual organ.

To prevent eye diseases in children, future parents should be examined and treated before conception. Children should eat right, get enough vitamins, observe hygiene, undergo preventive examinations at the doctors.

In addition, we invite you to watch a video of children's diseases of the organ of vision:

Tell us about eye diseases that you and your child have experienced. Share the article on social networks, it can be useful for young parents. Health to you and your children. All the best.

Signs of eye disease detected during a traditional consultative examination

Diagnostics eye diseases, like any other pathologies, begins with the collection of patient complaints. There are certain combinations of symptoms that allow you to make a preliminary diagnosis. eye diseases based solely on patient complaints. So, for example, a combination of such symptoms as morning gluing of the eyelids, copious discharge from the conjunctival cavity and redness of the eye without reducing its function indicate acute conjunctivitis. A triad of symptoms is characteristic of corneal lesions - severe lacrimation, painful spasm of the eyelids and photophobia.

However, in many cases, this kind of combination is also non-specific, like individual symptoms. In particular, complaints of blurred visual fields combined with a gradual painless decrease in visual function may indicate diseases of such different nature as cataracts, open-angle glaucoma, atrophy optic nerve and etc.

Therefore, diagnostic search for eye diseases can be quite difficult and require the use of special equipment. To save time, money and nerves, it is better for the patient to prepare for visiting an ophthalmologistby preparing answers to the most popular questions, such as:
1. When the symptoms of eye disease first appeared (in cases where the pathology develops gradually, it is often not so easy to remember the first minor symptoms - quickly appearing eye fatigue, flies before the eyes, gluing of the eyelids in the morning, etc.);
2. What measures were taken to eliminate unpleasant symptoms, and was there an improvement;
3. Did any of the relatives suffer from eye diseases or diseases associated with the eyes (hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, increased thyroid function, etc.);
4. Is the patient's work related to occupational hazards in terms of vision;
5. What eye diseases and eye surgeries have been transferred.

After a detailed collection of information, the ophthalmologist proceeds to examine the patient. Inspection begins with a healthy eye. In cases where both eyes are affected by the pathological process, they traditionally start with the right one.

The doctor pays attention to the mobility of the eyes, the condition of the palpebral fissure, the position of the eyelids, then, slightly pulling the lower eyelid, examines the mucous membrane of the conjunctival cavity.

A standard examination aimed at identifying eye diseases is carried out in daylight. Consultation with an ophthalmologist, as a rule, includes the well-known procedure for determining visual acuity using special tables (Golovin-Sivtsev table or children's visometric tables). If necessary, more complex methods of examination are prescribed.

What methods do ophthalmologists use when diagnosing eye diseases?

Most patients, after undergoing a traditional examination-consultation with an ophthalmologist, receive only preliminary diagnoses of eye diseases, to clarify which it is necessary to carry out one or another additional methods examinations, in particular:

biomicroscopy (study of the optical media of eye tissues, such as the cornea, iris, anterior chamber of the eye, vitreous body, using a slit lamp);
gonioscopy (examination of the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye, formed by the inner surface of the cornea and the outer surface of the iris and ciliary body);
study of intraocular pressure;
assessment of the sensitivity of the cornea (carried out in the "old-fashioned" way by gently touching a cotton swab to the surface of the membrane covering the pupil in the center and four places along the periphery);
conifocal intravital microscopy of the cornea (examination of corneal tissues using a specially adapted microscope);
studies of tear production and tear drainage, which determine the uniformity of the distribution of tears, the total amount of tear fluid production, the patency of the lacrimal ducts;
diaphanoscopy and transillumination of the eye (widely used for penetrating wounds and tumor processes of the eye, assessment of the state of the internal structures and membranes of the eyeball using diaphanoscopes that direct light through the sclera (diaphanoscopy) or the cornea (transillumination of the eye));
ophthalmoscopy (standard method objective examination fundus of the eye);
study of the central and peripheral fields of vision (study of the light sensitivity of the retina by establishing the boundaries of the fields of view and determining the usefulness of vision (absence / presence of blind spots in the field of view));
study of color vision, which is carried out using a special anomaloscope device, or / and special color tables and tests;
assessment of binocular vision (friendly work of the eyes), which is used in professional selection (pilots, drivers, etc.), scheduled examinations, as well as in the pathology of the oculomotor apparatus (strabismus, professional ophthalmopathy, etc.);
ultrasound examination of the eye;
fluorescein angiography of the eye fundus, which allows you to examine in detail the state of the choroid of the eye by introducing a special substance fluorescein into the blood;
optical coherence tomography (OCT) – modern way studies of the optical structures of the eye, which allows obtaining information at the microscopic level;
Heidelberg retinal tomography, which uses laser scanning to obtain ultra-precise information about the condition of the optic nerve head and the retina as a whole;
laser polarimetry – latest way objective research the state of the head of the optic nerve;
electrophysiological methods, which are the study of the activity visual analyzer based on changes in bioelectric potentials that occur in the cells of the cerebral cortex in response to light stimulation of the retina.

Treatment of eye diseases

How can eye diseases be treated in humans?
Treatment of eye diseases with folk remedies and methods
official medicine (surgical,
physiotherapy, medicine)

The main methods of official medicine are surgical and conservative. As a rule, to surgical intervention are resorted to in cases where a reliable and stable result is obtained with the help of conservative therapy impossible.

Primarily surgical treatment birth defects development of the eye, correct age-related changes (surgery to replace the lens in cataracts, surgical treatment of senile ptosis, inversion and eversion of the eyelids), restore normal circulation intraocular fluid with glaucoma, eliminate many malignant tumors and etc.

However, most eye diseases can and should be treated without resorting to a scalpel. So the need for surgery in many cases indicates untimely intervention or inadequate treatment of pathology (infectious eye diseases, "eye" complications of diabetes, etc.).

The main methods conservative treatment eye diseases are medical and physiotherapeutic. Under medical method understand the treatment of eye diseases with the help of local medicines (special eye drops and ointments) and, much less often, general action (drugs for oral administration and injections). Physiotherapy treatment is a fight against the disease with the help of physical factors (heat, electric current, magnetic field, etc.).

Modern medicine allows and welcomes the use of so-called folk remedies (beaver stream, honey, etc.) in the complex treatment of eye diseases. However, they should be used on the recommendation and under the supervision of the attending ophthalmologist.

What are the drugs for the treatment of eye diseases

All drugs for the treatment of eye diseases are divided into seven large groups according to their purpose and principle of action.

Anti-infective drugs are used to treat inflammatory processes caused by exposure to microorganisms. This large group of drugs includes the following types of drugs:

Antiseptics or disinfectants are drugs that do not penetrate into the inner layers of the skin and mucous membranes, but have a powerful local anti-infective and anti-inflammatory effect. The most popular are Vitabact eye drops, combined preparations containing boric acid, silver salts, etc.;
Antibiotics are substances of biological origin, as well as their synthetic analogues, which have a pronounced antimicrobial effect. For the treatment of infectious eye diseases, antibiotics from the group of chloramphenicol (eye drops levomycetin 0.25%), aminoglycosides (eye drops tobramycin (Tobrex)) and the latest antibiotics are most often used. broad action fluoroquinolones (eye drops Tsipromed (ciprofloxacin)).
Sulfonamides are one of a group of chemotherapy drugs that are effective against most types of bacterial infection. In ophthalmic practice, sulfonamides are represented by such a well-known drug as eye drops Albucid (sulfacyl sodium).
As antifungal drugs for the treatment of eye diseases, as a rule, drugs intended for oral administration (Nystatin tablets, etc.) are used.
Antiviral drugs used to treat eye diseases are divided into antiviral chemotherapeutic agents that directly eliminate viruses (for example, Acyclovir 3% ointment) and immune drugs that activate defensive forces organism (drug for intramuscular injection Cycloferon).

Anti-inflammatory drugs are typically used to treat non-infectious inflammatory eye conditions. It is also possible to use drugs of this group for protracted infections in combination with anti-infective therapy.

At the same time, a distinction is made between steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, for example, dexamethasone drops, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as eye drops containing a 0.1% solution of diclofenac sodium.

In addition, there are combined drugs with anti-infective and anti-inflammatory effects. Such drugs include Sofradex, Tobradex and Maxitrol drops, which are successfully used in infectious and inflammatory eye diseases with an allergic component.

Antiallergic drugs are intended for the treatment of eye diseases of allergic origin and include medicines from several groups. First of all, these are the so-called membrane-stabilizing drugs that prevent the release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells responsible for the development of the allergic process (eye drops Lekrolin and Ketatifen).

Dacryocystitis is an inflammation of the lacrimal sac, a special cavity for collecting lacrimal fluid located at the inner corner of the eye.

The tear fluid performs essential function, protecting the mucous membranes of the organ of vision from drying out and the development of dangerous infectious and degenerative eye diseases. Tears are produced by a specialized lacrimal gland located in the upper lateral part of the orbit.

The lacrimal fluid is evenly distributed in the cavity of the conjunctiva, while excess tears are removed through the lacrimal canaliculus, the mouths of which open on the conjunctiva of the inner corner of the eye below.

Through the lacrimal ducts, the lacrimal fluid enters the lacrimal sac, which ends blindly from above, and downwards passes into the nasolacrimal canal, which opens into the nasal cavity.

During fetal development, the opening of the nasolacrimal canal is closed, so that normally it opens with the first loud cry of the newborn. In cases where the thin film that blocks the nasolacrimal canal remains intact, there is a real threat of developing dacryocystitis in newborns.

The fact is that the lacrimal fluid is a good breeding ground for microorganisms that begin to multiply intensively in the overflowing lacrimal sac, causing an inflammatory reaction.

Symptoms of dacryocystitis in newborns are in many ways reminiscent of signs of conjunctivitis: the affected eye begins to fester, there is increased lacrimation, and cilia may stick together in the morning.

To suspect dacryocystitis in newborns will help such characteristic symptom as the defeat of only one eye and increased amount tears in the conjunctival sac.

Finally, you can verify the presence of inflammation in the lacrimal sac by slightly pressing on the area of its projection (the lateral surface of the nose at the inner corner of the eye) - at the same time, droplets of pus and / or blood will appear from the lacrimal openings, which are the mouths of the lacrimal ducts.

Neonatal dacryocystitis is a infectious diseases eyes that should not be treated antimicrobial agents. After all, purulent inflammation is only a consequence of pathological obstruction of the nasolacrimal canal.

So the most adequate treatment for dacryocystitis in newborns is to massage the lacrimal sac, which helps open the nasolacrimal canal. This is a simple procedure, the video of which can be easily found on the Internet. With clean hands, the mother gently presses on the projection of the lacrimal sac from top to bottom.

In the vast majority of cases, with the help of regularly repeated simple manipulations, it is possible to get rid of the film that covers the mouth of the nasolacrimal canal. As soon as the lacrimal fluid stops accumulating in the lacrimal sac, the infectious process is spontaneously eliminated.

In cases where a weekly course of lacrimal sac massage does not lead to success, the patency of the nasolacrimal canal is restored by surgical methods (probing and washing the lacrimal ducts, which is performed under general anesthesia).

Eye diseases in premature babies. Retinopathy (pathology of the retina) of premature babies: causes, symptoms, treatment

The main problem of premature babies is the immaturity of all body systems, as well as the need for many resuscitation measures that save the life of the baby, but can have an adverse effect on its further development.

A typical disease of the eyes of prematurely born children is retinopathy of prematurity, a severe pathology that often leads to irreparable loss of vision.

The immediate cause of retinopathy of prematurity is the immaturity of the vasculature of the retina - the inner shell of the eyeball, responsible for the actual light perception.

The vascular network of the retina begins to develop only at the 17th week of development. At the same time, by the 34th week of pregnancy (the gestational age is calculated from the first day of the last menstruation), the formation of vessels located at the nasal part of the retina is completed, so that the optic disc and macula (the area of \u200b\u200bthe retina responsible for the best vision) are already normally supplied with blood, however temporal part the retina is still extremely poor in blood vessels. Fully formation of retinal vessels ends only by the last - 40th week of gestation.

If a child is born prematurely, many unfavorable external and internal factors, which can cause the main manifestation of retinopathy of prematurity - a violation of the normal formation of retinal vessels, expressed in their germination inward into the vitreous body of the eye.

As a result, hemorrhages form in the vitreous body, and pathological tension of the retina by improperly growing vessels leads to its local or even complete detachment, ruptures, and other irreversible changes.

Retinopathy of prematurity as an eye disease varying degrees severity develops in 76% of children born at 24-25 weeks of gestation, and in 54% of children born at 26-27 weeks of gestation. At the same time, retinopathy of prematurity, threatening retinal detachment, occurs in 5% of children born at terms up to 32 weeks of pregnancy, and the risk of developing this formidable complication in children born at 24-25 weeks reaches 30%.

It should be noted that retinopathy of prematurity also occurs in children born at term. This happens when it comes to unripe fruit and / or exposure to extremely aggressive factors in the first hours and days of life.

born at less than 32 weeks of gestation;
born at any time with a weight of less than 1500 g;
born at a gestational age of 32 to 36 weeks and receiving oxygen for more than 3 days;
all premature infants with episodes of complete apnea (lack of breathing requiring emergency resuscitation).

During this eye disease, three periods are distinguished:
1. Active(about six months), when abnormal development of blood vessels occurs, hemorrhages occur in the vitreous body, as well as detachment, detachment and ruptures of the retina.
2. reverse development (second half of life), when there is a partial, and in mild cases, a complete restoration of the functions of the retina and vitreous body.
3. Cicatricial period or a period of residual manifestations, which can be judged a year after birth. The most common complications of retinopathy of prematurity are:

cicatricial changes after ruptures and retinal detachment;
moderate or high myopia;
clouding and / or displacement of the lens;
glaucoma (increased intraocular pressure);
subatrophy of the eyeballs;
corneal dystrophy with the subsequent formation of a walleye.

Specific prevention of retinopathy of prematurity has not been developed to date. All at-risk infants at the 5th week of life (but not earlier than at the 44th week of the estimated gestation) undergo an examination of the fundus.

In the event of a real threat of retinal detachment, ruptures or tears in this eye disease, either cryotherapy (cauterization of germinating vessels with cold) is performed, which can reduce the risk of irreversible blindness by half, or laser therapy (laser exposure to abnormal vessels), which is just as effective, but significantly less painful.

What to do with dacryocystitis in a child - video

Prevention of eye diseases in adults and children

Primary and secondary prevention of eye diseases in humans

There are primary and secondary prevention of eye diseases in children and adults. Wherein primary prevention is aimed at preventing the development of eye diseases, and includes a set of hygienic and recreational measures (observance correct mode work and rest, the use of special gymnastics for the eyes, reducing the time spent doing eye-tiring activities, the use of protection factors in the presence of occupational hazards, etc.).

Secondary prevention is a measure taken for the timely detection and treatment of eye pathology (scheduled examinations by an ophthalmologist, refusal of self-treatment, strict adherence to all doctor's prescriptions). Thus, if primary prevention is powerless, adequate treatment of a timely detected pathology helps to avoid severe consequences for the organ of vision and the body as a whole.

Prevention of eye diseases in children

Primary prevention of eye diseases in children primarily includes occupational and rest hygiene during all activities that require eye strain (reading, writing, drawing, working at a computer, playing with small details of designers, etc.).

It is necessary to observe the daily routine so that children's eyes rest well during sleep. Rational lighting and teaching the child the rules of reading and writing hygiene will help protect against eye diseases.

Many children like to read while lying down, as well as while riding in transport, often using material on electronic media for this, which puts a significant strain on the organs of vision. Parents should warn offspring that such behavior, as well as the use of material with small print and poor contrast, can lead to the development of serious eye diseases.

The hygiene of school classes provides for sufficiently long breaks between lessons, during which it is strongly recommended to provide complete rest to the eyes. After attending school, children should walk on fresh air or indoors, and do homework only after a sufficient break (minimum 2 hours).

Many parents ask when watching TV and using a computer can pose a risk of eye disease. It all depends on the overall load on the organ of vision. Of course, if a student is forced to spend a lot of time with textbooks, it is better for him to choose another type of entertainment (active games, sports sections, walks, etc.).

Secondary prevention of eye diseases in children consists in the timely passage of scheduled examinations by an ophthalmologist and the timely application for a specialized medical care when any alarming signs appear on the part of the organ of vision.

Prevention of eye diseases in adults. How to prevent the development of eye disease from the computer

Everyone knows that scientific and technical progress not only led to tremendous advances in medicine, but also became the cause of many diseases, including eye diseases.

The most common eye disease associated with the new conditions of human life is a computer syndrome, manifested by the following symptoms:

eye fatigue;
feeling of "sand" in the eyes;
soreness of the eyeballs;
pain when moving the eyes;
eye redness;
color vision disorders;
slow refocusing of the eyes from distant objects to near ones and vice versa;
the appearance of blurred vision, doubling of objects, headache during prolonged work with a computer.

The main reason for the development of computer syndrome is a violation of hygiene rules that protect the organ of vision. Therefore, in order to protect yourself from such an eye disease, it is enough just to follow all the simple requirements.
1. If the work is connected with a long stay at the computer, it is necessary to spare the eyes during off-hours. For example, instead of reading, you can listen to audio books, and learn the news from radio programs. Need to drastically reduce visit time social networks, reading forums, etc. It should be noted that "sedentary" work generally adversely affects health, therefore, in the list of entertainment, it is better to replace a computer and TV with outdoor walks, going to the pool or a trip to the country.
2. While working at the computer, you should observe the alternation of work and rest: 10 minutes break every 50 minutes of work.
3. It is advisable to complete every 20 minutes of work with a 20-second break for elementary gymnastics for the eyes (fixing the gaze on objects located at a distance of 6 meters and further from the monitor).
4. In the presence of eye diseases such as myopia, hyperopia or astigmatism, you should work at the computer with glasses or corrective lenses.
5. The optimal distance to the display (80 cm) should be observed, while it is desirable that the center of the screen be 10-20 cm below eye level.
6. Use high-resolution screens when using your computer regularly.
7. In order to choose the ideal working font size, it is necessary to empirically determine the minimum readable font size. The working size should be three times larger. The best type of text is black and white. Avoid dark backgrounds whenever possible.
8. Watch out for lighting, do not work near bright light sources, flickering lamps. In bright natural light, it is better to curtain the window, and cover the table surface with a matte material.

Prevention of eye diseases

Before use, you should consult with a specialist.

Effective remedy to restore vision without surgery and doctors, recommended by our readers!

eye organs - important elements v human body. If they get sick, this is a clear sign that there is a problem that needs therapy. are in the smallest patients, therefore it is necessary to develop special tactics for treating the eyes of children, which will allow you to feel much better after just a few days of use.

Features of the treatment process of the eyes in children

Eye diseases in children are in their extensive list a large number of pathological processes arising in connection with psychological, physiological and anatomical factors, therefore, the methods of treatment differ and vary. Some tactics are based on the use of the therapeutic process through medication, and some of them involve the need for surgery or in children. In young patients, many doctors note the effect after the use of hardware therapy.

Causes of eye pathologies in children

The disease is provoked by certain causative factors:

neglect of the rules of eye hygiene while reading or studying;
long stay at the computer or watching TV;
hereditary factors suggesting the presence of diseases in parents;
injuries and other mechanical damage;
abuse of certain groups of drugs.

Definition causative factor that caused the disease is half the success in the therapeutic process.

What diseases most often affect children

No matter how hard parents try to protect the child from external dangers, eye diseases still manifest themselves. But there are pathologies that are most common in young patients, so there is a “beaten track” in terms of therapy that facilitates the recovery process.

Conjunctivitis

This eye disease in children involves an inflammatory process in the conjunctiva, which is a thin eye membrane that covers the eye protein and the inner surface of the eyelids. called this pathology the action of a bacterial or viral infectious nature, most often the formation occurs as a result of a cold process. A disease of the visual organ of this type is determined in children at any age. The eyes turn red, the flow of tears is observed, a greenish tint appears.

Barley

This eye disease in children is most common, since there are the greatest number of conditions that can cause it. During the course of this pathology, redness is observed in the area of \u200b\u200bthe eyelid, a slight swelling is detected on it, an abscess appears at its top. The entire inflammatory process is accompanied by a sensation of itching, pain, and an increase in body temperature. The development of this disease can occur in children at any age. Eye treatment in children is determined strictly by the attending physician.

halazion

This pathology in children is expressed by the fact that the sebaceous gland is clogged, and its subsequent inflammation starts. Most often, the disease acts as a damaging factor in preschool children. age category. The problem can form in the upper or lower eyelid area, sometimes it affects both eyes. The disease can act as an independent disease, although sometimes it manifests itself against the background of other processes. Symptoms, swelling and redness of the mucous membrane. The treatment of this eye disease in children should be determined by the doctor.

Myopia

This is another serious disease affecting the child. Pathology implies a disturbed process in the functioning of vision, while due to an increase in the size of the eye, rays converge in front of the retina, which entails the formation of an insufficiently clear image. Most often, the pathology affects individuals school age due to the significant load on the visual system. Treatment of eye pathology in children should be thorough.

macular degeneration

It's over rare disease compared to other diseases, however, degenerative processes are hereditary ailments that manifest in the preschool age period. Since the disappearance of central vision, a gradual progression of this pathology has been observed. With an instant glance at the light source, the child may complain of unpleasant pain, and during the diagnostic complex there is a chance to notice brown spots at the bottom of the eye. 100% treatment of this eye disease in children cannot be carried out.

Destructive process in the vitreous body

The term DST is a disease that implies clouding in the region of the fibers that make up the vitreous body of the apple of the eye. This violation occurs in the observation in the field of view of various images, the movement of which is carried out immediately after the eye movement. In the common people, this process was called "flies in front of the eyes." Treatment of such an eye disease should be discussed with a specialist.

Astigmatism

This disease also occurs in children of preschool and school age. During the course of this pathological process there is a phenomenon of visual impairment, which implies the refraction of rays in a perpendicular plane, as a result of which a distorted image is formed in the retina. If the difference in refractive power is large, the contours of objects are blurred. Treatment involves the use of glasses to compensate for the difference in refractive power.

All methods of treating eye diseases in children

Traditional medicines for the treatment of eye diseases in children

Therapy of eye pathologies in children is extensive and multifaceted, it includes the ingestion of anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as other means, depending on the causative factor and the nature of the inflammatory process. In addition to internal preparations, antibacterial and antiviral drops, antihistamine groups, ointments and drip formulations are often used. Choice of final medicinal composition depends on the location and nature of the lesion, so self-treatment of the eyes in children can lead to negative consequences.

Hardware methods of therapy

Children's eye diseases can be treated through the use of hardware methods associated with the impact on the site of the lesion of special devices. The use of this method makes it possible to strengthen vision and its subsequent improvement, while there is no need to resort to surgical intervention. There are several recommendations in the presence of which the use of this tactic is recommended:

strabismus, suggesting abnormal problems with a violation of the parallelism of the axes of vision;
lazy eye syndrome - a situation in which there is a deterioration in the visual function of the secondary plan;
problems with binocular vision - they are caused by a violation of the ability to clearly distinguish objects by both visual organs;
other congenital and acquired pathologies in a child caused by problems with vision and its functioning - myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, asthenopia.

Traditionally, such therapy is carried out in courses, it is necessary to conduct sessions in the amount of 5-10 pieces. This type of treatment involves several methods, selected individually for each infant (baby) and adult child. The therapy is carried out without contact, so it can be easily and simply transferred even by small children.

Preventive actions

In order to prevent eye diseases and get rid of the need to find a method for their treatment in children, it is necessary to instill only good habits from birth.

In order to prevent infection, you need to be hands with soap;
On a regular basis, provide an increase in immunity in children;
With the penetration of foci of pathology, it is important to deal with their timely elimination;
If minimal inflammatory signs are observed, this is an occasion to consult a doctor;
Holding timely diagnosis- a significant part of the success of treatment;
Food must contain maximum amount vitamins;
It is necessary to limit the time spent by the child at the computer;
Regular exercise of the eyes will improve the general condition.

It should be understood that the lion's share of diseases can be cured exclusively in childhood Therefore, it is necessary to contact a specialist in a timely manner and tell him everything about the general picture of the disease.

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Of all the sense organs, the organs of vision in a newborn are the least developed, but this does not prevent parents, as soon as the child is born, to immediately ask: “Does he see me?”

No, he doesn't. Do parents see the child when it is in the mother's womb?

Do they need to see him when they address him with affectionate words? So why is it necessary for a child to see in order to develop his sensory perception of his parents, especially at a time when he begins to develop physically and this requires great effort?

Nevertheless, in the first days of a child's life, an ophthalmological examination is very important, which will detect visual impairment and diagnose the most common pathologies in infants: conjunctivitis and strabismus (strabismus).

The presence of congenital cataract is established during the first examination of the child by a pediatrician, but if strabismus is also detected during the first year of the baby's life, an ophthalmologist's consultation is necessary. It is necessary to systematically visit an eye doctor in cases where the parents themselves had vision problems in childhood, especially at the age of 1-2 years.

Even if you are convinced that the child sees well, it is very important to take him to an ophthalmologist, at least before he goes to school, where the load on vision will increase.

Why is it important to visit an optometrist? In any case, the child must be shown to the eye doctor if he has convergent or divergent strabismus; if he has any problems with his studies; if he complains of pain, pain or fatigue in the eyes; if his eyes are inflamed; if he suffers from headaches; if he tilts his head when he tries to examine something carefully; if the results of testing with the help of tables were unsatisfactory. Vision check with the help of tables is carried out at the age of 3-4 years and then at each visit to the ophthalmologist. However, the fact that a child satisfactorily reads a table when tested at school does not mean that there are no vision problems. If his eyes get tired quickly, he should be examined by a specialist.

Myopia (nearsightedness). The inability to see distant objects clearly is the most common vision problem in young children. This hereditary trait occurs from time to time in newborns, especially in preterm infants, but most often this disorder is detected after the age of two years. Myopia most often develops between the ages of 6 and 10 years. It can progress very quickly, so do not ignore the slightest sign of it just because a couple of months ago he had normal vision.

Nearsightedness is usually the result of the eyeball being longer than the child's eye's ability to focus. Less often, the disease is explained by a change in the shape of the cornea or lens of the eye.

Myopia is treated with corrective lenses. Remember, your baby is growing fast, and so are their eyes, so they may need new lenses every six months or more.

farsightedness. This is a condition in which the eyeball is shorter than the child's eye's ability to focus. Most children have farsightedness, but as they grow older, the eyeball lengthens and farsightedness decreases. Under normal conditions, as a rule, it is not necessary to wear glasses.

Astigmatism. Astigmatism is a condition in which the cornea refracts light rays differently. If a child has astigmatism, his vision may be blurred, he can not see objects both near and far at the same time. Astigmatism can be corrected with glasses.

Strabismus (strabismus) in children

Strabismus (strabismus) often worries parents from the moment a child is born. But they need to remember that the work of the eye muscles has not yet been coordinated in the newborn and it is still difficult for him to coordinate the movements of the eyeballs - so he mows. This transient strabismus will disappear on its own after a few months.

If strabismus appears in a baby at the age of 6-8 months, it can be assumed that its occurrence is associated with the growth of the roots of the nose. In this case, the strabismus will disappear when the child begins to crawl on all fours.

However, the appearance of a pronounced strabismus in the first months of a child’s life or at the age of up to a year requires a mandatory visit to an ophthalmologist, since you need to make sure that this is not an anomaly that can further affect visual acuity. Quite often, very young children are prescribed glasses. And often these children willingly put them on, because with glasses they no longer feel the inconvenience associated with visual impairment, that is, they see better in them than without them.

But if the child does not want to wear glasses, parents must find simple and convincing words to explain to the child that the world will seem clearer and more beautiful in glasses.

Strabismus is an uncoordinated eye movement caused by an imbalance in the muscles that control the eyes. Eyes new born baby tend to wander. But after a few weeks he should learn to move them simultaneously, and within a few months this wandering should disappear. If the infant's eyes continue to wander intermittently or do not turn in the same direction at the same time (if one eye turns in, out, up or down), he should be examined by pediatric ophthalmologist. This condition, called strabismus or strabismus, prevents both eyes from focusing in the same direction at the same time.

If a child has congenital strabismus, it is very important to straighten his eyes early in life so that he can focus on the same object with both eyes at the same time. Simple exercise for. the eye can't fix it, so treatment usually involves glasses, eye drops, or surgery.

If a child needs surgery, it is most often performed between the ages of six and 18 months. Surgery is usually fairly safe and effective, although in some cases, multiple surgeries may be required. Even after surgery, the child may need to wear glasses.

Sometimes it seems that the child has strabismus due to the structure of his face, but in fact everything is in perfect order with his eyes. These children may have a flattened bridge of the nose and pronounced skin folds near the nose, the so-called epicanthus, which can distort the appearance of the eyes and give the impression that the child is cross-eyed, when in fact it is not. This condition is called pseudostrabismus (which means false strabismus). This does not affect the child's vision in any way, and in many cases, as the child grows and the bridge of the nose becomes more prominent, this kind of pseudostrabismus will go away.

Due to the need for early diagnosis and treatment of true strabismus (or true strabismus), if you have any doubts that the child's eyes are not the same or do not look at the same time, be sure to tell the pediatrician about this, who can determine if your child really has some kind of problem. .

Strabismus occurs in about four out of every hundred children. It may already be present at birth (infantile strabismus) or may develop later in childhood (acquired strabismus). Strabismus can develop if the child has other visual impairments, eye injuries, or cataracts. If you suddenly notice a manifestation of strabismus in a child, inform the pediatrician immediately. Although in rare cases, this may signal the development of a tumor or other serious problem of the nervous system. In any case, it is important to identify and treat infantile strabismus as early as possible. If treatment of the turned eye is not started in time, the child may never master the ability to look with two eyes at the same time (binocular vision); if both eyes are not used at the same time, one of them may become "lazy", leading to the development of amblyopia.

Amblyopia in children

Amblyopia is a fairly common vision problem (affecting about two out of every 100 children) that develops when one of a child's vision is impaired or damaged, so they use their other eye more often. After that, the unused eye completely relaxes and becomes even weaker. Usually, the problem needs to be identified by the age of three in order to treat and restore vision to the damaged eye by the age of six. If the eye is left untreated for too long (after the child is seven or nine years old), the vision of the non-working eye may be permanently lost.

After the ophthalmologist corrects any problems in the non-working eye, the child may need to wear a bandage on the healthy eye for a while. This forces him to use and strain his “lazy” eye. This therapy may continue until the weakened eye begins to function properly. This may take weeks, months, the child may be ten and more years. As an alternative to a bandage, an ophthalmologist may suggest using eye drops or ointments to blur vision in the healthy eye, causing the child to strain the "lazy" eye.

Eye infections in children

If the white of the eye and the inside of the child's lower eyelid turn red, they may have a condition called conjunctivitis. This inflammation, also known as acute epidemic conjunctivitis, can be painful and itchy; these are usually signs of an infection, but these symptoms can also be due to other causes, such as sensitivity, an allergic reaction, or (rarely) a more serious problem. This condition is often accompanied by tearing and discharge, which is the body's way of trying to fight an infection or cure a disease.

If a child has a reddened eye, it must be shown to the pediatrician as soon as possible. The doctor will make a diagnosis and, if confirmed, prescribe the necessary drugs for the child. Never apply previously opened ointment or medicines prescribed to a family member on a child's eye. This can cause serious complications.

In newborn babies, serious eye infections can occur due to exposure to bacteria while passing through the birth canal, so all babies in delivery room antibiotic eye ointment or eye drops are applied to the eyes. Such infections should be treated as early as possible to avoid serious complications. Eye infections that occur after the baby is born can be quite annoying, as they are usually accompanied by redness of the eye and yellowish discharge. These symptoms may cause discomfort to the child, but in most cases they are not dangerous. They can be caused by viruses or bacteria. If the pediatrician suspects that bacteria may be causing the problem, antibiotic drops are the usual treatment. Conjunctivitis caused by viruses should not be treated with antibiotics.

Eye infections usually last about ten days and can be contagious. Except when you give your child drops or ointment, avoid direct contact with or cleansing of the child's eyes until the child has been on a course of prescribed medications for a few days and there are signs that the redness is going away. Wash your hands thoroughly before and after touching the area around the infected eye. If the child attends child care facilities, it is necessary to leave him at home until acute conjunctivitis will continue to be contagious. The pediatrician will tell you when you can send your child to kindergarten.

Diseases of the eyelids in children

Drooping of the upper eyelid (ptosis) may present as an enlarged or heavy upper eyelid or, if the drooping is mild, only noticeable if the affected eye looks smaller than the other. Ptosis usually affects only one eyelid, but in fact both can be affected. The child may have congenital ptosis or the disease may develop later. Ptosis can be partial, in which the child's eyes become slightly asymmetrical, or complete, in which the affected eyelid completely covers the eye. If a ptotic eyelid covers the entire pupillary lumen of an infant's eye, or if the heaviness of the eyelid causes the cornea to take on an irregular shape (astigmatism), this may threaten the development of normal vision and should be corrected as soon as possible. If there is no danger to vision, the necessary surgery is usually delayed until the child is four or five years old or even older, so that the eyelid and surrounding tissues become more developed, and thus a better cosmetic result can be achieved.

Majority birthmarks and tumors on the eyelids of a newborn baby are benign; however, since they may increase in size in the first year of life, parents are concerned about this. In most cases, these birthmarks and tumors are not serious and do not affect the infant's vision. Many lesions become smaller after the first year of life and eventually go away on their own without any treatment. Nevertheless, any violations or deviations from the norm must be shown to the pediatrician so that he can assess the severity of the violation and monitor the child's condition.

Some children are born with tumors that affect vision, or they appear in them after childbirth. In particular, a flat, purple-colored tumor (hemangioma) on upper eyelid the infant is at risk of developing glaucoma (a condition in which pressure in the eyeball increases) or amblyopia. Every infant with such a spot should undergo periodic examinations by an optometrist.

A little dark birthmark, so-called nevus, on the eyelid or the white of the eye itself, is extremely rarely a cause for concern or needs to be removed. Such formations must be shown to the pediatrician, and after that just make sure that its size, shape and color remain unchanged.

A small, firm, flesh-colored swelling on the eyelid or under the eyebrow of an infant is most often dermoid cyst. This is a benign tumor, which, as a rule, is present from the very moment of childbirth. Dermoids do not lead to cancer unless they are removed; however, since these growths increase in size during puberty, in most cases they are best removed in the preschool years.

Two other diseases of the century - chalazia and barley- meet often, but they are not serious. Chalazia is a cyst that forms as a result of blockage of the sebaceous gland. A stye on the eye is a bacterial infection of the cells surrounding the mature glands or hair follicles that are found along the edge of the eyelid. Call your pediatrician and find out how to treat this condition. Probably, the pediatrician will advise you to apply three to four times a day for 20-30 minutes. warm compress directly on the eyelid until the chalazion has passed. The doctor may need to examine the child before prescribing additional treatment, such as a course of antibiotics or eye drops. A stye is an infection of the eyelash follicle caused by bacteria. Barley usually ripens to a certain size and then bursts. Warm eye drops also help. (The eyelids are very sensitive, so warm water should be used, not hot water.) One stye is often followed by another, since it seems that when the stye bursts, the microorganisms spread to the rest of the lash follicles. That is why children should not be allowed to rub their eyes with their hands or touch the barley with their fingers while it is ripening.

If a child once fell ill with chalazia or he developed barley, then it is likely that the disease may occur in him again. If chalazion occurs periodically in a child, in some cases it is necessary to cleanse the eyelid to reduce bacterial colonization of the eyelids and free the pores of the sebaceous glands.

Impetigo is a highly contagious bacterial infection that occurs on the eyelid. The pediatrician will tell you how to remove the crust from the eyelid, and then prescribe an eye ointment and a course of antibiotics.

Problems with lacrimation and lacrimation

Tears play an important role in maintaining good vision, as they keep the eyes moist and free of various small particles, dirt or other matter that can damage or impair normal vision. The so-called lacrimal system ensures the constant production and circulation of tears and depends on normal blinking to help set the tears in motion and distribute them over the entire surface of the eye, after which they drain into the nasal cavity.

This lacrimal system gradually develops over the first three to four years of life. Thus, a newborn baby will most often produce just enough tears to cover the surface of the eyes, and it won't be until about seven or eight months after birth that they start crying "real" tears.

Blocked tear ducts, common in newborns and young children, can cause excessive tearing in one or both eyes because tears run down the cheeks instead of down the nose and throat. In newborn babies, blocked tear ducts usually occur if the membrane that covers them during childbirth does not disappear after childbirth. Your pediatrician will show you how to massage your tear duct and clean your eyes with wet compresses to remove discharge. Purulent, infectious discharge may persist until the tear duct is completely cleared. Because it is not an infection or acute conjunctivitis, antibiotics should not be used.

In some cases, a membrane or small cyst can cause blockage or inflammation of the tear ducts. If this happens to your child and the methods above fail, the optometrist may decide to open the blocked tear duct with surgery. In rare cases, this operation has to be performed several times.

Cataract in newborns

Although we generally think that cataracts are only a disease of the elderly, they can also occur in newborn babies and young children, and in some cases be congenital. A cataract is a clouding of the lens of the eye (the clear lens inside the eye that helps light rays pass through to focus on the retina). However congenital cataracts, which are much less common, are the leading cause of vision loss and blindness among children.

It is necessary to identify and treat a cataract in a child at an early stage so that his vision develops properly. A cataract usually appears as a white spot in the center of a child's pupil. If a baby is born with a cataract that blocks most of the light entering the eye, surgically remove the affected lens of the eye so that the child's vision can develop. Most pediatric ophthalmologists recommend performing such an operation in the first month of a baby's life. After removing the cloudy lens, the infant needs to correct vision with contact lenses or points. At the age of about a year, it is recommended to place a lens in the eye. In addition, the process of restoring vision to the affected eye in almost all cases involves the application of a patch until the child's eyes reach full maturity (age nine or older).

In some cases, a baby is born with a small cataract, which does not interfere with the development of vision at the initial stage. In most cases, these cataracts do not require treatment, but they require close monitoring to make sure they do not grow to a size that could interfere with a child's normal vision. Moreover, even if the cataract is too small size and does not serve as a direct threat to the development of vision, it can cause the development of secondary amblyopia (loss of vision), which will need to be treated by an oculist.

In most cases, the cause of cataracts in infants cannot be determined. Cataracts may be hereditary; it can result from an injury to the eye or as a result of viral infection such as rubella and chicken pox or infections of other organisms, such as those that cause toxoplasmosis. To protect the unborn baby from cataracts and other serious disorders, pregnant women should avoid excessive exposure to infectious diseases. In addition, as a precaution against toxoplasmosis, pregnant women should not clean the litter box and eat raw meat, as both can contain disease-causing organisms.

Eye injuries in children

If dirt or small particles get into the baby's eye, then their own tear washes them away, cleansing the eye. If tears cannot wash the eye, or if serious injury has occurred, after carefully examining the eye and performing next steps emergency care call the pediatrician or take the child to the nearest emergency room.

The presence of chemicals in the eye. Flush the eye with water for 15 minutes, making sure that the water goes directly into the child's eye. After that, take the child to the emergency department.

The presence of large particles in the eye. If the particle does not come out with tears or when washing with water, call your pediatrician. The doctor will remove the particle or refer you to an optometrist if necessary. In some cases, these particles cause abrasions on the cornea of the eye (corneal scratches), which are painful in themselves, but heal quickly when treated with eye ointment and wearing a bandage. Also, corneal damage can be caused by a blow or other damage to the eye.

Cut of the century. Small cuts usually heal quickly and easily, but deep cuts need urgent medical treatment: in this case, you may need stitches. Even if the cut is small, make sure that it is not on the edge of the eyelid or near tear duct. If it is in this place, immediately call the pediatrician - he will give you instructions on what to do in this case.

Black eye. To reduce swelling, apply to the site of injury for 10-20 minutes. cold compress or a towel. After that, see a doctor to make sure that there is no internal damage to the eye or the bones around it.

My child woke up with red eyes and green slime. Is it conjunctivitis? Do I need to put something in my eyes? When can a child go back to kindergarten?

Conjunctivitis is like a runny nose, only in the eyes. It is highly contagious and is easily passed from one child to another, as they often rub their eyes with dirty hands. Sometimes it is caused by a virus and then goes away on its own, and sometimes even by bacteria, and then antibiotic treatment is required. Rule of thumb- Eye antibiotics may be needed if yellow or green mucus comes out of the eyes, especially if the child cannot open his eyes when he wakes up. If the eyes are just red, and there is no discharge or they are transparent, you can wait for now. It will probably go away on its own in a few days. If the child has a runny nose or fever, feels unwell or seems unwell, show him to the doctor: sometimes inflammation of the eyes is accompanied by ear infections or sinusitis. Usually, the child can go back to kindergarten or school one day after the start of treatment or after the discharge has disappeared.

Call the doctor and describe the symptoms of the illness to see if you need to take your child to see a pediatrician or give him medication.

That does not pose a danger to the child's eyesight. Watching TV in close proximity to the screen and reading for a long time does not appear to have a negative effect on vision. However, reading in poor lighting can contribute to the development of nearsightedness.

Children in Lately suffer from serious illnesses. Pathologies that cannot be prevented are especially often manifested. Violation of visual functions leads to serious diseases. The article will tell you which eye diseases in children (photos and names are attached) are the most common.

Basically, newborns and preschoolers are at risk. Why? Infants may experience delays in proper development. Some preschoolers are not able to prepare for the learning process. Older children may experience lower academic performance and self-esteem. They refuse to visit sports activities and choose a profession they don't like. With the right diagnosis, many ailments are treatable. We will talk about the name of eye diseases in children of infectious and viral adventures below.

Causes

Eye diseases in children occur against the background of certain factors:

Congenital diseases: presence genetic predisposition with the development of the eyes, infections that develop in the womb, lack of vitamins, negative environment.
Factors affecting vision: inflammation of the fundus, allergic reactions to a specific irritant, infections on the membrane of the eyes, burns or injuries, severe strain on the visual apparatus, dark lighting in the room or regular computer use.

For visual impairment, consultation with experienced ophthalmologist. The specialist identifies the type of disease and prescribes a specific treatment. Eye problems can lead to serious complications. The child is threatened with severe headaches, impaired visual function, pathological enlargement of the fundus. As a result, the child may lose their sight.

It is worth highlighting chalazion - an eye disease in a child, which is characterized by the occurrence benign growth. Its causes are blockage of the duct and the presence of infectious diseases.

Symptoms

Children's eye diseases are characterized by certain symptoms. The appearance of itching, swelling, white discharge from the eye area indicates the initial manifestations of conjunctivitis. This disease is often found in newborns. There are varieties of conjunctivitis that differ from each other in certain symptoms. The allergic process is formed against the background of external stimuli. Allergens in this case are dust, plants and chemicals.

Viral inflammation is characterized by redness of the eyeball, swelling, regular tearing. The virus provokes infections of various origins. Bacterial conjunctivitis occurs when microbes get on the tissue that covers the eye area. As a result, purulent discharge and redness are observed in children. Infants show white discharge on the eyelashes, redness of the eyes, and swelling of the eyelids. Inflammation is caused by bacteria or various mechanical damage. Regular tearing, copious discharge may indicate the presence of inflammation of the sac of the inner eye.

Myopia

Specialists often encounter myopia in childhood. Usually children are born with this pathology. Especially if loved ones suffer from this disease. As a result, the child acquires similar disease. Symptoms appear at any time. Diseases are most often detected during the period of schooling. At that time healthy children prone to false myopia. The lack of preventive measures and proper treatment can lead to the formation of a serious pathology. If the child cannot detect objects at a long distance, then this indicates the appearance of children's myopia.

Many children do not realize that they have started to have vision problems. The main symptom is squinting of the eyes when approaching a certain object closely. Regular symptoms can only be seen in educational institutions. Children constantly complain of headache, discomfort and severe fatigue. It is especially difficult for them to focus on a particular subject.

Visual functions in childhood develop up to 8 years. It is during this period that it is important to detect violations of the visual apparatus. These include nearsightedness and farsightedness. You should pick up certain glasses that can stop the development of the disease. Otherwise, such violations of visual functions will lead to loss of vision. Children in preschool age should be examined regularly by an ophthalmologist. During the examination, the specialist will record a decrease in vision, conduct a special study and prescribe the appropriate treatment.

Strabismus

Strabismus is congenital disease eyes in children, changing the position of the eyes. The visual axes diverge on a certain subject. By appearance it is noticeable that the eye deviates incorrectly in a specific direction. Squint is serious problem for many children. Instantly violated visual perception child. Pathology is observed often in early childhood. The presence of the disease in infancy indicates a congenital pathology. The occurrence of the disease in preschool age indicates the factors that led to the appearance of this disease. Babies develop strabismus before the age of 4 years. Violation of the visual axis is considered only as strabismus.

Often the disease develops against the background of farsightedness of the baby. During this period, he poorly recognizes objects that are near him. Violation of the retina leads to the appearance of this pathology. In children, the images are distorted, and the picture is presented in a blurry form. With strabismus, visual acuity decreases. Complications are caused by a violation visual system. The transmission of information to the brain, which is remembered by the impaired eye, is blocked. Such a state causes mental disorder, and strabismus increases.

Amblyopia

Amblyopia is a congenital eye disease in children characterized by impairment of one eye. Basically, it develops against the background of turning off the brain or suppressing the vision of one eye. It manifests itself in chronic strabismus or in the presence of myopia, hyperopia. Instantly blocks vision in one eye. About 6% of children suffer from a similar disease. Treatment is always successful before the age of 6 years. At an older age, there is little chance of restoring vision. For a complete diagnosis of the disease, it is necessary to pass complete diagnostics.

Eye infections in childhood

Blepharitis is a serious inflammation that affects the upper and lower eyelids. The reasons are long exposure chemicals to the eye area. A simple form of the disease is redness of the eyelids that do not disturb the tissues of the fundus. Inflammatory processes are accompanied by minimal edema. The eyelids at this moment begin to blink strongly. Movement causes purulent discharge from the eyes. characterized by profuse swelling and severe redness around the eyelids. On the eyelids appear grayish scales that look like dandruff. When removing neoplasms, the skin begins to bleed slightly. The patient experiences severe itching in the eyelids. There are pain in the fundus and when blinking.

The ulcerative form of the disease is a serious illness. The condition of children during this period worsens. The main symptom is dried pus on the eyelashes. Crusts form that stick the eyelashes together. It is impossible to delete them. When you touch the skin, pain is felt. After removing the crusts, minor ulcers remain. With proper treatment, healing is slow. Recovery is only partial. During this period, eyelashes stop active growth and fall out.

Inflammation of the optic canal

Optic nerve disease is a serious inflammatory process that occurs within the ocular portion of the optic canal. The main reason is the penetration of infections into the organs of vision caused by meningitis, sinusitis or chronic otitis media. In rare cases, inflammation develops on the basis of allergic reactions or chemical poisoning. The severity of patients is characterized by the reasons that influenced the appearance of this pathology. Usually potent toxins affect the optic nerve instantly. The consequences of this situation are irreversible. Infectious processes develop over three days.

The main signs of the inflammatory process of the optic nerve is a decrease in vision for no particular reason. The perception of colors is impaired. When examining the optic canal, changes are observed in ophthalmic nerve, edema, blurred outlines, swelling of the optic arteries. With advanced inflammation, the disease progresses instantly. There is profuse swelling in the optic nerve. After a while, there is a combination with all tissues. In rare cases, minor retinal hemorrhage and clouding of the eyeball are diagnosed. In the presence of mild form inflammation vision is fully restored. Regularly carry out procedures that increase immunity. Treatment is based on antibiotics.

Purulent infections

Viral eye diseases in children cause pathogenic microorganisms. They penetrate into the fundus of the eye and multiply. In rare cases, the cause is an eye injury. There are several types of this disease. Iridocyclitis appears within 2 days after an eye injury. Impossible to touch the eye due to severe pain. The iris has a grayish tint, and the pupil becomes gray. Endophthalmitis is a severe form of the disease that occurs with serious inflammatory processes in the eye area. The pain syndrome is felt even in calm state. Examination reveals dilated blood vessels yellow eye fundus.

A purulent complication has a special concept - panophthalmitis. It occurs only in rare cases. With proper antibiotic treatment, this disease can be prevented. To prevent loss of vision, you need to seek help from a specialist. The disease of this type extends to the entire fundus of the eye. There is a sharp pain, swelling of the eyelids occurs, the mucous membrane has profuse redness and noticeably swells. Pus accumulates throughout the mucous membrane. The skin around the eyes turns red. The pain is intense. In a severe form of the disease, it is necessary surgical intervention. With a positively performed operation, vision is not fully restored.

Diagnostics

Eye disease in a child is determined by the doctor only after a complete diagnosis. At the first examination, all information about the patient is collected. Conduct a comprehensive examination of the fundus with the help of specialized equipment. To establish an accurate diagnosis, it is necessary to comprehensive examination. Carefully check the intraocular pressure. Using a slit lamp, examine the cornea, iris, vitreous body and anterior chamber of the eye. Examine the corneal tissue using a microscope. Examine the sensitivity of the retina to light. Examine the choroid of the eye intravenous administration special medicine. The state of the optic nerve disc is scanned with a laser.

Treatment

Treatment depends on what eye diseases the child has. Medical preparations It is not recommended to purchase on your own. Only a qualified doctor can prescribe them. The specialist selects funds taking into account important factors. He brings out general symptoms patient, his age and the presence of diseases in the body. In addition to the main drugs, drugs are additionally prescribed that prevent the violation of the intestinal microflora and preserve the natural gastric mucosa.

Many parents stop giving medication to their child after the symptoms in the eye area disappear. Doing so is not recommended. Bacteria are not destroyed during this period. After taking the medicine, they subside for a certain time. You should drink the full course of antibiotics prescribed by the doctor. Many antibiotics cause allergic reactions. When using any drug, you need to monitor your well-being.

The human body is fragile and balanced. The smallest violations can lead to serious consequences. Treatment of eye diseases in children with antibiotics can adversely affect internal organs person. Antibiotics have special benefits in eliminating eye diseases. Preparations can be for internal and external use. Potent substances are found in ointments, gels, lotions, creams. They take out in a few days. purulent inflammation and infections of various origins. They have a serious effect on the body. Allows you to get rid of viral diseases and infections.

For the treatment of eye diseases in premature babies, special therapy is prescribed. It includes processing skin outside and the use of antibacterial agents inside. "Doxycycline" is an antibiotic of the tetracycline group. Actively fights against unwanted microorganisms. Tablets should be taken after meals. You need to drink the medicine with a huge amount of water. You can take no more than 50 mg of the drug per day. The course of treatment is from 1.5 to 3 months.

"Penicillin" perfectly copes with various types of diseases. Available in the form of tablets, solution and dragee. The medicine has bactericidal actions, eliminates inflammatory processes, removes the formed pus from the surface of the skin. The dosage is selected individually, taking into account general condition patient. The interval between taking the tablets should be 8 hours.

Ospamox is a popular antibiotic for the treatment of eye diseases in newborns, which fights infections and inflammation in the body. It is used to eliminate inflammatory processes in the fundus. The drug treats infectious diseases of the mucous membrane of the skin. Most children tolerate it calmly and without complications. In some cases, it can cause allergic reactions, disruption of the intestinal microflora and sudden emotional irritation. It all depends on the individual intolerance of a particular component. All medicines should be taken as prescribed by the doctor. Otherwise, irreversible reactions may occur.

Prevention

In order to prevent eye diseases in a child, the following measures are taken:

To preserve a child's good eyesight, at school, several times a year, he should be transplanted to different desks so that his eyes do not get used to looking at the blackboard from only one angle.
The optimal time for playing on a PC or tablet, as well as watching TV shows without compromising the visual apparatus of the child, is one and a half hours a day, and for preschool children, 30 minutes.
Parents also need to make sure that their baby leads an active lifestyle and engages in instructive sports.
Be sure to include in the child's diet foods rich in vitamins needed for vision.