Today, the origin of the red five-pointed star is described differently. Some publicists claim that the Bolsheviks accepted Masonic symbols for their state and calmed down on that. This is partly true; the influence of Masonic organizations on revolutionary activities in Europe is difficult to overestimate. But the question of the symbolism of the young state is much more complicated than is commonly believed: after all, it was formed over the years, and the most different people took part in this process. For example, the swastika, which they initially tried to introduce as a symbol of the communist movement, came not from the Freemasons, but from supporters of the theosophy of Helena Blavatsky.
There are several interpretations of the meaning of the red five-pointed star.
The star, as a concept of European thinking, initially served as a symbol of eternity, and later became a symbol of high aspirations and ideals.
Even the ancient Pythagoreans, who believed that the basis of the world is number, made a discovery: the proportions of a five-pointed star are based on the principle of extraordinary attractiveness to the eye. Later these proportions were called the “golden ratio”.
The five-pointed star is anthropomorphic (that is, human-like): in the famous drawing by Leonardo da Vinci, a man with closed legs and outstretched arms looks like a cross; with open legs - on a star.
Stars in heraldry differed both in the number of rays forming them and in color. The combination of both gives different semantic and national meanings to each star. Five-pointed star (pentalpha, pentagram, star turned with its “head”, that is, one of the rays upward) - ancient symbol protection, safety and security. And vice versa, five pointed star, with one ray turned down and two rays up, takes on a sinister and bad meaning - in Western Europe since the Middle Ages, such an inverted star was considered to be a sign of the devil. The origin of the symbol is hidden.
Nowadays it is believed that Europeans borrowed the star from cultures Ancient Egypt or China. But it turns out that the five-pointed star has been familiar to the peoples of the North since ancient times. For example, among the Sami of Russian Lapland, the five-pointed star was considered a universal amulet that protects reindeer - the basis of the way of life of most northerners. In North Karelia, back in the middle of the 19th century, the fact of veneration of the five-pointed star by Karelian hunters was attested. Stumbling into winter forest When looking at a bear, the hunter quickly drew three five-pointed stars in a row in the snow and retreated behind them. It was believed that the bear would not be able to cross this line.
And among Russian pagans, the red five-pointed star was considered a sign of the spring god Yarila, the patron saint of farmers and warriors.
The pentalpha was perceived by laymen as the main symbol of Freemasonry, since “it has a connection with the tradition of Kabbalah and goes back to the “seal of Solomon” with which he marked the cornerstone of his Temple.” However, this is a misconception - in the symbolism of the brotherhood of masons, the five-pointed star had a subordinate meaning.
Freemasons and other European occultists especially valued not the red, but the “flaming” star. The famous mystic Dr. Papus reported about her: “The brothers learned about the existence of an invisible light, which is a source of unknown forces and energies - this secret light is depicted in the form of a pentagonal star. She was symbol of man, emitting a mysterious light from itself, and thus established this wonderful emblem.”
The red star appeared in Soviet symbolism after the All-Russian Collegium for the Organization and Formation of the Red Army, formed on December 20, 1917, proposed it as a military emblem. It was specifically advocated by Konstantin Eremeev, the first Soviet commander of the Petrograd Military District, chairman of the Commission for the formation of the Red Army. According to another version, the author of the idea was the military commissar of the Moscow Military District Polyansky.
By order of the People's Commissariat for Military Affairs of April 19, 1918, the red five-pointed star was introduced as a breastplate for all personnel of the Red Army. Its wearing was confirmed by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic No. 310 dated May 7 of the same year.
The wearing of the badge was also regulated by order of the People's Commissariat for Military Affairs No. 321 dated May 7, 1918, signed by Trotsky, Mekhanoshin, Podvoisky and Sklyansky. The order read: “The Red Army badge belongs to persons serving in the Red Army. Persons not serving in the Red Army are asked to immediately remove these signs. For failure to comply with this order, those responsible will be tried by a military tribunal. The order comes into force from the date of its publication.”
The order was accompanied by a description and drawing of the Red Army insignia.
According to an article in the newspaper of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee "Red Star", the red star symbolized the struggle of workers for liberation "from the hunger of war, poverty and slavery", and was the emblem of "the workers' and peasants' Soviet power, the defender of the poor and the equality of all workers." Explaining this symbol, the Military Department of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee issued a special leaflet with the image of a star. It said, among other things:
“This red star is the sign of the workers’ and peasants’ Red Army, the defender of all workers, all the poor. You see a hammer and a plow on the red star. Do you know what this is? The hammer and the plow mean the unity of the city worker and the village plowman, who entered into an alliance to defend their land and freedom, their workers’ and peasants’ power and the socialist Fatherland from the enemies and executioners of the working people to the last drop of blood.”
However, it is unlikely that the Revolutionary Military Council ignored another meaning of the symbol: the red star - Mars - the god of war. And almost certainly many revolutionaries easily accepted the red five-pointed star because they remembered Bogdanov’s popular novel, in which the red star was a sign of utopia, a better and more just future.
Later, other, sometimes curious, interpretations appeared.
Merits of Jewry to the working people
In 1923, the symbol of a five-pointed star was included in the coat of arms of the USSR as a badge as a figurative addition to the motto “Workers of all countries, unite!” The five rays of the star were explained as five continents, where there is a struggle between labor and capital. From that moment on, the red star began to be considered the emblem of international workers' solidarity. The Red Star has regained its cosmopolitan character, not tied to the national army of a particular state. The god of war was replaced by the god of the coming world unity...
What does the five-pointed star mean and where did it come from in Soviet symbolism? Who suggested and why to use a five-pointed star
The five-pointed star, or “pentacle”, has been known since ancient times - it was used as a symbol of protection, security and safety in their totems and ritual drawings even primitive people, as well as representatives of the earliest civilizations in the territories of modern Turkey, Greece, Iran and Iraq. It was also a revered emblem among the Japanese and American Indians. Among the Sami of Russian Lapland, the five-pointed star was considered a universal amulet that protects reindeer - the basis of the way of life of most northerners. In North Karelia, back in the middle of the 19th century, the fact of veneration of the five-pointed star by Karelian hunters was attested. Having stumbled upon a connecting rod bear in the winter forest, the hunter quickly drew three five-pointed stars in a row in the snow and retreated behind them. It was believed that the bear would not be able to cross this line.
Archaeologists suggest that at the dawn of civilization they tried to symbolically depict the heraldic figure of the Big Bird, who supposedly created the world with a spit from its beak. The Pentacle seemed to our ancestors to consist of five triangles - signs of the Eternal Sky, where the Gods live. The number five is generally symbolic: after all, our hands and feet have five fingers. Five processes “stick out” from our body - two arms, two legs and a head. In the drawing of the brilliant Leonardo da Vinci, the “ideal” person, having placed them widely to the sides, himself resembles a five-pointed star. And later people learned that the planet itself consists of five main continents.
The ancients noticed this phenomenon and were so shocked that Venus and her pentacle became symbols of love and beauty. That is why the ancient Greeks organized the Olympic Games once every eight years, and centuries later, with the revival of the Olympic movement, the five-pointed star almost became their main symbol - at the very last moment, under pressure from the Church, it was replaced with five rings, since the priests considered the five-pointed star a symbol paganism and, to put it mildly, “didn’t like it.”
In the Middle Ages, the inverted five-pointed star acquired a different meaning: evil and sinister - it resembled the face of a horned goat used in the rituals of witches and sorcerers, or even the face of Satan himself. Moreover, such “witch” stars were red - since ancient times, red has symbolized not only beauty, but also rebellion, revolution, independence - with a willingness to shed blood for all this. Psychologists note that red is the most aggressive color. It always catches your eye, it seems visually closer. The color red in clothes is also a kind of indicator of “energy expenditure”: they say that a woman in red is easier to seduce. As a result, a five-pointed red star became a symbol of the element in which they were to be born or challenge the old world " new order”, or complete chaos - depending on where its rays are looking.
However, in Russia, until 1917, five-pointed stars were used infrequently as a symbol - as a top on Christmas trees or decorations on wrapping paper for gifts, and occasionally on embroidered peasant towels. Even at the turn of the 20th century, small five-pointed stars appeared on the shoulder straps of Russian officers. But the Bolsheviks who came to power, “to the ground” destroyed old world, urgently needed new symbolism - and here the red pentacle came in handy more than ever!
According to some sources, the first to introduce a five-pointed star in the spring of 1918 as a distinctive sign of Red Army soldiers was the military commissar of the Moscow Military District, Nikolai Polyansky. According to others, the “father” of our five-pointed star was Konstantin Eremeev, the first Soviet commander of the Petrograd Military District, chairman of the Commission for the formation of the Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army. And she was finally “adopted” by one of the Bolshevik leaders of the Bolsheviks, Leon Trotsky.
The first official sketch of the red star as a sign of the Red Army was approved in the spring of 1918. On April 19, a correspondence appeared in the newspaper “Izvestia of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the Soviets of Peasants, Workers, Soldiers and Cossack Deputies”, which stated that the Commissariat for Military Affairs had approved a drawing of a breastplate for soldiers of the Red Army in the form of a red star with a golden image of a plow and a hammer in the center. The star itself, which, by the way, was called the “star of Mars” both in the article and for some time after its official adoption, personified, on the one hand, the god of war Mars, and on the other, due to its red color, the defense of the revolution. And the symbolism of the hammer and plow was even easier to read: they, of course, personified the “worker-peasant” character of the new army.
It is interesting that in one of the preliminary sketches, drawn and proposed by the commissar of the Moscow Military District Nikolai Polyansky, in addition to the plow and hammer, there was also a book - as a symbol of the intelligentsia. But they refused the book, considering that it overloaded the sign and made it difficult to read. The idea itself of combining the symbols of workers and peasants in one sign was first realized in March 1917, when an image of a crossed hammer, plow and rifle appeared on the banner of the workers of the Moscow Faberge factory.
With official approval by order of the People's Commissariat of Military Affairs of the Republic No. 321 of May 7, 1918 new sign The Red Army received the name “Mars star with a plow and hammer” and was supposed to be worn on the left chest. By the way, many Red Army soldiers, especially Red commanders, preferred to put the sign on the sword belt so that it would not cling to it and cover it, turning the Red warrior into an unknown armed man. And this consideration in July 1918 forced the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic to give the order to move the red star from the chest to the band of the cap - a place that became familiar to several generations of Soviet soldiers. And on November 15 of the same year, RVS order No. 773 was issued, by which the red star was finally placed on headdresses, not only of the Red Army, but also of the Red Navy.
The first enamel red star, called “Mars”, had characteristic shape. Its rays were thicker than we are used to seeing, and their edges were slightly convex, making the entire star seem more voluminous. In this form - with convex thick rays, a hammer and a plow - it existed for four years. On April 13, 1922, the plow, which was considered a symbol of the wealthy peasantry, that is, the kulaks, was replaced by the poor peasant's sickle (although, most likely, this replacement had a more mundane design explanation: the sickle is simpler to depict and easier to perceive). Three months later, on July 11, the shape of the star’s rays was also changed - they were straightened, giving the sign a look that is familiar to us.
An interesting but little-touched topic is the symbolism of the five-pointed star. This simple symbol is one of the oldest; it began to be used several thousand years BC. It has become widespread in many cultures and has a great meaning. The same star, differing only in color, is present in the symbolism of the United States, the European Union, Soviet Union, China and many other countries and social movements. Since it is widely used to convey various meanings and ideas, for a better understanding of them, we will briefly consider some of its main meanings.
The first known use of the five-pointed star occurs in the states of Sumer in Mesopotamia 3000 BC. e. In their writing, such a pictogram designated a corner, a small room, a hole.
Among the ancient Pythagoreans, the pentagram (from the word pentagramos - five-linear) meant five shelters where primeval chaos was placed during the creation of the world, and they were located in Tartarus. The darkness found in these refuges was considered the source of the soul of the world, as well as the source of wisdom. This pentagram was drawn with two rays upward.
The symbol of the goddess who rules over this other world- an apple, because when cut you can see a pentagram in it. Therefore, the pentagram was also a symbol of health and the goddess Hygieia. In addition, Pythagoras argued that in geometry the pentagram is mathematical perfection. But without delving into the mathematical characteristics of this figure, let's move on.
In Kabbalah, a pentagram with one ray pointing upward signifies the Messiah. The pentagram is also a symbol of the seal of Solomon and was for some time the official seal of Jerusalem.
For a Muslim, it can mean the five pillars of the Muslim faith and the five daily prayers.
In Christian Europe, the five-pointed star had a whole series symbolic meanings. In addition to what remains from the time ancient world symbol of health, she symbolized with five rays the five senses, five fingers. In religion, the pentagram was used as a symbol of the five wounds of Christ, the five joys of Mary, which the perfection of her son Jesus brought her. It also symbolized the Star of Bethlehem at Christmas (in Russia the Star of Bethlehem was seven-pointed).
One of the main meanings of the five-pointed star was a symbol of the humanity of Christ, so during the Renaissance, when man and the human personality began to take on more and more importance, this symbol also became more important. The five-pointed star resembles a man with arms extended to the sides and legs spread apart, similar to the drawings of Leonardo da Vinci. With the development of humanism and atheism, the star began to mean simply human personality, as the new highest value new era.
The five-pointed star and humanistic ideals really became widespread during the Great French Revolution. With the advent of the new atheistic ideology, man was placed in first place in the value system, and the star, in its humanistic meaning, became one of the most important symbols. As a result of these changes, the star also became widespread in military symbols at first French Republic, and then other countries. In this sphere, she symbolized the god of war, Mars, who, according to legend, was born from a lily, which resembles a five-pointed star. This sign is used for both identification and various other designations.
With the spread of the values and social forces of the new era, the five-pointed star began to spread. She has always been an important sign in the symbolism of the Freemasons, social power, which began to gain global significance after the French and American revolutions. In addition to ancient and occult meanings, the star began to be widely used by them to publicly express their ideas - the spiritual improvement of man and the elevation of man to the head of the entire value system in an atheistic version. Therefore, the star is widely used in the state symbols of many countries built according to Masonic drawings - the United States, where the stars on the flag also mean the Kingdom of Heaven, the European Union and others.
The five-pointed star is also used by many movements and organizations, its symbolism is often associated either with the Masonic forces behind them, or with the communist movement that has adopted it into its symbolism.
A star with two rays upward is used by the Church of the Saints last day"or Mormons. Inverted star with rays different colors symbolizing the Star of Bethlehem is also the symbol of the largest fraternalist organization - the Order of the Eastern Star. This order unites about a million Masons at least at the rank of master and is known for its charitable activities.
An inverted pentagram with two rays upward is one of the main symbols of Satanists. Such a pentagram means Tartarus or hell, the place where fallen angels. Inside the inverted pentagram, the head of Baphomet is also often drawn in the form of a goat's head. All this symbolizes anti-human nature and the worship of animal passion. The three downward rays of the star also mean the rejection of the Holy Trinity.
The pentagram is also often found among pagans, serving them as one of the symbols of faith - the five ends of the star mean earth, water, air, fire and spirit. Although in ancient times the pagan pentagram was drawn with two rays upward, now it is usually depicted with one ray upward, so as not to evoke associations with Satanists. Both in ancient times and today, the pentagram remains an important symbol for the Druids, Wiccans, Neo-Pythagoreans and other pagan and magical groups.
In the 20th century, when the communist movement began to gain global significance and the socialist revolution took place in Russia, the new state needed new symbols. Initially, the red star with a plow and a hammer was adopted as the emblem and identification mark of the Red Army. Here the star symbolized the god of war, Mars, and this emblem represented the protection of peaceful labor.
However, in the first years, due to the existing in the core Bolshevik organization anti-Christian and Zionist elements, the image of a star with two ends up was adopted. The first Soviet Order of the Red Banner had just such an inverted image of a star.
But such a symbol caused such rejection in society that they soon abandoned it and officially approved the image of the star with one ray upward.
But new country New state symbols were also required, and the red star turned out to be a fairly suitable and popular symbol for this. Therefore, it soon moved from the banners of the army bringing liberation to the world proletariat to the coat of arms and banners of the first country building communism. In Soviet state symbols, a red star next to a hammer and sickle began to mean the unity of the working people of five continents with a single beginning and goal. The color red symbolized brotherhood and the blood shed for the freedom of workers around the world.
Alexander P.
"The Red Star is a symbol of the unity of the worker and the plowman, who threw off the bloodsucker Tsar, landowners and capitalists from their necks and hoisted the Red Banner of Socialism over Russia. The Red Star is a symbol of the workers' and peasants' Soviet power, the defender of the poor and the equality of all workers. (... ) Shine brighter, our red star, and illuminate the whole world with your radiant rays of freedom and equality for all working people."
Red Star. Ed. All-Russian Central Executive Committee. M., 1918, p. 5.7.
"You can offer me a flag other than red, any coat of arms other than the Jewish five-pointed star or other Masonic symbol, and any anthem other than the Internationale."
The main distinctive emblem of the Bolsheviks was the red five-pointed star, officially installed in the spring of 1918. Initially, Bolshevik propaganda called it the “Star of Mars” (allegedly belonging to the ancient god of war - Mars), and then began to declare that “the five rays of the star mean the union of the working people of all five continents in the fight against capitalism” (see Red Army. - “Izvestia of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee” "(M.), 1919, 11.V., No. 92, p.3; Drachuk V.S. Heraldry M., 1977, p.94). True, here the Bolsheviks could not explain why exactly the same stars appear on the coat of arms and flag of the largest citadel of world imperialism - the USA, as well as on the state emblems (or flags) of Bolivia, Brazil, Venezuela, Honduras, Costa Rica, Cuba, Liberia , Panama, Paraguay and Chile, where the situation of the working masses has traditionally been extremely difficult.
Coat of arms of Paraguay (What not soviet symbol!)
In reality, the five-pointed star has nothing to do with either the warlike deity Mars or the international proletariat. This is an ancient occult sign (obviously of Middle Eastern origin), called in heraldry a “pentagram” or “Star of Solomon” (not to be confused with the six-pointed “Star of David”, which deserves a separate discussion).
One of the oldest Middle Eastern images of a pentagram on a vessel (Mesopotamia, 4th millennium BC)
It should be emphasized that the party flag of the Zionist movement, personally designed in 1897 by the Ober-Zionist Theodor (Benjamin-Zeev) Herzl, simultaneously contained one large six-pointed “Star of David” and seven small five-pointed “Stars of Solomon” - obligatory ritual accessories of Jewish Kabbalism (see. "Motherland", 2002, No. 4/5, p. 95). Note that in 1903 in Russia, the Zionists started issuing “copper tokens with the image of a star and five main figures on the Zionist issue” (see “Bulletin of the Archivist”, 2001, No. 2, p. 205)
The pentagram is constantly used in Masonic symbolism, from where it came into the state emblem of the USA, post-war Italy and other countries ruled by Freemasons (the coats of arms of many Latin American republics are actually slightly modified signs of local Masonic lodges that came to power in the 19th century as a result of anti-monarchical revolutions) .
Masonic signs in the form of a pentagram
As is known, the Freemasons set as their program goal the so-called “globalization” - that is, the subordination of all the peoples of the Earth to a certain “World Government”, which is under the complete control of Freemasonry (primarily American-Israeli): “... We will tire the goyim so much that we will force them agree to an international power that can, without breaking, absorb into itself all the state forces of the world and form a Super-Government. In place of modern rulers we will put a monster, which will be called a super-governmental administration. His hands will be stretched out in all directions, like pincers, with such a colossal organization that it cannot fail to conquer all nations. (...) It is necessary to ensure that, besides us, in all states there are only the masses of the proletariat, a few millionaires loyal to us, policemen and soldiers. ... We will ... entrust responsible positions in states ... to persons whose past and character are such that an abyss has opened between them and the people, to such people who, in case of disobedience to our instructions, will have to wait either for trial or exile. This is so that they defend our interests until their last breath” (see Zion Protocols No. 5, 7, 8).
"Globalized" Globe, entangled in Masonic symbolism
As for Russia, the leading printed Masonic mouthpiece, the Parisian magazine “Acacia,” directly wrote in an editorial at the beginning of 1904: “Genuine politics Western Europe should consist of dismembering this colossus before it becomes too dangerous. A possible revolution should be used to restore Poland as a protective wall of Europe, and the rest of Russia should be divided into three or four states” ((see Soloviev O.F. Freemasonry in world politics of the 20th century. M., 1998, p. 42) .
Short and clear! One more the most important task Freemasonry is the destruction of the Christian religion. Hence, among the highest degree Masons, the satanic cult of worship of Baphomet is secretly practiced - the incarnation of the devil in the form of a winged goat, on whose forehead the same red pentagram shines.
Very often, Satanists draw a pentagram with both ends up so that the devil’s head can be easily inscribed there (“Pentagram of Baphomet”).
Satanic pentagrams on Masonic symbols
By the way, the notorious authors of the communist anthem “The Internationale” - the poet E. Pothier and the composer P. Degeyter - were also Freemasons (which was always kept silent in the USSR). International Masonic lodges secretly provided the Bolsheviks with comprehensive support, especially financial (see Nikolaevsky B.I. Russian Masons and Revolution. M., 1990, pp. 66-67).
Red (just like the Bolsheviks) pentagram on Masonic signs
And the Marxist plans for the “world proletarian revolution” were clearly of Masonic origin, especially since a number of the most prominent Marxists (including some Bolshevik leaders) were members of Freemasonry. These included the “leader of the October Revolution” (as he was called in the communist press) L. Trotsky (Leiba Davidovich Bronstein). It was Trotsky who proposed making the Masonic pentagram the identifying emblem of Bolshevism.
Twin brothers. Masonic badge of 1917 and badge of a delegate of the 3rd Congress of the Comintern with the image of Lenin, 1921 (find the fundamental differences)
Note that this pentagram was often placed by the Bolsheviks on Red Army uniforms, military equipment, various signs and tokens and all sorts of attributes of visual propaganda in a purely satanic way: with two “horns” up.
Propaganda plate with the pentagram of Baphomet, in the center of which is the head of a security officer. Around the circumference there is a characteristic inscription: “Everywhere I see a conspiracy of the rich, seeking their own benefit under the name and pretext of good.”
The horned “pentagram of Baphomet” can also be seen on the combat “Symbol of World War II”, established on September 16, 1918 (again at Trotsky’s suggestion). Socialist Revolution" - the Order of the Red Banner of the RSFSR (and similar orders of the same name of the Azerbaijan SSR and the Mongolian People's Republic and the badge “Hero of the Revolutionary Movement”).
Similar satanic pentagrams adorned special award certificates awarded to distinguished security officers. Chairman of the Cheka Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky quite consciously and confidently wore a similar devilish star as a cockade on his service cap (see Rodina, 2007, No. 12, p. 7).
Let us add that the portrait of this “fiery revolutionary”, placed inside the “pentagram of Baphomet”, was the central part of the composition of the special Chekist order “Felix Dzerzhinsky” designed in 1932 (this project was rejected by Stalin, who deeply hated “Iron Felix”, whom “the leader of the peoples “rightly called an “active Trotskyist”). This is the truth about the true origin and real meaning of the Bolshevik emblems.
And the final deliverance from this Kabbalistic Masonic-Satanic symbolism (which, among other things, continues to desecrate the sacred towers of the Moscow Kremlin) seems an indispensable condition genuine national revival of Russia.
S. V. Naumov, historian
