Experience of specific prevention of gumboro disease. Controlling gumboro disease in broiler chickens

Chronic illness birds, caused by intracellular infection, is respiratory mycoplasmosis. It primarily affects the respiratory organs and air sacs of birds. The pathogen can cause an entire epidemic in the poultry house and harm chickens and their egg production. There is a high mortality rate among broilers and young animals.

Every chicken can become infected with mycoplasmosis.

The source of the pathogen is in the soil, on plants and in manure. Mycoplasmosis is neither a bacteria nor a virus, but occupies an intermediate position, so treatment of the disease is quite complex.

There is a pathology similar to mycoplasmosis that occurs in recently hatched chickens. This is an infectious bursal disease. Otherwise known as Gumboro disease, it is highly contagious. viral disease, which affects the kidneys and bursa of Fabricius in birds. Hemorrhages also occur in muscle tissue. The bursal disease virus is capable of suppressing the immunity of chickens, destroying B-lymphocytes, thereby sharply reducing protective functions body.

Gumboro disease poses a serious threat to the agricultural economy. It always flows into acute form, is characterized by high mortality of chickens, and treatment does not give the desired result.

Pathogenesis of respiratory mycoplasmosis

Mycoplasmosis in chickens is a common disease. Adults often carry this pathogen, but remain healthy. If the infection causes inflammation of the joints, compaction and swelling will form there. Multiple fibrous formations form in the tissues of the bird. Characteristic degenerative changes also occur in the liver parenchyma.

Conjunctivitis is common with mycoplasmosis

Very often, respiratory mycoplasmosis develops along with echinococcosis. If two of these infections are found in the body of birds, treatment of the disease becomes significantly more complicated.

Initially, the infectious agent enters the lungs of chickens, no manifestations are visible. Typically, the process of mycoplasma reproduction begins under the influence of stress, hypothermia, or as a result of improper care of the bird. Also, a provoking factor can be a decrease in immunity and eating disorders.

A greater predisposition to the development of infectious mycoplasma is observed in broilers. These chickens are raised indoors, stuffy rooms, where litter quickly becomes wet. Due to lack of fresh air, outbreaks of the disease in broilers occur frequently and are severe. Arises large number foci of infection in the poultry house, which is why the epidemic is developing rapidly.

General signs of mycoplasmosis

The course of this disease in poultry is quite complex. The chronic nature of the disease greatly weakens the chickens’ body and the longer the disease continues, the less chance there is of a favorable outcome. Symptoms, treatment and course of the disease largely depend on the age of the bird, the body’s resistance and immunity. The incidence rate in young chickens is much higher than in adult chickens.

This is how chicken mycoplasmosis manifests itself

Reproducing in epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract, the virus begins to spread throughout the body through the bloodstream. Respiratory mycoplasmosis causes the following symptoms in birds:

  • from the respiratory system: difficulty breathing, wheezing, cough;
  • from the digestive system: lack of appetite, weight loss;
  • there is discharge of serous fluid from the nose;
  • state of lethargy and lethargy;
  • temperature is normal or subfebrile;
  • reduction in the growth rate of chickens.

Weakened by illness, chickens look for a secluded place where no one will disturb them. Intoxication is especially bad in broilers. At the same time, there is general inhibition; when startled, no reaction is observed. At severe course complications such as infectious sinusitis and joint inflammation may occur. In this case, the chickens begin to limp and try to move less.

Examination reveals inflammation and hardening of the joints. The disease often affects the eyes of birds, causing symptoms such as increased tearing, inflammation and suppuration. The chickens have practically no visible symptoms, but they die quite quickly.

Vaccination of poultry against bursal disease

Only vaccination of all individuals in the poultry house makes it possible to prevent further development of the disease. To ensure that the bird's body has lasting protection against infection, live and inactivated vaccines are used. It is also carried out in order to prevent mass epidemics of respiratory and infectious mycoplasma.

This is how chickens are vaccinated

The chicken vaccine against mycoplasmosis is an immunotropic pharmacological agent and is made from the Mycoplasmagal lisepticum culture (strain “S6”). It promotes the emergence of immunity to this pathogen. Broilers are vaccinated when 10 days have passed since birth. Immunity is formed within 28 days and works for 8-9 months.

All chickens in the coop are vaccinated against such a serious virus as bursal disease. For this purpose, live and inactivated vaccines are used. The vaccine is administered subcutaneously, in an amount of 0.7 cm3, into the neck, tailbone, or chest muscle of chickens. Immediately before use, the drug is kept for 6-9 hours at a temperature of 20-28 degrees. Then shake the bottle well so that there is no sediment in the solution. Before vaccination is carried out, the injection site is treated with 70% alcohol or another antiseptic. After 28 days, it is necessary to monitor the intensity of immunity to the virus. To do this, you need to examine about 28-30 blood serum samples.

Treatment of chickens for mycoplasmosis

If birds have not been vaccinated against mycoplasmosis, the disease can affect the entire poultry house. Then the treatment will be very expensive. It is much easier to prevent an epidemic than to deal with the consequences. Carrying out the necessary preventive measures, the risk of the source of the disease is significantly reduced.

Mycoplasmosis is treated with antibiotics. Drugs used include streptomycin, oxytetracycline, and aureomycin. For convenience, the antibiotic is added to a ton of feed in an amount of 200 grams. This should be enough for several days. Tylosin is injected subcutaneously into each bird at 3-5 mg per pound of body weight.

Antibiotics are sometimes added to drinking water

Alternatively, you can add it to water. Calculation: 2-3 grams per gallon of water. The treatment is quite painstaking and difficult to carry out from the point of view of keeping poultry. During quarantine, all necessary disinfection methods are carried out in the poultry house, and sick birds are transferred to an isolated place. It is noted that antibiotic treatment does not always give the desired effect. The use of antibiotics and nitrofuran drugs does not provide full recovery birds. However, no other known treatments have yet been invented.

Such difficulties in selecting drugs are due to the fact that the causative agent of the disease can remain inside the cell for a long time. Moreover, this virus is absolutely not susceptible to the action of cells of the immune system (phagocytes). Antibiotic therapy can only reduce the number of sick individuals and stop the symptoms of the disease.

Tetracycline drugs are analogues of streptomycin and are more effective antibiotics in the fight against infection. Immunomodulators are also used to help adjust the bird’s immune system to direct it to fight the disease.

Treatment with Furacycline-M showed good results in the fight against mycoplasmosis. This etiotropic drug contains a set antibacterial agents, vitamin B, macroelements and amino acids. In total, these substances strengthen the body and immunity of birds.

Regarding the prevention of infectious bursal disease, strict sanitary measures and disinfection of premises are carried out for three months. Proper herd recruitment, plus proper, balanced nutrition is of great importance for prevention.

Infectious bursal disease, or Gumboro disease, is a common disease in chickens under four months of age. Manifests itself in the form of diarrhea, damage to the cloacal bursa, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, intramuscular hemorrhages.

What is Gumboro disease in chickens, how to diagnose it and how to protect yourself from it– we invite you to talk in this article.

Gumboro disease: affects chickens and turkeys

Pathogen bursal disease is a virus of the Birnoviridae family that infects lymphoid cells, causing sharp decline bird immunity. The virus targets immature β-lymphocytes containing immunoglobulin M. There are two serotypes, roughly speaking, types, of this virus: 1 - affects only chickens, 2 - only turkeys. Moreover, the chicken Gumboro virus exists in several variations (subtypes).

Gumboro disease: how to get infected

Gumboro disease is highly contagious: up to 100% of birds of one group can get sick, and 40-60% die.

Methods of transmission of the pathogen Gumboro disease:

Infected birds; sparrows, pigeons, etc. can be carriers of the virus.

Feed, in particular – feed pests

At the same time, in a closed room, the avian bursal disease virus can live for up to three months, and in dirty rooms - in dust, uncleaned cages, and equipment - it can be stored for years. It is not afraid of sunlight and is durable outdoors. In dry droppings it remains active for about two months, on the surface of glass and walls - about one month.

Gumboro disease: how it manifests itself

Externally, the chicken bursal disease virus appears already on the third day after entering the bird’s body. In general, a feature of the acute form of Gumboro disease (subacute course also occurs) is an unexpected, high incidence of poultry (40-100%), an acute peak in mortality (20-40%) and quick recovery in 4-7 days.

At the same time, the Gumboro virus most often occurs at the age of 6-8 weeks, and at 3-4 weeks.

It all starts with diarrhea, the droppings become watery, yellow-white. The chickens look depressed, huddled together, their feathers are ruffled, and their vents are dirty. The bird does not eat or drink. In this form, the disease manifests itself within 5-7 days, after which Gumboro disease is often complicated by manifestations of colibacillosis.

When the bird is opened, a cherry-colored cloacal bursa enlarged by 2-3 times is observed. Often blood clots may be visible in the cavity. There are hemorrhages under the skin on the chest, wings, thighs and in the glandular stomach.


Changes are observed in the bursa of Fabricius already on the third day: due to swelling and accumulation of secretions, it increases in size and becomes gray-yellow. On the fourth day of the disease, its weight almost doubles, hemorrhages, turbid contents and necrotic deposits are found in it. Sometimes intense hemorrhages are recorded, covering the entire bursa. On days 7-9, atrophy and fibrosis of the bursa are observed.


However, to finally put diagnosis of Gumboro disease in chickens is possible only on the basis of laboratory results.

Gumboro disease in chickens: prevention, vaccination, measures in case of a disease outbreak

In addition to observing hygienic rules for keeping poultry, chicken owners are obliged to regularly fight against virus carriers - chicken feather eaters, and monitor the quality of feed.

Chickens are vaccinated with Gumboro chicken virus vaccines in the event of a threat of disease outbreak. The following vaccines are used on the territory of Ukraine:

Inactivated vaccine from the BER-93 strain

Virus vaccines from strains UM-93 and VG-93

Gallivac IBD (France)

Inactivated vaccines N.D.V.+I.B.D+I.B. and quadractin N.D.V.+I.B.D+I.B.+Reo and NECTIVE FORTE (Israel).

There is no cure for Gumboro disease!

At diagnosing Gumboro disease in chickens a farm in which a disease is discovered is declared unfavorable and restrictions are introduced in accordance with the Instructions. Two months after removal, the birds are removed from the dysfunctional farm. Carry out complete disinfection of the farm. Farms in which IBD has not been observed for one year are considered free from chicken bursal disease.

Tatyana Kuzmenko, member of the editorial board, correspondent of the online publication "AtmAgro. Agro-industrial Bulletin"

Infectious bursal disease of chickens

Infectiosis Bursitis gallinarum (Gumboro disease) Acute viral disease chickens and turkeys, mainly 2-15 weeks of age, characterized by inflammation of the bursa of Fabricius, joints, intestines and internal hemorrhages.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND- the disease was first recorded in 1956 in Gumboro County (USA). In 1962, Kostrov described Gumboro disease as a disease. Winterfeld and Hitchner (1962) isolated a virus from sick chickens that caused nephroso-nephritis in sick broilers. Therefore, this disease is sometimes called nephroso-nephritis. Later, Karnayup (1965) proved that the symptoms of nephroso-nephritis are concomitant, the main and permanent changes are found in the bursa of Fabricius, which is why the disease began to be called infectious bursitis.

The disease is widespread in many countries of America, Europe, and Asia, where industrial poultry farming is developed. Data from serological studies show that the infection rate of herds ranges from 2 to 100%. And the reason for this is considered to be the constant import of poultry.

PATIENT- RNA virus from the genus Aviovirus of the Reoviredae (reovirus) family. The virion size is 70-75 nm. When 9-day-old embryos are infected in the yolk sac, the virus causes their death after 6 days. In addition to growth retardation, it causes

the appearance of edema, necrotizing lesions in the liver, which are typical for all viruses of this group. 3 days after the introduction of virus-containing material into the fibricium bursa, changes characteristic of a natural infection occur. In chicken embryo fibroblast culture, the virus causes a cytopathic effect. Virus-neutralizing and precipitating antibodies are formed in recovered birds.

RESISTANCE - the virus is resistant to ether, chloramine and pH 2.0, sensitive to trypsin. Indoors, the virus persists in droppings for 52 days. At 56°C it does not die within an hour. A solution of chloramine (0.5%) inactivates the virus in 10 minutes, formaldehyde (0.5%) in 6 hours.

EPISOOTOLOGICAL DATA- chickens of all ages are susceptible to the pathogen, but especially broilers aged 2-15 weeks. The most sensitive are 3-6 week old White Leghorn chickens. In adult chickens the disease is asymptomatic.

The source of the infectious agent is sick chickens that shed the virus in their droppings.

Infectious bursitis is an extremely contagious disease that is easily transmitted when poultry are crowded together. Chickens become infected through contaminated feed and water. A vertical route of transmission of the virus through infected eggs cannot be ruled out. Infected care items, equipment, clothing, and personnel play a certain role in the transmission of the pathogen.

The possibility of spreading the virus through the air has been proven. The reservoir of the pathogen can be flour beetles.

In fresh epizootic foci, the disease is acute and subacute, and in stationary outbreaks it is chronic and asymptomatic. In a number of farms, an immunizing subinfection is mainly recorded among birds.

PATHOGENESIS- consists of damage to lymphoid tissues, and first of all, lymphocytes of the bursa of Fabricius, spleen, and caecal glands of the blind processes are destroyed. The virus enters through digestive tract and after 24-48 hours it is localized in the bursa of Fabricius, affecting B lymphocytes.

CLINICAL SIGNS- incubation period 1-2 days. Occurs in chickens under 3 weeks of age in the form of immunosuppression, which is manifested by increased sensitivity to bacterial infections.

It can occur in an acute form in the first 5-7 days after the disease in chickens aged 3 to 6 weeks. In case of low poultry resistance, mortality can reach 90%.

One of the first signs is diarrhea, with the release of yellow, liquefied droppings, or mucous-watery, white droppings; feathering is impaired.

Then there is sudden apathy, trembling, signs of damage to the nervous system. The bird soon loses the ability to move and dies in a state of prostration.

Maximum mortality for 3-4 days from the beginning of the disease outbreak,

then the mortality rate decreases.

When the disease lasts 6-8 days, morbidity is 10-20% of birds, mortality is 1-15%.

Hematological changes are characterized by lymphopenia and erythrocytosis. Over 2 days of illness, the total number of leukocytes decreases, on the 5th day it increases and reaches a maximum on the 7th day after infection.

PATHOLOGANATOMICALCHANGES- the corpses are well-fed, but the muscles are dehydrated and pale, the goiter is empty, multiple pinpoint and striped hemorrhages are revealed, especially often under the skin of the thigh; the muscles are dark purple.

The bursa of Fabricius is greatly increased in volume, more than 2 times, and contains gelatin-like transudate; there are fibrinous deposits in the folds of the bursa, and in severe cases there is bloody fluid.

Swelling of the liver, necrotic foci, and atrophy of the spleen are noted. The pancreas is changed, nephrosis. In the final stage of the disease, swelling of the kidneys and atrophy of the bursa of Fabricius appear. Partial banded hemorrhages in the degenerated skeletal muscles of the myocardium, serous membranes, glandular stomach and intestines.

The most typical histological changes are necrosis

lymphoid elements of the bursa of Fabricius, thymus, spleen, renal degeneration.

DIAGNOSIS- infectious bursitis is a difficult to detect infection that spreads unnoticed, is masked by other diseases and physiological disorders, and only with a typical course is it relatively easily diagnosed based on clinical and pathological signs. They take into account the high percentage of morbidity, rapid spread and relapse within 5-7 days. The diagnosis can be confirmed by the detection of characteristic changes in the bursa of Fabricius.

For the final diagnosis, histological studies are carried out and a bioassay is performed by infecting 9-day-old chicken embryos on the chorioallantoic membrane. Embryos die within 3-5 days after infection.

The virus is identified in RN, RDP and ELISA.

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS- exclude coccidiosis, poisoning, infectious bronchitis, hemorrhagic syndrome, mycoses, Newcastle disease.

TREATMENT- not developed.

IMMUNITY- use live and inactivated vaccines of the BG strain (Gumboro disease), IBD (infectious bursal disease), Winterfield-2512.

The first vaccine is administered twice at the age of 7-21 days with an interval of 10-14 days using the drinking method. Second time at the age of 110-120 days

once intramuscularly into the pectoral muscle area or into the thigh in a volume of 0.5 ml. Immunity occurs 14-21 days after vaccination and lasts up to a year.

In foreign practice, a vaccine made from a weakened strain of the infectious bursitis virus is used with drinking water and aerosolized. Among foreign vaccines, you can use Nobilis Gumboro D78 and 228E. An inactivated vaccine, Nobilis Gumboro inc., has also been developed.

PREVENTION AND CONTROL MEASURES- carry out general veterinary and sanitary measures to prevent the introduction of the pathogen into the farm.

The young animals of each technological batch are raised in isolation. The state of poultry resistance is controlled through targeted feeding and maintenance.

The air entering the poultry house is cleaned with filters and disinfected with ultraviolet rays.

When infectious bursitis appears, restrictions are introduced. Sick and suspicious birds are destroyed. Healthy people are vaccinated.

The premises are thoroughly disinfected with solutions of caustic soda, bleach (2-3%), and an aerosol of iodide preparations.

If the disease cannot be controlled by general veterinary and sanitary measures, the farm stops incubating eggs and carries out additional health measures.

There are no deadlines for lifting the restriction; they are set by veterinarians, since it is difficult to get rid of this disease due to the rapid development of this disease stationary.

19.04.2018

Vaccines for prevention infectious bronchitis chicken (IB) and Gumboro diseases are live and inactivated preparations of imported and domestic production. These drugs are produced in the form of monovalent as well as polyvalent vaccines that protect poultry from 2-4 different infectious diseases. A huge role here is played by live vaccines that provide a rapid immune response, including drugs of modern technologies.

Vaccination of birds against IBV is carried out intraocularly, intranasally, orally and by spray method (coarse and fine spray), against Gumboro disease - orally and in ovo.

Infectious bronchitis of chickens

Infectious bronchitis of chickens (IB) is a highly contagious viral disease, manifested by damage mainly to the respiratory and reproductive organs and kidneys. The disease affects birds of all ages and is especially dangerous for chickens.

The causative agent of IB

Caused by an RNA virus with high genetic variability. Mutations of the pathogen are facilitated by a number of factors, including the reproduction of the virus in poultry of different ages, mixed infections, and the co-circulation of vaccine and field viruses in the same flock.

There are many strains of chicken infectious bronchitis virus circulating around the world, which makes the diagnosis and prevention of this disease difficult. Currently, the greatest danger to the Russian poultry industry is posed by viral strains of the Massachusetts serotype, viruses of serotype 793B, as well as highly contagious QX strains and some other pathogens. Several strains circulate simultaneously in poultry farms, but 1–2 major serotypes usually predominate.

Certain serotypes of infectious bronchitis virus can multiply in various tissues of the bird's body.

IBV serotype Massachusetts (Mass) primarily affects the respiratory system, causing severe respiratory disease. Immunization against Massachusetts serotype viruses can be carried out from the first days of life.

Respiratory strains of IBV viruses lead to mortality (mortality rate 15–35%) and create a favorable background for the development of bacterial infections.

The Massachusetts serotype has become widespread throughout the world and was identified in the 40s of the 20th century in Europe and the USA.

Later it turned out that a number of strains of IBV viruses also infect the excretory organs, and respiratory symptoms can be expressed to varying degrees.

The nephroso-nephritis form of IB is characterized by weak and short-term respiratory signs followed by depression, the mortality rate of young animals ranges from 25–30% to 70%. Nephropathogenic properties are most pronounced in the QX strain, which came to Europe from Asia and has been circulating in Russia since the early 2000s.

The highly contagious and pathogenic strain QX actively multiplies in the tissues of the respiratory tract, kidneys, ovaries and lymphoid tissues cecum and colon.

In the 90s of the last century, scientists identified the nephropathogenic serotype 793B, which causes high mortality in broilers. Immunization of chickens against this pathogen is usually carried out during the second vaccination. But there are vaccines that can be used from one day of age.

Serotypes close to Massachusetts, as well as 793B, are the most common strains of IBV viruses in poultry farms in Russia and Europe; the largest number of immunobiological drugs have been developed to protect against these strains. When used together, sufficient cross-protection against the QX strain is formed.

Some strains of the IBV virus (including M41) can reduce the egg production of poultry for a long period (causing a drop in productivity parameters from 30 to 89%), deteriorate the quality of egg shells and change their color.

As a result, laying hens are found on farms with normally expressed secondary sexual characteristics, but unable to lay eggs due to adhesions of the oviducts as a result of salpingo-oophoritis, provoked by the multiplication of the IBV virus in chickens at an early age.

Among the new virulent strains that have appeared over the past few years, it is necessary to highlight VAR 2 (Variant 2), circulating in Asia and the Middle East, and more recently in Central Europe. This virus mainly affects the kidneys, respiratory and reproductive organs.

Taking into account the rapidly increasing infectious pressure of IBV types QX and 793B and new variant strains of type 2 in Europe, the Middle East and Russia, Phibro Animal Health Corporation (USA) has developed a live attenuated vaccine TABIC IB VAR 206. It was created on the basis of a field strain Option 2 (IS/1494/06).

The TABIK IB VAR 206 vaccine is produced using the TAbic technology, patented and owned by Phibro (production of live vaccines in the form of sterile water-soluble tablets). This promising development has been appreciated by other major vaccine manufacturers.

Boehringer Ingelheim, based on scientific developments in the production of effervescent forms of Sanofi under license from Phibro Animal Health, began producing vaccines in the form effervescent tablets(NEO line). This dosage form significantly reduces storage space and facilitates the work of veterinarians.

During the study of strains of infectious bronchitis pathogens in chickens, it was found interesting facts. For example, a combination of some strains of IBV pathogens can cause cross-protection from other strains. For example, immunization with strains Ma5 of serotype Massachusetts and serotype 793B protect birds from the highly pathogenic strain QX (vaccination occurs with one strain, revaccination with another strain). The phenomenon of such a synergistic effect of vaccines is called protectotype. It was discovered by Jane Cook, and today it is the main concept in IB immunity.

IBC protection programs

The infectious bronchitis virus is constantly changing. PCR studies on sequencing the IBV genome, carried out in the early 2000s in Russia, showed that about a third of the viruses were previously unstudied and constituted a group of local strains.

Programs to protect chickens from infectious bronchitis include live and inactivated vaccines. The main purpose of vaccination is to develop immunity in birds against wide range viral agents. Immunization against IBV is carried out once or twice (depending on the recommendations of the drug manufacturer and the epizootic situation on the farm). Chicks are vaccinated from the first day of life, regardless of the level of maternal bodies. A third (additional) revaccination against IBV should be carried out in both parent and commercial flocks before the start of laying (on days 98–120).

Live vaccines are the main tool for protecting chickens from parent flocks, broilers and laying hens from IBV. They create early specific protection that develops in the chicken within 2 weeks. The main disadvantage of live vaccines is the potential ability of the vaccine strain to revert to the wild type and restore virulence due to mutations. Viruses respiratory diseases are able to compete for the same receptor sites in the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract. Therefore, when using two live vaccines with a different set of strains in an IBV immunization regimen, it is necessary to maintain a time interval of at least 14 days.

Inactivated vaccines used for young laying hens and parent flocks (re-vaccination), they cause the production of maternal antibodies. For vaccination with inactivated vaccines to be effective, a live vaccine must first be used to prime the antigen, at least four to five weeks before the inactivated vaccine is administered. The content of several heterologous strains in an inactivated vaccine causes the formation of high levels of antibodies to a larger number of strains of the IBV virus. Primary vaccination with a live vaccine and revaccination with an inactivated one provide protection on average in 95% of cases, while the combination of two inactivated immunobiological drugs provides approximately 90% protection.

Identification of the type of virus circulating in the herd using PCR and other methods in specialized laboratories will help you choose the right drug for immunization.

From the moment they are born, chickens are at risk not only of IBV, but also of Newcastle disease. A fairly large number of drugs have been created for comprehensive protection against these diseases.

The company Ceva Sante Animale proposed a vaccine for vaccinating day-old chicks against Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis (strain H-120) VITABORN L.

A high-quality vaccine against infectious bronchitis of chickens BRONIPRA-1 (strain H-120) for use on the first day of life is offered by the Spanish company Laboratorios HIPRA, S.A. For areas unaffected by Newcastle disease, the company also has bivalent vaccines HIPRAVIAR-B1/H120 and HIPRAVIAR-CLONE/H120, which are successfully used from the first day of life using the large-droplet spray method.

Monovaccines for the prevention of infectious bronchitis in chickens

Vaccine

Description

Strain and serotype of the pathogen

Manufacturer

AVIVAC-IBC

live dry

A/91 serotype 793/B

NPP "AVIVAC", Russia

AVIVAC-IBC

live dry

H-120 serotype Massachusetts

NPP "AVIVAC", Russia

Bioral H120 NEO

live tablet

H120 serotype Massachusetts

Boehringer Ingelheim, France

BRONIPRA-1

live dry

H-120 serotype Massachusetts

Vaccine against infectious bronchitis of chickens from the variant strain RV-07 live dry

live dry

strain RV-07

live dry

H-120 serotype Massachusetts

FSBI "ARRIAH", Russia

Vaccine against infectious bronchitis of chickens from strain N-120 live dry

live dry

H-120 serotype Massachusetts

OJSC "Pokrovsky Plant of Biological Preparations"

Vaccine against infectious bronchitis of chickens, multi-strain inactivated emulsified

inactivated emulsified

Taganrog serotype 793/B + Kaluga strain + H-52 serotype Massachusetts

FSBI "ARRIAH", Russia

Live dry virus vaccine against chicken infectious bronchitis (IBV) from strains N-120, RV-07

live dry

H-120 serotype Massachusetts, variant strains RV-07

Kronvet, Russia

Volvac IB Mass MLV

live dry

modified Massachusetts serotype virus

Boehringer Ingelheim, Germany

Galliwack IB 88

live lyophilized

CR88121 serotype 793B

Boehringer Ingelheim, France

Galliwack IB 88 NEO

live tablet

CR88121 serotype 793B

Boehringer Ingelheim, France

Gallimun 793B

dry inactivated

variant strains of serotype 793B

Boehringer Ingelheim, France

live dry

H-120 serotype Massachusetts

FKP “Shchelkovo Biocombine”, Russia

Nobilis IB 4/91

live dry

4/91 serotype 793B

Intervet/MSD, Netherlands

Nobilis IB Ma5

live dry

Ma5 serotype Massachusetts

Intervet International/MSD, Netherlands

Pulvak IB H120

live dry

H-120 serotype Massachusetts

Zoetis Inc., USA

Pulvak IB QX

live dry

serotype QX (L1148)

Zoetis Inc., USA

Pulvak IB Primer

live dry

H-120 serotype Massachusetts + variant strains D274

Zoetis Inc., USA

Sevak iBird

live dry

1/96 serotype 793B

Ceva Sante Animale, France

Sevak MASS L

live dry

B-48 serotype Massachusetts

Ceva Sante Animale, France

Sevak BRON 120 L

live dry

H-120 serotype Massachusetts

Ceva Sante Animale, France

TABIK H-120

live dry tablet

H-120 serotype Massachusetts

Phibro Animal Health, Israel

TABIK IB Var

live dry tablet

233A serotype 793B

Phibro Animal Health, Israel

TABIK IBVAR2-06

live tablet

Phibro Animal Health, Israel

HatchPack IB H120

live frozen

H-120 serotype Massachusetts

Boehringer Ingelheim, France


Immunization of chickens against IBV can also be carried out polyvalent drugs:

– produced by Ceva Sante Animale: Sevak Megamun ND-IB-EDS-SHS K, Sevak NB L, Sevak VITABRON L;

– produced by Intervet/MSD: Nobilis Ma5 + Clone 30, Nobilis IBmulti + ND + EDS, Nobilis IBm + ND + EDS, Nobilis RT + IBmulti + G + ND;

– produced by Laboratorios HIPRA, S.A: HIPRAVIAR-TRT4, HIPRAVIAR-CLONE/H120, HIPRAVIAR-B1/H120, AVISAN MULTI;

– produced by Boehringer Ingelheim: Volvac ND + IB + EDS KV, Gallimun 303, Gallimun 407;

– produced by Abic Biological Laboratories Ltd (a division of Phibro Animal Health): VH + H120, Quadractin VP 2, SSY + NB + IBK;

– produced by Zoetis: Provak 4, Pulvak Aero;

– produced by AVIVAC: AVIVAC-IBK + NB, AVIVAC NB + IBK + IBB + SSYA + REO

and some other vaccines.

Gumboro disease

Gumboro disease, or infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a highly contagious viral disease of chickens 2–20 weeks of age, accompanied by damage to the bursa of Fabricius, and to a lesser extent to others lymphoid organs and kidneys, the presence of hemorrhages in the muscles of the thigh, chest, wing and in the mucous membrane of the glandular stomach. Along with Marek's disease, IBD is the main immunosuppressive disease in poultry.

IBB - a blow to poultry farming

The Gumboro virus was first discovered in the 50s of the twentieth century in the USA. Today it circulates in all countries of the world with developed poultry farming and causes great economic damage. From time to time, outbreaks of highly virulent strains of IBD are recorded in Europe, leading to mortality of 10 to 30% of young poultry.

The causative agent of the disease is stable in the external environment. In droppings, water, and feed, it does not lose its infectious properties for 56 days; on poultry farm equipment - up to 122 days or more.

Infectious bursal disease can occur in both acute and subclinical forms, accompanied by retardation in the growth and development of chickens, suppression of their immunity, susceptibility to viral, bacterial and other diseases.

The subclinical form of the disease is no less than its acute course, causes significant damage to farms. According to Intervet/MSD, the profit from raising broiler flocks free of Gumboro disease is on average a third higher than that obtained from raising birds with subclinical disease.

It is possible to detect the IBD virus by ELISA, PCR, diffuse precipitation reaction on agar gel and some other methods.

Modern methods of protection

Live vaccines IBB is used for vaccination of healthy broiler chickens and replacement young animals of meat and egg breeds. They provide rapid formation of immunity. The frequency of vaccination is double or single, depending on the recommendation of the manufacturer of a particular drug. Live Gumboro disease vaccines are given 6 to 8 weeks before the inactivated vaccine. The disadvantages of live IBD vaccines include immunosuppression, which provokes an insufficient response to vaccination and increases the likelihood of developing other infectious and invasive diseases.

The range of industrial strains is quite extensive. For example, vaccines containing a moderately attenuated strain of the Gumboro disease virus are produced, such as AviPro Presize (Elanco) - LC-75, Nobilis Gumboro 228E (Intervet/MSD) - strain 228E, HIPRAGAMBORO-GM97 (Laboratorios HIPRA, S.A.). To protect poultry, the intermediate vaccine strain Winterfield 2512 is used, which is part of the imported and domestic immunobiological preparations Sevak TRANSMUN (Ceva Sante Animale), HIPRAGAMBORO-CH/80 (Laboratorios HIPRA, S.A.), AVIVAC-IBB ​​(NPP AVIVAC). There are vaccines containing weakly attenuated (hot) strains, for example TABIC MV (Phibro Animal Health) - strain MV, etc.

Prevention of Gumboro disease is complicated by the presence of maternal heterogeneous antibodies in chickens. At high level maternal antibodies, the vaccine virus is quickly recognized and neutralized by the cells of the chicken's immune system.

Thanks to special innovative technology specialists of the company Ceva Sante Animale was created immune complex vaccine Sevak TRANSMUN, which allows solving the problem of preventing Gumboro disease in chickens with a heterogeneous level of maternal antibodies. The vaccine is administered once to chicken embryos at the age of 18.5 days using the in ovo or day-old broiler chickens subcutaneously. Once the vaccine virus has replicated, the immune response culminates in the production of protective antibodies against Gumboro disease.

At the origins of the creation of immunocomplex vaccines was the company Embrex, owned by Zoetis, a manufacturer of equipment for in ovo vaccinations.

There are other similar drugs. The Zoetis company has developed the drug Bursaplex based on strain 2512 of the Gumboro virus and antibodies from the hyperimmune blood serum of SPF chickens.

Cloned live vaccine HIPRAGAMBORO-CH/80 has a minimal immunosuppressive effect on the bird's body and has high antigenic activity and immunogenicity. Intended for use in safe, unfavorable and threatened breeding and commercial poultry farms. Contains a culture of fibroblasts of SPF embryos of chickens infected with the cloned virus CH/80 of the Gumboro disease strain Winterfield 2512. Chickens are vaccinated twice starting from the age of 7 days.

Along with immune complex preparations recombinant vaccines do not require monitoring of maternal antibody levels.

Recombinant live vaccine Vaxitek HVT+ IBD is manufactured by leading health protection expert Boehringer Ingelheim. The vaccine contains the V2 gene, cloned from the Faragher 52/70 strain, using the turkey herpes virus as a vector. The drug is prescribed to chickens of meat and egg breeds once at one day of age or in ovo and provides protection against both classical and variant and highly virulent strains.

Thanks to ongoing developments in the field of recombinant and immunocomplex vaccines, it is possible to take a step towards eradicating a number of animal viruses.

But it is too early to write off classical drugs. A properly selected traditional live vaccine based on an intermediate strain provides required level protection. This is evidenced by a number of studies, including those from Phibro Animal Health specialists.

Domestic manufacturers offer vaccines with a wide range of current vaccine strains. The drugs are produced at modern equipment and meet international standards. A great contribution to the protection of poultry health and ensuring food security in Russia is made by the vaccines of NPP AVIVAC, FKP Shchelkovo Bioplant and FSBI ARRIAH.

Registered in 2018 new drug Federal State Budgetary Institution “Federal Center for Animal Health Protection” (“ARRIAH”). The basis of the live dry vaccine Gamboromix is ​​a combination of Gumboro disease strains Winterfield 2512 and GD, positioned as “intermediate” and “hot” variants of the virus.

Monovalent vaccines against Gumboro disease

Vaccine

Dosage form

Strain

Manufacturer

AviPro Presize

live dry

Elanco, Germany

AVIVAC-IBB

live dry

NPP "AVIVAC", Russia

AVIVAC-IBB

live dry

NPP "AVIVAC", Russia

AVIVAC-IBB

live dry

Winterfield 2512

NPP "AVIVAC", Russia

AVIVAC-IBB

liquid inactivated

NPP "AVIVAC", Russia

Bursaplex

live dry

2512 + antibodies of hyperimmune blood serum of SPF chickens

Zoetis Inc., USA

Bursin Plus

live dry

Lukert, protein stabilizer H

Zoetis Inc., USA

Vaccine against infectious bursal disease from the VNIVIP strain, live, dry

live dry

FKP “Shchelkovo Biocombine”, Russia

Virus vaccine against infectious bursal disease from the BG strain

live dry

FSBI "ARRIAH", Russia

Virus vaccine against infectious bursal disease from the Winterfield 2512 strain

live dry

Winterfield 2512

FSBI "ARRIAH", Russia

Gamboromix

virus vaccine against infectious bursal disease live dry

Winterfield and BG

FSBI "ARRIAH", Russia

Nobilis Gumboro D78

live dry

Intervet/MSD, Netherlands

Nobilis Gumboro 228E

live dry

Intervet/MSD, Netherlands

Pulwak Bursa F

live dry

Zoetis Inc., USA

dry live

Phibro Animal Health, Israel

SEVAK IBD L

live dry

Winterfield 2515, G-61

Ceva Sante Animale, France

SEVAK GUMBO L

live dry

Ceva Sante Animale, France

HIPRAGAMBORO-SN/80

live dry

Winterfield 2512, clone CH/80

Laboratorios HIPRA, S.A., Spain

HIPRAGAMBORO-GM97

live dry

Laboratorios HIPRA, S.A., Spain

Transmoon IBD

dry live

Winterfield 2515 + immunoglobulin complex from hyperimmune blood serum of SPF chickens

Ceva Sante Animale, France


Inactivated vaccines against IBD are used as part of polyvalent drugs for parent stock. They ensure the creation of the proper level of maternal antibodies in chickens.

Polyvalent vaccines against Gumboro disease are presented:

– Nobilis RT + IBmulti + G + ND (Intervet/MSD);

– HIPRAVIAR-TRT4 (Laboratorios HIPRA, S.A.);

– Sevak ND-IB-IBD-EDS K (Ceva Sante Animale);

– Provac 4 (Zoetis Inc.);

– Vaxitek HVT + IBD, Bursa Guard REO (Boehringer Ingelheim);

– Quadractin VP 2 (Abic Biological Laboratories Ltd, a division of Phibro Animal Health)

and some other vaccines, including those manufactured in Russia.


Number of impressions: 2243
Author: V. Lavrenova, marketer at the publishing house "Agricultural Technologies"

Kira Stoletova

Some people raise broiler chickens not only on an agricultural farm, but also in the city on their own loggia. For many farmers, raising broiler birds at home is not just a hobby; for them it is both a food product and an income. Diseases of small broiler chickens are not uncommon nowadays. In order for chicken diseases to go away without complications, you need to know what symptoms of diseases can attack broilers and how to deal with various infections. Many novice poultry farmers are often lost and don’t know what to do and how to deal with chicken diseases. Diseases in chickens most often occur in very young chickens and this should be prevented.

In chickens, three stages of maturation can be noted during which the bird’s immunity has not yet strengthened: from the 1st to the 5th day after birth, from the 20th to the 25th and from the 35th day for 5 days. At this time, from the first days of life in broiler birds dangerous period when they are most vulnerable to infections. Diseases of chickens, their symptoms and treatment are the special concern of the owner. When about 1.5 months have passed after birth, you can relax a little. After this period, the immunity of day-old chicks and future laying hens settles down and the individuals grow a little. No special differences from ordinary adult laying hens and broiler birds were found. What diseases of broiler chickens are there?

Aspergillosis in chickens

Diseases of baby chickens and their treatment. Aspergillosis is fungal infection which amazes respiratory system chickens Birds develop wheezing, coughing, and uneven breathing. The pathogens enter the embryos through the shell. To avoid such a disease, you should avoid the development of fungal diseases in the litter of chickens. You should clean the areas around drinking bowls and feeders as often as possible. Aspergillosis occurs due to a fungus, but it can also be caused by other pathogenic microorganisms.

The infection can be transmitted within a few days through infected individuals and equipment. The young animals become apathetic and have no appetite. To treat this disease, you should contact a veterinarian who will prescribe necessary medications. At home, aspergillosis should be prevented from the first days of life. The poultry house must be kept clean and stocked regularly.

Salmonella

Everyone has heard about this disease, even those who are completely unfamiliar with chicken breeding. Salmonellosis is an infectious disease that can be transmitted by airborne droplets through contact between healthy birds and infected individuals. Her signs are as follows:

  • The eyes are swollen and watery.
  • There is no appetite at all.
  • Swollen feet.
  • Slow growth.

If you find signs of salmonellosis even in one individual, you should feed the entire livestock with chloramphenicol. In some cases, signs of salmonellosis may be completely absent or very vague, which makes it difficult to identify such a disease. Most often, the first manifestations occur a few days after infection. Prevention against salmonellosis should be carried out regularly. To increase immunity, broiler chickens are given mineral supplements. Sometimes a drug such as enroflon is prescribed. More details about diseases of broiler chickens and their treatment can be found in the photo or video.

Gumboro disease

Gumboro disease in broilers at home is not uncommon. Gumboro is also often called infectious bursal disease. Gumboro primarily affects young animals between 2 and 20 weeks of age. Symptoms of this disease are accompanied by damage to the bursa of Fabricius, and to a lesser extent to other lymphoid organs and the kidneys. Gumboro broiler diseases and its treatment regimen should be prescribed by a veterinarian at the first symptoms.

The infected individual should be transplanted to another room, and the chicken coop should be quarantined. Such a disease can be transmitted through one infected individual to another. Gumboro disease makes birds' immune systems vulnerable. No cure has been found for this disease, but effective method is regular prevention. Many farmers are vaccinating. For these purposes, live and inactivated vaccines are used to prevent chicken diseases and symptoms.

Dyspepsia in broiler chickens

The smallest chickens are susceptible to this disease. This disease occurs quite often among young animals. In simple terms, dyspepsia is the most common indigestion in chickens and the signs that they are sick are immediately visible. The reason for this may be poor nutrition not containing mineral supplements. With this disease, individuals lose all interest in food, they become incredibly lethargic and inactive. The main symptom of this disease is liquid droppings with particles undigested food. The cause of this disease can be the abuse of feed, a change in diet, as well as poor quality feed.

To prevent this disease, you should follow several rules.

  • The temperature in the chicken coop should be warm at all times. A lot depends on temperature, but many novice poultry farmers forget about this.
  • To combat the processes of decay in the bird's body, the most common ascorbic acid will perfectly help. You can also use a solution of manganese and baking soda.

These simple manipulations will help your pets fight the disease.

  • Give to chickens every four hours. The food should not contain fats or complex proteins. Only a strict diet, and nothing else. Make sure that there are no grains with rot or mold in the feed. Also, babies always need clean and fresh water.
  • Think carefully about the arrangement of the area where your birds eat. Under no circumstances should chickens crowd together, fighting and scattering and soiling their feed, as often happens.

If chickens have indigestion, medicinal herbs will help. The method is simple, but that doesn’t make it any less effective.

Broiler diseases

Why do chickens fall on their feet?

How to treat chickens sneezing and wheezing?

Bronchopneumonia

Bronchopneumonia is really something to be afraid of, as this disease is dangerous for broilers. It entails a huge variety of different diseases, in some cases even fatal. If this disease is not treated in time, then bronchopneumonia can develop into other, more serious diseases, such as pneumonia, sinusitis, rhinitis, tracheitis.

Birds with this disease will have a painfully unkempt appearance, strong decline weight, complete absence appetite, as well as a depressed state. If the bird begins to cough and mucous fluid comes out of the nose, the disease is obvious. Although this is not an infection, mass mortality of birds is possible. Unfortunately, you cannot find a special drug for treatment in pharmacies. Therefore, you should immediately make the medicine yourself.

Here is the recipe for the most common medicine

One and a half glasses of soda ash must be dissolved in three liters hot water. Next, add a solution of bleach (one glass per seven liters of water). The resulting composition must be allowed to brew, bring to a volume of twenty liters and treat the room. Birds do not go anywhere at this time. Nothing harmful will happen to them from this. To treat chickens, you can use penicillin, norfloxacin, and terramycin is also suitable. You can also use an infusion of mumiyo with honey, tinctures of ginseng and nettle. After a month, the chickens will begin to feel much better.

Hypovitaminosis

Chickens, like people, also need vitamins, and serious diseases can also occur due to a lack of microelements. These diseases are represented a large number. Like vitamins, hypovitaminosis is named after the letters of the Latin alphabet. If there is not enough vitamin A in the body of birds, pathology is formed in the embryo. Such birds have no appetite, growth stops, growing and development does not occur, the chicks are characterized by weakness and inactivity.

If the disease develops, there may be a lack of digestion, as well as damage to the nervous system.

Poultry farmers often notice a lack of vitamin A when night blindness occurs. To compensate for the lack of vitamin A, you can use herbal flour, carrots and greens. If there are not enough vitamins of group D in the bird's body, calcium-phosphorus metabolism is disrupted. This affects the health of their bones. The birds are weak, have diarrhea, their legs are shaking, and the birds may limp severely. At home you need to follow proper feeding, raising and keeping birds. If there is a deficiency of the vitamin, veterinarians advise adding it to the main food. In addition, walking will be very useful. Fresh air, grass, warm sun.

A lack of B vitamins causes the following problems in birds:

  • Various apathies
  • Gastrointestinal upset may occur
  • Conjunctivitis
  • Developmental delay

Green food, sprouted grains, meat, fish, and grass meal are full of this vitamin. It is a good idea to give birds complex vitamins.

Newcastle disease

Russian scientists more often call this disease twirly. Birds develop a cough, apathy, strange coordination movements, drooping wings, a sickly appearance, ruffled feathers, and weight loss. There is something else that is characteristic of this disease. Sick individuals can stagnate in the same place. Newcastle disease is considered infectious and infected individuals must be isolated from healthy chickens.

If measures are not taken, the entire population may be affected by this disease. Currently special drugs No Newcastle disease. Sick birds should be immediately placed in a separate room to avoid spreading the infection. You can study Newcastle disease in more detail in the video.

Mycoplasmosis

Mycoplasmosis manifests itself in broilers with cough, runny nose and lacrimation. If the disease continues for a long time, pus accumulates in the eyelid area and tumors may appear. Even after treatment, recovered birds continue to be considered a source of infection and can infect healthy birds simply by being nearby. It is necessary to treat sick birds with an antibiotic called Tylosin and, in addition, it is worth using medications of the tetracycline group.

It is worth considering that your birds will not be completely cured, because mycoplasmosis still remains in the body for life. The best way out is timely vaccination of all birds and isolation of sick ones. To avoid problems with young animals in the future, you should carry out proper care and regularly clean the chicken coop. How to treat broiler chickens with mycoplasmosis can be studied in detail in the photo or video.

Marek's disease

Marek's disease affects individuals from birth to 5-6 months. At an early stage, this disease does not manifest itself in any way, but later the birds develop uncoordination, curling of the fingers, and damage to the joints of the legs. A month after the disease, the birds die. Treatment of this disease is impossible, however, the carcasses of these birds after heat treatment can be used for food.

To prevent marek's disease, it is necessary to vaccinate in a timely manner, improve the maintenance, feeding and care of broilers. Joints can be affected due to calcium deficiency in the body. Review the diet of broiler chickens.

Chicken pox

Distinctive symptoms of chicken pox

  • Strange red spots appear, which then turn into scabs.
  • Individuals may experience an unpleasant odor.
  • Apathy in chickens.
  • Chicks have difficulty breathing and swallowing.

This disease can be treated only at the initial stage, when the symptoms have just appeared, so there is no need to waste time. For treatment, you can use galazolin, boric acid and furatsilin solution. But there are farmers who prefer not to bother with treatment, slaughtering sick birds so that the disease does not spread to the rest of the birds.

Constipation in broilers

Constipation in young animals is quite common if the feeding regime is not followed and prohibited foods are used. The causes of constipation in young animals can be the consumption of flour feed and the lack of gravel in the feeder. Constipation can be caused by factors such as: overheating or, conversely, hypothermia of the chicks. Failure to comply with the conditions of detention can cause a lot of problems for young animals. It is very important to monitor the temperature of newborn chicks to prevent constipation.

To keep day-old chicks, a special box is used, which is covered with cloth to retain heat, leaving only a small hole for air to pass through. The first days after birth, the young are illuminated around the clock to maintain daylight and warmth. If chickens are sick and rearing becomes difficult, then their diet needs to be reconsidered; it may be deficient in potassium or other microelements.

Disease Prevention

It is easier to prevent a disease than to treat it later. Follow a few rules for caring for and keeping birds at home, then raising young animals will become an easy process.

  • Cleanliness of your broilers. Birds must be clean, well-groomed, and well-fed. Feed mixtures should not stick to the paws. Feeding should be done with high-quality and fresh food. If the feed is moldy, it should not be given to broilers. For active growth, special additives can be added to feeding.
  • Disinfection of the chicken coop. Don't forget that your broilers need a clear area for eating and drinking and a clean sleeping area. The feeder is changed as needed. Perches are cleaned at least once a week. It is necessary to treat the walls and floor against mold so that the individuals do not get sick, then the cultivation will be carried out according to all the rules.
  • Timely quarantine of all sick chickens. This way the infection will not spread to other healthy individuals. Patient care broiler chicken must be regular.
  • Vaccination of all individuals. Many vaccines are given on the first and second days after the appearance of young animals.
  • Newborn chickens should be placed on a heated bedding in a room where the air contains at least 17% oxygen and the temperature is about 30-32 degrees.
  • If individuals are cramped in a small room, then in such conditions there is a greater likelihood of contracting infectious diseases.
  • You can feed young animals saturated drinking water with vitamin C and glucose (ascorbic acid - 2 g/l, glucose - 50 g/l), this measure helps chickens well against diarrhea.
  • To make newborn chicks feel great, you can use special feeding, about 6 times a day. Present in the diet low-fat cottage cheese, curdled milk and whey. At the same time, all these products should not mix with each other.

If you follow all these measures, raising chickens will not seem difficult to you and you will avoid many problems.