WHRussia.ru > Fashion and beauty > Ekaterina Andreeva revealed her secret of eternal youth

Ekaterina Andreeva revealed her secret of eternal youth

- Ekaterina, we are all looking forward to it! Tell us about your lifestyle so that our women understand what you need to strive for in order to look SO AMAZING?

I don't have any special secrets. Of course, you can argue all your life that genetics decides everything, but in reality it is not so. In fact, 80% of success in appearance is correct image life in all its manifestations. It is not only diverse and healthy food, but also a clear mind and a positive attitude towards oneself, towards the world around.

I really love Pilates and yoga, I do 3-4 times a week. Yes, I have to sacrifice my time (I get up very early, at 6 in the morning), and work, first of all, for my beloved. After all, it is Pilates that keeps my body in good shape, and yoga restores strength, gives harmony in myself and clarity of mind, which is very important for any job and profession.

- Tell me, how often do you visit a beautician?

Again, a beautician is only a one-time procedure, and it is also very expensive for our age. 85% of the time I take care of my face and body skin exclusively at home. I do various natural masks, massage, body wraps.

- What creams do you use?

Honestly, I don't have any! I prefer to use a truly unique one, which, in literally words, saves me from everything! This is my main secret facial skin care.

A year ago, one of my friends, a cosmetologist, made a presentation in one of the capital's beauty salons, where she told everyone about the unique serum "Inno Gialuron", the effect of which simply amazed us! Serum "inno GIALURON" is included in the elite line of expensive French cosmetics, so you can get it only by pre-order via the Internet. Believe me, it is not found anywhere else, even in GUM (laughs)! That's my whole secret (smiles).

How exactly do you use this serum?

One of the exceptional benefits of the youth serum is that it can be used several times, and the result will always be perfect! Serum saves from everything: from dark circles, fatigue and dullness of the skin, age spots, and what is most valuable - it really smoothes out any wrinkles on the face! The creators of this serum are truly brilliant people! They understood the woman like no one else (smiles). With our lifestyle it is difficult to always look perfect, but with the youth serum it has become absolutely real! Without plastic and expensive operations.

I believe that, first of all, you need to love yourself and life, and carefully monitor your health and have a positive attitude towards life. After all, it is health that gives us beauty, youth, charm and self-confidence!

With the permission of Ekaterina, we publish the address of the store where you can order youth serum.

14.03.2019 - 17:34
I always read this site when I come to work, and I always find something necessary and interesting. I looked at the site where your serum is sold. I am over 37, and, alas, now I have to spend a lot (sometimes unreasonably) on expensive creams and cosmetic procedures. I really hope the serum will help me, and I will look younger. Thank you for the link.
15.03.2019 - 06:48
TATYANA KRYLOVA
16.03.2019 - 22:34
Hello! I am 26 years old, there were small wrinkles around the eyes, in general, every girl knows about them. Recently ordered from your link, used it for 2 weeks. The result is amazing! Wrinkles disappeared on the 3rd day! I am absolutely delighted! No cream (even the most expensive!) will give such quick results! And the plus of the serum is that its price is more than adequate! I definitely recommend.
17.03.2019 - 16:58
TANYA EFIMOVA

That's lovely! By the way, Catherine always looks amazing! Therefore, her beauty advice can be trusted. Especially if you gave a link. I order.
18.03.20196 - 14:07

Relaxation of the diaphragm is understood as a one-sided high standing of the dome of the diaphragm, extremely thin, but maintaining continuity.

The term "relaxation" is now accepted by most to refer to said suffering. However, there are other names in the literature, such as: diaphragmatic eventration (the name is unsuccessful, it gives reason to imply a hernia), diaphragmatic insufficiency, idiopathic high standing, unilateral persistent increase in the diaphragm, megadiaphragm (which is not true).

The study shows the absence of muscle elements; between the serous sheets there is only fibrous tissue.

From bodies abdominal cavity the stomach and colon, then , less frequently small intestine. The stomach displaced upward undergoes the same changes in position as with a diaphragmatic hernia: the greater curvature is directed upward, adjacent to the diaphragm. The lung is compressed according to the height of the rise of the diaphragmatic septum, the heart is displaced to the right during left-sided relaxation.

There is every reason to consider the relaxation of the diaphragm as a congenital anomaly, a consequence of insufficient laying of the muscles, which normally grows into the poorly differentiated mesenchymal tissue that separates the body cavities. Relaxation of the diaphragm can be combined with other defects. Sometimes it is found in childhood. The fact that the disease is more often established at the age of 30-40 years is explained by the gradual stretching and increase in the level of the diaphragmatic septum as a result of the pressure of the abdominal organs due to the tension of the abdominal muscles.

Some allow not only congenital, but also acquired origin of diaphragm relaxation, not only agenesis, but also atrophy of muscle elements. Trauma very rarely precedes diaphragm relaxation, and if such a time relationship seems to exist, there is no evidence of lack of relaxation prior to injury. Vast experience says that the intersection of the phrenic nerve leads to relaxation of the diaphragmatic septum, but not to its total degeneration. At the same time, Kigyo's studies on monkeys should be taken into account, which showed that the combination of transection of the phrenic nerve with the transection of the sympathetic innervation gives an identical disease.

Diaphragm Relaxation Symptoms

The severity of clinical manifestations of diaphragm relaxation is different - from the complete absence of symptoms to significant disorders. There are changes in the position of the abdominal organs, especially the stomach, large intestine, as well as compression of the lung, displacement of the heart, very similar to what is observed with diaphragmatic hernia. This explains why the clinical symptomatology of both diseases is largely the same. The most significant difference is that there is no infringement during relaxation.

Manifestations of the disease are combined into the following clinical syndromes:

digestive, in the form of dysphagia, including paradoxical, vomiting, pain in the stomach, feelings of heaviness, constipation;
respiratory, manifested by shortness of breath after physical stress, after meal;
cardiac - in the form of palpitation of the heart, tachycardia, anginal phenomena.

Objective examination by conventional clinical methods can detect the same changes that are found in diaphragmatic hernia, and the same variability in the results of the study due to different position of the body or degree of filling of the stomach.

The only method to distinguish relaxation of the diaphragm from a hernia is an X-ray examination. It makes it possible to establish whether the displaced organs are located under or above the diaphragmatic septum. The boundary thoracoabdominal line can be formed both by the diaphragmatic septum and by the greater curvature of the stomach facing cranially. The diagnosis of diaphragmatic relaxation is certain if the contours of the diaphragmatic septum and the contours of the stomach are clearly separated. If upper contours stomach and large intestine are located on different levels and there is no diaphragm band between them, the diagnosis of a hernia is more likely, especially when, with the body positioned head down, the height of the location of the organs varies differently. With relaxation, the relationship is more constant. If one contour is visible, then by reducing the amount of air in the stomach, one can either separate its wall from the diaphragm, or establish that the broken border line is formed by the stomach. Repeated x-ray studies show the relative constancy of the picture during relaxation and great variability in hernia.

For the purpose of differential diagnosis, it is recommended to use the haevmoperitoneum. The air introduced into the abdominal cavity, if the diaphragm is intact, will separate it from the shadow of the stomach and intestines. A hole in the diaphragm allows air to enter the pleural cavity. However, with adhesions in the hernial orifice, air will remain in the abdominal cavity.

Diaphragm Relaxation Treatment

Relaxation of the diaphragm can only be corrected surgically. Indications for relaxation of the diaphragm are decided individually, taking into account the magnitude of the rise of the abdominal organs and the severity of clinical symptoms. The task of the operation is the reconstruction of the diaphragm, as a result of which the abdominal and thoracic organs must return to their normal position.

You can excise a section of the diaphragm and sew the edges of the incision with a frock-coat stitch. If the reduction of the diaphragm is insufficient, it is recommended to apply the second and third row of sutures. To strengthen a very thin diaphragmatic septum, after excising part of it, psoas, intercostal muscles, skin, wide fascia of the thigh. Close to the specified method of doubling the aperture. These operations are best performed using a thoracic approach.

The diaphragmatic septum can be reduced by the formation of a fold. The diaphragm duplication flap is fixed with sutures or to back wall chest and abdomen, or to the anterior abdominal wall.

To flatten the diaphragm, it is also proposed to apply corrugated sutures (back to front or front to back) using both thoracic and abdominal access.

The above methods of operation are used less and less, and the use of alloplastic materials to strengthen the diaphragm comes to the fore. Nylon, kapron, polyvinyl alcohol were used. It is recommended to place the alloplastic material between the sheets of the dissected diaphragmatic septum. For these operations, thoracic access is appropriate. The method, developed in detail by Petrovsky, consists in the fact that, after dissection of the diaphragm, a plate of polyvinyl alcohol measuring 30 X 25 X 0.7 cm is placed on the outer half of the diaphragm and sutured with silk to the prevertebral fascia and muscles chest wall, then to the remnants of the diaphragm at the pericardium and to the anterior wall of the chest along the projection of the medial borders of the left dome of the diaphragm. The medial sheet of the diaphragm is placed on the graft.

The article was prepared and edited by: surgeon

Relaxation of the diaphragm - thinning of the diaphragm and its displacement along with adjacent to

her abdominal organs into the chest. The line of attachment of the diaphragm remains

in the usual place.

Relaxation is congenital (due to underdevelopment or complete aplasia of the muscles

diaphragm) and acquired (more often as a result of damage to the diaphragmatic

Relaxation can be complete (total) when struck and moved to the chest

cage the entire dome of the diaphragm (usually the left), and partially (limited) with

thinning of any of its departments (often anteromedial on the right).

When the diaphragm relaxes, compression of the lung occurs on the side of the lesion and

mediastinal displacement to the opposite side, transverse and

longitudinal volvulus of the stomach (cardiac and antrum located on

one level), volvulus of the splenic flexure of the colon.

Clinic and diagnostics: limited right-sided relaxation proceeds

asymptomatic. With left-sided relaxation, the symptoms are the same as with

diaphragmatic hernia. Due to the absence of a hernial ring, infringement is impossible.

Diagnosis is based on the presence of symptoms of movement of the abdominal organs in

the corresponding half of the chest, compression of the lung, displacement of organs

mediastinum. X-ray examination is the main method,

confirming the diagnosis. When applying a diagnostic pneumoperitoneum over

relocated to chest organs determine the shadow of the diaphragm. Limited

right-sided relaxation is differentiated from tumors and cysts of the lung,

pericardium, liver.

Treatment: in the presence of severe clinical symptoms, surgical

treatment. The operation consists in bringing the displaced abdominal organs into

normal position and the formation of duplication of a thinned diaphragm or

its plastic strengthening with a mesh of polyvinyl alcohol (ayvalon), skin,

muscular or muscular-periosteal-pleural flap (autoplasty).

Causes of pathology

A congenital form of relaxation can be provoked by abnormal laying of diaphragm myotomes, as well as impaired muscle differentiation, and intrauterine injury/aplasia of the phrenic nerve.

The acquired form (secondary muscle atrophy) can be caused by inflammatory and traumatic injuries organ.

Also, an acquired ailment occurs against the background of damage to the phrenic nerve: traumatic, surgical, inflammatory, scar damage with lymphadenitis, tumor.

The congenital form leads to the fact that after the birth of a child, the organ cannot bear the load placed on it. It gradually stretches, which leads to relaxation. Stretching can occur with different speed, that is, it can manifest itself both in early childhood and in the elderly.

It should be noted that the congenital form of pathology is often accompanied by other anomalies of intrauterine development, for example, cryptorchidism, heart defects, etc.

The acquired form differs from the congenital one not by the absence, but by paresis / paralysis of the muscles and their subsequent atrophy. In this case, complete paralysis does not occur, so the symptoms are less pronounced than with the congenital form.

Acquired relaxation of the diaphragm may occur after secondary diaphragmitis, such as in pleurisy or subphrenic abscess, as well as after an organ injury.

Stretching of the stomach with pyloric stenosis can provoke the disease: constant trauma from the stomach provokes degenerative changes muscles and their relaxation.

Symptoms

The manifestations of the disease may differ from case to case. For example, they are very pronounced in congenital pathology, and in acquired, especially partial, segmental, they may be completely absent. This is due to the fact that the acquired is characterized by a lower degree of tissue stretching, a lower standing of the organ.

In addition, the segmental localization of the pathology on the right is more favorable, since the adjacent liver, as it were, tampons the damaged area. Limited relaxation on the left can also be covered by the spleen.

With diaphragm relaxation, symptoms rarely occur in childhood. The disease is more often manifested in people aged 25-30, especially in those who are engaged in heavy physical labor.

The main cause of complaints is the displacement of the peritoneal organs into the chest. For example, a part of the stomach rising, provokes a bend in the esophagus and its own, as a result of which the motility of the organs is disturbed, respectively, there are pain. The kinking of the veins can lead to internal bleeding. These signs of the disease are aggravated after a meal and physical activity. In this situation pain syndrome provokes an inflection of the vessels feeding the spleen, kidney and pancreas. Attacks of pain can reach high intensity.

As a rule, the pain syndrome manifests itself acutely. Its duration varies from several minutes to several hours. It ends just as quickly as it starts. Nausea often precedes an attack. It is noted that the pathology may be accompanied by difficulty in passing food through the esophagus, as well as bloating. These two phenomena quite often occupy a leading place in the clinic of pathology.

Most patients complain of attacks of pain in the region of the heart. These can be due to both vagal reflux and direct pressure on the organ exerted by the stomach.

Diagnostic methods

The main method for detecting relaxation is x-ray examination. Sometimes during relaxation there is a suspicion of a hernia, but to conduct differential diagnosis without x-ray examination almost impossible. Only sometimes the features of the course of the disease and the nature of its development make it possible to accurately determine the pathology.

The doctor, conducting a physical examination, detects the following phenomena: the lower border of the left lung is shifted upward; the zone of subdiaphragmatic tympanitis extends upwards; in the area of pathology, intestinal peristalsis is heard.

treatment

In this situation, only one way to eliminate the disease is possible - surgical.

However, not all patients are operated on. To do so, evidence is required.

Surgical intervention is performed only in cases where a person has pronounced anatomical changes, clinical symptoms incapacitating, causing severe discomfort.

Definition

The relaxation of the diaphragm is complete absence or a sharp thinning of the muscular layer of the diaphragm on the basis of an anomaly of development or a pathological process leading to a saccular protrusion of the diaphragm into the chest cavity.

The first report on the relaxation of the diaphragm, found during a pathoanatomical autopsy, was made in 1774. The term "relaxation of the diaphragm" was introduced in 1906 by Witing.

The term "diaphragm relaxation" combines two nosological units into one various diseases occurring with the same clinical symptoms, due to a progressive increase in the standing of one of the domes of the diaphragm. At congenital anomaly development of the diaphragm, one of the halves of the abdominal obstruction is devoid of muscle elements. With acquired relaxation, we are talking about paralysis of the development of the muscles of the diaphragm, followed by atrophy of the muscle elements.

Causes

According to the Valdoni classification, three groups of diaphragm changes are distinguished. The first group includes congenital thinning of the diaphragm. With them, the diaphragm is thin transparent and mainly consists of sheets of the pleura and peritoneum. The second group includes such lesions in which the diaphragm has completely lost its tone, looks like a tendon sac with severe atrophy of the muscle layer. The third group includes violations of the motor function of the diaphragm while maintaining its tone.

The etiological moment that contributes to the emergence of acquired forms of relaxation of the diaphragm is the defeat of its nerve elements. Removing Edge nodes sympathetic trunk leads to diaphragmatic relaxation. During operations for the relaxation of the diaphragm, a significant shortening of the phrenic nerve is observed. Histological examination remote during surgical intervention of the diaphragm in one patient revealed the absence of any nerve elements in it.

Highlights the following possible reasons relaxation of the diaphragm.

Causes of congenital relaxation (primary muscle aplasia):

vicious laying of diaphragm myotomes;
violations of the differentiation of muscle elements;
intrauterine trauma or aplasia of the thoracic nerve.

Causes of acquired relaxation (secondary muscle atrophy):

diaphragm injuries: inflammatory, traumatic;
damage to the phrenic nerve (secondary neurotrophic muscle atrophy): traumatic, surgical, tumor damage, scarring with lymphadenitis and inflammatory.

Congenital relaxation of the diaphragm, due to any of the above reasons, from a pathogenetic point of view, is a violation of the development of the muscular part of the diaphragm from the primary connective tissue diaphragm.

Thus, the chest-abdominal barrier during this suffering turns out to be the embryonic primary connective tissue diaphragm that has stopped in its development, which is unable to withstand the mechanical load placed on it after the birth of the child. Gradually stretching, it eventually reaches the state that can be diagnosed as relaxation of the diaphragm. The stretching of this thinned connective tissue abdominal barrier, depending on a number of reasons, occurs in different patients with unequal speed, beginning to manifest itself clinically, sometimes in children, and sometimes in the elderly.

Many authors note a certain tendency of congenital relaxation to be combined with other anomalies. embryonic development(true diaphragmatic hernia, congenital heart defects, cryptorchidism, etc.). Cases are described when the relaxation of the diaphragm and Hirschsprung's disease are found in the same patient. However, not being the main reason for the development this disease, relaxation, of course, worsens the course of Hirschsprung's disease, and the latter, in turn, favors a more rapid stretching of the thinned diaphragm.

Acquired relaxation, in contrast to congenital relaxation, is characterized not by the absence of muscle structures of the diaphragm, but only by their paresis or paralysis, followed by more or less pronounced atrophy.

With acquired relaxation, complete paralysis of the diaphragm with atrophy of its muscular elements does not develop, therefore, the pathological severity of this disease and its clinical manifestations is less than with a congenital disease.

Acquired relaxation can develop in response to secondary diaphragmatitis (with pleurisy, subdiaphragmatic abscess, etc.), as well as as a result of direct injury to the diaphragm. The reason for the development of relaxation may be stretching of the stomach with pyloric stenosis. Permanent trauma to the diaphragm from the side of the stomach entails degenerative changes in the diaphragmatic muscles and their relaxation.

Phrenic nerve injuries are the most common cause for the development of acquired relaxation of the diaphragm.

Symptoms

The clinical picture various types diaphragm relaxation is not the same. It is most pronounced with total congenital relaxation, and with acquired pathology, especially with segmental, partial relaxation, the symptoms of the disease may be completely absent. This is explained, firstly, by the fact that the acquired total relaxation is characterized, as a rule, by a lower degree of diaphragm stretching, more low level her standing than a similar congenital pathology, and, secondly, the predominance of right-sided localization of segmental relaxation (on the right, the liver, as it were, tampons the affected area of the diaphragm). Sometimes the limited relaxation on the left can also be covered by the spleen in a similar way.

Symptoms of the disease, even with congenital relaxation, relatively rarely begin to appear in childhood.

More characteristic for the relaxation of the diaphragm is the relatively late and slow development of the symptoms of the disease. Complaints in patients appear from the age of 25-30 and gradually and steadily progress, especially in people engaged in heavy physical labor.

The reason for the appearance of complaints is the movement of the abdominal organs into the chest. The bottom and body of the stomach, shifting upwards, while maintaining the usual location of the abdominal esophagus, cause kinks in the esophagus and stomach, violating their motility, which manifests itself in the form of pain attacks. The bending of the venous blood flow from the stomach can lead to bleeding both by diapedesis from the swelling vessels of the gastric mucosa, and from the varicose veins of the esophagus (collateral blood flow). It is natural that indicated symptoms have a tendency to increase after eating. Often the pain also appears after exercise. In this case, it is caused by kinks in the vessels that feed the pancreas, kidney, and spleen that are moving upwards. Like others ischemic pain, these attacks can reach extreme intensity.

Pain usually appears acutely, lasts from 15-20 minutes to several hours and also stops suddenly. In most patients, they are not accompanied by vomiting, but often they are preceded by nausea. Some patients complain of difficulty in passing food through the esophagus and bloating, which in some cases occupies a leading place in the clinic of the disease.

Often, patients with relaxation of the diaphragm note bouts of pain in the region of the heart, which can cause both a vagal reflex and direct pressure on the heart exerted by abdominal organs through the thinned diaphragm that has shifted upward.

Diagnostics

The main method for diagnosing relaxation of the diaphragm, as well as diaphragmatic hernias, is an X-ray examination of the patient.

In some patients with relaxation of the diaphragm, it is clinically possible to suspect the presence of a diaphragmatic hernia, but it is almost impossible to make a differential diagnosis between a hernia and relaxation of the diaphragm without the use of an X-ray examination. Only the features of the nature of the development and course of the disease can provide some assistance in solving this problem.

Physical examination of patients reveals: moving upwards of the lower border of the left lung simultaneously with the spread of subdiaphragmatic tympanitis upwards and listening to intestinal motility in this area, sometimes splashing noise (the inflection of the stomach makes it difficult to evacuate from it).

Treatment for relaxation of the diaphragm is possible only surgically. However, not all patients have sufficient indications for surgical intervention.

The operation is indicated for those patients who have pronounced anatomical changes and clinical symptoms of the disease, depriving the patient of his ability to work, causing him significant anxiety, or if complications develop that pose a threat to the patient's life ( acute volvulus stomach, diaphragmatic rupture, gastric bleeding).

When deciding on the operation, it is necessary to take into account the possible presence of certain contraindications to surgical intervention from the side general condition sick.

With poorly expressed clinical manifestations, as in the asymptomatic course of the disease, the need for surgical treatment missing. Such patients, in contrast to patients with traumatic and congenital diaphragmatic hernias, without any threat of infringement for years can be under medical supervision. In the case of a significant increase in the level of standing of the diaphragm and an increase in the intensity of symptoms, it is necessary to recommend surgery to patients.

Patients under observation should perform a sparing regimen that eliminates the conditions for an excessive increase in intra-abdominal pressure. They should avoid significant physical exertion, overeating, monitor regular bowel movements, etc.

Online doctor's consultation

Specialization: Gastroenterologist

Alexandra: 02/29/2016
Hello, the child is 3 years 11 months old, complaints about headache in the morning (only the moment when he wakes up), appetite is normal, stool - sometimes, if every day, then not tight, if every other day, then wooden. For the last half a year, she often got sick, had otitis media twice, adenoiditis, tonsillitis, drank a lot of antibiotics (Flemoklav, Sumamed, Pantsev, Sumamed again) after panzef, it was the end of January, red spots appeared on the pope around the anus in the form of clear circles and ovals, and the same on the chin. We went to a gynecologist - she prescribed fluconazole 50 mg once and clotrimazole locally, and she sent us to a dermatologist. The dermatologist prescribed pimafucort and zinc paste locally for 7 days. Everything is gone. BUT, the child fell ill again and again sumamed for 3 days !! And everything on the pope and chin is new!!! They passed the tests, here are the results: Citrobacter freundii 1e7 (normal - less than 10 ^ 4) Candida albicans - they made sensitivity to it, although in general analysis yeast-like fungi less than 10*3?! Nothing was found in the analysis for protozoan cysts. And in scatology yeast-like fungi in moderation. I can’t understand the lack of coincidence in the indicators, does this mean intestinal candidiasis?