The Great American Show(American Show) or “The Zeitgeist in 20 minutes” – Who rules us and the world and how. Short documentary about the intentions of the US ruling elite, what they strived for and what they have already achieved.

* Who rules us and the world and how.

We are all being fooled! We are all SLAVES TO THE WORLD'S FINANCIAL ELITE through the money, media and education they control. A is highest form manipulation public consciousness, and therefore by society itself.

Their goal is globalization world economy and the creation of a WORLD GOVERNMENT through the subjugation or elimination of independent regimes in all countries. Unfortunately, they are very close to achieving their goal - organizations such as the UN, IMF, World Bank, WTO, etc. have already been created, whose tasks are not at all what they declare and propagate through the media under their control. Owners of international corporations benefit through education and media to form an ideology of consumption among the population.

American Show

America is an empire that rules the world, totally controls everything: money, oil, politics, wars, information, culture, science. Everything in the world. But it didn’t happen right away.

In the beginning, Europe and Russia were strong. America began to solve this problem and organized the First world war. While they were killing each other, America was building its country. After all, it doesn’t matter how many people die; the main thing is that everything is fine with you. After World War I, America brought Hitler to power in Germany, who unleashed World War II, in which America profited to the fullest. We did not interfere until the last moment - we waited until the young and strong went to their graves and destroyed their cities. And then we appeared - saviors who will help. But only on the condition that everyone owes us money, and the most talented come to us and work for us. It's okay that Hitler killed 50 million people; the main thing is that everything is fine with you. To be honest, Hitler was our friend. My grandfather Prescott Bush owned the bank that financed Hitler's rise to power.

Our civilization has destroyed other cultures from the very beginning, just as it did with the Indians. She subjugated them by any means, as was the case with blacks in Africa. And we don't know anything else. So it was with Europe. We had jazz and cinema, but they had war; brilliant, isn't it? We organized Pearl Harbor, and then they rewrote history, and they tell you that the Japanese did everything. We just needed a reason to go to war. What are 2000 people, even if they are our soldiers, compared to the billions of dollars we have earned and the power we have gained.

Yes, America won the war, we made the most money from this. The Russians and Germans were meat, like everyone else, all we had to do was help them with technology and play on their ambitions so that they would complete the job.

When it was all over, we had a problem, these were the Russians, the only ones who claimed to be a world power. Moreover, they had nuclear weapons. They could not be defeated by force. And our strategy was to destroy them in a different way. We imposed an arms race on the Russians, which they and their economy could not win. But this was just a distraction so that we could have an order for the production of weapons. While the Russians were building rockets, we defeated them with jeans, Coca-Cola and naked women, calling it freedom. When the Russians were defeated, they became a source of first-class scientists who hated their homeland. Fools.

In Europe itself big problem for us was their centuries-old culture and history. We have dissolved them with mass culture. Do you remember how rock and roll came about? Yes, those nice guys who sang about love and freedom. Do you remember the sexual revolution and the hippies? It is naive to believe that all this arose by itself. There were just a lot of young and talented people - they are always a source of problems. Then we created the first social virus, a setup for rapid self-destruction: “ live bright, die young».

The development of the media has allowed us to control almost all information flows. We had to make the meaning of people's lives that which would give us the maximum income. We have created a consumer society in which the pursuit of necessary things has become the meaning of life.

Culture of instincts and inverted values gave us the opportunity to control consciousness and dissolve the traditional way of life of many peoples. Europeans and Russians no longer want to start families and have children. Most people don't care where they come from, what their history is, or who rules them. , who will simply survive them, and then this territory will become a second America - a country without Family and Tribe, without history.

Freedom? Don't make me laugh. Freedom today means choosing between the types of washing powders and the brand of car. Your salary and purchases - everything goes through our accounts. Your life is our income. The more you buy, the more we get.

We ourselves created the terrorists with whom we scare the whole world today. This is our network, and only idiots think that everything happens by itself. Any terrorist attack is our order. Man is an animal that The most effective way to manage is through fear.. He made a noise somewhere, invited TV, and the person is ready to do anything to ensure that this doesn’t happen to him.

But what to do with our weapons, with our military industry, which brings in so much income? And we came to Iraq again, we came to the Russian Caucasus, we destroyed Yugoslavia. Under our leadership, innocent people were destroyed - we didn’t care, because we don’t care about these subhumans.

They were dying - we were dancing.

In the vastness of the former Soviet Union We organized a series of coups and turned these countries into our colonies with the help of finance. The Baltic states are ruled by Hitler's heirs. In Ukraine and Georgia there are presidents who do not care about their people and act solely on our orders, killing opposition politicians and closing opposition media. We need Georgia as a military base for Iran; Ukraine – for Russia. Their economies are completely dependent on us. In the countries that we enslave, we destroy more or less competitive businesses. Clever, isn't it?

Democracy is what benefits us; everything else is nothing more than an American Show performance. As you can see, we learned gradually, improving the technology, and today we master it perfectly.

The Empire owns you: your bank account, your phone number, email address and letters in it, news on your TV, your computer and operating system, your diary and your dating profile, your job, car and house, books you read, movies, what you look at, the clothes you wear, and even the chair you sit on - all this belongs to us. But most importantly, we own your consciousness, your dreams and fears, your desires and your actions. Your past, present and future.

Do you know who you are? Or more precisely, what are you? You are the most ordinary battery, one of the billions of energy sources that power our... The last stage remains - we need absolute, total control over everyone throughout the entire territory of the earth, a worldwide unified power and currency. Very soon, every person will have a built-in microcircuit that will be his passport and wallet at the same time. We will finally establish power over all humanity. Our great luck is that you don't believe in this, fool. Your heart belongs to me, just like you.

The heart is a counter counting down the time until the final. Think about it, is this where you are going? Is this how you live? Is what you used to consider valuable worth anything? The only way resist – universal resistance. Seek the truth, tell the truth. Get your heart back.

For many of us, the real power of the current government is in question. Almost every person has at least once thought about who controls the world in reality, because behind any power there is always some other powerful organization.

Choosing a government ordinary people they believe that they can influence the course of events, although everything has already been decided long ago. In fact, the highest levels of power in any country are planned, skillful decorations, deliberately created by world rulers for their own purposes.

The most mysterious organization, around which there are many legends, is the Society of Freemasons. He is credited with ruling the world financial system, and some people firmly believe that the United States not only has a connection with this organization, but is also under its control. These speculations do not have direct evidence, but deny the fact of the existence of Freemasons and their influence on international economics it is forbidden.

The desire of secret dynasties for world domination can be traced back to ancient times. However, it was only after the end of World War II that they created a powerful banking system. With its help, they were able to influence the development of the economies of different countries.

By the way, global economic crises They also happen by no means by chance. With such powerful levers of control in their hands, secret organizations can influence the policies of any state.

You can trace a clear hierarchy of world domination, which consists of 5 steps:

1. Central control core. It consists of several people who are given supernatural powers to communicate with Supreme Mind.
2. The richest families and dynasties on the planet. They control the main turnover cash, in their subordination are representatives of the authorities of most countries. According to their plans, wars or large-scale economic crises occur.
3. Famous financiers, sheikhs, kings, presidents.
4. Political officials, big businessmen, leaders of religious societies.
5. FBI, police, GRU, army.

These 5 levels of government have a direct impact on humanity, although they constitute only 10% of the total mass of people. The remaining 90% are ordinary inhabitants of the earth who live their own lives, and most of them are not at all interested in the question of who really rules the world.

The Rockefellers are the most famous financial magnates

The Rockefeller dynasty consists of politicians, bankers, financiers, and industrialists. Its origins lie with John Rockefeller, who founded the Standard Oil oil company in 1870. He became famous after becoming the first dollar billionaire on Earth.

He achieved success and great wealth thanks to the increased demand for petroleum products. Rockefeller gained power and authority after many years of hard work. He pursued an aggressive takeover policy, during which he bought the companies of his competitors, ruined them, created large concerns from several small ones, and actually created a monopoly.

John Rockefeller was involved in charity work, financed medical institutions and educational structures. His heir, John Rockefeller Jr., became involved in real estate. His famous office building was Rockefeller Center, and he also participated in financial activities and was one of the owners of Chase Bank.

Today the head of the dynasty is David Rockefeller, a supporter of globalization and the creation of world governance. It raises troubling questions such as maintaining population levels after depletion natural resources, advocates for cleanliness of the environment and maintains a leading position in business. The Rockefellers are at the head of the following companies:

• Xerox
• Pfizer
• Boeing
• Exxon Mobil (oil concern)
• New York Life (insurance company)

Many attributed to the family a connection with the Freemasons and control of the world. One thing is clear - this special people who were able to build and maintain their wealth even in difficult periods and influence financial and banking systems around the world.

Rothschilds - financiers who rule the world

The founder of the dynasty was Meyer Rothschild. The Rothschilds created business relationships and influenced the decisions of royal families, bankers, and financiers. The activities of Nathan Rothschild, one of Meyer's sons, include the sale of gold and the supply of raw materials for certain types of industry. As a result, the Rothschild financial empire became the largest creditor of many European countries even during the wars involving Napoleon.

Clever, well-thought-out moves that were several steps ahead of their rivals, and a well-regulated system for transmitting and receiving information allowed the family to make successful financial decisions and increase their wealth. The Rothschild Empire is one of the initiators of the creation of the American Federal Reserve System.

Many consider this family to be supporters of the “Jewish conspiracy” and attribute unimaginable legends and bloody stories to it. But taking a sober look at the history of the dynasty, it becomes clear that these people are successful businessmen who were somehow able to win the trust of many countries.

It remains unknown until the end what their goal is - to control the world or to destroy it. And if the power over the world is truly concentrated in their hands, everyone else can only hope that they will make their efforts to preserve and strengthen it, so that people can live in peace.

Families that rule the world

Top the list of the richest and influential people There are three dynasties on the planet: the Slim family, Gates and Buffett.

Until recently, no one knew Carlos Slim Helu. But he managed to quickly burst into the world of wealth and even oust its leader, Bill Gates.

Contrary to legends, Slim did not make his fortune from scratch. The initial capital was an inheritance from his father in the amount of $400 million. For many years he was engaged in buying up bankrupt enterprises and giving them new life, turning it into a super profitable business. For this they began to call him Midas - in honor of the famous mythical king who turns everything into gold. Today his capital is estimated at $68 billion.

The Gates family is worth about $62 billion. The Microsoft founder actively invests in politics - he funds the US Democratic Party and is involved in charity work.

Some envious people claim that Gates' company makes huge profits due to its monopoly position in the global market. The American government not only does nothing to correct the situation, but also acts on the world market as a kind of representative of Microsoft.

Warren Buffett founded his first investment firm in 1956, successfully turning it into initial capital from 100 thousand dollars to 7 million. He then bought shares of Berkshire's fading textiles company and quickly turned it into a profitable company.

His investment portfolio is replenished with shares of Gillette, Coca-Cola, McDonalds, American Express, Walt Disney, etc. Today, Buffett's fortune is estimated at $44 billion.

Who is at the helm of government?

The lion's share of the world's wealth, about 80%, is earned by 1,318 companies. They are headed by 147 largest corporations, a significant part of which are financial objects and the Federal Reserve Banks of America.

Steve Jobs, Henry Ford, George Soros, Donald Trump – everyone knows the names of famous and influential people today. Do they all really rule the world?

Opinions differ between two categories of people. Some believe that:

Like all wealthy families, these dynasties have a profound influence on the global economy as a whole. They develop new industries, invest in innovations and inventions, donate money to charity and can defend their personal interests at the government level.

Most likely, these names and the history of the creation of their wealth are an example of how to build and save your business, resorting to the correct establishment of all processes and connections. After all, their main trump card is an accurate understanding of the situation and the ability to analyze information resources, directing them in the right direction.

No wonder they say:

Whoever owns information has the power to rule the world.

Perhaps this is the main secret of the success and prosperity of these powerful families. But attributing to them control of the world and the desire for dominance remains controversial.

Supporters of the other side hold completely different views. Although the modern world is a very complex system for several people to manage, it is still various reasons and, having strong evidence of this, many people are sure that this is exactly so...

Historical parallels between the USA and Ancient Rome.

We rarely compare the United States with Ancient Rome. Maybe because subconsciously we want to reserve this place for ourselves. Although in fact, Russia is a second Constantinople, and not imperial Rome. It was continuity in relation to Byzantium that was meant by the monk Philotheus, the author of the famous formula: “Moscow is the Third Rome.”

In contrast, the logic of Rome's imperial rule plays out with greater plausibility in American history. The coincidences, of course, are not accidental. Historical parallels are due general character world domination. It must also be said that the Americans purposefully copied Ancient Rome. The Senate, the Capitol, the dollar sign (the crossed out letter s is the Roman sestertius) and much more - all from there.


Roman Empire in 117 AD e. during the reign of Trajan. Relative to the size of the planet, the Roman Empire is not that large, but at that time it included most of the civilized world.
Advantages of the New World.
One of the most important factors What ensured the rise of the United States was its overseas location. Debilitating wars bypassed America. The bloodiest conflict in the history of the United States was the Civil War - by European standards, it was not particularly cruel and destructive. Our history in this sense is much more complex and dramatic.
Ancient Rome was also very lucky at the start that it was located at some distance from the center of ancient civilization. While Rome grew boringly and grew stronger, to the east of Italy more civilized peoples enthusiastically crushed each other.
Eastern part Mediterranean Sea was an arena of constant conflict. For fifty years the Greeks fought with the Persians and still stopped the expansion of the great empire. Then Athens rose - they were overwhelmed by the joint efforts of the Greek city-states (financed by the Persians). Sparta rose and a government was found for it too. Thebes took the lead, but, of course, it all ended in defeat.
Later, the Romans liked to dream that, they say, the mighty legions of their small but proud power in their time could defeat even Alexander the Great (see the fantasies of Titus Livy). Of course, in reality such a meeting took place in the 4th century BC. e. would be fatal for Rome. The success story of the United States would also not be so brilliant if in the 19th century Napoleon was located in close proximity to it, and before the First World War, instead of neighboring Mexico, it had a border with, for example, Germany.
The rise of Rome is due to the fact that for the first few centuries of its history it fought only with barbarians. It was fenced off from its more dangerous neighbors by seas. At the same time, Ancient Italy was a fairly developed region with a large number Greek colonies, from which the Romans could borrow advanced technologies of the then civilization. By the way, such outstanding scientists as Pythagoras and Archimedes lived in the Italian colonies of the Hellenes.

Venus gives Aeneas the armor of Vulcan. The gods made sure that Aeneas could survive the Trojan War and found a new power in Italy. The Roman legend of the flight of a small group of defenders of Troy recalls the journey of the Pilgrim Fathers aboard the Mayflower to the shores of America in the first half of the 17th century.
The path to world domination through world war.

Before the two world wars, the United States was a strong regional power, nothing more. Logics historical process indicates that it is impossible to achieve world domination by peacefully increasing GDP. We need to crush the other contenders. In this sense, the example of China, whose economy has long been No. 1 in the world, is instructive. However, as long as the US military machine exists, China cannot claim leadership.
At the same time, the United States was very lucky. Both in April 1917 and in December 1941 they successfully pulled off the same maneuver. They entered the war at a time when opposing blocs had already formed, thereby significantly strengthening one of the sides. Win-win strategy.
The Romans had a more difficult time. In the two Punic Wars they came face to face with Carthage, another contender for dominance in the Mediterranean. In 218 BC. e. Hannibal, perhaps the most talented general of antiquity, crossed the Alps, defeated the Romans in many battles and spent a total of 15 years in Italy. Taking advantage of this, many cities in Italy broke away from Rome. It would be the same if Field Marshal Manstein had landed in Texas, where he received the support of the old Confederates, who had not forgotten or forgiven the defeat of the South during the Civil War.
However, the Romans survived and won. As a result of the Punic Wars, they became the owners of a large and experienced army, which they immediately used to consolidate their hegemony.


Gladiator fights in the Colosseum arena. While the ancient Greeks preferred theater and sports, the Romans enjoyed violent spectacles in the spirit of Hollywood action films. Mass culture, in which disemboweled intestines are the norm, unmistakably points to a people who love to fight.

Rome is the leader of the democratic world.
After the victory over Carthage, there were still two great powers, Hellenistic monarchies, that were potentially capable of stopping Roman expansion: the Seleucid Empire and Macedonia. By the way, the United States after World War II also could not become the absolute masters of the planet as long as the USSR and China existed.
In the wars against Macedonia and the Seleucids, Rome consistently acted as a defender of democracy and independence of numerous (and very rich and developed) Greek states. From the Greek allies, the Romans put together something like NATO and the European Union. On the contrary, both Hellenistic monarchies were presented in Roman propaganda as despotic empires that only dreamed of enslaving the free world.
As a result of a series of conflicts, opponents of democracy were defeated. Defeated Macedonia was divided into several independent republics. The Romans forbade these states from all political and economic contacts with each other. Even marriages could only be concluded within one republic, just like owning property. The United States has been trying to implement a similar strategy in relation to the republics over the past few decades. former USSR. And we must admit that we have achieved some success in this.


The Macedonian king Perseus and his entire family humiliate themselves before the Roman consul. The Greeks, who helped defeat Macedonia, very soon had to go through a similar procedure.

The Seleucid Empire, in turn, could not withstand the “arms race.” Wars with Rome required large expenses, and in case of defeats it was necessary to pay huge indemnities. King Antiochus III, an outstanding politician of antiquity and generally a man of outstanding merit, shamefully ended his life as a robber of temple treasures. Collecting money to pay the indemnity, the king with an armed detachment attacked the temple of one of the cities in Mesopotamia at night, but was killed by local residents who had fled to the noise.
Naturally, similar domestic politics contributed to separatism. Most of the peoples of the great Seleucid empire hastened to disconnect from the power, whose central power had degraded to such an extent.


The Seleucid power within the borders of 64 BC is marked in blue. e., at the time of joining the Roman Republic. It is characteristic that Rome was unable to digest most of the territory of the empire it defeated. Everything east of the Euphrates was given to the Parthians, a warlike people originally from Central Asia.

Enslavement of allies.
It is interesting that after the defeat of Macedonia, the Greeks enjoyed freedom and democracy for exactly two years. A conflict arose within Hellas, similar to the current crisis in Catalonia. In 147 BC. e. The oligarchs of Sparta did not share some large bribe with the oligarchs from other policies of Greece, after which they announced that they were leaving the union. In turn, neighboring policies began to threaten the separatists that they would carry out a police operation. The Spartans rather vilely turned to Rome for mediation and called legions to Greece.
Finally, the ancient Greeks still showed that they had not completely forgotten their heroic history. Hellenic patriots nationalized the property of the oligarchs, who had been selling their homeland for the last half century. Made all slaves born in Greece free. The loan debts with which the pro-Roman elite had entangled the population were cancelled. They assembled an impressive army.
However, by this time the forces were clearly not equal. There were no states left outside Hellas that could come to the aid of the Greeks. The legions broke through the defenses at Thermopylae, and then inflicted a decisive defeat on the Greeks. It is characteristic that the oligarchs greeted the Romans with joyful shouts, with olive branches in their hands. Greece, previously thoroughly plundered by legionnaires, became a Roman province. Only Sparta and Athens retained formal independence in memory of their great past.


In antiquity, there were no modern financial instruments to exploit other countries indirectly. Therefore, the Romans simply robbed their opponents, provoking wars specifically for this purpose. Indemnities were collected from the vanquished, and prisoners were sold into slavery.
Economy of a World Empire.
What was the engine and fuel of Roman expansion? Of course, income from brilliant conquests. The indemnities from defeated opponents alone often exceeded the rest of the budget revenue (read “Outlines of the World Economy 1-2030. Essays on Macroeconomic History” by Angus Maddison). Pompey's (later Caesar's most important rival) campaigns in the East brought 340 million sesterces a year to the budget. Caesar's conquest of Gaul was not such a profitable enterprise: only 40 million. The defeat of the pirates in Cyprus brought the treasury 160 million.


The Rape of the Sabine Women. The Romans did not need to seek justification for their conquests.

Moreover, indemnities are just the tip of the iceberg. Soldiers and officers robbed much more; the legates of the legions became millionaires after successful campaigns. The governors of the new provinces were richer than the kings of neighboring powers, because they were engaged in the most unscrupulous corruption. All this money ultimately went into the Italian economy. Rome was bathed in luxury. In 167 BC. e. In Italy, all types of direct taxes were abolished; there was enough money as it was.
Even despite tax immunity, the “deindustrialization” of Italy occurred. A process similar to the one faced by the United States. Labor is too expensive. The plebs are on welfare, everyone demands bread and circuses.
Only the “working” of the economy saved Italy from the final transfer of real production to the provinces. The labor of free people was replaced by the labor of slaves.
Instead of farm plots and craft workshops, Italy was covered with giant plantations and factories built on forced labor. But even with the fairly high efficiency of large enterprises, Italy was still critically dependent on imports from the provinces.


Classical slavery existed only in Italy. Overall, slaves made up only 10% of the empire's population, but half of them were in Italy. It is possible that during the robotization of the 21st century we will also see similar distortions.
Transition to the "golden age".
That is, we are dealing with a classic pyramid. In theory, the achievement of growth limits by the Roman Empire should have automatically provoked the collapse of the entire structure. As a result, Roman rule had every chance of going down in history as one of the darkest pages of antiquity. No one would remember anything good about them. However, it happened differently. The “golden age” has arrived, a wonderful era of peace and prosperity.
The internal regions of the state did not know what war was for centuries. Cities had their walls torn down because they were no longer needed. Famous roads stretched across the country, which were used even a thousand years after the fall of Rome. And cultural achievements have served as role models even longer than roads.
What is the secret of Rome? Approximately 100-120 years before reaching its maximum size, the empire ceased to see the meaning of expansion in robbery. There were still extensive conquests ahead: Britain, Germany, Thrace, Cappadocia, Mesopotamia, Dacia... However, Rome had already stopped terrorizing the conquered and neighboring peoples. It happened as follows.
Conquest and plunder are the first stage. The second is brutal exploitation. The third is the gradual integration of the conquered countries as equal regions of the empire. Local residents were given Roman citizenship. The first senators from the provinces appeared. And then there are emperors with Spanish, African or Syrian accents. The empire became beneficial to the peoples who inhabited it. The main “goods” of Rome were security, culture, civilization, and law. The concept of a “common fatherland” appeared. As the writers and poets of that time said from the most different corners empire, “Rome not only ruled, but was worthy of dominion.” The idea of ​​Pax Romana, the Roman world, is read in Pliny, Plutarch, Virgil.
It is symbolic that the beginning of the new policy was laid in the era of Octavian Augustus, at the turn of our era, just at the time when the famous events happened in Palestine. At the same time, the dualism of imperial power arose. On the one hand, Augustus was a princeps for the Roman people, and on the other, an emperor for the rest of the empire.


Interestingly, racism was completely alien to the Romans. Perhaps this factor also favored the integration of the provinces, otherwise they would have been stuck in the status of exploited colonies for a long time. Fresco from Pompeii.

Where the US missed the point of no return.
In the end, the Roman Empire fell anyway, lost its guidelines, and decayed from the inside. In detail about the reasons - in the 7-volume “History of the Decline and Collapse of the Roman Empire”, no one has ever dug deeper than Edward Gibbon.
The trouble with the United States (and us at the same time, as hostages of the modern world order) is not that America is degenerating like the Roman Empire. They're up to the stage moral decay It’s still a long way off, moreover, the United States will not reach it at all. They won't make it in time.
Following the trajectory of the Roman Empire, the United States has reached its limits. They influence the whole world in one way or another. There is nowhere to go further than expansion. Washington makes money on world currency, on world oil production, on world conflicts, on the world production of meanings, i.e. on everything that a world empire can theoretically make money on. They just missed the point for a smooth transition to the era of “good emperors” who were supposed to take on the burden of protecting civilization. They didn't even notice her in 1991.
The collapse of the Soviet Union gave the Americans a unique chance to cross out and rewrite all the controversial and vile aspects of building an empire, just as the Romans did. They abandoned him.
On the contrary, the United States continued to act as if the string of profitable conquests would continue indefinitely. How? There is no life on Mars. Everything that could be included in the process of globalization on our planet is already there.

The book of the German Herfried Münkler “Empires. The logic of domination over the world. From Ancient Rome to the USA." The author calls European Union also try to become an empire.

Rome would have collapsed already in the 1st century AD if it had continued its previous policy of “controlled chaos.” After all, chaos tends to become uncontrollable.
There is an interesting period in the history of Rome civil wars, when opposing political factions competed with each other not by the number of votes in the Senate, but by the number of legions. Apparently, the time is not far off when American parties will also begin to use against each other all the sophisticated techniques that they have developed in foreign policy. Including technologies of the “orange revolutions”. Or maybe even involve third countries in the US political struggle.
It is still difficult to imagine Trump, who, together with armed supporters, crosses the US border on the Rio Grande with the words: “The die is cast!” However, until recently, few people imagined that the American establishment would sabotage the policies of the legally elected president.


An ancient Roman aqueduct built to supply water to the city of Nîmes, Southern Gaul. The total length of the water pipeline is 50 km, the difference in water level is only 17 m. After the fall of the empire, the water supply soon became clogged, and wild residents used the aqueduct as a toll bridge, fleecing money from merchants and pilgrims. So our main task for the 21st century is to survive the fall of the current world order without losses in cultural and technical development.

Abstracts were prepared based on materials from the German magazine "Illustrierte Wissenschaft".

From the school history course we know about the emergence of the first states on earth with their unique way of life, culture and art. The distant and largely mysterious life of people of past times excited and awakened imagination. And, probably, for many it would be interesting to see maps of the greatest empires of antiquity, placed side by side. Such a comparison makes it possible to feel the size of the once gigantic state formations and the place they occupied on Earth and in the history of mankind.

Egypt. The empire reached its greatest size in 1450 BC. e.

Greece. The dark areas on the map indicate the lands where Greek culture flourished.

Persia. The territory of the empire in 500 BC. e.

India. The country's territory reached its largest size in 250 BC. e.

China occupied such territory in 221 BC. e.

The Roman Empire at its peak - the beginning of the 2nd century new era.

Byzantium in its heyday - VI century.

Arab Caliphate. It reached its greatest size in 632 AD. e. A118 years later, the area of ​​the Caliphate was significantly reduced (dark shading).

The state is an ancient social entity and means a territory occupied by a settled population subject to the same authority. Ancient thinkers already thought about the essence of government. For example, the Greek philosopher Aristotle saw in the state the final natural form of community life, important for man, who by his nature is a “political being.” Moreover, he considered the state “an environment for a completely happy life.”

In the Middle Ages and beyond late time The concept of “state” began to include contractual principles between a person and the supreme power. In the state of nature, a person lacks not rights, the English thinkers of the 17th century John Milton and John Locke believed, but their security, which he finds in a state established by agreement precisely for this purpose.

A true son of the age of enlightenment, Jean-Jacques Rousseau saw the meaning of the formation of a state in respecting the interests of each of its citizens. People need it in order to “find a form of union that would protect and ensure the personality and property of each member of society so that each, connecting with others, would obey only himself and remain as free as before.” “Freedom is not alienable” is the main position of Rousseau.

Even 8-9 thousand years ago, people began to switch to a sedentary lifestyle. Agriculture and the first domestic animals appeared. The so-called Neolithic revolution took place, which brought people to new living conditions. Agriculture could already provide people with sufficient food, so hunting and gathering receded into the background. There was a division of labor between members of the same group, with leaders who governed communities of people. Over time, the need for public buildings arose, and the construction of palaces, temples, and fortresses began. Writing and the beginnings of arithmetic, astronomy and medicine appeared.

Rivers played a huge role in the formation of early civilizations. A river is not only a waterway, but also a stable harvest; it is no coincidence that it was in those distant times that people began to build canals and dams. But since the scattered tribes could not afford large reclamation buildings, groups of farmers united. The first state formations arose in Mesopotamia, between the Tigris and Euphrates, where a flourishing culture developed.

Modern archaeologists and historians identify several conditions that give the right to call ancient communities of people a state. The first of them is no less than five thousand people who worship the same gods. Power is equipped with an apparatus of officials, and writing is indispensable, existing in any form. Large buildings - palaces and temples - are also an obligatory attribute of statehood. The population is divided into specialties so that everyone can no longer do everything for themselves and their families. So, along with priests and soldiers, artists, philosophers, builders, blacksmiths, weavers, potters, reapers, merchants and so on appeared.

The ancient empires that played their role in human history had all of the above conditions. But in addition, they were characterized by long-term political stability and well-established communications to the most remote outskirts, without which it is impossible to manage vast territories. All great empires had large armies: the passion for conquest was almost manic. And the rulers of such states sometimes achieved impressive successes, subjugating vast lands on which giant empires arose. But time passed, and the giant left the historical stage.

First Empire

Egypt. 3000-30 BC

This empire lasted three millennia - longer than any other. The state arose, according to the latest data, more than 3000 years BC, and when the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt took place (2686-2181), the so-called Old Kingdom was formed. The entire life of the country was connected with the Nile River, with its fertile valley and delta near the Mediterranean Sea. Egypt was ruled by a pharaoh (the word means food warehouse), governors and officials were in place, and in general social life in the country was quite developed (see “Science and Life” No. 1, 1997 - “The Stone Age is not over yet” - and No. 5, 1997 - " Ancient Egypt. Pyramid of Power"). The elite of society included officers, scribes, surveyors and local priests. The pharaoh was considered a living deity, and he performed all the most important sacrifices himself.

The Egyptians fanatically believed in the afterlife; cultural objects and majestic buildings - pyramids and temples - were dedicated to it. The walls of the burial chambers, covered with hieroglyphs, told more about the life of the ancient state than other archaeological finds.

The history of Egypt falls into two periods. The first - from the foundation until 332 BC, when the country was conquered by Alexander the Great. And the second period is the reign of the Ptolemaic dynasty - the descendants of one of the generals Alexander the Great. In 30 BC, Egypt was conquered by a younger and more powerful empire - the Roman Empire.

Cradle of Western Culture

Greece. 700-146 BC

People settled the southern part of the Balkan Peninsula tens of thousands of years ago. But only from the 7th century BC can we talk about Greece as a large, culturally homogeneous entity, although with reservations: the country was a union of city-states that united during times of external threat, such as, for example, to repel Persian aggression.

Culture, religion and, above all, language were the framework within which the history of this country took place. In 510 BC, most cities were freed from the autocracy of the kings. Athens was soon ruled by democracy, but only male citizens had the right to vote.

The polity, culture and science of Greece became a model and an inexhaustible source of wisdom for almost all later European states. Already Greek scientists wondered about life and the Universe. It was in Greece that the foundations of such sciences as medicine, mathematics, astronomy and philosophy were laid. Greek culture ceased to develop when the Romans conquered the country. The decisive battle took place in 146 BC near the city of Corinth, when the troops of the Greek Achaean League were defeated.

The Dominion of the "King of Kings"

Persia. 600-331 BC

In the 7th century BC, the nomadic tribes of the Iranian Highlands rebelled against Assyrian rule. The winners founded the state of Media, which later, together with Babylonia and other neighboring countries, became a world power. By the end of the 6th century BC, it, led by Cyrus II and then his successors belonging to the Achaemenid dynasty, continued its conquests. In the west, the lands of the empire faced the Aegean Sea, in the east its border ran along the Indus River, in the south, in Africa, its possessions reached the first rapids of the Nile. (Most of Greece was occupied during the Greco-Persian War by the troops of the Persian king Xerxes in 480 BC.)

The monarch was called the "King of Kings", he stood at the head of the army and was the supreme judge. The domains were divided into 20 satrapies, where the king's viceroy ruled in his name. The subjects spoke four languages: Old Persian, Babylonian, Elamite and Aramaic.

In 331 BC, Alexander the Great defeated the hordes of Darius II, the last of the Achaemenid dynasty. Thus ended the history of this great empire.

Peace and love - for everyone

India. 322-185 BC

The legends dedicated to the history of India and its rulers are very fragmentary. Little information dates back to the time when the founder of the religious teaching, Buddha (566-486 BC), the first real person in the history of India, lived.

In the first half of the 1st millennium BC, many small states arose in the northeastern part of India. One of them - Magadha - rose to prominence thanks to successful wars of conquest. King Ashoka, who belonged to the Maurya dynasty, expanded his possessions so much that they occupied almost all of present-day India, Pakistan and part of Afghanistan. Administrative officials and a strong army obeyed the king. At first, Ashoka was known as a cruel commander, but, becoming a follower of the Buddha, he preached peace, love and tolerance and received the nickname “The Convert.” This king built hospitals, fought deforestation, and pursued a soft policy towards his people. His decrees that have reached us, carved on rocks and columns, are the oldest, accurately dated epigraphic monuments of India, telling about government, social relations, religion and culture.

Even before his rise, Ashoka divided the population into four castes. The first two were privileged - priests and warriors. The invasion of the Bactrian Greeks and internal strife in the country led to the collapse of the empire.

The beginning of more than two thousand years of history

China. 221-210 BC

During the period called Zhanyu in Chinese history, many years of struggle waged by many small kingdoms brought victory to the Qin kingdom. It united the conquered lands and in 221 BC formed the first Chinese empire led by Qin Shi Huang. The emperor carried out reforms that strengthened the young state. The country was divided into districts, military garrisons were established to maintain order and tranquility, a network of roads and canals was built, equal education was introduced for officials, and a single monetary system operated throughout the kingdom. The monarch established an order in which people were obliged to work where the interests and needs of the state required it. Even such a curious law was introduced: all carts must have an equal distance between the wheels so that they move along the same tracks. During the same reign, the Great Wall of China was created: it connected separate sections of defensive structures built earlier by the northern kingdoms.

In 210, Qing Shi Huang died. But subsequent dynasties left intact the foundations for building an empire laid by its founder. In any case, the last dynasty of Chinese emperors ceased to exist at the beginning of this century, and the borders of the state remain practically unchanged to this day.

An army that maintains order

Rome. 509 BC - 330 AD

In 509 BC, the Romans expelled the Etruscan king Tarquin the Proud from Rome. Rome became a republic. By 264 BC, her troops captured the entire Apennine Peninsula. After this, expansion began in all directions of the world, and by 117 AD the state stretched its borders from west to east - from the Atlantic Ocean to the Caspian Sea, and from south to north - from the rapids of the Nile and the coast of all of North Africa to the borders with Scotland and along the lower reaches of the Danube.

For 500 years, Rome was governed by two annually elected consuls and a senate, which was in charge of state property and finances, foreign policy, military affairs and religion.

In 30 BC, Rome became an empire led by Caesar, and essentially a monarch. The first Caesar was Augustus. A large and well-trained army participated in the construction of a huge network of roads, their total length being more than 80,000 kilometers. Excellent roads made the army very mobile and allowed it to quickly reach the most remote corners of the empire. The proconsuls appointed by Rome in the provinces - governors and officials loyal to Caesar - also helped keep the country from collapse. This was facilitated by the settlements of soldiers who had served in the conquered lands.

The Roman state, unlike many other giants of the past, fully corresponded to the concept of “empire”. It also became a model for future contenders for world domination. European countries inherited a lot from the culture of Rome, as well as the principles of building parliaments and political parties.

Uprisings of peasants, slaves and urban plebs, the ever-increasing pressure of Germanic and other barbarian tribes from the north forced Emperor Constantine I to move the capital of the state to the city of Byzantium, later called Constantinople. This happened in 330 AD. After Constantine, the Roman Empire was actually divided into two - Western and Eastern, ruled by two emperors.

Christianity is the stronghold of the empire

Byzantium. 330-1453 AD

Byzantium arose from the eastern remnants of the Roman Empire. The capital became Constantinople, founded by Emperor Constantine I in 324-330 on the site of the Byzantine colony (hence the name of the state). From that moment on, the isolation of Byzantium in the bowels of the Roman Empire began. The Christian religion played a major role in the life of this state, becoming the ideological foundation of the empire and the stronghold of Orthodoxy.

Byzantium existed for more than a thousand years. It reached its political and military power during the reign of Emperor Justinian I, in the 6th century AD. It was then that, having a strong army, Byzantium conquered the western and southern lands of the former Roman Empire. But within these limits the empire did not last long. In 1204, Constantinople fell to the attacks of the crusaders, which never rose again, and in 1453 the capital of Byzantium was captured by the Ottoman Turks.

In the name of Allah

Arab Caliphate. 600-1258 AD

The sermons of the Prophet Muhammad laid the foundation for the religious and political movement in Western Arabia. Called "Islam", it contributed to the creation of a centralized state in Arabia. However, soon as a result of successful conquests, a vast Muslim empire was born - the Caliphate. The presented map shows the greatest scope of the conquests of the Arabs, who fought under the green banner of Islam. In the East, the Caliphate included the western part of India. The Arab world has left indelible marks on human history, in literature, mathematics and astronomy.

From the beginning of the 9th century, the Caliphate gradually began to fall apart - the weakness of economic ties, the vastness of the territories subjugated by the Arabs, which had their own culture and traditions, did not contribute to unity. In 1258, the Mongols conquered Baghdad and the Caliphate broke up into several Arab states.

In the coming years, the world faces a war for resources. To avoid a catastrophe, a fundamental breakdown of consumer ethics is needed. At the same time, the financial elites will most likely want to solve all problems according to the scenario tested on September 11, 2001. What awaits Russia, Europe, the USA and China in the near future - a former member of the European Parliament, an anti-globalist, told Rosbalt Giulietto Chiesa, who came to Crimea at the invitation of the international media club “Format A3”.

We are at the beginning of a transition period that has no precedent in history. It could have come ten years ago, but in 2001 the United States postponed the crisis for 7 years due to the events of September 11th. Postponed - but not cancelled. And in 2008 he returned. It is difficult to say who will benefit from this era, but it is already clear that the history of the last three centuries is coming to an end. Today it is clear that development is impossible within a closed system of resources - the world has reached the limits of development. Everyone who says that the old system will remain is lying. Coal, oil, even uranium - all the resources of the planet are almost exhausted, and it is only a matter of time before they finally run out. All our realities, everything we are used to will change. The civilization of money will go away.

“Aren’t you burying her too early, Mr. Chiesa?” Critics of modern society are somewhat exaggerating the scale of the crisis, don’t you think?

No, this is truly a global crisis. Including the energy crisis. Today we even use more water than nature can give us. And what will happen when 300 million people lack this resource over the next ten years? We produce waste with an internal structure that cannot be recycled in principle. We have changed the course of nature itself.

- Many people talk about ecology. Governments spend huge sums on it, the population votes for the environmental programs of certain parties...

We need to understand that the old democracy is already dying. In Europe, half the population does not go to the polls - and not at all because they are apolitical. To a huge number people lack representation of their interests in government. I am not at all against parliaments, local councils, etc. You just need to create new system representations, new parties and movements. And this movement must come from below.

- Under what flag?

Under the flag of self-restraint. Today you need to start limiting yourself, changing yourself and your lifestyle. We need a cultural, organizational, political revolution, we need to reduce energy costs.

- Do you think there are enough people in the world who are willing to limit themselves of their own free will? In a world where most of it is simply undernourished?

We're not talking about starving people. But even those who could limit themselves do not begin to think about it. Because we are being manipulated, we are being fooled! People have been turned into purchasing tools. The brains of the absolute majority are controlled. We live for the market, when we work and when we rest. It is he who dictates our actions. We are not free people. Journalists should inform people about this. But the media is silent about this. Television tells us 24 hours a day that we need to buy things, that our value scale is purchasing power. In reality, in modern television there is no more than 8% of direct information. Everything else is advertising and entertainment. And in the end, these same 92% shape a person.

- Well, this is natural, because television exists through advertising. Who will support the TV if it stops selling? What do you offer?

For starters, I would nationalize the media. 50 years ago, a person’s personality was formed in the family, school, and sometimes in church. Today, 90% of the thinking of young people is shaped by television. TV has become the most important cultural structure around the world, from the USA to India and China. The media system is a fundamental right of the people and cannot be privatized. They must be returned to the state and people. It is impossible to tell people about the situation on the planet without the participation of television channels. But instead, the TV persuades us to buy another car. In the same way, I am sure that all banks that issue money should be nationalized. We are losing control over money.

-“We” - who is this?

States, citizens of states. In mid-December, the New York Times published an article on the front page that every month the heads of 9 world banks gather in some restaurant on Wall Street: Goldman Sachs, UBS, Bank of America, “ Deutsche Bank" and the like. Every month these nine people make decisions affecting six billion people: what the world's unemployment rate will be, how many people will starve, how many governments will be overthrown, how many ministers will be bought, and so on. These are respectable criminals, but they are more powerful than any world political leader. They have real power - the power of money.

- And yet today there is no reason to think that the growth of production and consumption will stop in the foreseeable future...

Certainly. Moreover, if a billion Chinese start eating meat and drinking milk the way we do, in ten years there will be no place left for all of us on this planet. And when there is no space, what will that mean? Back in 1998, a document was published in the USA - “Project for the new American century”. This document prophetically wrote that in 2017 China will become the biggest threat to US security. Everything is coming true. We live in 2011 - there are still 6 years left.

- Do you agree with the thesis that the main threat to the planet comes from China?

No, the biggest source of danger today is New York, Wall Street and the USA. The dollar is already dead today, the USA is bankrupt. But at the same time they are well-armed bankrupts. By the way, economic attacks against Greece and Ireland were provoked only in order to reduce the sovereignty of the European currency and Europe as a whole. After all, in reality today the euro is stronger than the dollar - if only because the EU debt is lower than that of the United States. That’s why, by the way, I don’t think the euro will disappear.

- But Europe also has a lot weak points. The population is aging, the authorities are forced to import migrants, and those - especially Muslims - do not want to assimilate, tension is growing... Merkel and Sarkozy have already admitted that the policy of multiculturalism has failed.

I don't believe multiculturalism has failed. “The danger of Islamic fundamentalism” is a US invention that was launched on September 11, 2001. We ourselves created this idea of ​​exporting democracy. Iraq and Afghanistan proved the unviability of this scheme. As well as the fallacy of the West’s opinion that all peoples and countries must go through the same path as they did.

The Islamic world lives in one century. We are in something else. Is it their fault? No, it’s just that the sense of time and situation is completely different. At the same time, it was we who created globalization, we captured their resources.

Today it is obvious that Europe objectively needs 20 million migrants, but we are not able to absorb them. As a result, they come without any opportunity to live normally. Understand that globalization is a movement of people, and therefore cultures.

- Do you not share the fear that Europe will dissolve in the flow of migrants?

I believe that Europe as a political and cultural phenomenon will continue to exist. Of course, the processes taking place on the continent are very complex. After all, until now there have been no precedents in the world for 27 countries to unite peacefully. Moreover, today one half of the EU is “European”, and the second half is “American” ( we're talking about about Western and Eastern Europe - approx. ed.). The region's current crisis is the most difficult moment in its history.

By the way, I think that Russia could play O greater role in Europe. Moreover, it is necessary to combine the efforts of these two forces and integrate interests. Europe is not a threat to anyone today. Russia will also not threaten anyone when there is a shortage of resources - if only because it has all these resources within the country. And together, Europe and Russia could play a huge calming role for the situation throughout the world. In the meantime, the United States is “calming everyone down.”

- You worked in Moscow for about 20 years as a reporter for the newspapers l"Unita and La Stampa. Russia today is not going through the most simpler times in its history. Where do you think she's drifting?

It's hard to say. I myself don’t quite understand what’s going on. On the one hand, I see that Russia has enormous opportunities to influence international life. On the other hand, I, unfortunately, observe that Russia still continues to act in the old way - protecting only itself. How, by the way, it is still perceived in public opinion in the West. Never in recent years have I heard large-scale ideas from Russia about the structure of the world. I will give an example - the American empire was created because the Americans were able to send a message to the world: everything that is in their interests is in the interests of the whole world. They worked very well on the idea of ​​a country that speaks for everyone.

So if Russia continues to give signals about its strength, while talking about protecting only itself, few people will be interested. This will not be of interest to Europe, and this is the weakest point of your country’s policy. Do you want to claim world domination? in a good way words, if you want to have influence in the transitional situation in which the whole world finds itself today, change. We need to come out with messages about unification, about limiting the consumption of resources - so that there is enough for everyone. Great world politics can be built on this.

- How can Russia preach self-restraint, whose ruling class demonstrates to the world the most unbridled consumerism? Don't you see that this country is led by zealous adherents of the world order that you are calling for an end to?

It seems to me that your leaders have not yet realized this new situation. The Russian leadership today devotes a lot of time to America and little to China. But the 21st century will not be America's century. And it makes no sense for Russia today to buy tickets for a sinking ship. You need to play in different directions.

- What, in your opinion, awaits Russian-Ukrainian relations in the near future?

They are normalizing. There was a period of Viktor Yushchenko, when there was a strong influence of the United States and the desire to include the country in its orbit. Fatal mistakes. Now that the page of the “Orange Revolution” has been turned, it is necessary to create normal relations between a sovereign, independent, neutral Ukraine, Russia and Europe. But it is necessary for the political elites of Ukraine to know that they are not subordinate to anyone.

“They seem to be starting to realize it.” But this does not cancel the desire of the Ukrainian elites to integrate into Europe - at least personally. Does Europe need Ukraine?

To be honest, Europe needs Russia more. Europe will verbally and, perhaps, even financially support Ukraine, but today it will not be able to simply “digest” this country. Europe must think about itself today, and it would be a mistake for Ukraine to expect much from the EU. If I were the leader of Ukraine, I would create my own strong state. By the way, I voted against Turkey's inclusion in the EU - I knew that Türkiye was too big for us. But we will be able to develop a policy of good neighborliness with this country. Just like with Ukraine. In general, Europe, Russia and Ukraine could play a big common game.

- The global crisis has just begun. How will Ukraine and Russia emerge from it?

Russia is in a relatively prosperous position because this country has all the necessary resources. China doesn't have them either. Europe also does not have sufficient resources. And in this difficult and delicate transition period, which is coming due to the global crisis, Russia will be in a very good conditions. Therefore, she must take advantage of this situation.

Ukraine does not have such resources. But, for example, it can play a big role in creating a European security system. There is no need to wait for proposals from either Russia or Europe. If I were the Ukrainian president, I would create a center that would deal with this area. Here you can create international center studying the security of the new world. We need to produce ideas. Tomorrow things will cost a lot, but ideas will be even more expensive.

Interviewed by Pavel Kazarin