Immunoglobulins (IG, Ig, antibodies) are introduced into the human body for specific pathologies or conditions. They are necessary to maintain the body in case of immunodeficiency diseases, during pregnancy, negative Rh factor in a woman, etc. The administration of immunoglobulin is strictly prescribed by the attending physician. To clarify the diagnosis and obtain quality treatment Only qualified personnel should be contacted. At the Yusupov Hospital, doctors have deep knowledge its specialization and great practical experience, which allows us to provide high quality treatment.

What is immunoglobulin (IG)

Immunoglobulins or antibodies are protein compounds in the blood plasma that are produced as a response to the entry of various antigens (bacteria, viruses, toxins, etc.) into the body. Antibodies prevent the proliferation of foreign organisms and block their production of toxins. Immunoglobulins are an important part immune system person. They are used as identifiers of harmful foreign objects, causing an immune response. There are five classes of immunoglobulins, each of which has a specific composition and differs in function:

In case of deficiency or incapacity of immunoglobulins, their administration from the outside is prescribed. The intravenous route of administration is often used. Immunoglobulins are obtained from donor blood plasma from more than 1000 donors. Immunologically active protein fraction in mandatory tested for the absence of antibodies to primary and secondary immunodeficiency, hepatitis C and B viruses.

For intravenous administration Class G immunoglobulins are predominantly used. The drug replenishes natural antibodies in the blood serum. It has immunomodulatory and immunostimulating effects. Immunoglobulins are effective in immunodeficiency conditions, in the treatment serious illnesses viral and bacteriological nature.

Indications for administering immunoglobulin into a vein

Immunoglobulin is used as replacement therapy to replenish missing natural antibodies of class G, to prevent the development of viral and bacterial infectious diseases. It is used in the following situations:

• secondary and primary immunodeficiency;
• agammaglobulinemia;
• AIDS in children;
• Kawasaki syndrome (addition to main therapy);
• transfer bone marrow;
• idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura;
• sepsis (addition to basic antibiotic therapy);
• severe bacterial and viral infections(addition to basic antibiotic therapy);
• Guillain-Barré syndrome;
• autoimmune neutropenia;
• thrombocytopenia of immune origin;
• hemophilia;
• partial red cell aplasia of hematopoiesis;
• inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy;
• prevention of recurrent miscarriage;
• prevention of the development of infections in premature infants with low body weight (up to 1500 g).

How is immunoglobulin (IG) administered through a vein?

Immunoglobulin is injected into a vein by drip in a hospital setting in compliance with all sanitary standards and rules. The dosage of the drug is determined strictly by the attending physician depending on the condition and age of the patient. One dose can be 3-4 ml per kilogram of body weight in children (no more than 25 ml), and 25-50 ml in adults. For intravenous administration to children, the drug is diluted in 0.9% sodium chloride solution or 5% glucose solution. In adults, the drug is used without additional dilution. Immunoglobulin is administered at a rate of 4-8 drops per minute in children, 30-40 drops in adults. When manifested adverse reactions It is recommended to reduce the rate of drug administration or reduce the dose. Immunoglobulin is used in a course at certain intervals. It is possible to administer the drug daily or at intervals of several days. The duration of the course is determined individually in each case.

When using the drug, you must strictly follow the instructions from the manufacturer. The use of immunoglobulin may vary depending on the form of release.

The use of immunoglobulin rarely causes side effects. These include headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, upset stomach, changes in indicators blood pressure, shortness of breath, pain in chest. The drug may cause an allergic reaction. Very rarely, hypotension, loss of consciousness, increased sweating, collapse, numbness, hot and cold flashes.

Contraindications to the administration of immunoglobulin into a vein

The use of immunoglobulin is contraindicated if there has been a history of an allergic reaction to injected blood products. People prone to allergies ( atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma, urticaria, etc.), the drug is administered with the support of antihistamines. After completing the immunoglobulin course, it is recommended to continue use antihistamines another week. Immunoglobulin should not be taken if you have IgA deficiency.

The drug is prescribed with great caution to people with diabetes mellitus, since the composition infusion solution may contain components that affect blood sugar levels. In patients with heart failure, kidney pathology, and pregnant women, immunoglobulins are used with regular monitoring by the attending physician.

Immunoglobulins are not combined with vaccination, since the effectiveness of immunization is reduced. It is recommended to vaccinate at least 30 days after completing the immunoglobulin course.

The use of immunoglobulin should be carried out strictly as prescribed by a doctor. You should not take the drug on your own, as this may cause negative consequences for health. At the Yusupov Hospital, you can get advice on the need to use immunoglobulin from qualified specialists. The hospital operates clinics for therapy, neurology, oncology, rehabilitation, surgery and intensive care, where the patient will be provided with all the necessary information depending on the profile and condition. The Yusupov Hospital is equipped with a modern diagnostic center, where the patient can go for examination and obtain the most accurate data on his state of health. Based on diagnostic data subject matter specialist selects adequate treatment that will be most effective in this particular case.

Make an appointment with a specialist, get information about work diagnostic center You can call the Yusupov Hospital.

References

• ICD-10 ( International classification diseases)
• Yusupov Hospital
• "Diagnostics". - Brief Medical Encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1989.
• “Clinical assessment of laboratory test results”//G. I. Nazarenko, A. A. Kishkun. Moscow, 2005
• Clinical laboratory analytics. Fundamentals of clinical laboratory analysis V.V. Menshikov, 2002.

Prices for diagnostic tests

*The information on the site is for informational purposes only. All materials and prices posted on the site are not public offer, determined by the provisions of Art. 437 Civil Code of the Russian Federation. For accurate information, please contact the clinic staff or visit our clinic. List of services provided paid services indicated in the price list of the Yusupov Hospital.

*The information on the site is for informational purposes only. All materials and prices posted on the site are not a public offer, defined by the provisions of Art. 437 Civil Code of the Russian Federation. For accurate information, please contact the clinic staff or visit our clinic.

Dosage form:  solution for intramuscular injection Compound: Immunoglobulin, aminoacetic acid (glycine), sodium chloride, water for injection. Description:

Transparent or slightly opalescent liquid, colorless or slightly yellow. A slight sediment may appear, which disappears when shaken.

Pharmacotherapeutic group: MIBP - ATX globulin:  

J.06.B.A.02 Normal human immunoglobulin for intravenous administration

Pharmacodynamics:

The drug is an immunologically active protein fraction containing wide range antibodies isolated from human plasma or serum of donors tested for the absence of antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1, HIV-2), hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus surface antigen. Active component The drug is immunoglobulins that have antibody activity of varying specificity.

Pharmacokinetics:

The maximum concentration of antibodies in the blood is reached after 24 hours; the half-life of antibodies from the body is 4-5 weeks. The drug also increases nonspecific resistance body.

Indications:

The drug is used only as prescribed by a doctor for the prevention of hepatitis A, measles, influenza, whooping cough, meningococcal infection, polio, treatment of hypoagammaglobulinemia, to increase the body's resistance during the period of convalescence of infectious diseases.

Contraindications:

The administration of immunoglobulin is contraindicated to persons with a history of allergic reactions or severe systemic reactions for human blood products.

In cases of severe sepsis, the only contraindication for the administration of immunoglobulin is anaphylactic shock on human blood products in the anamnesis.

Hypersensitivity (including to maltose and sucrose), IgA immunodeficiency.

With caution:

Severe heart failure diabetes mellitus, renal failure, pregnancy, lactation.

Pregnancy and lactation:During pregnancy, it is administered only according to strict indications, when the expected benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus.

Immunoglobulin penetrates into breast milk and may facilitate the transfer of protective antibodies to the newborn.

Directions for use and dosage:

Immunoglobulin is injected intramuscularly into the upper outer quadrant of the gluteal muscle or the outer surface of the thigh. The drug should not be administered intravenously.

Before the injection, ampoules with the drug are kept for 2 hours at room temperature (20+2)°C. To avoid foam formation, the drug is drawn into a syringe with a wide bore needle.

The drug cannot be stored in an opened ampoule.

The dose of the drug and the frequency of its administration depend on the indications for use.

Prevention of hepatitis A

The drug is administered once in doses: children from 1 to 6 years old - 0.75 ml; up to 10 years - 1.5 ml; over 10 years old and adults - 3 ml. Re-introduction immunoglobulin, if necessary, to prevent hepatitis A, is indicated no earlier than after 2 months.

Preventing measles

The drug is administered once from the age of 3 months to those who have not had measles and who have not been vaccinated against the infection no later than 6 days after contact with the patient. The dose of the drug for children (1.5 or 3.0 ml) is determined depending on the state of health and the time that has passed since contact.

Adults, as well as children in contact with mixed infections, the drug is administered in a dose of 3.0 ml.

Prevention and treatment of influenza

The drug is administered once in doses: children under 2 years old - 1.5 ml; from 2 to 7 years - 3.0 ml; over 7 years old and adults - 4.5-6.0 ml. During treatment severe forms influenza, repeated (after 24-48 hours) administration of immunoglobulin in the same dose is indicated.

Prevention of whooping cough

The drug is administered twice with an interval of 24 hours in a single dose of 3.0 ml to children who have not had whooping cough, as often as possible early dates contact with the patient.

Prevention of meningococcal infection

The drug is administered in single doses to children aged 6 months to 7 years no later than 7 days after contact with a patient with a generalized form of meningococcal infection in doses of 1.5 ml for children under 3 years of age and 3.0 ml for children over 3 years of age.

Prevention of polio

The drug is administered once in doses of 3.0-6.0 ml to unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated polio vaccine children as early as possible after contact with a patient with paralytic polio.

Treatment of hypo- and agamoglobulinemia

The drug is administered at a dose of 1.0 per kg of body weight; the calculated dose can be administered in 2-3 doses with an interval of 24 hours. Subsequent administrations of immunoglobulin are carried out according to indications no earlier than one month later.

Increasing the body's resistance during the period of convalescence of acute infectious diseases with a protracted course and in chronic and protracted pneumonia.

The drug is administered in a single dose of 0.15-0.2 ml per 1 kg of body weight. The frequency of administration (up to 4 injections) is determined by the doctor; the intervals between injections are 2-3 days.

Side effects:

IN in rare cases reactions may develop in the form of hyperemia and an increase in temperature to 37.5 ° C during the first day after administration, as well as dyspeptic symptoms.

U individuals with altered reactivity, allergic reactions may develop various types, and in exceptional cases - anaphylactic shock.

Headache, dizziness, migraine pain, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, arterial hypo- or hypertension, tachycardia, cyanosis, chills, shortness of breath, feeling of constriction or pain in the chest, allergic reactions.

Interaction:

The introduction of immunoglobulins can weaken (for 1.5-3 months) the effect of live vaccines against such viral diseases like measles, rubella, mumps And chicken pox(Vaccinations with these vaccines should be repeated no earlier than after 3 months). After the administration of large doses of immunoglobulin, its effect can last in some cases up to one year.

A temporary increase in the content of injected antibodies in the patient’s blood after the administration of immunoglobulin may cause false positives serological tests.

Do not use simultaneously with calcium gluconate in infants.

Special instructions:

Administration of immunoglobulin and preventive vaccinations. Treatment with immunoglobulin preparations reduces the effectiveness of vaccination, so vaccinations are carried out no earlier than 2-3 months after the administration of immunoglobulin.

Persons suffering allergic diseases(bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, recurrent urticaria) or those prone to allergic reactions on the day of immunoglobulin administration and for the next 8 days, it is recommended to prescribe antihistamines. During the period of exacerbation of the allergic process, the drug is administered according to the conclusion of an allergist.

Persons suffering autoimmune diseases(blood diseases, connective tissue, nephritis, etc.) the drug should be administered against the background of appropriate therapy.

A temporary increase in antibodies in the blood after administration leads to false positive analysis data when serological study(Coombs reaction).

Immunoglobulins for intramuscular administration are strictly prohibited from being administered intravenously. After administration of the drug, the patient's condition should be monitored for at least 30 minutes. In the room where the drug is administered, there must be means antishock therapy. When anaphylactoid reactions develop, antihistamines, glucocorticosteroids and adrenergic agonists are used.

Treatment of severe forms of bacterial and viral infections. Treatment postoperative complications accompanied by bacteremia and septicopyemic conditions. Primary antibody deficiency syndrome is agamma- and hypogammaglobulinemia (congenital form, period of physiological deficiency in newborns). Secondary antibody deficiency syndrome. Blood diseases, consequences of immunosuppressive therapy, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), especially when children are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.

Contraindications Human immunoglobulin normal solution for intravenous injection 50 mg/ml 25 ml

Allergic reactions or a history of severe systemic reactions to human blood products. In cases of severe sepsis, the only contraindication is a history of anaphylactic shock to human blood products. IgA immunodeficiency.

Directions for use and dosage Human immunoglobulin normal solution for intravenous injection 50 mg/ml 25 ml

Immunoglobulin for infusion is used only in a hospital setting. Before administration, the bottles are kept at a temperature of (20±2)°C for at least 2 hours. Solutions that are cloudy or contain sediment should not be used. The dose and frequency of administration of the drug depend on the indications for use. For children single dose the drug is 3-4 ml per 1 kg of weight, but not more than 25 ml. The infusion rate and duration of therapy are selected by the doctor individually. Immediately before administration, the drug is diluted with 0.9% sodium chloride solution or 5% glucose solution at the rate of 1 part of the drug and 4 parts of the diluent. Diluted immunoglobulin is administered intravenously at a rate of 8-10 drops per minute. Infusions are carried out daily for 3-5 days. For adults, a single dose of the drug is 25-50 ml. Immunoglobulin (without additional dilution) is administered intravenously at a rate of 30-40 drops per minute. The course of treatment consists of 3-10 transfusions, carried out every 24-72 hours (depending on the severity of the disease).

Name:

Immunoglobulin (Immunoglobulinum)

Pharmacological
action:

The drug is immunomodulatory and immunostimulating agent. Contains large number neutralizing and opsonizing antibodies, thanks to which it effectively resists viruses, bacteria and other pathogens. Also the drug replenishes the number of missing IgG antibodies , thereby reducing the risk of infection in persons with primary and secondary immunodeficiency. Immunoglobulin effectively replaces and replenishes natural antibodies in the patient's serum.

With intravenous administration the bioavailability of the drug is 100%. There is a gradual redistribution between the extravascular space and human plasma active substance drug. Equilibrium between these environments is achieved on average within 1 week.

Additionally:

The drug must be used only by doctor's prescription. Do not use Immunoglobulin in damaged containers. If the transparency of the solution changes, flakes and suspended particles appear, then such a solution is unsuitable for use. When opening the container, the contents must be used immediately, since the already dissolved drug cannot be stored.

The protective effect of this drug begins to appear 24 hours after administration, its duration is 30 days. In patients prone to migraines or with impaired renal function, increased caution should be exercised. You should also know that after using Immunoglobulin, there is a passive increase in the amount of antibodies in the blood. In serological testing, this may lead to false interpretation of the results.

Indications for
application:

The drug is prescribed for replacement therapy, if there is a need to replenish and replace natural antibodies.

Immunoglobulin is used for the prevention of infections at:
- agammaglobulinemia;
- bone marrow transplantation;
- primary and secondary immunodeficiency syndrome;
- chronic lymphocytic leukemia;
- variable immunodeficiency associated with agammaglobulinemia;
- AIDS in children.

The drug is also used for:
- thrombocytopenic purpura of immune origin;
- heavy bacterial infections, such as sepsis (in combination with antibiotics);
- viral infections;
- prevention of various infectious diseases in premature infants;
- Guillain-Barre syndrome;
- Kawasaki syndrome (usually in combination with the standard diseases for this disease);
- neutropenia of autoimmune origin;
- chronic demyelinating polyneuropathy;
- hemolytic anemia autoimmune origin;
- erythrocyte aplasia;
- thrombocytopenia of immune origin;
- hemophilia caused by the synthesis of antibodies to factor P;
- treatment of myasthenia gravis;
- prevention of recurrent miscarriage.

Directions for use:

Immunoglobulin is administered intravenously drip and intramuscularly. The dosage is prescribed strictly individually, taking into account the type and severity of the disease, the individual tolerance of the patient and the state of his immune system.

Side effects:

If, when using the drug, all recommendations for administration, dosage and precautions are followed, then the presence of serious side effects noted very rarely. Symptoms may appear several hours or even days after administration. Side effects almost always disappear after stopping taking Immunoglobulin. Main part side effects associated with a high rate of drug infusion. By reducing the speed and temporarily stopping the intake, you can achieve the disappearance of most of the effects. In other cases, symptomatic therapy is necessary.

The effects are most likely to occur when you first take the drug: during the first hour. This may be a flu-like syndrome - malaise, chills, high temperature body, weakness, headache.

There are also following symptoms from the side:
- respiratory system (dry cough and shortness of breath);
- digestive system(nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, stomach pain and increased salivation);
cardiovascular system (cyanosis, tachycardia, chest pain, flushing of the face);
- central nervous system (drowsiness, weakness, rarely symptoms of aseptic meningitis - nausea, vomiting, headache, photosensitivity, impaired consciousness, stiff neck);
- kidney(rarely acute necrosis tubules, worsening renal failure in patients with impaired renal function).

Also possible allergic(itching, bronchospasm, skin rash) And local(hyperemia at the site of intramuscular injection) reactions. Among others side effects noted: myalgia, aching joints, back pain, hiccups and sweating.

In very rare cases collapse, loss of consciousness and severe hypertension were observed. In these severe cases, discontinuation of the drug is necessary. It is also possible to administer antihistamines, adrenaline and plasma replacement solutions.

Contraindications:

The drug should not be used when:
- hypersensitivity to human immunoglobulins;
- IgA deficiency due to the presence of antibodies to it;
- renal failure;
- exacerbation of the allergic process;
- diabetes mellitus;
- anaphylactic shock to blood products.

The drug should be used with caution for migraine, pregnancy and lactation, decompensated chronic heart failure. Also, if there are diseases in the genesis of which the main ones are immunopathological mechanisms (nephritis, collagenosis, immune blood diseases), then the drug should be prescribed with caution after the conclusion of a specialist.

Interaction with
other medicinal
by other means:

The drug is pharmaceutically incompatible with the others medicines. It should not be mixed with other drugs; a separate dropper should always be used for infusion. When using Immunoglobulin simultaneously with drugs active immunization with such viral diseases, such as rubella, chickenpox, measles, and mumps may reduce the effectiveness of treatment. If necessary parenteral use live viral vaccines, they can be used at least 1 month after taking Immunoglobulin. A more desirable waiting period is 3 months. If entered high dose Immunoglobulin, its effect can last for a year. Also cannot be used this drug together with calcium gluconate in children infancy. There are suspicions that this will lead to negative phenomena.

Treatment of severe forms of bacterial and viral infections. Treatment of postoperative complications accompanied by bacteremia and septicopyemic conditions. Primary antibody deficiency syndrome is agamma- and hypogammaglobulinemia (congenital form, period of physiological deficiency in newborns). Secondary antibody deficiency syndrome. Blood diseases, consequences of immunosuppressive therapy, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), especially when children are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.

Contraindications Human immunoglobulin normal solution for intravenous injection 50 mg/ml 25 ml

History of allergic reactions or severe systemic reactions to human blood products. In cases of severe sepsis, the only contraindication is a history of anaphylactic shock to human blood products. IgA immunodeficiency.

Directions for use and dosage Human immunoglobulin normal solution for intravenous injection 50 mg/ml 25 ml

Immunoglobulin for infusion is used only in a hospital setting. Before administration, the bottles are kept at a temperature of (20±2)°C for at least 2 hours. Solutions that are cloudy or contain sediment should not be used. The dose and frequency of administration of the drug depend on the indications for use. For children, a single dose of the drug is 3-4 ml per 1 kg of body weight, but not more than 25 ml. The infusion rate and duration of therapy are selected by the doctor individually. Immediately before administration, the drug is diluted with 0.9% sodium chloride solution or 5% glucose solution at the rate of 1 part of the drug and 4 parts of the diluent. Diluted immunoglobulin is administered intravenously at a rate of 8-10 drops per minute. Infusions are carried out daily for 3-5 days. For adults, a single dose of the drug is 25-50 ml. Immunoglobulin (without additional dilution) is administered intravenously at a rate of 30-40 drops per minute. The course of treatment consists of 3-10 transfusions, carried out every 24-72 hours (depending on the severity of the disease).