The whole complex Activities designed to facilitate orientation of people with disabilities in urban environments are implemented by the state program “Accessible Environment” for people with disabilities. It takes into account the requirements of various groups of the population with disabilities - from wheelchair users to blind or deaf-mute people. The main goal of the program is to make all infrastructure facilities accessible to people with disabilities: transport, public institutions, government agencies and service enterprises.

Laws and regulations for the Accessible Environment Program for people with disabilities in Russia

The “Accessible Environment” program in Russia started in 2012, after the Russian Federation ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. According to the document, people with disabilities are independent, independent individuals who have the right to fully participate in all spheres of society. The state is obliged to ensure accessibility environment for people with disabilities on an equal basis with other citizens, comfortable access to transport, all possible facilities and services, which is the main goal of the Convention.

The sequence and details of the formation of unhindered access for people with disabilities to objects of the physical environment, transport, communications, information are described in the Federal Law on the “Accessible Environment” program for people with disabilities (Federal Law No. 181-F3 of November 24, 1995). The program itself for 2011–2015 was approved by the Russian Government in Resolution No. 175 of March 17, 2011, then extended until 2020 (Resolution No. 1297 of December 1, 2015). In January 2019, it was decided to extend the state program until 2025.

The arrangement of buildings, structures, premises, traffic routes, public transport, swimming pools and sports grounds for people with special needs has its own subtleties. Special attention should pay attention to the safety of structures and the quality of materials. When designing, it is imperative to take into account the relevant regulatory documents under the “Accessible Environment” program for people with disabilities:

1. Codes of practice (SP) relating to the accessibility of buildings and structures for low mobility groups population (MGN). SP numbers: 13330.2016, 13330.2012, 13330.2012, 35-101-2001, 35-102-2001, 35-103-2001, 35-104-2001, 35-105-2002, 30-102-99, 31-10 2-99 , 31-113-2004.
2. State standards (GOST) establish safety and accessibility requirements for lifting platforms, signs, supporting devices, traffic lights, and public transport for various groups of disabled people. GOST numbers: 55555-2013, R 51261-99, R 52875-2007, 56305-2014, R ISO 23600-2013, R 52131-2003, R 51671-2015, R 51671-2000, R 56421-2015, R 56832- 2015.
3. Safety Rules (PB): PB 10-403-01 – on the safe operation of lifting platforms in residential, public, and industrial buildings for the disabled.

Priorities and goals of the “Accessible Environment” Program for People with Disabilities

The “Accessible Environment” program is aimed at integrating people with health problems into society, doing everything possible to ensure that people with disabilities do not feel restrictions or barriers in accessing surrounding facilities, be it a pharmacy, a store or a trolleybus.

The goal of the state program is to create an accessible living environment for people with disabilities, eliminating obstacles to the access of people with disabilities to priority facilities and services open to the population.

The objectives of the state program include:

1. Assess the current state of priority facilities and services in terms of their suitability for people with disabilities.

2. Increase the level of accessibility of all infrastructure facilities for people with disabilities.

3. Eliminate social separation between disabled people and healthy citizens.

4. Modernize the state system of medical and social rehabilitation of disabled people.

5. Ensure all people with health problems have equal access to rehabilitation measures.

At the first stages of the program's implementation, it became clear that the social environment in Russia, for the most part, was not at all suitable for people with disabilities. For example, it is very difficult for a disabled person using a wheelchair to leave the house, cross the road, or go into the store without assistance.

At the same time, organizing an accessible environment for people with disabilities implies not only the banal arrangement of wheelchair ramps, but also the provision of visual and audio information various objects (for example, traffic lights, pay phones, hazardous areas), installation of mechanisms for automatically opening doors, handrails in bathrooms, low-lying telephones or ATMs, and so on.

Features of organizing universal access for people with disabilities

A space without barriers is aimed at ensuring that a person with disabilities does not feel inferior, disadvantaged in their rights and in receiving various services. Creating an accessible environment for people with disabilities involves retrofitting existing facilities and designing new ones taking into account the needs of people with disabilities.

Measures to organize an accessible environment in schools

To create convenient access and comfortable learning in schools and other educational institutions A number of activities are provided for children with physical disabilities.

What should an accessible environment at school include: equipment for the disabled, a safe barrier-free path to school, information signals adapted for children with hearing and vision impairments.

All rooms in the school building must be adapted for children with disabilities: bathrooms, classrooms, stairs, halls, corridors, gyms, canteens, locker rooms, libraries. For this, a variety of devices and modern technical devices are used:

• ramps;
• lifts – vertical, inclined, stair lifts;
• ramps and ramps (folding or folding to save space);
• tactile tiles;
• pictures according to the “Accessible Environment” program for people with disabilities (tactile pictograms on which especially significant infrastructure facilities are clearly marked: elevator, toilet, wardrobe, escalator, entrance/exit from the premises and others; as a rule, they are black drawings and symbols on bright yellow background);
• special handrails;
• call systems for disabled people (buttons);
• sound and light beacons;
• tactile displays, pictograms;
• induction systems for schoolchildren with hearing impairments.

Every institution should develop a plan or roadmap for accessibility in education for persons with disabilities. This document prescribes the phased implementation of the reorganization of the facility, aimed at creating comfortable conditions for teaching children with special needs. The plan is approved by the school director, and a responsible person from the institution’s staff is appointed for the implementation of each stage.

Equipping transport and social infrastructure facilities for people with disabilities

Transport is the most important component of the life of citizens, thanks to which there is a connection between the place of residence and other objects social infrastructure cities. For the full implementation of MGN in society, any vehicles (VVs) must become barrier-free and adapted to serve this group of the population.

In order to control the activities carried out in this regard and the timing of their implementation, the Law stipulates that every non-governmental organization must have a map of the accessibility of objects of the Russian Federation under the “Accessible Environment” program for people with disabilities. This document includes all planned stages of reorganizing the vehicle for access by people with disabilities. From equipment and facilities, transport and social infrastructure facilities should be supplemented with the following elements:

• sound signals at traffic lights;
• signs in places where construction is taking place;
• ramps and handrails at stairs;
• gentle slopes near sidewalks;
• signs for people with disabilities under the “Accessible Environment” program;
• (tactile accessibility signs for different categories disabled people: hearing, vision, wheelchair users, and all groups together; located at the entrance to buildings or premises adapted for people with disabilities; as well as pictograms in combination with the Braille system for orienting the MGN: limiting the width of passages, stairs, escape routes, uneven roads, ledges, and so on);
• ramps, ramps, lifting devices in buses;
• special places in transport for wheelchair users with fastenings;
• arrangement of an adapted sidewalk and path network without barriers;
• allocation of parking spaces for disabled people in parking lots.

Workers at transport facilities and service personnel in various public organizations must have instructions on providing assistance to people with disabilities and follow them.

Key points when organizing an accessible environment

The call button is one of the most important devices designed to enable a disabled person to freely visit any public institution - a theatre, cinema, library, museum, train station, airport, hospital or educational institution - by calling one of the staff.

The button is installed outside the building, at a height of 85–100 cm from the floor so that a wheelchair user can easily reach it. A standard “Disabled” sticker is placed next to the button. The call device is equipped with a camera, the image from which is displayed on the security post display

Specific activities and tips for organizing a barrier-free space for people with impairments of the musculoskeletal system, hearing and vision are described methodological recommendations on an accessible environment for people with disabilities, developed by the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation in 2012. In cases of violation of requirements or evasion of providing an accessible environment for people with disabilities, legal entities and individuals are subject to administrative liability. The fine for officials will be 2-3 thousand rubles, for legal entities - 20-30 thousand rubles.

When thinking about organizing an accessible environment at a facility, it is important not just to limit yourself to installing handrails and ramps for wheelchair users, but also to take into account the requirements of other groups of disabled people. In particular, an accessible environment for the visually impaired implies equipping buildings with special information elements that are understandable for blind citizens.

To mark entrances and exits from buildings, in accordance with GOST, tactile plates (or special carpets) with special corrugation are installed on the floor, openings are equipped with an audible beacon, door handles should ensure easy opening of doors, steps should be closed, and handrails should be continuous and as comfortable as possible for grasping with a hand.

IN mandatory a plan for equipping the facility with equipment for comfortable movement of people with disabilities, in other words, a passport under the “Accessible Environment” program for people with disabilities must be available at the sites:

• medical institutions;
• stores with personalized customer service;
• services for the disabled.

This document acts as a kind of guarantee that the owner undertakes to equip the facility with equipment for access by the disabled. A passport is issued only after the object has been inspected by specialized government agencies.

If an establishment provides services to people with disabilities, but does not have an accessibility certificate, the owner will be fined

What does the “Accessible Environment” program give to children with disabilities?

The support program for young people with disabilities is aimed at helping and assisting children in obtaining education and further employment. At the same time great importance has a process of inclusion, that is, the real introduction of people with disabilities into society, a healthy team.

Ideally, inclusion should begin in kindergarten. Moreover, both children with disabilities and neurotypical (i.e. normal) children benefit from this.

Children with disabilities follow others, try to imitate them, the process of learning and socialization occurs more actively and effectively. Ordinary children, as experts note, become kinder and more caring, learn to think without barriers, communicate normally and be friends with special children, without putting offensive labels on them.

Naturally, the accessible environment in preschool educational institutions for children with disabilities must be organized very carefully. This:

• special methods of training and education;
• provision of specially trained tutors and personal assistants for children with disabilities;
• technical arrangement of all premises of the building and approaches to it.

For a more visual representation of data on the number of children with disabilities studying in a kindergarten or school, their characteristics and the technical capabilities of providing them with barrier-free space, a road map is drawn up for an accessible environment for people with disabilities at school or kindergarten. Measures to optimize the accessibility of the environment for MGN should also be outlined here, indicating exact dates their implementation.

Measures planned by the state to organize an accessible environment

State program provides for the implementation of a whole range of measures to organize an accessible environment for people with disabilities, including:

Comprehensive support for institutions providing rehabilitation and medical support for people with disabilities also remains one of the priorities of the Program. It is expected that activities under the “Accessible Environment” program for people with disabilities will increase the level of accessibility of various objects for people with disabilities, increase the number of schools and kindergartens with a barrier-free environment, and provide more vehicles that are comfortable for citizens with special needs.

What has been done by 2019, plans and current funding for the program

A lot of attention and funds are paid to the implementation of the Accessible Environment Program in Russia. Thus, in 2019, 10 million rubles more were allocated for the implementation of its planned activities than in the previous year. This figure amounted to 90 million rubles.

The “Accessible Environment” project for people with disabilities has successfully implemented activities in 2019, among which are the following:

• enterprises that employ people with disabilities are equipped with everything necessary and function normally;
• the number of rehabilitation centers for people with disabilities throughout the country has increased;
• in large and small cities, traffic lights with sound beacons, signs and signs are organized for visually impaired or blind citizens;
• platforms of the Moscow metro have been equipped for wheelchair users;
• sound notification is being actively introduced in public transport facilities;
• Increasingly, buildings are being built that take into account the requirements of wheelchair users, and in Ulan-Ude an entire residential block has been designed in a similar way.

In 2019, changes have already been made to improve some criteria for medical and social examination for people with disabilities, and to optimize the conditions for issuing subsidies for this category of citizens. Work continues on inclusion in all areas and spheres of public life.

Among a population of 146 million Russian Federation 9% of citizens have a disability; many have been diagnosed with it since childhood. This poses difficult challenges for the state and society to adapt these people to modern life. For this purpose, the “Accessible Environment” program for people with disabilities was developed in 2008. Its validity was subsequently extended until 2025.

Let's look at its main parameters, as well as interim results of implementation as of 2019.

Legislative framework

Program stages

Since the activities have already been implemented quite a lot long time, then some stages are considered completed, others are either acting now or are waiting their turn.

The program currently includes five stages:

1. 2011-1012. During this period, a regulatory framework was created, which now provides opportunities for:
   • implementation of activities;
   • investing funds in specific objects.
2. 2013-2015. Creation material base at the expense of federal funds. Namely:
   • construction and reconstruction of rehabilitation centers;
   • equipping them with the necessary technical means;
   • purchase of special equipment for institutions:
     • healthcare;
     • education.
3. 2016-2018. Implementation of the main objectives of the program. Monitoring the implementation of stated goals and priorities. Interaction adjustments:
   • federal and regional departments;
   • implementing organizations and authorities.
     In 2016, an additional direction was included - the creation of rehabilitation infrastructure. In 2018, pilot projects were launched in the Sverdlovsk region and Perm region to create rehabilitation systems.
4. 2019-2020:
   • Monitoring the effectiveness of the work done.
   • Summing up.
   • Analysis of results.
   • Making decisions regarding further activities in the field of creating conditions for normal life citizens with disabilities.
   • Financing of regions (in the amount of up to 400 million rubles) for equipping rehabilitation centers.
5. 2021-2025:
   • development of pilot projects for assisted living, including educational (training), to teach skills to persons with disabilities independent life; From 2021, rehabilitation will be a key focus. 18 subjects of the Russian Federation will be financed from the federal budget for:
     • purchasing equipment for rehabilitation centers,
     • training of specialists,
     • IS development.

The exact list of activities will be determined during budgeting in the relevant budget periods.

The Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation is declared to be the responsible executor of the program. This department is entrusted with the task of coordinating the activities of numerous other event performers. For example:

• Ministry of Communications of the Russian Federation;
• Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation:
• Pension Fund;
• Social Insurance Fund and others.

Goals and objectives of the Federal Target Program “Accessible Environment”

The events were designed to:

• citizens with disabilities felt like full-fledged members of society;
• other people perceived them as such.

That is, the Federal Target Program has two directions of impact, which boil down to one thing: overcoming the division of the population according to the criteria of physical capabilities.

Stated Goals

The government sees the goals of the measures as follows:

Main

1. Creating legislative conditions to improve the level and quality of life of people with disabilities:
   • in the social sphere;
   • based on independent economic activity.

Additional:

1. Increasing the number of infrastructure facilities for citizens with physical disabilities, including:
   • rehabilitation orientation;
   • therapeutic and recreational;
   • educational.
2. Identification and analysis of citizens' opinions on issues of interaction with people with disabilities in the process of life.
3. 2.3. Increasing the number of social facilities whose activities are aimed at improving the lives of such citizens, including children with disabilities, in municipalities.
4. 2.4. Work on preparing a personnel base of specialists working with people with disabilities:
   • education;
   • stimulation for professional activities;
   • advanced training.
5. 2.5. Involving citizens with physical disabilities in interaction with government agencies.
6. 2.6. Employment of citizens from among persons with physical disabilities.
7. 2.7. Providing medical institutions with specialized equipment to serve patients with disabilities.

Without public support, the effectiveness of the program will be low. It is necessary for the whole society to work on the implementation of the state program.

Objectives of the Federal Target Program

The event developers set the following tasks for the authorities and society:

1. Make access to service facilities equal for all citizens, including those with disabilities.
2. Create conditions for free medical care disabled people on an equal basis with the rest of the population.
3. Providing jobs for citizens with health limitations, including through:
   • their training;
   • retraining and professional development;
   • creation special conditions in production (or specialized enterprises).
4. Increasing the level of objectivity of medical examination.

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Issues of financing the Federal Target Program

In the area of ​​funding allocation, the program is based on the principles of co-financing. That is, money is allocated from the federal and local budgets. Currently in effect next rule injection of funds from the center:

1. Subjects with the share of subsidies from the federal budget in the last three years at the level of 40% or lower receive no more than 95% for the implementation of Federal Target Program activities;
   • these include: the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol.
2. Others - no more than 70%.

In 2017, an amount of 52,919,205.8 thousand rubles was planned to finance events. For comparison: previously 47,935,211.5 thousand rubles were allocated.

Subroutines of the "Accessible Environment"

Complex tasks must be divided into segments in order to specify and detail their implementation.

For this purpose, the following subprograms are allocated in the Federal Targeted Program:

1. Improving provision for citizens with disabilities public services. Including:
   • creating free access for them to government buildings;
   • improving the quality of service;
   • identifying problems of such people that the state and local authorities are able to solve.
2. Increasing the level of adaptation and habilitation. Namely:
   • development of production of items and equipment for them;
   • implementation of relevant laws.
3. Improving medical care for citizens with disabilities:
   • development of objective criteria for medical examination;
   • control over the timeliness of providing them with assistance.

By 2016, the share of facilities accessible to people with disabilities increased to 45% (compared to 12% in 2010). Over the five years of its existence, the program has made it possible to modernize over 18,000 socially significant facilities for them to suit the needs and physical capabilities of people with disabilities.

Activities for the implementation of subprograms

To achieve the set goals, the following measures have been developed and implemented:

Subroutine No. 1:

1. Creation and implementation of architectural designs for public buildings taking into account the needs of citizens with disabilities. For example, schools, cinemas, shopping centers.
2. Providing city streets with special visual aids:
   • cards;
   • banners;
   • pointers.

3. Carrying out cultural and public events with the involvement of people with disabilities and stimulating their activity.

4. Construction of new housing to meet the needs of people with disabilities.

Subroutine No. 2:

1. Creation and implementation of national templates aimed at normal perception in society physical limitations some of its members. For example, conducting special lessons in schools.
2. Stimulating entrepreneurs to employ disabled people.
3. Organization of events for disabled children with the aim of their adaptation to the public environment.

Subroutine No. 3:

1. Creation and implementation of a unified model for interaction between medical institutions.
2. Formation of a professional personnel base to serve persons with disabilities.
3. Improving medical examination criteria.
4. Creation of a single electronic database for medical institutions.

Interim results of the implementation of the Federal Target Program “Accessible Environment”

The implementation is like this difficult task How to bring the quality of life of disabled people to the level of a healthy citizen is a labor-intensive process.

Sometimes it seems that it will not be possible to fully achieve the stated goal.

However, reality shows shifts in public consciousness in the right direction.

1. Enterprises that employ disabled people function normally.
2. The number of rehabilitation centers has increased in the country.
3. People with disabilities are increasingly taking part in public events. They stop being ashamed of injuries.
4. Traffic lights with sound signals, signs and signs for the visually impaired have appeared on the streets of cities and towns.
5. There are TV channels with sign language interpretation.
6. The platforms of the capital's metro are designed so that wheelchair users can safely enter the carriage.
7. Sound warnings about stops are being introduced on public transport.

Other federal programs also include elements of improving the lives of people with disabilities and preventing the birth of children with disabilities. That is, the government carries out integrated approach to solve the stated problems. Important: October 2017 Russian Government another step was taken towards the implementation of these programs. In particular, control and supervision over ensuring accessibility of social infrastructure facilities (communications) for persons with disabilities has been transferred to Roskomnadzor.

What is being done for disabled children

In the Russian Federation, about 1.5 million children have disabilities. Some of them study in specialized educational institutions (90%). And this, in turn, creates barriers to their social adaptation.

Children are deprived of the opportunity to communicate with healthy peers, which makes it difficult for the younger generation to perceive their problems normally without deviations. However, attempts to organize joint training positive results didn't show.

Other types of support for disabled children are being developed in the regions:

1. A local program to create barrier-free education is being implemented in Tambov. It includes about 30 schools that provide inclusive education.
2. In some regions, at the expense of local budgets:
   • Specialized equipment is constantly purchased and sent to schools;
   • Buildings are being reconstructed to make them easier to use by children with disabilities.
3. Personnel training is centrally organized to work with the following citizens in the areas of:
   • speech therapy;
   • oligophrenopedagogy;
   • deaf pedagogy and others.

Children suffer from awareness of their inferiority more than adults. One encouraging smile or word from a stranger means much more to such a child than all the active work of officials.

Intermediate successes of the regions

At the level of federal subjects, work is also underway to create decent conditions for people with disabilities.

For example:

1. In some areas of the capital, buildings adapted for the lives of wheelchair users are being built. The houses are equipped with wide lifts and non-standard doorways. Toilets and bathrooms in apartments are equipped with specialized devices that allow disabled people to use the facilities independently.
2. In Ulan-Ude, an entire residential block has been designed for people with disabilities. It includes:
   • residential buildings;
   • sports facilities;
   • shops and clinic;
   • manufacturing enterprises.

Each of the buildings is adapted to meet the needs of people with disabilities.

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Latest changes

Changes have been made to the subprogram on improving ITU quality criteria: it has been supplemented with the possibility of conducting independent assessment quality of services provided federal agencies ITU. The procedure for subsidizing regional budgets within the framework of this program and the formula for calculating allocated subsidies have also changed.

The strength of the state, in addition to a powerful army and modern weapons systems, is largely determined by concern for citizens who find themselves in difficult times. life situation. Government support is extremely important for disabled people who in everyday life have to solve many problems and overcome difficulties. It is intended to help low-mobility categories of the population government program« Accessible environment", developed by the Government of the Russian Federation.

For her implementation255 billion rubles were allocated from the budget. It was initially assumed that the program would operate until 2020. However, already at the beginning2018 The program was extended until the end of 2025. IN2018 year to create "accessible environment"it is planned to spend 52 billion rubles. The program is financed from the federal and municipal budgets on the principles of co-financing.

State program "Accessible Environment"» meets the requirements of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, which the Russian Federation signed in 2008. Subsequently, the Government twice more, in 2015 and in2018 year, returned to this topic.

The primary tasks "Accessible environment"is an accessibility assessmentfor disabled peoplerehabilitation, information, government, medical services; building infrastructure, transport, creation and coordination regulatory framework, and also "accessible environment" for people with disabilities- wheelchair users and people with limited vision and hearing.

The main goal of the program is "Accessible environment» communion remains as possible more disabled people to a full life in society. Also of priority are the issues of adaptation and employment of people with disabilities, creating conditions for the education of children with disabilities in regular schools. Onofficial websiteprogram, all interested citizens can find information about the international legal framework for the protection of the rights of persons with disabilities and familiarize themselves with a map of accessibility of facilities throughout the country. The hotline number is indicated on the main page of the site. By calling it, you can get answers to questions regarding medical and social examination and re-examination, social protection andrehabilitationdisabled people. On the main pageofficial websiteonline chat works - convenient form to obtain the information you are interested in.

IN social program There are three large sections:

1. “Ensuring conditions for the accessibility of priority facilities and services in priority areas of life for people with disabilities and other low-mobility groups.”

All buildings and structures, doorways, elevators must be equipped appropriately so that a person with disabilities when visiting medical institutions, dispensaries, clinics, cultural institutions,shops, authorities could feel completely independent and independent. Unimpeded accessibility and comfortable visiting must be ensured for all citizens without exception. On urban public transport, people with disabilities should be provided with conditions for independent use of vehicles - reduced level floors of buses and trolleybuses with retractable ramps for entry and exit of wheelchair users. "Accessible environment"involves the use of special technical devices - special, video enlargers, and specially equipped ones.Online stores"Accessible environment"enable people with disabilities to purchase necessary goods at affordable pricespricesand without leaving home.

• 2. “Improving the system of comprehensive rehabilitation and rehabilitation of disabled people.”

• Since the main purpose of creating " accessible environment" is the inclusion (adaptation) of people with special needs in society, then the efforts of this state program are aimed at leveling differences between people. All people should have the opportunity vocational training, employment, improving the quality of life. Therefore, the state encourages business owners to create jobs for disabled people. Children with disabilities should be able, subject to certain conditions, to attend regular secondary schools and kindergartens. Parents, teachers and educators need to conduct special lessons and explanatory conversations with children about attitudes towards people with disabilities. Disability is not an obstacle to communication between people. Specially trained teachers and sign language interpreters are involved in working with disabled children.

• 3. “Improving the state system of medical and social examination.”

• It is necessary to control: the activities of medical and social examination institutions, ensuring the purchase of special, modern equipment for the treatment of disabled people in medical institutions, as well as monitor the quality of treatment standards for people with disabilities. Medical services For different groups disabled people must be accessible and free.

Rehabilitation measures play a major role in the social adaptation of disabled people.Rehabilitation of disabled peopleis the process of restoring the everyday, social, professional skills and abilities of disabled people. The construction of new rehabilitation centers, their technical equipment, provision of disabled people in need with prosthetic and orthopedic products, improvement of the quality of service and professional training for working with disabled people still remain one of the main tasks of the “Accessible Environment”.

It should be noted that, along with the federal program, each constituent entity of the Russian Federation has adopted its own regional program “ Accessible environment”, designed to take into account regional characteristics in the needs of people with disabilities. So, in Moscow a complex for training Russian Paralympic athletes called “Tennis Park” was created, and in the Tver region, active equipping of cultural centers with the necessary equipment continues, so that all people can spend their leisure time as conveniently as possible.

Society and authorities need to support and develop the program for introducing a barrier-free environment, since every person deserves to live in comfortable conditions.

Target federal "Accessible Environment" program in Russia is intended to make living conditions for people with disabilities more comfortable and of higher quality. The development of this project began even before Russia signed international convention on the rights of persons with disabilities, adopted by the UN.

The preparatory process began already in 2008 and lasted until 2011. Its significance was explained by official sociological data on the number of disabled people in our country. By that time the figure had reached 9% of the total population. Statistics showed that 30% of the total number of people with disabilities were of working age and would like to actively participate in the life of society. Sociologists have also noted an increase in the number of children with congenital physical disabilities, who also require special conditions for life.

It was decided to carry out the state program in two stages. The first period fell in 2011-2012, when lawyers created legal framework to improve the quality of life of people with disabilities, sociologists, psychologists and other specialists conducted research public opinion, created consulting services, developed mechanisms and tools that would make it possible to implement next steps within the program. The second stage was planned to be carried out from 2013 to 2016. In total, the federal budget allocated 168.44 billion rubles., which must be implemented at all levels by 2020.

Objectives of the “Accessible Environment” program

Implementation of this program in the Russian Federation will improve the quality of medical care for people with disabilities and create favorable conditions for their involvement in public life in different areas. Disabled people will be given all the opportunities that ordinary people can enjoy in the state.

Accessible Environment Program 2019 consists of two parts aimed at:

• creating easy access to main facilities and services in the main areas of life for people with disabilities;
• improving the quality of rehabilitation services and improving the entire state medical system.

During their implementation, the following should be obtained:

• objective assessments that would improve the level of accessibility of all public and public facilities and services social purpose for people with disabilities;
• equal access to all rehabilitation means and services for people with disabilities;
• improving the quality of functioning state system medical and social examination.

Taking into account the fact that almost 9% of the population of Tatarstan are citizens with disabilities, one of the directions of the socio-economic development strategy of the Republic of Tatarstan is the rehabilitation and social integration of people with disabilities.
It is necessary to create, by means of architecture, urban planning, transport, informatization and communications, conditions that provide disabled people with equal opportunities as all citizens in using social infrastructure, obtaining education, realizing creative potential, and active participation in public life.
When new design and reconstruction of public, residential and industrial buildings should be provided for the disabled and citizens of other groups of the population with limited mobility, living conditions equal to those of other categories of the population.
Barrier-free environment. This term applies to elements of the environment that can be easily entered, accessed, or used by people with physical, sensory, or intellectual disabilities.
Design solutions for facilities accessible to people with disabilities should not limit the living conditions of other groups of the population, as well as the efficiency of building operation.
The main provisions that take into account the interests of people with disabilities and other groups of the population with limited mobility are contained in the building codes and regulations SNiP 35-01-2001 “Accessibility of buildings and structures for groups of the population with limited mobility.”

General requirements for buildings, structures and their areas

1.1 Ramps

The building must have at least one entrance adapted for people with limited mobility (hereinafter referred to as MGN), from the surface of the ground and from each underground or overground passage accessible to MGN, connected to this building.

Areas of the floor on the paths of movement at a distance of 0.6 m in front of the entrances to the ramps must have a corrugated and/or contrastingly colored surface.
The maximum height of one rise (flight) of the ramp should not exceed 0.8 m with a slope of no more than 8%. If the difference in floor heights on the traffic paths is 0.2 m or less, it is allowed to increase the slope of the ramp to 10%. In exceptional cases, spiral ramps are allowed.
Guardrails with handrails must be installed along both sides of all stairs and ramps, as well as at all height differences greater than 0.45 m. Handrails for ramps should, as a rule, be located at a height of 0.7 and 0.9 m, for stairs - at a height of 0.9 m, and in preschool institutions also at a height of 0.5 m.

The width of the ramp for one-way traffic must be at least 1 m, in other cases - at least 1.8 m.
Platform on the horizontal section of the ramp when straight path movement or when turning should be at least 1.5 m.
Sideboards with a height of at least 0.05 m should be provided along the longitudinal edges of the ramps, as well as along the edges of horizontal surfaces with a height difference of more than 0.45 m to prevent a cane or leg from slipping, which is important not only for disabled people with musculoskeletal disorders, but also for other categories of disabled people, including the visually impaired and the hearing impaired.

Barriers, guardrails, etc. should be installed under flights of open stairs that are less than 1.9 m in height to prevent falls and subsequent injuries, especially for the visually impaired.
Areas of the floor on the paths of movement at a distance of 0.6 m in front of the entrances to the stairs must have a warning corrugated and/or contrastingly painted surface.

Stairs must be doubled with ramps, and, if necessary, with other means of lifting.

The width of exits from rooms and corridors to the staircase must be at least 0.9 m.
The width of the flight of stairs is at least 1.35 m.
The width of the stair treads is at least 0.3 m,
The height of the steps is no more than 0.15 m.
The slopes of the stairs should be no more than 1:2.

Stair steps must be solid, level, without protrusions and with rough surface. The edge of the step must have a rounding with a radius of no more than 0.05 m. The side edges of the steps that are not adjacent to the walls must have sides with a height of at least 0.02 m.

Guardrails with handrails must be installed along both sides of all stairs and ramps, as well as at all height differences greater than 0.45 m.

near the stairs - at a height of 0.9 m,
in preschool institutions also at a height of 0.5 m.

The entrance area must have: a canopy, drainage, and, depending on local climatic conditions, heating so that the entrance is accessible to any category of disabled people
Transparent doors and fences should be made of impact-resistant material. On transparent door panels, bright contrast markings should be provided with a height of at least 0.1 m and a width of at least 0.2 m, located at a level of no lower than 1.2 m and no higher than 1.5 m from the surface of the pedestrian path.

The coating surfaces of entrance platforms and vestibules must be hard, non-slip when wet, and have a transverse slope within 1-2%.

The width of door and open openings in the wall, exits from rooms and from corridors to the staircase must be at least 0.9 m.

Doorways should not have thresholds or differences in floor heights. If it is necessary to install thresholds, their height should not exceed 0.025 m.
Revolving doors and turnstiles are not allowed on MGN traffic routes.
On MGN traffic routes, it is recommended to use doors on single-acting hinges with latches in the “open” and “closed” positions. You should also use doors that provide a delay of automatic door closing of at least 5 seconds.
Areas of the floor on traffic paths at a distance of 0.6 m in front of doorways and entrances to ramps must have a corrugated and/or contrast-colored surface to provide access to the building for visually impaired and hearing impaired persons.

1. Buildings should be equipped with passenger elevators or lifting platforms in the case of premises used by people with disabilities in wheelchairs. The choice of lifting method for disabled people and the possibility of duplicating these lifting methods are established in the design solution.

2. Parameters of the elevator cabin intended for use by a disabled person in a wheelchair ( internal dimensions):
width - not less than 1.1 m;
depth - at least 1.4 m.
The width of the doorway is at least 0.9 m.

In other cases, the size of the doorway is set in the design specification according to GOST R 51631.

Areas of the floor on traffic paths at a distance of 0.6 m in front of doorways and entrances to stairs and ramps, as well as before the turn of communication paths, must have a warning corrugated and/or painted surface; it is allowed to provide light beacons.

In public restrooms, it is necessary to provide at least one universal cubicle accessible to all categories of citizens.
A universal public restroom cubicle must have the following dimensions:
– width - not less than 1.65 m;
– depth - not less than 1.8 m.

In the stall next to the toilet, space should be provided to accommodate a wheelchair, as well as hooks for clothes, crutches and other accessories.

In sanitary and hygienic premises, provision should be made for the installation of handrails, bars, swivel or folding seats.

The recommended height of curbs along the edges of pedestrian paths should be at least 0.05 m.
The height of the side stones at the intersection of sidewalks with the roadway, as well as the difference in heights of curbs, side stones along maintained lawns and green areas adjacent to pedestrian traffic routes, should not exceed 0.04 m.
Tactile aids for the visually impaired on the surface of pedestrian paths in the area should be placed at least 0.8 m before the object of information, the beginning of a dangerous section, a change in direction of movement, an entrance, etc.

The use of bulk or coarse-grained materials is not permitted for covering walkways, sidewalks and ramps.

The covering of concrete slabs must be smooth, and the thickness of the joints between the slabs must be no more than 0.015 m.

When constructing ramps from the sidewalk near a building, it is allowed to increase the longitudinal slope to 10% for no more than 10 m.

If there are underground and overground passages on the territory or site, they should, as a rule, be equipped with ramps or lifting devices, if it is impossible to organize a ground passage for the MGN.

The entrance to the territory or site should be equipped with elements of information about the facility accessible to people with disabilities.

In open individual parking lots near service establishments, at least 10% of the spaces (but not less than one space) should be allocated for transport of disabled people. These places must be indicated by signs accepted in international practice (Article 15 of Federal Law No. 181-FZ).

It is advisable to place spaces for personal vehicles of disabled people near the entrance accessible to disabled people, but no further than 50 m, and in residential buildings - no further than 100 m.

The width of the parking area for a disabled person's car must be at least 3.5 m.

Enterprises, institutions and organizations providing transport services to the population provide special devices for stations, airports and other facilities that allow people with disabilities to freely use their services. Organizations providing transport services to the population provide the equipment of these means with special devices and devices in order to create conditions for disabled people for the unhindered use of these means. (Article 15 of Federal Law No. 181-FZ)

A prerequisite for accessibility of the metro is the presence of a relief (tactile) strip in front of the stairs, ramps (above and below) along the entire length, as well as in front of the door, ticket office, in front of information and telecommunications facilities and at the exit from the escalator.
Strip width - 0.5-0.6 m for ramps, stairs, in front of media and telecommunications,
0.3 m - in front of the door and ticket office.
The distance of the strip to the edge of the outermost step of the stairs is 0.8 m.
The recommended width of the flight of stairs is at least 1.35 m.
The distance from the tactile strip to the edge of the outermost step is 0.8 m.
It is also necessary to have contrasting colors on the upper and lower steps of the flight of stairs and the ramp.
The presence of edges along the edges of the flight of stairs must be at least 2 cm, if they do not come into contact with the wall.

Entrance doors in a subway car must have a clear opening width of at least 90 cm. The height of the threshold when entering the car from the platform should be no more than 2.5 cm.

Landing platforms must have tactile lines along the landing edge of the platform.

It is mandatory to have an accessibility sign for wheelchair users and a contrasting warning marking on the door (bright yellow or red), the height of which should be 120-150 cm from the floor level.
It is also mandatory to have special places for disabled people and signs for the movement of wheelchair users throughout the metro.

A – symbol of accessibility for the disabled
B - symbol of accessibility for people with hearing loss
B - symbol “Telecommunication devices for people with hearing impairments”
1.2 - symbol of accessibility for the disabled
3 – place for disabled people, elderly people with children
4 – escalator (lift)
5,6 – toilets for disabled people
7 – elevator for disabled people
8 – escape routes
9.10 – entrance and exit from the premises
11 – direction of movement, turn
12 – information center(reference)

5.2 Airports (foreign and domestic experience)

Frankfurt am Main Airport (FRA) has two terminals, which are connected by high-speed trains, are free of charge and have wheelchair ramps. Free buses run between the terminals every 10 minutes.
The airport has automatic doors, adapted telephones and toilets for the disabled.
At Dusseldorf International Airport (DUS) there are rooms for the disabled and wheelchairs are available for those who request it.
International airport Hong Kong is fully accessible for disabled passengers. There are numerous restrooms, elevators, ramps and escalators around the airport and at the Ground Transportation Center with wheelchair facilities. Parking spaces for cars reserved for disabled drivers are available in four car parks.
Wheelchairs are provided free of charge by airlines; Passengers must inform airlines in advance before travelling.
To facilitate the movement of disabled people around the building, the Vnukovo airport terminal is equipped with ramps and special elevators. The cabins are equipped with handrails, and call buttons are located at an accessible height for wheelchair users. The elevators also provide duplication of inscriptions in Braille and voice announcements of stops. In total, 78 elevators, 61 escalators and 38 travelators were built in Terminal A. In addition, the so-called “smooth floor” system has been implemented throughout the terminal, allowing passengers with limited mobility to move freely.
Information about the arrival and departure of flights at the airport is not only displayed on the board, but is also duplicated by announcements over the public address system. Blind passengers are accompanied by Vnukovo employees during all movements around the terminal.
The Ufa airport has acquired new special equipment - an ambulift. With the help of this machine, it will be easier for people with disabilities to get on or off the plane. The lift cabin can accommodate 2 wheelchairs and 2 accompanying persons. The ambulift has a so-called through corridor so that there is no need to turn around inside the cabin. The machine rises more than 5 meters and fits almost all types of aircraft.

Fig.1 Terminal for receiving information (convenient for both healthy people, and for people with low vision)

Fig. 2 Display with contrastingly highlighted aircraft flight names for visually impaired people

Fig.3 Special elevator for people with disabilities at the airport

Fig.4 Sanitary and hygienic room, equipped specifically for disabled people

Rice. Index of places of service for people with disabilities

5.3. Railway stations

On Russian railways There are more than 100 carriages with special compartments designed for disabled people. These compartments provide everything to make travel easier for people with health problems.
The entrance to the train carriage is equipped with a special lift, with the help of which the passenger, without leaving wheelchair, can be accessed from both high and low platforms.
The double compartment, intended for a disabled person and an accompanying person, is wider than the standard one. So that a disabled person can move into a chair without assistance, there are special auxiliary belts. The sleeping bunk can be transformed into any position convenient for the sick passenger.
For the blind and visually impaired, low-lying switches, sockets, and call buttons for the conductor are equipped with signs with raised text - for reading with “fingers” - and a special sound device that provides the necessary information. Automated system communication allows you to call a conductor in an emergency.
The toilet in such carriages is also wider and larger in size than in ordinary ones, and additional handrails are installed. The toilet is equipped with a sound and light display for passengers with vision or hearing problems.

Rice. Entrance to the station

Rice. Ticket office for disabled people with handrails and ramp at the station

Rice. Accessible toilet location sign

Rice. Payphone for visually impaired people

Rice. Lifting platform for disabled access to the train carriage

Rice. Seats for disabled people on modern trains

Rice. Special compartments for disabled people in train carriages

Legislative and regulatory documents of the Russian Federation, ensuring and regulating the creation of an accessible environment for people with disabilities

“Constitution of the Russian Federation” dated December 12, 1993. Article 27 enshrines the human right to freedom of movement.

Federal Law of November 24, 1995 No. 181-FZ “On social protection disabled people in the Russian Federation."

Article 14 “Ensuring free access to information for people with disabilities.” The state guarantees a disabled person the right to receive the necessary information.
Article 15 “Ensuring unimpeded access for people with disabilities to social infrastructure facilities.”
Government of the Russian Federation, authorities executive branch subjects of the Russian Federation, bodies local government and organizations, regardless of organizational and legal forms, create conditions for people with disabilities (including people with disabilities using wheelchairs and guide dogs) for unimpeded access to social infrastructure (residential, public and industrial buildings, structures and structures, sports facilities, recreational facilities, cultural -entertainment and other institutions), as well as for the unhindered use of railway, air, water, intercity by road transport and all types of urban and suburban passenger transport, means of communication and information (including means that provide duplication of sound signals for light signals of traffic lights and devices regulating the movement of pedestrians through transport communications).
Planning and development of cities and other settlements, the formation of residential and recreational areas, the development of design solutions for new construction and reconstruction of buildings, structures and their complexes, as well as the development and production of public transport vehicles, communications and information means without adapting these objects for access to them by disabled people and their use by disabled people is not are allowed.
At each parking lot (stop) of vehicles, including near trade enterprises, services, medical, sports and cultural and entertainment institutions, at least 10 percent of the spaces (but not less than one space) are allocated for parking special vehicles for disabled people who are not must be occupied by other vehicles. Disabled persons use parking spaces for special vehicles free of charge.
Article 16 “Responsibility for evading the requirements for creating conditions for people with disabilities for unhindered access to engineering, transport and social infrastructure facilities”
Legal entities and officials for evading compliance with the requirements provided for by this Federal Law, other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts for creating conditions for people with disabilities for unhindered access to engineering, transport and social infrastructure facilities, as well as for unhindered use of railway, air, water, intercity road transport and all types of urban and suburban passenger transport, communications and information means administrative responsibility in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

“Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses” dated December 30, 1995 No. 195-FZ
Article 5.43. “Violation of legal requirements providing for the allocation of places in parking lots (stops) for special vehicles for people with disabilities”
Violation of legal requirements providing for the allocation of places in parking lots (stops) for special vehicles for people with disabilities shall entail the imposition of an administrative fine on officials in established by law size.
Article 9.13. Evasion of compliance with the requirements for accessibility of engineering, transport and social infrastructure facilities for disabled people
Evasion from fulfilling the requirements for providing conditions for access for people with disabilities to engineering, transport and social infrastructure facilities entails the imposition of an administrative fine on officials in the amount established by law.
Article 11.24. Organization of transport services for the population without creating accessibility conditions for people with disabilities
Violation by the head of an organization or other official responsible for organizing the transport service system for the population and operating vehicles of the legal requirements providing for the inclusion in the transport service system of the population of vehicles accessible to the disabled shall entail the imposition of an administrative fine on officials in the amount established by law.

"Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation" dated December 29, 2004 No. 190-FZ
Article 2. Basic principles of legislation on urban planning activities
The legislation on urban planning activities and the regulatory legal acts issued in accordance with it are based on the following principles:
-providing conditions for people with disabilities to have unhindered access to social and other facilities;
-responsibility for violation of legislation on urban planning activities;
- compensation for harm caused to individuals, legal entities as a result of violations of the requirements of the legislation on urban planning activities, in full.

Order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated June 21, 2010 No. 1047-r “List national standards and codes of practice (parts of such standards and codes of practice), the application of which ensures compliance with requirements on a mandatory basis federal law « Technical regulations on the safety of buildings and structures":
P. 76. SNiP 35-01-2001 “Accessibility of buildings and structures for people with limited mobility.” Sections 3 (clauses 3.1 - 3.37, 3.39, 3.52 - 3.72), 4 (clauses 4.1 - 4.10, 4.12 - 4.21, 4.23 - 4.32).

List of regulatory documents regulating the development of project documentation to ensure an accessible environment for people with disabilities.

SNiP 35-01-2001 “Accessibility of buildings and structures for people with limited mobility”;
RDS 35-201-99 “Procedure for implementing accessibility requirements for social infrastructure facilities for people with disabilities”;
SP 35-101-2001 “Design of buildings and structures taking into account accessibility for people with limited mobility”;
SP 35-102-2001 "Living environment with planning elements, accessible to people with disabilities";
SP 35-103-2001 " Public buildings and facilities accessible to visitors with limited mobility";
SP 35-104-2001 "Buildings and premises with places of work for disabled people";
SNiP 31-06-2009 "Public buildings and structures";
GOST R 51631-2008 “Passenger elevators. Technical requirements accessibility, including accessibility for people with disabilities and other low-mobility groups”;
GOST R 51630-2000 “Lifting platforms with vertical and inclined movement for disabled people. Accessibility Technical Requirements";
GOST R 52131-2003 “Sign information display means for people with disabilities”;
GOST R 51671-2000 “Technical means of communication and information for general use, accessible to people with disabilities. Classification. Accessibility and security requirements”;
GOST R 52875-2007 “Tactile ground-based signs for the visually impaired. Technical requirements";
GOST 51261-99 “Stationary rehabilitation support devices. Types and technical requirements"