Name, abbreviations, other names: Pantothenic acid, pantothenate (calcium pantothenate), vitamin B5 (b5), b5

Chemical formula: C 9 H 17 NO 5

Group: water soluble vitamins

Name in Latin: Vitaminum B5, Acidum pantothenicum, Calcii pantothenas ( genus. Calcii pantothenatis)

Varieties: not available.

In the body pantothenic acid is converted into active form- pantethine.

What (whom) is it useful for:

• For the body: increases life expectancy (by an average of 10 years), protects and prevents dementia in old age and Alzheimer's disease.
• For nervous system: actively involved in the synthesis of substances necessary for the NS (mediators, neurotransmitters ...). Without them normal functioning NS is almost impossible.
• For the brain: participates in the formation of fatty acids, which are necessary for the brain to function properly.
• For the adrenal glands: helps in the formation of all adrenal hormones - glucorticoids. And a sufficient amount of these hormones helps reduce the risk of arthritis, colitis, allergies and heart disease.
• For synthesis and metabolism: involved in the formation and metabolism of an incredible amount various substances: hormones, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, amino acids, cholesterol, hemoglobin and many others, thereby supporting the work of the whole organism. Restores disturbed metabolism.
• For immunity: pantothenic acid is actively involved in the synthesis of all antibodies that protect the body from various diseases. Without it, the number of antibodies is greatly reduced.
• For patients with tuberculosis: reduces the toxic effects of drugs against tuberculosis.

For what (whom) is harmful:

• For patients with hemophilia: B5 increases the time of blood clotting.

Indications for use:

hypovitaminosis B5, beriberi, colitis, pancreatitis, arthritis, allergies, neuralgia and neuritis, eczema, bronchial asthma, dermatitis, hyperthyroidism, withdrawal syndrome, acne, toxicosis, wounds that do not heal for a long time, cirrhosis of the liver, alcoholism, thrush.

Deficiency (deficiency) long-term:

Extremely a rare thing, but if it happens, it leads to:

to peptic ulcers, metabolic disorders, hair loss, malfunctioning of the adrenal glands and functional disorders in the nervous system, discoordination, asthenia, growth retardation, frequent respiratory disorders.

Deficiency symptoms:

Severe fatigue and fatigue, migraines, muscle pain, severe pain in the legs, tingling and numbness of the toes, insomnia, depression, ulcers, gastritis, depigmentation, dermatitis or eczema, diarrhea (constipation), poor appetite.

In children: growth retardation.

Contraindications:

Hypervitaminosis, hemophilia, atony with potassium deficiency.

Side effects:

Allergy, disorders in the digestive tract, soreness.

Daily rate needed by the body:

• For men - ~ 10 mg. vitamin B5 per day
• For women - ~ 10 mg / day.
• For children (from 0 to 1 year) - ~ 2 - 3 mg / day.
• For children (from 1 to 8 years old) - ~ 3 - 5 mg / day.
• For teenagers (9 to 13 years old) - ~ 8 mg / day.
• For pregnant women - ~ 12 mg / day.
• For lactating - ~ 12 mg / day.

The norm of vitamin in the blood:

0.2 - 1.8 µg / ml.

Overdose:

Almost impossible (very rare).

Overdose symptoms:

Diarrhea, edema (water retention in the tissues), pale skin, nausea.

Main sources:

Liver and kidneys, garlic, yeast, hazelnuts, cereals (oatmeal, buckwheat), bran, peas, cauliflower, yolk, caviar, milk, nuts.

How long can you take:

Can be taken long enough.

Release form:

Tablets, solution for injections, creams and ointments, spray.

Best before date:

About pantothenic acid

This acid got its name from the Greek "pantothene". In translation, it means - everywhere, from all sides, everywhere. Indeed, in terms of prevalence in food, it is ahead of many other vitamins. And since it is so common, it is difficult to overestimate its significance for the body.

B5 does not tolerate the effects of temperature and light - it partially disintegrates from this (an average of 50%). It also does not tolerate freezing, preservation and other methods of food processing. It is best to consume foods in fresh(if possible).

B5 is involved in the process of assimilation of vitamin B9 (folic acid) by the body, and thiamine (B1), B2 and C, on the contrary, increases the effectiveness of the pantothenic acid and participate in the synthesis of panthein.

Vitamin B5 is not compatible with alcohol, tea and coffee, barbiturates, diuretics - it is washed out of the body faster, with contraceptives and proteolytic enzymes - B5 is destroyed, with copper, iron, manganese - the beneficial properties of the vitamin fall, with antibiotics - synthesis is disrupted.

Those who practice vegetarianism and a raw food diet must take into account that B5 in the body is converted to panthein with the participation of proteins and fats, and in their absence, synthesis does not occur and B5 hypovitaminosis may occur.

The main form in which B5 is produced is calcium pantothenate (or the calcium salt of pantothenic acid). They get it artificially. Used in both tablets and liquid form(in ampoules). Another form of B5 is dexpanthenol. Also artificial origin. It is mainly used to restore the skin after burns or dermatitis, since B5 is the only vitamin that can penetrate deep into the skin.

Vitamin B5 in products is presented in the form of pantothenic acid, and in medicines - calcium pantothenate.

Pantothenic acid biosynthesis in humans

In the body, pantothenic acid is converted to pantethine. It is formed both from natural (natural) vitamin B5, and from synthetic. After that, pantethine is infused into the Coenzyme-A molecule. This molecule is indispensable in many metabolic processes of the body.

How to take (for medicinal purposes)

They take drugs both inside and in the form of injections intramuscularly and intravenously. Also externally (lubrication of the skin with ointments and spray).

Usually taken after meals.

Intramuscularly usually administered once a day.

Doctors call this substance an anti-stress vitamin that has a beneficial effect on the entire human body. IN pure form instructions for use, reviews of which are presented in the article, were isolated by biochemist Roger Williams from the liver of mammals in 1933. Only ten years later, scientists figured it out chemical formula and carried out the synthesis of calcium pantothenate - a salt based on it. B5 is a vital nutritional supplement for any organism, activating the breakdown of all macronutrients (fats, proteins and carbohydrates). It allows you to improve metabolism and increase energy levels in the body.

What is an anti-stress vitamin?

Free pantothenic acid (in ampoules), the instruction for use of which characterizes it as a water-soluble viscous substance of light yellow color with an oily consistency, is also easily diluted in acetic acid, but badly - in alcohol and does not split at all in fatty substances. calcium and sodium salt pantothenic acid crystallizes well and is a white powder or vitamin B5 tablets. In powder, this substance is odorless and bitter in taste. Under the influence of acids, alkalis and high temperature popular water soluble vitamin easily destroyed.

Synthesis of pantothenic acid in nature

Under natural conditions, vitamin B5 is formed by green plants, as well as individual microorganisms in the human intestine. The concentration of pantothenic acid in natural products is different, but its presence in almost any of them is mandatory. No wonder the translation of the Greek word "pantos", contained in the name of the acid, means "everywhere" or "omnipresent." Heat treatment of food products containing pantothenic acid (instructions for use is presented below) is not recommended, since vitamin B5 loses its properties and is destroyed during the process of cooking, stewing, frying or smoking. In addition, when adding vinegar, lemon to the dish, the concentration of the anti-stress substance is also significantly reduced.

Pharmacological properties and dosage

The miraculous pantothenic acid, the instruction for which recommends using it for children from 2 to 5 g per day, and for adolescents from 11 years old and adults - from 4 to 7 g, is a constituent element of coenzyme A, which stimulates metabolic processes in organism.

Its action extends from the synthesis of adrenal hormones (glucocorticosteroids), which prevent the occurrence of many diseases (arthritis and allergies, colitis and heart disease), to neurotransmitters, from the formation of antibodies that promote the absorption of many other vitamins, to the regulation of fatty acid metabolism, which normalizes lipid metabolism and favorably affects the redox processes in the human body.

By stimulating intestinal motility, pantothenic acid, the instructions for use of which recommend it for disorders in the digestive tract, improves functioning digestive tract, has a powerful reparative (healing) effect on the mucous membranes. Its lipid-lowering properties make it possible to reduce the concentration bad cholesterol in the vessels due to the splitting of its individual fractions and their removal from the body.

pantothenic acid deficiency

The lack of the most important anti-stress vitamin leads to metabolic disorders, deterioration of long-term memory, exacerbation of nervous and skin diseases, reduced immunity, the appearance of allergic reactions, to disruptions in the rhythm of sleep. With a deficiency of vitamin B5, sensitivity to smells and tastes is sharply reduced, absent-mindedness appears, in the presence of bad habits the harmful effects of tobacco and alcohol on brain activity the condition of the skin, nails and hair worsens. In addition, the healing of burns and wounds takes longer. The possibility of the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis also increases significantly. Insufficiency of pantothenic acid in the body can provoke vomiting and dizziness, increased fatigue and general weakness, loss of coordination and muscle spasms, dermatitis or eczema, autoimmune diseases, arthritis and arthrosis, obesity.

Indications

Calcium vitamin supplement pantothenate, or pantothenic acid, tablets (instruction with detailed description which is in each package) is prescribed for headaches and sleep disturbances, for numbness of the limbs and muscle ailments, during periods of emotional overstrain and severe physical activity to relieve depression and apathetic states, with alcohol abuse, with dysfunction of the liver and other organs of the gastrointestinal tract, with malfunctions in metabolic processes, with weakened immunity, with bronchitis, for the prevention of diseases of the digestive system, with acne, as well as during pregnancy and breastfeeding baby.

Contraindications and side effects

Contraindications, except for individual allergic reaction There is no safe dietary supplement to use. However, pantothenic acid, the side effects of which may occur in case of an overdose of the drug, requires strict adherence to medical recommendations.

Unpleasant symptoms are expressed in various dyspeptic phenomena (nausea, heartburn or vomiting). Gastric lavage and temporary restriction of vitamin intake are sufficient help to relieve discomfort. When you receive this drug in combination with the action of the latter is enhanced, and the toxicity of arsenic is significantly reduced.

Analogues and composition

Proper nutrition satisfies daily requirement human in vitamin B5, since most products of plant and animal origin contain natural pantothenic acid. Instructions for use (analogs of anti-stress vitamin - "Calcium pantothenic" and "Calcipan", "Kutivitol" and "Kalpanat", "Pantolin" and "Pancal", "Pantotaxin", "Pantoten" and "Pentavitol") recommends it in the form of tablets or capsules as bioactive supplement to food.

Pantothenic acid is produced by Solgar (USA) in the form of capsules with the active substance (500 mg) or based on natural ingredients called "Solgar Multi Eye".

Of the domestic manufacturers of Calcium Pantothenate, they produce: Belgorodvitamins, Pharmstandard-October, ICN Russia October and Akrikhin HFC in tablets of 0.1 g, packed in 50 pieces.

Foreign analogues of the drug called "Calcium D-pantothenate" are produced by DSM NUTRITIONAL PRODUCTS Ltd. (Switzerland) and NOW Foods (USA). In addition to tablets and powder (capsules), this substance is sold in the form of ampoules with a 10- or 20% injection solution. Among the analogues of this drug are "Aminalon" and "Neuro-Norm", "Vazavital" and "Noobut", "Noofen" and "Noozam", "Calcium Pangamat" and "Supradin", "Vitrum Beauty" and other multi vitamin complexes with component B5 in the composition.

Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid)- a water-soluble compound with a simple structure. It was discovered in 1933 by the scientist Williams and only after ten years of experiments was its vitamin nature confirmed. This vitamin got its name from Greek word"pantoten", meaning "everywhere, everywhere". After all, it can be found in almost all products.

Pharmacological vitamin B5 is a calcium salt, and in its natural form it is an acid. But this fact does not prevent both forms from acting effectively.

Pantothenic acid dissolves in alcohol, water, acetic acid, is stable in a neutral environment, and under the influence of temperature in an alkaline and acidic environment it is destroyed.

The action of vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid)

The effect of vitamin B5 will be difficult to overestimate. It is transported throughout the body, distributed to all tissues. It is absorbed in the intestines and, getting into the blood, passes into the form of enzymes. Due to its water-soluble nature, the vitamin does not accumulate, rendering toxic effect. It is excreted in the form of free acid through the kidneys.

Probably, there are no functions in our body that are not affected by pantothenic acid. Its main role is to participate in energy production at cellular level, which is so necessary for physical and mental stress.

Vitamin B5 is actively involved in processes such as:

• metabolism, acetylation and oxidation processes, accelerating metabolism;
• regulation of the nervous system, prevents the development of Alzheimer's disease and age-related dementia;
• normalization of bowel functions;
• maintaining good condition skin and hair;
• tissue regeneration;
• the fight against pathogenic microbes and inflammatory processes, acting in the adrenal cortex, the production of glucocorticoids, which help to cure arthritis, allergies, heart disease;
• in combination with choline, they activate brain activity, eliminating absent-mindedness, memory problems and depressive disorders;
• the production of antibodies in the immune system, creating protection against infections;
• synthesis of hemoglobin, cholesterol and other essential hormones helping to prevent the development of diabetes and atherosclerosis;
• synthesizes substances that control the senses - the perception of tastes and smells;
• protection from small doses of radiation.

Daily rate

The daily intake of vitamin B5 varies depending on many indicators. Yes for an adult healthy person 10-12 mg is required, for children 2-7 mg, for pregnant and lactating women - 15-20 mg. But these are, one might say, standard situations. In conditions of high physical exertion, with infectious diseases, stress and in the postoperative period, the need for pantothenic acid increases, only the attending physician will be able to select the required dosage.

Lack of vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid)

The lack of vitamin B5 in the body is terrible because almost all organs fall under attack, and very quickly. First of all, fatigue, loss of strength and a drop in efficiency will appear due to the fact that pantothenic acid is instantly consumed in the muscles. Then there will be signs of disorders of the nervous system and sleep, may be added and discomfort in the fingers of the limbs. For no reason, headaches and muscle pains occur, which are caused by metabolic disorders and the accumulation of lactic acid.

• indigestion, loss of appetite, absorption problems, constipation or, conversely, diarrhea;
• burning pain in the legs during sleep, most often in the calves;
• exhaustion and various problems caused by metabolic disorders, especially manifested in women during menopause, lead to pressure drops and impaired coordination in space;
• the appearance of external signs, such as hair loss, nail problems, dandruff, dermatitis;
• the development of gastritis and peptic ulcers due to regular disorders of the gastrointestinal tract;
• weakening of the immune system and, accordingly, frequent colds infectious diseases, appear on late stages hypovitaminosis, because antibodies change over time;
• in running forms hypovitaminosis, violations of the kidneys are possible;
• the growth of "bad" cholesterol, there are problems with the arteries and heart functions and, as a result, atherosclerosis may develop, which today occupies a leading position in deaths;
• in children, in addition to hypovitaminosis (avitaminosis - acute insufficiency) can cause growth retardation or cessation.

Vitamin B5 can be safely called the "vitamin of youth", because its lack significantly affects the appearance: the appearance of early gray hair, age spots, skin ages, eyes fade, appears excess weight. It is enough to change the “diet” and you will lose up to ten years.

By the way, pantothenic acid promotes fat burning (lipolysis), so it can proudly bear the title of architect of a slim figure.

And the best part about all of the above is that hypovitaminosis B5 is enough rare disease. After all, it was not for nothing that he was given the name "pantoten" - everywhere. With varied and complete diet body receives this useful vitamin more than enough.

But do not forget that only sufficient consumption of products in natural form can satisfy the need. After all, conservation, freezing and heat treatment destroy most of the vitamin.

In addition, there are cases when it is worth taking care of taking pantothenic acid. As a rule, antibiotics and sulfonamides, alcohol and hormonal drugs prevent its synthesis.

By the way, hypervitaminosis B5 is quite rare. its excess is quickly excreted from the body with urine. Sometimes there may be diarrhea or fluid retention in the body.

Sources of Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid)

The sources of vitamin B5 for the body are very diverse, partly it is synthesized by the microflora of a healthy human intestine. The rest of the amount is consumed with food, and their list is very extensive.

Main sources from maximum content vitamin is brewer's and baker's yeast, liver, kidneys, eggs, dairy products, vegetables, peanuts, bran and cereals, fish, whole grain flour baked goods.

But it must be taken into account that the own synthesis of pantothenic acid occurs only in a healthy microflora, and heat treatment destroys up to 50%. In addition, the lack of other vitamins contributes to low level assimilation, as well as eating fast food. Therefore, it is important to eat right - more fresh vegetables and fruits, while meat and fish are preferred dried or baked, preferably in foil.

Interaction with other drugs

Vitamin B5 serves as auxiliary component in the treatment of many diseases:

• enhances the work of cardiac glucosides - for the treatment of heart failure;
• neutralizes the effect of anti-tuberculosis drugs and streptomycin;
• promotes the absorption of folic acid (B9) and choline (B4).

With a lack of vitamins C, B1 and B2, the effect of pantothenic acid is weakened, even with a sufficient amount of it, because. useful compounds and synthesis of panthein and coenzyme are not created.

The big enemies of vitamin B5, as well as other vitamins, are alcohol, nicotine, antibiotics and other toxic substances.

Indications for appointment

Indications for prescribing a vitamin for medical purposes:

• Metabolic disorders of a wide variety of characters and their consequences - dermatological diseases;
• Allergic reactions, manifested in skin rashes and irritation of the respiratory tract;
• Bronchitis, asthma and tuberculosis;
• Liver diseases - hepatitis, cirrhosis;
• Violation of the thyroid gland;
• Treatment of chronic alcoholism;
• Pancreatitis and diseases of the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract;
• Problems with the nervous system - polyneuritis, neuralgia, neurasthenia;
• Recovery after surgery;
• Toxicosis in pregnant women.

Recently, cosmetologists and dermatologists have adopted pantothenic acid. Studies have shown it to be highly effective in treating acne, acne and dermatological diseases. Also used to even out skin tone and smooth fine lines. In such cases, vitamin B5 is injected, and intramuscular injections quite painful.

PANTOTHENIC ACID (VITAMIN B5)

GENERAL INFORMATION

Vitamin B5) is a water-soluble vitamin, sodoes not stay long in the body and requires constant replenishment of its reserves. Vitamin B5 in its pure form was isolated in 1939 from the liver of mammals. Like other B vitamins, pantothenic acid is active substance necessary for every living organism. In 1940, it was possible to find out chemical structure pantothenic acid and carry out its synthesis in the form of a calcium salt (calcium pantothenate). The formula of pantothenic acid is C 9 H 17 0 5 N.

Pantothenic acid widespread in natural products animal nutrition and plant origin, and therefore its name comes from the Greek word "pantos", which means "omnipresent". Pantothenic acid is found in all tissues of animals and plants, mainly in the bound form, but also occurs in the free form.

The empirical formula of the compound is C 9 H17N O 5

Despite the ubiquity of pantothenic acid in nature, a person may experience a lack of a substance. abundance white bread, semi-finished products, chips, canned food and the lack of fresh vegetables, fruits, meat products in the diet leads to the fact that vitamin B5 practically does not enter the body, as a result, hypovitaminosis occurs.

Due to the deficiency of the compound, metabolism first of all suffers, digestion worsens, and the immune-protective function decreases. The person becomes susceptible to inflammatory processes- SARS. This is due to the fact that Pantothenic acid and the coenzyme A synthesized with its participation is involved in many processes: in the oxidation of fatty acids and carbohydrates, in the synthesis of amino acids, fatty acids, ketones, cholesterol, phospholipids, steroid hormones, neurotransmitters (for example, acetylcholine) and antibodies

In order for pantothenic acid to be preserved in the maximum number in dishes, you should stop eating frozen, canned foods, food with long term storage, which includes vinegar essence, as well as cook in the most gentle mode: over low heat, extremely quickly under a closed lid.

PHYSIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Vitamin B5- a viscous substance of light yellow color with a melting point of 80 degrees. The compound dissolves well in acetic acid, water, ethyl, poorly - in ether, amyl alcohol, organic solvents. Calcium pantothenate, reacting with water, forms colorless crystalline salts: calcium, sodium. Vitamin B5 is thermolabile. It is especially unstable when heated in alkalis and acids, hydrolyzing with the release of lactone a,g-dioxy-b, pantolactone, b-alanine through the amide bond. In neutral solutions, calcium pantothenate and its salts are relatively stable.

Amide - pantothenamid, pantothenol - produced by B5, are formed in the process of replacing the carboxyl group with an alcohol one. The latter compound has a high vitamin activity for animals, as a result, it acts as an acid antagonist for a group of microorganisms.

Another, no less valuable, substance in wildlife is pantetheine, obtained by the interaction of calcium pantothenate with b-mercaptoethylamine (cysteamine). When oxidized, it is processed into disulfite - pantethine. The bioproduct of pantothenic acid is part of coenzyme A.

METABOLISM OF VITAMIN B5

Daily intestinal microflora healthy body synthesizes 3.4 milligrams of vitamin B5. After food intake, pantothenic acid is absorbed by diffusion directly from the intestine into the blood, tissues, where it is subsequently captured by red blood cells and actively transformed into coenzyme forms - coenzyme-A and phosphopanthothein. The rest of the substance circulates in the body in a free state. The catabolism of organic compounds of non-protein nature is based on their hydrolysis, while the "waste" calcium pantothenate and its metabolites are excreted in the urine.

Vitamin B5 is sensitive to heat, heat treatment of foods rich in a useful compound leads to a loss of 50% of the substance. It is destroyed not only under the influence of dry heat (grill, oven), but also as a result of exposure to solutions of acids, alkalis, which are used in the processing of food products, for example, during canning, freezing.

It is important to remember that pantothenic acid is found in foods only in protein form and is released by enzymes.

VALUE OF VITAMIN B5

Pantothenic acid is involved in protein, fat, carbohydrate metabolism, cholesterol metabolism, the synthesis of a number of hormones, hemoglobin, promotes the absorption of amino acids and sugars in the intestine, and supports the function of the adrenal cortex. A lack of pantothenic acid can lead to damage to the skin and mucous membranes.

Vitamin B5 is a structural component of the key substance of metabolism - coenzyme A, which is involved in the course of all types of metabolism - protein, lipid, carbohydrate, in the synthesis of hemoglobin, choline, the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, corticosteroids, hormones of the adrenal cortex and in the processes of detoxification of the body by transferring acyl residues.

Given the fact that inside our body, vitamin B5 and its derivatives interact with a large number of substances, it is impossible to list them completely. However, in order to verify the significance of the connection, consider the most significant of them. These are cholesterol, acetylcholine, fats, fatty acid, histamine, hemoglobin, amino acids, carbohydrates.

Participating in the synthesis and metabolic processes of such a variety of substances, for the proper functioning of all systems, internal organs it is important to ensure a regular supply of calcium pantothenate in sufficient quantities.

Consider why the body needs vitamin B5.

1. The activity of the adrenal glands. Scientists have proven that the cortex of these organs is the most efficient gland in humans, which is capable of producing hormones for six hours a day, but for this it needs significant reserves of calcium pantothenate to fight pathogenic microbes and increased psycho-emotional stress. First of all , acid is involved in the synthesis of hormones endocrine glands. At the stage of formation, all glucocorticoids are associated with coenzyme A, and one way or another, their production in sufficient quantities is a reliable prevention of the onset of allergies, colitis, arthritis, heart disease. Vitamin B5 has an anti-inflammatory effect. Participating in the course of metabolic processes in the adrenal cortex, it synthesizes glucocorticoids, which "turn on" defensive reaction organism in the event of the introduction of foreign microorganisms.
2. Synthesis of fatty acids. As you know, these monobasic carboxylic substances are necessary for the connection of fats and the normal functioning of the brain. As a result, vitamin B5 normalizes metabolism and activates mental activity human. As a side effect - the deposition of fats in the body is regulated. Therefore, pantothenic acid is essential vitamin for weight loss and elimination of metabolic problems.
3. The work of the nervous system. Calcium pantothenate is involved in the synthesis of mediators, hormones, neurotransmitters that provide proper development nervous system in children, adolescents, adults. A daily intake of 5 milligrams of vitamin B5 prevents the onset of Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia. from the sense organs), which explains high concentration beneficial compound in brain cells.
4. Maintaining immunity. Unlike vitamins A and E, which fight free radicals, bacteria, viruses, activating the protective function of the body, the biological role of pantothenic acid is the synthesis of antibodies. B5 deficiency leads to sharp decline the amount of immunoglobulins, as a result, a person becomes most vulnerable to pernicious influence pathogens from outside.
5. Normalization of cholesterol metabolism. Calcium pantothenate inhibits the process of plaque clogging of arteries by regulating the synthesis of fatty acids. Thanks to given property, vitamin B5 is a natural “drug” that effectively fights atherosclerosis.
6. Energy production. Pantothenic acid starts the process of lipolysis in the body - the release of triglycerides from fat cells with their subsequent burning. The course of these procedures is accompanied by the production of additional energy, which is needed during intense physical exertion and increased mental work.
7. Promotes rapid healing of wounds, tissue renewal, restoration of the barrier properties of the mucous membranes.
8. Removes depressive disorders, forgetfulness, distraction, doubt.
9. Prevents side effects from antibiotics.
10. Reduces pain with rheumatoid arthritis.

In addition, pantothenic acid is needed to maintain healthy skin and hair. It prevents the formation of wrinkles, premature appearance of age spots, and restrains early gray hair. Participating in the synthesis of corticosteroids and hemoglobin, B5 has positive influence to fight stress.

Calcium pantothenate is the only vitamin that can be absorbed through the skin, thanks to this property, the substance is used in the production of anti-burn products. medicines, cosmetics.

So re-evaluate positive properties organic matter extremely difficult, since the slightest flaw will immediately hit the work of almost all organs and systems.

HYPOVITAMINOSIS OF VITAMIN B5

Consider the sequence of symptoms of pantothenic acid deficiency.

1. Fatigue, fatigue. The reason for the appearance of these reactions is that calcium pantothenate is consumed at the highest rate in the muscles, and the lack of connection in the muscles leads to a drop in the performance of the body as a whole.
2. Nervous disorders. First of all, hypovitaminosis leads to sleep disturbance. Further, as a result chronic sleep deprivation the work of the central nervous system worsens, psycho-emotional overstrain occurs, burning in the toes, depression develops.
3. Headaches, muscle pains. Especially often, athletes experience pain in the muscles, with a deficiency of B5. This phenomenon occurs as a result of a violation of metabolic processes that lead to the complete utilization of lactic acid. As a result, the athlete experiences muscle pain, feels tired like after a hard marathon.
4. Deterioration skin(the appearance of dermatitis, seborrhea, eczema), hair loss, growth retardation and fragility of the nail plate.
5. Digestive disorders. At the first stages characteristic symptoms hypovitaminosis of pantothenic acid in the human body - lack of appetite and nausea; peptic ulcer, gastritis and cholecystitis.
6. "Burning" attacks of pain in the legs at night (not cramps), accompanied by sharp redness skin in the area of ​​the feet.
7. Metabolic disorders that lead to imbalance hormonal background women. These problems are especially dangerous during menopause, because they can cause not only sharp drops pressure, but also ataxia.
8. Slowdown (rarely - stop) growth in adolescents, weight loss.
9. Exhaustion caused by indigestion, constant fatigue.
10. Weakening immune system susceptibility to acute respiratory infections.
11. Kidney dysfunction associated with improper production various hormones. As a rule, problems with urinary organs occur extremely rarely, in the advanced stages of hypovitaminosis.
12. Diseases of the heart, blood vessels, caused by a violation of the synthesis of glucocorticoids, cholesterol. Clogged arteries lead to the development of atherosclerosis.
13. Visual disturbances (in some cases, the onset of blindness).

During the Second World War, among the prisoners of war in Japanese camps, there was a widespread "burning feet" syndrome that resulted from severe violation healthy food. In addition, pantothenic acid deficiency in soldiers was accompanied by a violation mental activity, central scotoma, pale nipples optic nerves, blurred vision. At the same time, the inclusion in the diet of 30 milligrams of a mixture of B vitamins eliminated these phenomena, saved patients from glossitis, stomatitis, diseases of the cornea, sclera, and conjunctivitis.

FACTORS THAT CAUSE B5 DEFICIENCY

Consider the reasons why the body begins to experience a deficiency of a substance.

1. Prolonged use of sulfonamides, antibiotics. These drugs block the synthesis of active derivatives from vitamin B5. As a result, even with an abundance of pantothenic acid in food, the body may be deficient in the compound.
2. Lack of proteins, fats in the daily menu. The intake of proteins, triglycerides accelerates and facilitates the absorption of calcium pantothenate. Therefore, for men, women, and children who follow a vegetarian and raw food diet, care must be taken in shaping their diet to prevent the compound from not being absorbed.
3. Lack of vitamins B1, B2, C, which are actively involved in the synthesis of panthein and coenzyme-A.
4. Digestive disorders (impaired absorption of food) - malabsorption syndrome. In the event of the development of this disease, food with high content useful organic compounds passes through the body in transit (non-absorption nutrients from food).

Deficiency of pantothenic acid leads to the occurrence of diseases of the blood, skin, nails, ulcers duodenum, hypoglycemia.

Given the fact that vitamin B5 is found in many products of plant and animal origin, deficiency of the compound in the human body is a rare occurrence, which, in most cases, occurs due to an unbalanced diet or under the influence of factors that contribute to the neutralization or non-absorption beneficial substance.

Hypervitaminosis B5 is more common. An excess of the compound is non-toxic to humans. A single intravenous injection of 500 milligrams of calcium pantothenate does not cause side effects from the body. IN rare cases there is dehydration, insomnia, agitation, increased heart rate, headache, nausea.

THE NEED OF THE BODY FOR PANTOTENIC ACID

Physiological needs for pantothenic acid according to Guidelines MP 2.3.1.2432-08 about norms physiological needs in energy and nutrients for various groups population of the Russian Federation:

• Upper allowable level consumption is not set.
• The physiological need for adults is 5 mg / day (introduced for the first time).
• The physiological need for children is from 1.0 to 5.0 mg / day (introduced for the first time).

	Age	Daily requirement for vitamin B5, (mg)
Infants	0 - 3 months
	4 - 6 months
	7 - 12 months
Children from 1 year to 11 years	1 — 3
	3 — 7
	7 — 11
Men (boys, youths)	11 — 14
	14 — 18
	> 18
Women (girls, girls)	11 — 14
	14 — 18
	> 18
	pregnant
	lactating

An additional intake of calcium pantothenate is prescribed in the following cases:

• with infectious diseases;
• consumption of low-calorie foods;
• in the postoperative period;
• during stress;
• people of retirement age (over 55 years);
• with polyneuritis, neuralgia, bronchial asthma, disorders of the central nervous system, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
• to improve the condition of nails, hair, skin;
• during antibiotic use.

Only the attending physician will be able to determine the required daily dose of the compound.

In the case of progression of dermatological diseases, one of the fundamental drugs of treatment is pantothenic acid, which is prescribed in a dose significantly higher than the daily norm for a healthy person (up to 1500 milligrams per day).

To combat acne, the dosage of B5 increases to an impressive amount - up to 10,000 units per day.

SOURCES OF VITAMIN

Pantothenic acid is widely distributed in food products, which ensures its constant intake with food. Certain foods (such as liver, egg yolk) contain pantothenic acid in very large quantities(Table 1).

Table 1. The content of pantothenic acid in foods
Animal products		Herbal products
cow's milk		oranges
Cheese		green beans
Egg	1 400-2 700	soy beans	1 500
Chicken egg yolk	7 000	dried peas	2 800
chicken meat		Melon
Veal	1 500	strawberries
Calf's liver	4 500	peanuts	2 500-4 500
Calf kidneys	1 500	Cauliflower	1 000
Beef		Potato
Cattle liver	7 600-9 200	Onion
Cattle heart	2 000-6 000	dried onion	1 050
kidneys	4 000	Carrot
Mutton		Oats, refined grain	2 500
Pork	1 000	Oat flakes	1 300-1 600
pork liver	7 000	Wheat	1 300
Pork kidneys	3 600	Wheat flour	200-350
Ham		rice bran	3 000
Navaga		Rice, whole grain

Vitamin b5- a special microelement. It is found in most foods of plant and animal origin, so its deficiency in the body is almost impossible. It has a vitamin B5 name and another - pantothenic acid (as well as calcium pantothenate). It is easily soluble in water, does not cause a toxic effect at all and is perfectly excreted from the body.

Calcium pantothenate formula

It is the special formula of vitamin b5 that allows it to be so useful. Many vitamins are different complex composition, but given element has a very simple structure. It does not contain any complex components, so it is easily and quickly absorbed by the body.

At the same time, vitamin b5 in preparations and in natural products slightly different. If in medical devices Since it is a calcium type salt, it is an acid in food.

Inside human body the substance is transformed into pantethine, which combines with coenzyme-A to begin to influence metabolic processes in organs and systems.

Why does the body need vitamin B5?

This trace element is involved in the metabolism of fats, amino acids and carbohydrates, thanks to which special fatty acids are formed in the body, which are very important for humans, as well as hemoglobin, acetylcholine and histamine. Taking pantothenic acid in sufficient quantities is an excellent prevention of obesity, the formation of new fat cells.

Vitamin B5 also performs the following functions in the body:

• is a regulator of the adrenal glands, affects the formation of hormones in them in sufficient quantities;
• forms special antibodies that ensure the absorption of other minerals and vitamins;
• normalizes the processes of oxidation and reduction;
• regulates the proper functioning of the brain;
• produces antibodies that block harmful effect alcoholic beverages and tobacco products on the brain;
• reduces the likelihood side effects when taking medication;
• regulates the formation of new cells and their growth.

What is vitamin B5 for? It normalizes the balance of water in the body, and this, in turn, has a good effect on the skin and hair. Vitamin b5 will prevent early aging and wrinkles. This substance is necessary for any organism or body system, it is able to accumulate in them, which ensures reliable protection from lack of oxygen and increased immunity.

What foods contain the vitaminb5?

Pantothenic acid is unstable to processing and elevated temperatures. Because after production various products in industrial scale, during preservation, freezing or exposure to heat, from 30 to 70% of the trace element remains from the initial concentration. Fruit and vegetable juices lose half of their useful properties after technical processing. Therefore, it is important not only to know which foods contain this trace element, but also to use them correctly: if possible, eat them raw (for example, fruits and vegetables). It is also worth eating cold-smoked meat (this allows you to save most of the useful properties in the product).

There is a lot of vitamin B5 in plant-derived products. It contains:

• in leafy green vegetables and cauliflower;
• brewer's yeast;
• in legumes(especially in green peas);
• in all cereal crops and their derivatives (oatmeal, wheat, rye, buckwheat).

The vitamin is found in foods and animal origin:

• in meat (especially a lot in poultry and beef);
• in by-products (heart, liver and kidneys);
• in dairy and sour-milk products;
• in fish and caviar of sea fish;
• in eggs.

It must be remembered that when exposed to light and heat, pantothenic acid is destroyed. It is also less absorbed in the body if there is not enough vitamin C ( ascorbic acid) or B vitamins.

If vinegar is added to the dish, the effect of pantothenic acid is neutralized.

The norm of vitamin B5 and its use

If the microflora in the intestines of a person is not disturbed and he is healthy, then vitamin B5 is quite well produced in the body itself. The need for this substance increases in most cases during breastfeeding, as well as during strong physical exertion. Also large doses prescribed for people suffering from acne (maximum 10 g per day). Additionally, the vitamin can be used for stress and excessive consumption of caffeinated drinks (strong tea, coffee).

Assign drugs with pantothenic acid for oral administration, intramuscularly or intravenously twice a day, observing the interval between doses of 4 to 5 hours. Usually preparations with vitamin B5 are well tolerated. In extreme cases, a dyspeptic phenomenon (disturbances in the digestive tract) may occur. Oral injections are painful.

Norm for children

From birth to six months, children need at least 2 mg of the vitamin, up to 12 months - at least 3 mg, from 1 year to 6 years - 3-4 mg per day, from 7 to 10 years - at least 4.5 mg per day.

The norm of vitamin for men

Regardless of age, all men need the same amount of vitamin B5 throughout their lives - 4-7 mg per day. In the presence of bad habits, strong feelings and stresses, increased physical exertion, the dose increases.

The norm of vitamin for women

Women, just like men, need to take 4 to 7 mg of vitamin B5 daily. The only exceptions are periods of breastfeeding, increased physical exertion and strong feelings. Then you need to take at least 8 mg of vitamin per day.

Lack of vitamin B5

Calcium pantothenate deficiency occurs most often in the following situations:

• with prolonged heat treatment of products;
• with a lack of ascorbic acid, proteins and fats in the diet;
• in the presence of bad habits;
• when taking antidiotics and sulfonamides;
• at severe depression, stress;
• with disturbed intestinal microflora;
• when consumed a large number strong tea and coffee;
• with insufficient use of foods containing vitamin B5.

Vitamin B5 deficiency symptoms:

• depression, stress;
• constant fatigue;
• pain in muscles, head;
• tingling sensation in the limbs, fingers;
• feeling of numbness of fingers, extremities;
• reddened feet;
• attention disorder;
• feeling of nausea;
• sleep disturbance;
• dysmotility in the gastrointestinal tract;
• occurrence of a duodenal ulcer.

A lack of calcium pantothenate often results in a decrease in immunity, which is why a person often suffers from respiratory viral diseases.

Vitamin B5 overdose

Hypervitaminosis of calcium pantothenate is observed very rarely in case of hypersensitivity of the organism to this substance. But even in this case, it does not pose a serious danger to the body. A sign of an overdose is a burning sensation inside the stomach.

Instructions for using the vitaminb5

The drug is prescribed in complex treatment sets pathological conditions because the vitamin has wide range actions. Most often it is used for:

• disturbed metabolism;
• eczema, trophic ulcers, manifested as a result of impaired metabolism;
• in the event of various allergic reactions;
• in violation of the respiratory system;
• in violation of the liver;
• with the appearance of pancreatitis and other diseases associated with the pancreas;
• with the development of hyperthyroidism;
• in violation of the nervous system;
• with the appearance of a withdrawal syndrome in people with alcohol dependence.

Particular attention should be paid to taking drugs with this substance during pregnancy. If a woman suffers from severe toxicosis, problems of the digestive tract, then she should definitely take the vitamin additionally. Also, appropriate drugs are prescribed after surgery on the gastrointestinal tract, acne and acne. Therefore, the use of pantothenic acid for cosmetic purposes is common.

It is necessary to take preparations with vitamin B5 according to the instructions and only under the supervision of the attending physician.

Contraindications for use:

• pregnancy (unless the drug is prescribed by the attending physician);
• pathology of the kidneys in the acute phase;
• hypersensitivity to the drug;
• period breastfeeding(unless the drug is prescribed by a doctor);
• children's age (up to three years);
• hemophilia.

Interaction of vitamin B5 with other elements

Vitamin is involved in almost all metabolic processes in the body, therefore it is able to interact with various substances. Calcium pantothenate helps to absorb well and quickly folic acid(which is especially true during pregnancy). Vitamin B5 also reduces the toxic effect of tuberculosis drugs.

What vitamins contain pantothenic acid?

Preparations and products containing pantothenic acid surprise with their diversity. In pharmacies, vitamin B5 products are found in capsules, tablets and ampoules.

Almost all vitamin complexes famous brands contain pantothenic acid. The most common among them:

1. "Vitrum";
2. "Alphabet";
3. "Elevit";
4. "Centrum";
5. "Pikovit";
6. "Femibion";
7. "Doppelhertz" (there are special vitamin complexes for women, men and in case of certain health problems);
8. "Duovit";
9. "Supradin";
10. "Calcium Pangamat" (often prescribed during pregnancy in case of severe toxicosis).

In foreign online pharmacies, you can also find tablets with pure vitamin B5, without the inclusion of other trace elements.

Pantothenic Acid for Hair and Skin

For the skin of the face, the vitamin has great importance, as calcium pantothenate prevents premature aging and the appearance of wrinkles. To achieve this effect, you can use the drug both outside and use it inside.

For hair, its benefits are also undeniable - it ensures the health of the hair roots and their tips, provides a healthy and beautiful look. This microelement will help get rid of excessive hair loss, dandruff and too dry scalp, peeling.

It is best to use vitamin b5 in combination with other drugs for the restoration and treatment of hair and scalp, as it helps to better and faster absorb other vitamins and chemical compounds.

For prevention and mild form vitamin deficiency (when the hair becomes dull and brittle), vitamin b5 is used in ampoules and capsules, adding one ampoule to any hair care product. After a few weeks of use, you will notice how the hair becomes smoother to the touch, their surface will become smoother, smoother and shinier.

Exist ready-made funds for skin, hair and nail care with calcium pantothenate in the composition. You can use ready-made products or cook them yourself.

• "Smart enamel" - gel for thickening nails with vitamin B5 and calcium (11 ml).
• Hair balm "Horsepower" with collagen and provitamin B5 (500 ml).
• Numerous ointments, sprays and skin creams with dexpatenol (in the body it turns into pantothenic acid): Panthenol, Bepanthen, Dexpanthenol.

Skin products with panthenol can help achieve the following results:

• the skin will receive the supply of calcium pantothenate that it lacks;
• the strength of collagen fibers inside the skin will become stronger, because the epidermis will become more elastic;
• cellular metabolism will return to normal;
• damaged areas of the skin will heal faster (with burns, injuries, abrasions, scratches);
• stretch marks, scars and injuries will become less noticeable;
• wrinkles will become less noticeable, and new ones will not appear often;
• the skin will stop peeling;
• dry skin will be moisturized;
• acne will disappear;
• there will be less inflammation.

Nourishing hair mask

Several such procedures will be enough to notice an improvement in the condition of the hair.

To prepare the mask, you need olive oil, burdock oil, as well as a little wheat germ, 1 ampoule of pantothenic acid. Everything must be thoroughly mixed so that the mass becomes homogeneous. After that, the mask can be applied to the scalp for 15 minutes. The mask can be done once every two or three days with strong damaged curls or once a week for prevention.