Diagnosis foreign body of the eye"is well known to almost everyone. It is unlikely that there is at least one person who has never in his life experienced unpleasant sensations caused by a small insect, a speck of dust, an eyelash getting into the eye, that is, what is called a “foreign body”.

Foreign bodies may be superficial, i.e. located on the surface of the eye or intraocular- penetrated into the eye cavity and damaged its membranes.

Most superficial foreign bodies are removed from the eyes as a result of intense blinking and increased tear production. If this does not happen, then it is necessary to seek specialized medical help as soon as possible.

Metal particles getting into the eye are especially dangerous. Often they are so small that they do not cause significant discomfort and the victim does not seek medical help. However, after a few days, he begins to notice that his vision has noticeably deteriorated. This is due to the oxidation of the metal. The most dangerous in this regard are copper particles, the oxides of which have a toxic effect on the cornea, lens and retina. Therefore, it is so important to promptly contact an ophthalmologist in case of a foreign body in the eyes.

Symptoms of a foreign body in the eyes

Signs of a foreign body in the eye can vary in intensity from slight, almost imperceptible discomfort to unbearable intense pain. It depends on the type of foreign body and its location. The main symptoms of a foreign body in the eye are:

• Burning;
• Scratching in the eye;
• Eye irritation;
• Painful sensations;
• lacrimation;
• Redness of the eye;
• Photophobia;
• Difficulty opening the affected eye;
• Deterioration of vision.
• Diagnosis of foreign bodies in the eye

If there is a suspicion of a foreign body in the eye, an ophthalmological examination is performed using a special slit lamp. If necessary, the doctor turns it inside out upper eyelid and checks for the presence of foreign particles underneath.
To detect intraocular foreign bodies, an examination is carried out using an ophthalmoscope, an ultrasound of the eyeball is performed, as well as radiography in two projections.

Treatment of a foreign body in the eye

Removal of foreign bodies of the eyes, even those located superficially (in the conjunctiva, sclera or cornea), should only be performed by an ophthalmologist. Attempts to cope with this task on your own can lead to infection of the eyes or further injury to its structures.
Superficially located foreign bodies are removed on an outpatient basis under local anesthesia. Most often, the procedure is performed using a special microscope - a slit lamp. After it, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial eye ointments and drops are necessarily prescribed to prevent the development of a pronounced inflammatory reaction.

Removal of intraocular foreign bodies is carried out in the operating room using quite complex equipment, a microscope and various surgical instruments. Since penetrating wounds of the eyeball threaten the loss of visual function, and even the eye itself, the operation is performed immediately, i.e. for emergency reasons.

Prevention of foreign body in the eyes

To prevent foreign bodies from getting into the eyes, when carrying out agricultural, carpentry, plumbing, construction work use safety glasses.

What to do if there is a foreign body in the eye

If a foreign body gets into the eye, you should adhere to the following recommendations:

• Do not rub and generally touch the affected eye as little as possible. If you wear contact lenses, do not remove them. Any touch to the eye can change the original position of the foreign body and push it deep into the tissues of the eye.
• Try to keep the affected eye closed. The harder and more often you blink, the more irritated your eye will be.
• You should not attempt to remove a foreign body yourself or trust this procedure to random persons nearby. This is quite dangerous and fraught with serious consequences.
• Contact us as soon as possible medical institution for the provision of specialized ophthalmological care.
• Be sure to tell your doctor what substances or materials you were working with at the time of your injury.

Penetration of a foreign body into the eyes is familiar to every person. Small midges, specks, and dust particles get into our eyes quite often throughout our lives. Sometimes they are easy to remove on your own, but there are times when you have to seek help from a doctor.

The presence of a foreign body in the eye sometimes contributes to damage to the eye structures - sclera, conjunctiva, cornea.

Foreign body can be located on the surface of the eye, but can also penetrate deep into the eyeball. Any damage it causes to the eye provokes a threat to visual function.

But the protector from penetration into the deep structures of the eye is the cornea, which has strong protective reflexes. With their help, most small foreign bodies are removed through blinking and tearing. If the body is somehow firmly attached or penetrated deep, then medical help should be sought immediately, because an unremoved foreign body becomes overgrown with a capsule and puts vision at risk.

Signs of a foreign body in the eye

The eye is a very sensitive human structure and therefore the presence of a foreign body in it is felt instantly.

The first signs of a foreign body in the eye may be pain, redness and a burning sensation. At the same time, increased tearfulness, intolerance to bright light, and blurred vision occur. The irritation caused by a foreign body, expressed by these signs, remains for some period of time after its removal.

Reasons

Workers of certain professions most often suffer from foreign bodies entering the eyes, i.e. due to the specifics of the work. Such professions include lumberjacks, stonemasons, carpenters, etc. Often such problems arise among workers on processing machines if they do not comply with safety regulations, i.e. when working without protective equipment.

Foreign bodies get into our eyes when there are gusts of wind, an unexpected dust storm, or when riding a bicycle or motorcycle without protective glasses. During the time of abundant flowering, clouds of midges also create problems, trying to surround us and get into the most vulnerable spot- eyes.

The feeling of a foreign body often appears in people who use contact lenses if they do not comply with hygiene rules. However, in this case, such associations arise due to microtrauma on the surface of the eye, as a result of careless removal of lenses or failure to maintain their sterility.

Diagnosis of a foreign body in the eye

The presence of a foreign body in the eye is usually easily determined during diagnosis. Basically, the diagnosis of a foreign body in the eye is determined during an ophthalmological examination and based on the patient’s complaints.

If there is a deep-penetrating injury to the eyeball, then special, more complex diagnostic methods are used. In these cases, an ophthalmoscope is used for examination, visual acuity, x-rays or ultrasound are checked.

Treatment

In medical institutions, treatment of the condition begins with the removal of the foreign body. Extraction is most often carried out under anesthesia with anesthetic drops. If a foreign body is clearly present, removal is carried out with a sterile cotton swab moistened with distilled water.

If the size of the foreign body is too small to be detected by normal inspection, then it is necessary to use eye drops with dye - fluorescein. With the help of dye, the foreign body is clearly visible and can be easily removed.

If damage to the cornea by a foreign body is minor, then after its removal, ophthalmic ointment with antibiotics is prescribed for 2-3 days.

In case of severe damage to the cornea, after removal of a foreign body, the patient is prescribed atropine sulfate eye drops (which dilate the pupil) and drops containing an antibiotic. A blindfold is applied to the eyes to avoid irritation from bright light. This treatment is usually prescribed for 5 days.

Sometimes, when a foreign body penetrates deeply into the eye, surgical intervention is used.

If there is a deep foreign body in the eye, the patient may require surgery to remove it.

Feeling

Symptoms

• Increased tear production;
• Possible deterioration of vision;

First aid

Treatment and removal

11/10/2015 // admin

Patients with scale in the eye constitute the overwhelming category of patients seeking emergency ophthalmological care. It would seem like small iron shavings, but how many problems can it bring to the patient? Usually, scale gets into the eye due to non-compliance with safety precautions - working with a welding machine or grinder without safety glasses. Although many patients complain that they worked with glasses, a foreign body still got into the eye in the gap between the skin and the protective glass.

It is important to understand that any foreign body in the cornea are a sight-threatening condition. If scale is not removed in time, post-traumatic keratitis may develop, including corneal ulcers, perforation and loss of the eye as an organ. Unfortunately, such cases are not uncommon.

Therefore, when hit scale in the eye, shows how to quickly remove it.

It will not be possible to remove it on your own, since the metal shavings stick to the cornea, and it is almost impossible to remove it without anesthesia, a needle and good magnification. Especially not a professional.

As a rule, in big cities There is an emergency ophthalmological service available 24 hours a day. However, this does not mean that you need to go there at any time of the day. Respect the doctor’s work, come for an appointment either in the morning, afternoon or evening. Asking for help at night does not bring benefits to karma))

Descaling

In most clinical residencies and internships, training in surgery in ophthalmology begins with the skill of removing scale and other foreign bodies of the cornea and eyelids.

To pull out scale, carry out local anesthesia the affected eye with 0.5% Alcaine solution or another anesthetic, the patient sits at the slit lamp. A section of the cornea with a foreign body is removed so that it is clearly visible. There's a little secret here. If you point the microscope slightly out of focus, then during work, when the patient inevitably moves his head away from the device, it will be enough to move the eyepieces slightly with the brow ridges to get into focus again.

The scale itself is removed with an injection needle from a 10.0 syringe.

For novice ophthalmologists, it is very important to find a hand rest, since in the absence of one, the hand with the needle begins to shake, like a real alcoholic.

After removing scale, it is necessary to instill an antibiotic solution, for example, 0.25% Levomycetin solution.

The scale has been removed, what next?

After removing scale, it is imperative to prescribe anti-inflammatory treatment.

For this, it is enough to prescribe an antibiotic (Sigicef, Tsipromed, Tobrex) and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (Diclof, Nevanac, Broxinac) for five days.

You can also use ointment forms of antibiotics, for example, Floxal ointment.

For deep scaling, NSAIDs can also be prescribed orally (Nise).

The cornea heals after removing scale within one to two weeks. Superficial epithelial translucent opacities often form. If the foreign body is localized in the central parts of the cornea, vision may be reduced.

By nature, our eyes are protected by eyelashes, but sometimes this protection is not enough. And various small particles get into your eyes. In many cases, it is almost impossible to protect yourself from this.

People often suffer and find themselves in such situations because of the specifics of their profession. When working with an angle grinder, almost everyone has encountered this problem.

And the eyes are an organ that needs to be protected. Any foreign substance should be removed from the eye as quickly as possible. One day is enough for toxic oxidation products of non-ferrous metal to enter into a chemical reaction with living tissue and fluids of the eye.

This should not be allowed, as the complications are very serious. You could go blind or lose an eye forever. Therefore, in a situation where shavings from an angle grinder have fallen into a hole, it is very important to know what should be done at home.

Sometimes the victim manages to independently remove the foreign body from the eye. But often the problem arises during the work process. And when dust and shavings fly in different directions, it is better to ask for outside help.

In any case, this situation requires right actions . This will make it possible to avoid serious consequences and preserve vision.

Types and symptoms of traumatic eye injury

An unpleasant incident when metal shavings get into the eye refers to mechanical damage. Depending on the severity, the following types of eye injuries are distinguished:

Mild degree- does not threaten cosmetic defects or loss of vision. Injury medium degree - slight cosmetic defect, slight decrease in vision. Severe degree- significant deterioration of vision or its complete loss as a result of defects in the structure of the eye.

Localization traumatic injury could be as follows:

damage to the eyeball; eye sockets; accessory parts of the eye.

Main symptoms of damage:

involuntary closing of the eyelids, it becomes difficult to open them independently; redness of the eye; pain in the eye area; secretion of tears; blurred vision.

These are the main signs of damage, but they do not make it possible to determine with high accuracy how badly the eye is damaged. The extent of damage can only be determined by an ophthalmologist using a microscope.

After removing the shavings from the grinder, the same symptoms may be observed, with the exception of severe lacrimation. Especially if the damage is deeper than the top layer of the corneal epithelium.

This occurs due to post-traumatic swelling. Therefore, even after correctly provided first aid, it is better to see a doctor.

How to get shavings out of your eye

If it is not possible to quickly get to a medical facility, then you need to know what to do on your own if scale from a grinder gets into your eye. All procedures must be performed with clean hands.

They should first be washed with soap and running water and should not be touched. Then follow these instructions:

Rinse your face thoroughly with with open eyes. Try to determine the location of the foreign body. To do this you should take a mirror and gently pull down the lower eyelid. Sometimes chips end up there. If present, remove it with a clean cotton swab pre-moistened with water. You can also do this with the tip of a scarf. If nothing is found in the lower eyelid, then need to lift the upper eyelid. It is much more difficult to remove the speck from there. Carry out the procedure very carefully. Severe pain is possible. It is necessary to try to make it go down or fall out completely. To do this, take the upper eyelashes and tug them a little. If the discomfort continues, it means there is something left under the upper eyelid. You need to try to grab onto top edge and turn it out a little. If there are shavings in this place, pull them out using a cotton swab. If the chips are not stuck in the eye, you can take warm boiled water into a small container and immerse your face in it. In this position, try to blink a little. This removes a foreign body if it is on the surface of the eye and is not stuck in it. This happens extremely rarely, because metal shavings almost always stick. An effective way to remove chips from your eye at home is application of magnet. It should be brought as close as possible to the open eye and moved back and forth. If the metal shavings are not visible in the mirror, then there is a chance that they came out but scratched the cornea. Therefore, a person does not leave a feeling of discomfort. Then the affected eye must be treated with antiseptic eye drops.. You can also apply a restorative gel under the lower eyelid. Then close your eye and massage it with light, gentle movements. If your eyes become very rubbed during the extraction process, you can wash them with the remains of strong black tea. It contains tannins which relieve irritation. This procedure is available to everyone, since tea is always available in the house. If the chips are stuck very deeply, it is better not to touch the eyes and seek medical help immediately. If possible, do not blink or touch the injured eye with your hands.

First aid. How to remove a foreign body from the eye

Basic actions if hot scale from an angle grinder gets into your eye

Scale is a spark from a grinder, grinder, welding and other hot metal body.

If a spark from an angle grinder gets into the eye, it will cause a burn at the point of contact with the epithelium of the conjunctiva or cornea. The scale is firmly fixed on the surface of the eye, and the above methods very rarely help to get it out on your own.

If the shavings have been removed, the next step is to treat the burn that they left behind.

To avoid serious complications, the burn must be treated by an ophthalmologist. He uses local anesthetic drops, a sterile needle and a microscope.

After the procedure, you should definitely follow all doctor’s prescriptions at home. These are mainly antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. You can use such drugs in the form of ointments. For example, Floxal ointment.

If metal shavings get into the eye, the cornea heals within a week. In severe cases, recovery may take two weeks.

Superficial epithelial translucent opacities often form. If scale gets into and sticks to the central parts of the cornea, then vision may be reduced.

Consequences of incorrect first aid for eye injuries

If you provide first aid for eye injuries incorrectly, serious negative consequences can occur:

Cicatricial deformation of the eyelids. Eyelash growth is abnormal. It becomes impossible to fully open the injured eye. The eyelids grow together. Narrowing or obstruction of the tear ducts. Clouding of the cornea, possible partial loss of vision. Dry eye syndrome. Clouding of the lens - cataract. Chronic inflammation ocular structures, leading to gradual loss of vision. Glaucoma - increased intraocular pressure. Loss of an eye. The appearance of rust around metal shavings that have fallen on the eye structures.

Prohibited actions

If there is a foreign body in the eye, you must not:

Rub your eye with your hands or other objects. Blink frequently. Close your eyes. Rinse the affected area with running water. Drip honey, aloe and other similar products into the eye. Remove foreign bodies from the eye with a match or tongue.

To protect yourself from unpleasant problem, which poses a threat to the eyes, it is important to follow safety precautions when performing repair work, especially welding.

Be sure to use a protective helmet and goggles. Working in them is not entirely convenient, but this is the main guarantee of safety.

It is very difficult and almost impossible to remove chips from the eye without going to a medical facility. In most cases, it is firmly fixed on the surface of the eye without assistance. experienced ophthalmologist can't get by.

In order not to lose vision, it is very important to apply a number of measures, even if after the incident there is almost nothing to worry about. It is necessary to remove a foreign body after it gets into the eye as quickly as possible.

Physical factors during long-term exposure or incorrectly provided first aid can reach the cornea, iris, vitreous body and even the retina. This causes blurred vision.

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Hello,

A small particle got into the cornea of ​​the eye while working with a cutting instrument. The next day, redness of the white of the eye, sensation of particles in the eye, although nothing was found. I saw the eye clearly and sharply as before the injury. The inflammation did not go away and the next day I consulted a doctor. A small particle was found and removed from the cornea. They prescribed Cipropharm 4рх1к and Oftogel 4рх1к. I didn’t find Oftogel in our pharmacy. Only Cipropharm was used. Within a day, the pain in the eye went away, and after another day, the eye’s excessive sensitivity to light began to go away. But the blurred vision in the eye remains. I noticed the blurriness immediately after visiting the doctor, perhaps because a gel-like liquid was dripped in when the particle was removed.

Will clarity of vision be restored in the injured eye? Should I continue to take what was prescribed? Is it important to find Oftogel?

Foreign body of the eye and orbit

FOREIGN BODY OF THE EYE AND ORBITS. Foreign bodies can penetrate into various parts adnexa eyes, eyeball and orbit. Depending on the location of penetration, foreign bodies of the eyelids, mucous membrane, cornea, eyeball and orbit are distinguished.

• Foreign body of the eye and orbit
• Eye hurts after foreign body removal
• Feeling
• Symptoms
• First aid
• Treatment and removal
• Magazine headings
• What to do if a speck gets into your eye - first aid for an adult or child
• First aid algorithm for removing specks from the outer part of the eye in an adult:
• If your baby gets sand in his eyes, you need to do the following:
• What not to do if there is a foreign body in the eye - pay attention!
• When it is necessary to remove a foreign body from the outer part of the eye - how is the treatment performed in the clinic?
• If during the diagnosis the ophthalmologist finds out that the foreign body is located in the layers of the conjunctiva or cornea, the following manipulations are performed:
• Recommendations for patients after removing a speck from the eye
• Foreign body in the eye
• Symptoms of a foreign body in the eye:
• Reasons
• Diagnosis of a foreign body in the eye
• Treatment
• Make an appointment with a doctor:
• Reasons
• Symptoms and signs
• Diagnostics
• How to remove speck from your eye
• What not to do
• Treatment
• Prevention

The most common foreign bodies are conjunctival, corneal and intraocular foreign bodies.

Foreign body of the conjunctiva of the eyelids and eyeball. Etiology and pathogenesis. Depending on the force of the flight, foreign bodies that fall on the conjunctiva remain on its surface or are embedded in its tissue. Usually these are small particles of earth, grains of sand, particles of coal, stone, metal, hairs of some caterpillars, hard hairs of cereal plants, burdock, etc. A foreign body violates the integrity of the conjunctival epithelium. When introduced into the conjunctiva, an infiltrate appears around the foreign body. Caterpillar hairs embedded in the conjunctival tissue after a few days cause the development of granulations that resemble tuberculous lesions of the conjunctiva. Granulations consist of lymphocytes, epithelioid and giant cells.

A foreign body of the conjunctiva causes irritation of the eye - photophobia, blepharospasm, pain, foreign body sensation. With focal illumination or biomicroscopy, a foreign body lying on the conjunctiva or embedded in its tissue is determined. Conjunctival injection of the eye is expressed in varying degrees. Thanks to reflexive blinking movements and increased tear production, the foreign body can move and most often linger for inner surface eyelid in a groove running along the edge of the eyelid. It is therefore necessary to turn out the upper eyelid and carefully examine its mucous membrane, as well as the transitional fold. When hairs from cereal plants and burdocks penetrate into the conjunctiva, severe irritation of the eye occurs. When the eyelid is everted, a limited inflammatory focus is found on the conjunctiva with the development of papillae, in the center of which there is a hair. Often this hair causes desquamation of the epithelium of the corresponding area of ​​the cornea.

The diagnosis is not difficult and is made on the basis of anamnesis, symptoms of eye irritation and the detection of a foreign body during examination of the conjunctiva.

Ambulance and emergency care. Superficially located foreign bodies are removed with a cotton swab moistened disinfectant solution(2% boric acid, ethacridine lactate solution 1:1000, etc.). When a foreign body is introduced into the conjunctival tissue, a 0.5% dicaine solution is injected into the eye and the foreign body is removed with a special needle or a grooved chisel. The plant hair embedded in the conjunctival tissue is removed with tweezers. If this fails, then a section of the conjunctiva is excised along with the embedded hair. Multiple small particles of coal, gunpowder, and grains of sand embedded under the conjunctiva should not be removed unless they cause irritation. Large fragments of stone, coal, glass that cause eye irritation are removed. Fragments of reactive metal (iron, copper, brass, etc.) embedded under the conjunctiva should also be removed, since when they oxidize, they can cause changes in surrounding tissues.

Treatment. After removing the foreign body, a 30% solution of sodium sulfacyl, a 0.25% solution of synthomycin, a solution of furatsilin 1: 5000 is instilled into the conjunctival sac, or 10% sodium sulfacyl ointment is placed behind the eyelids. For 3-4 days, disinfectant drops (0.3% solution of chloramphenicol, 0.5% solution of monomycin) are injected into the conjunctival sac.

The prognosis is favorable. After removal of the foreign body, the phenomena of eye irritation quickly disappear.

Foreign body of the cornea. Etiology and pathogenesis. A foreign body entering the eye, depending on its structure, the presence of sharp edges or teeth, as well as the speed of flight, either remains on the surface of the cornea or is embedded into its tissue to different depths. Metal particles are usually embedded deep into the corneal tissue. Foreign bodies violate the integrity of the epithelium of the cornea, thereby creating conditions for possible development infections (see Keratitis). After several hours of residence in the corneal tissue, a thin rim of infiltrate is almost always visible around the foreign body. The vessels of the eye react to the introduction of a foreign body with a pericorneal injection.

Clinical picture. Complaints of photophobia, lacrimation, blepharospasm, pain in the eye, feeling of a “grain of sand in the eye.” Conjunctival or mixed injection of the eye is observed. The cornea contains a foreign body of various sizes and locations. It can be on the surface of the cornea or in its tissue (superficial, middle, deep layers). A foreign body located in the deep layers can penetrate one end into the anterior chamber. Foreign bodies can also be multiple and of varying depth. If a superficial foreign body has not been removed for any reason, it may gradually be rejected by demarcating inflammation. A chemically inactive foreign body located in the middle or deep layers of the cornea can encyst or give rise to purulent keratitis.

The diagnosis is made based on the detection of a foreign body in the cornea, which usually looks like a small gray, yellowish or dark dot. To determine the nature and depth of a foreign body, focal illumination and biomicroscopy are used. If there are many foreign bodies in the cornea located at different depths, it is determined by radiography and gonioscopy whether there are foreign bodies that have penetrated into the anterior chamber.

Ambulance and emergency care. The foreign body is removed after first introducing a 0.5% dicaine solution into the conjunctival sac. A foreign body lying on the surface of the cornea is removed using a cotton swab moistened with a 2% solution boric acid. Foreign bodies embedded in the cornea are removed with a foreign body spear or a grooved chisel. When soft steel particles penetrate the cornea, a rim of rust quickly forms around them. After removing the foreign body, the area must be carefully scraped out. Rough removal of a foreign body can lead to the development of opacities and the appearance of irregular astigmatism, which contributes to a decrease in visual acuity, especially if the foreign body is located in the optical zone of the cornea.

The smallest particles of coal, stone, sand, gunpowder, glass can remain in the deep layers of the cornea without a visible reaction and in these cases cannot be removed. Foreign bodies that easily oxidize and cause the formation of infiltrate (iron, steel, copper, brass, lead) should be removed from the deep layers of the cornea. If there are multiple foreign bodies in the cornea located at different depths, it is necessary to clarify whether they penetrate into the anterior chamber.

In case of severe purulent infiltration around a foreign body, you should carefully clear the infiltrated area with a spear-shaped needle, remove the splinter and, if possible, bacteriological examination contents of the infiltrate. A foreign body is removed from the deep layers of the cornea with great care because of the danger of perforating the cornea or pushing a fragment into the anterior chamber. A symptom of corneal perforation is partial or complete emptying of the anterior chamber. If the cornea is perforated or a fragment enters the anterior chamber, the patient is sent to the hospital.

After removing the foreign body, disinfectant drops (0.25% solution of syntomycin; 0.5% solution of monomycin, etc.) are injected into the eye and a disinfectant is applied eye ointment: 20% sodium sulfacyl ointment, 1% tetracycline, 1% oxytetracycline, 1% biomycin, etc. Apply a monocular sterile bandage.

Treatment. Over the next 3-5 days, disinfectant drops (0.25% solution of synthomycin, 30% solution of sodium sulfacyl, etc.) are installed into the conjunctival sac 4-5 times a day. After removal of the foreign body in cases of severe purulent infiltration, the defect in the corneal tissue is extinguished once with 1% alcohol solution brilliant green and sprinkled with sodium sulfacyl powder. Benzylpenicillin ED is injected under the conjunctiva. sodium salt or streptomycin sulfate. Apply 20% sodium sulfacyl ointment to the eyelids. Eye patches are not applied.

Subsequently, treatment is carried out as for purulent keratitis (see Keratitis).

Forecast. Superficial foreign bodies of the cornea do not leave marks. After removal of foreign bodies from the deep layers of the cornea, opacities of varying intensity remain in their place, reducing visual acuity to one degree or another.

Foreign body in the eye cavity. Etiology and pathogenesis. Foreign bodies enter the eye when the outer capsule (cornea or sclera) is perforated. These are most often fragments flying off from the workpiece, hammer, chisel, and fragments formed during various types of explosions. Intraocular foreign bodies are often metal (about 90%), much less common are fragments of stone, glass, wood, etc. The reaction of eye tissue to the presence of a foreign body depends on its size, chemical composition, microbial contamination, localization, and duration of stay in the eye. The immediate result of an eye injury from a large fragment can be crushing and death. When small chemically active fragments of iron, steel, copper and other metals get into the eye, changes in the eye depend mainly on the development of reactive inflammation in the tissues. Prolonged stay of such fragments in the eye leads to recurrent outbreaks of iridocyclitis, the formation of persistent opacities and mottles in the vitreous body, secondary glaucoma, retinal dystrophy and detachment, siderosis and chalcosis of the eye. Small chemically inactive foreign bodies (stone, coal, gunpowder, etc.) become encysted and usually do not cause eye irritation. If an infected foreign body enters the eye cavity, purulent inflammation may occur (see Endophthalmitis, Panophthalmitis). Wood particles, penetrating into the eye cavity, lead to rapid development purulent iridocyclitis or endophthalmitis.

Clinical picture. When a foreign body is introduced into the eye cavity, there is always an entrance hole in the cornea or sclera various sizes. The edges of the wound may be reshaped or it may gape. The gaping of the wound is often accompanied by prolapse of the internal membranes, the vitreous body, as well as massive hemorrhage into the vitreous body (see Hemophthalmos). In some cases, the entrance hole is not detected. This is observed in cases where it is located outside the part of the eye visible during examination. When a fragment passes through the cornea, the anterior chamber often becomes shallow, and sometimes a hyphema appears in it. A hole of various sizes and shapes can be found in the iris. When the wound is centrally located, there is usually no hole in the iris, but there is a violation of the integrity of the lens and its clouding of varying intensity. Often a foreign body can be seen at the bottom of the anterior chamber, in the iris or in the lens. When a fragment penetrates the sclera, the iris and lens are usually not damaged. In such cases, a hemorrhage or an air bubble often appears in the vitreous body, and a fragment is visible during ophthalmoscopy. The majority of foreign bodies (80-85%) are localized in the posterior part of the eye (vitreous body, intraocular membranes). Foreign bodies in the anterior section (anterior chamber, iris, lens, ciliary body) are much less common.

Diagnosis is made based on history, clinical findings and x-ray examination. Studies using focal illumination, transmitted light, ophthalmoscopy and biomicroscopy are required.

Foreign bodies in the corner of the anterior chamber are detected during gonioscopy. Using radiography, the presence of a foreign body in the eye is determined in two projections (anterior and lateral), its size, shape and location are determined. To localize a foreign body, the Komberg-Baltik method is used. A special prosthesis with four lead points is put on the eye, which divide the circumference of the limbus into 4 equal parts. Then, special measuring circuits are applied to the obtained radiographs, which are used to determine the meridian of the fragment, its distance from the plane of the limbus and from the anatomical axis of the eye.

To detect non-metallic foreign bodies and very small (point-like) metallic ones in the anterior part of the eye, the method of non-skeletal radiography is used. At the same time, thanks to the special positioning of the patient’s head, the rays pass through the anterior part of the eye, bypassing bone formations eye sockets. With conventional radiography, faint shadows from these foreign bodies are overlapped by the shadows of the skull bones. To clarify the localization, tomography and stereoradiography are also used. Ultrasound echography allows you to identify and localize particles of stone and glass that do not contrast on radiography.

When the fragment is located near the wall using transscleral and transpupillary transillumination, it is sometimes possible to see its shadow. To diagnose metallic foreign bodies, a metallophone is also used, which changes the sound of the device when the tip approaches a metallic foreign body located in the eye. To identify the magnetic properties of a fragment located in the anterior part of the eye, you can use a permanent magnet (displacement or vibration test). During this test the body permanent magnet bring it to the patient’s temple on the side of the eye being examined and observe the position of the fragment.

In case of transparent media and the presence of a metal fragment in the vitreous body or in the fundus magnetic properties can be determined by a special breakdown. The patient's head is placed in the solenoid magnet ring, then the current is turned on and, under the control of an ophthalmoscope, the oscillatory movements of the magnetic fragment are monitored (the non-magnetic fragment remains motionless).

Ambulance and emergency care. If the eye is injured, the patient is injected with antitetanus serum (1500 or 3000 IU, depending on the degree of contamination of the wound). Disinfectant drops (0.3% solution of chloramphenicol or synthomycin, 30% solution of sodium sulfacyl, 0.5% solution of monomycin, 20% solution of sodium sulfapyridazine, etc.) are injected into the damaged eye. The wound is powdered with chloramphenicol or sodium sulfacyl powder. An antibiotic is administered intramuscularly (IU of benzylpenicillin sodium salt, IU of streptomycin sulfate, IU of monomycin or another antibiotic).

The administration of benzylpenicillin sodium salt, or monomycin, or streptomycin-calcium chloride complex under the conjunctiva is also indicated. This procedure is performed only by an ophthalmologist. After this, the patient is put on a sterile binocular bandage or urgently transported to an eye hospital in a lying position. The referral must include a note about the administration of antitetanus serum and other medications to the patient.

For prevention, see Trauma to the organ of vision.

Treatment. Foreign bodies that have penetrated into the eye cavity, as a rule, must be urgently removed. Magnetic foreign bodies from the anterior part of the eye (anterior and posterior chambers, iris and lens) are removed anteriorly, i.e. through a limbal or corneal incision. If the fragment is located in the corner of the anterior chamber, then even before the incision, they try to move it using a magnet to a position more convenient for removal. If unsuccessful, the foreign body is removed through an incision in the sclera, 1.5-2 mm away from the limbus. If the fragment is localized in the posterior chamber, the method of its removal depends on the condition of the lens. If the lens is transparent, an iridotomy (or iridectomy) is performed over the fragment and it is moved with a magnet into the anterior chamber. During this operation, the lens is not damaged. If the lens is cloudy, then the fragment from the posterior chamber is removed into the anterior chamber through the pupil.

In the first days after injury, a foreign body from the transparent lens can be removed using a magnet into the anterior chamber through a wound defect in the lens bag and removed through an incision in the cornea. In more late dates after injury, when a scar has already formed on the anterior lens capsule, the foreign body is removed with a magnet after an incision in the cornea in the limbus and careful opening of the anterior lens capsule. Removal of the fragment from the ciliary body and posterior part of the eye is carried out via the diascleral route, after precise localization of the foreign body and determination of the location of the incision on the sclera closest to its location. If the edges of the wound are poorly adapted or it gapes, then before diascleral removal of the foreign body, the wound is treated with sutures. A splinter can be removed through a wound hole only if the edges of the wound are not stuck together and the splinter is located close to it. Significant technical difficulties arise in removing fragments located far beyond the equator of the eye (20 mm or more from the limbus). It is advisable to first transfer such fragments with a magnet to the anterior part of the vitreous body and, after localization, remove them via the diascleral route. In cases where the fragment cannot be transferred, long intraocular magnet tips are used, which are inserted into the eye through the flat part of the ciliary body until it comes into contact with the fragment.

It is more difficult to remove non-magnetic foreign bodies from the eye. From the anterior part of the eye, fragments are removed anteriorly. For this purpose, iris tweezers with transverse cuts on the jaws (without teeth), spoon tweezers, and sometimes a thin cataract spatula are used. The fragment located in the thickness of the iris, after a limbal or corneal incision, is grabbed with tweezers and removed. If this fails, the foreign body is removed along with a piece of the iris. The fragment is removed from the angle of the anterior chamber with tweezers after cutting the sclera at a distance of 1.5-2 mm from the limbus. If a fragment is found in the posterior chamber, an iridectomy is performed in the area of ​​its occurrence and removed with tweezers. Small amagnetic copper-containing fragments can remain in the lens for a long time without causing chalcosis. With the development of cataracts, swelling of the lens or chalcosis of the eye, it is recommended to remove the foreign body along with the lens (in adults - encapsularly, in children - extracapsularly).

Amagnetic fragments are removed from the ciliary and vitreous bodies via the diascleral route. Special difficulties arise when removing small fragments located in the vitreous body far from the membranes of the eye and from the plane of the limbus. It is easier to remove a large fragment located near the wall and not very far from the limbus. It is recommended to remove copper-containing fragments (brass, copper, bronze) from the vitreous body 2-3 days after injury. During this time, a dense exudate forms around the fragment, which prevents its movement and serves as a guide for finding the fragment. Medium and large copper-containing fragments (2.5-5 mm or more), not promptly removed from the eye cavity, lead to the development of endophthalmitis (see).

Removing a non-magnetic fragment from the vitreous body has its own characteristics, the implementation of which determines the success of the operation. After anesthesia and immobilization of the eyeball, preventive diathermocoagulation, the application of provisional scleral sutures and a sufficient U- or L-shaped incision of the sclera, the choroid and retina are carefully separated with a thin spatula and a grayish-yellow exudate is looked for. Then the exudate is separated with a thin spatula, the fragment is released, grabbed with tweezers and removed. After this, provisional scleral sutures are tied. Removal of non-magnetic fragments from the vitreous is facilitated special tools(endoscopes, signal tweezers, collet tweezers, etc.). After removing the fragment from the eye (magnetic or non-magnetic), local and general treatment is carried out (see Trauma to the organ of vision, treatment).

The prognosis for the preservation of vision and the eye itself is always serious and depends mainly on the severity of the damage, complications that arise, as well as timely and correct treatment.

Foreign bodies of the orbit. Etiology and pathogenesis. Foreign bodies enter the orbit, as a rule, through the eyelids and conjunctiva. They can be magnetic or non-magnetic, have different shapes, sizes and are embedded in different parts of the orbit. Sometimes a piece of metal gets into the eye socket after a double perforation of the eyeball. Foreign bodies made of iron, steel, cast iron, lead, aluminum and other metals, as well as glass and stone fragments are well tolerated by the tissues of the orbit. Large fragments of copper, penetrating into the orbit, can lead to an aseptic purulent process. Pieces of wood usually lead to the development of a septic purulent process in the orbit.

Clinical picture. There is an entrance wound opening on the eyelids or conjunctiva. Usually the eyelids and conjunctiva are swollen, there is exophthalmos of varying degrees, and possible superior orbital fissure syndrome (complete ophthalmoplegia, loss of skin sensitivity in the area of ​​innervation of the first branch trigeminal nerve and impaired sensitivity of the cornea). In some cases, a foreign body penetrates the eye socket with such force that it causes damage to its walls. The large wing is most often damaged sphenoid bone. Having pierced the wall of the orbit, a foreign body can enter the nasal cavity or one of the accessory cavities.

The fragment can damage one of the rectus muscles of the eye, then double vision (diplopia) occurs. When a foreign body is introduced into the posterior part of the orbit, damage to the optic nerve can occur. In this case, a sharp decrease in visual acuity occurs, leading to blindness. A foreign body located at the superior orbital fissure can cause damage to the first branch of the trigeminal nerve. As a result, decreased sensitivity of the upper eyelid and neuroparalytic keratitis often occur. This may be accompanied by spastic entropion of the lower eyelid.

The diagnosis is made on the basis of anamnesis, careful clinical examination and orbital radiography.

Urgent and emergency assistance. If the orbit is injured, the patient is injected with antitetanus serum (1500-3000 IU), a sterile bandage is applied and urgently sent to an eye hospital.

Treatment. The wound is treated surgically. If the foreign body is located close to the surface of the wound, it is removed, especially if it is pieces of wood. The issue of removing other foreign bodies from the orbit is decided by monitoring over time. In the are-active state, the fragment is not removed; massive doses of antibiotics and sulfonamides are prescribed.

The prognosis is determined by the severity and location of the damage, as well as the size and nature of the foreign body. The prognosis for vision preservation is good if the optic nerve is not damaged.

Source: eye after removal of a foreign body

A foreign body getting into the eye is a fairly common situation. It could be a grain of sand, a speck, an eyelash. For people of certain professions, a foreign body can be metal, plastic or wood shavings, various chemicals, and small insects.

Feeling

As a rule, workers of certain professions (welders, lumberjacks, etc.) are susceptible to foreign bodies getting into the eye. Therefore, for safety, they are recommended to wear safety glasses when working.

Sometimes weather conditions (strong wind, dust storm, etc.) also pose a risk of foreign body damage to the eye. There is no need to expose yourself to the risk of eye damage; it is better to wait out the bad weather at home. If this is not possible for some reason, you should also wear safety glasses.

Very often, the presence of a foreign body in the eye is noted by people wearing contact lenses. This occurs due to non-compliance with the rules of wearing them (carefully removing them, ensuring sterility, etc.), when minor injuries to the surface of the eyeball occur, causing this sensation.

Symptoms

• A burning sensation in the injured eye, soreness and redness;
• Increased tear production;
• Possible deterioration of vision;
• Increased sensitivity to bright light.

Even after removing the foreign body from the eye, the listed symptoms persist for some time - until the irritation caused by it passes.

First aid

What should you do if a speck of dust gets into your eye and there is no eye doctor nearby? Under no circumstances should you rub your eye. Try to carefully remove the speck with the tip of sterile gauze or a clean handkerchief and rinse the eye with plenty of running water, or preferably tea.

After this, it is good to drip eye drops: chloramphenicol or albucid: for adults - a 30% solution, for children - a solution of a lower concentration. Even if the pain gradually disappears after instillation, treatment should not be stopped. It is necessary to continue instillation every 2 - 2.5 hours on the first day and three times a day in subsequent days.

Dexamethasone and Taufon drops will help remove residual redness of the protein. But keep in mind: without consulting a doctor, drops should not be used for more than a few days.

If the scratch from a foreign body is deep enough, then self-medication will not help. Only a specialist after a special examination will be able to prescribe the correct complex treatment, including ointments, drops, eye washes.

Treatment and removal

First of all, you need to take a mirror and carefully examine eyeball. If you see a speck, take a cotton swab or a clean tissue and carefully remove the foreign object from the eye. You can also rinse your eye clean water room temperature. Keep your eye open and rinse until the pain stops. Sometimes the sensation of a foreign body in the eye persists even after removing the speck, but it is less pronounced.

In some cases, a natural method of cleansing – tears – is also effective. Gently lift the upper eyelid with your fingers and hold it until a tear appears in the eye. The cornea of ​​the human eye boasts powerful protective reflexes that quickly remove most small surface particles through increased blinking and tear production.

If all else fails and the foreign body sensation in the eye persists, visit an ophthalmologist. Sometimes a foreign body does not end up on the mucous membrane, but in the submucosal layer of the eye, and it is prohibited to remove it from there at home. If a foreign object is located in the cornea, sclera or conjunctiva, it should only be removed by a specialist. Attempting to remove a foreign body from the eye yourself is dangerous and can lead to an intraocular infection or the formation of a rough scar that can negatively affect visual acuity.

Superficial foreign bodies are usually removed from the eye in the doctor's office. First, the specialist instills pain-relieving drops, after which he carefully removes the foreign object using a special microscope - a slit lamp. After this procedure, the patient is prescribed anti-inflammatory and antibacterial drops or ointments to prevent the development of the inflammatory process.

As for intraocular foreign bodies, they are removed in the operating room using a microscope, special equipment and instruments. Such injuries are serious, they threaten not only vision, but also the safety of the eyeball, and therefore must be operated on urgently.

If a foreign body in the eye has caused minor superficial damage to the cornea, antibiotic ointment is recommended to treat such an ailment. For more serious damage to the cornea, it is necessary additional treatment. The pupil should always be dilated - this effect can be achieved by using special preparations (1% atropine solution). In addition, antibiotic drops are instilled into the damaged eye and a bandage is applied to completely prevent the penetration of light. Fortunately, the epithelium that covers the eyeball recovers very quickly - even serious damage heal under a bandage within 1 – 3 days.

Source: magazine

The algorithm of action when a foreign object hits the surface of the eye will depend on its nature and the degree of damage to the conjunctiva or cornea. For example, you can remove an eyelash, a small grain of sand, or a small midge yourself. If the case involves fragments of wood, metal or glass, the victim must urgently go to the hospital for help. Further treatment tactics will be determined by the ophthalmologist after carrying out certain diagnostic procedures.

What to do if a speck gets into your eye - first aid for an adult or child

Before starting any therapeutic measures to remove a foreign body at home, you need to assess the nature of its placement.

If the speck is localized on the inside of the upper/lower eyelid, on the surface of the eye, you can try to pull it out yourself.

First aid algorithm for removing specks from the outer part of the eye in an adult:

1. Initially, you should find a well-lit room with a mirror and examine the outside of the eye. At this stage, it is important to determine the location of this speck and its nature (sand, eyelash, shavings, etc.).
2. If a superficial examination turns out to be inconclusive, you need to rotate the eyeball or blink, loosely squeezing your eyelids, until tears appear. In some cases, such manipulation helps the speck to come out. You can also run your finger along your closed eyelids in the direction from the temple to the bridge of the nose. Do not rub your eyelids too vigorously: this may cause injury to the eye.
3. If the above procedures are ineffective, you can try taking water into your palms or an iron bowl, lowering your face into it with your eyes open and try blinking. As alternative option You can use a small syringe or syringe with water to gently rinse the eye.
4. If the speck is “hidden” behind the upper eyelid, it should be pulled towards the lower eyelid, while the eyes should be lowered down. This may expel the foreign body into the middle of the eye.
5. It is necessary to remove a foreign body from the lower eyelid using a handkerchief folded in a corner, a cotton pad, or a paper napkin. The cotton swab must be moistened before use.
6. After removing the speck, you need to drop antiseptics into the eye: Tsiprolet, Okomestin so that the liquid comes out. If anti-inflammatory eye drops are not available, you can use chilled boiled water.
7. If shavings get into your eyes, you should not close your eyes: the upper and lower eyelids are examined using a cotton swab, which is placed vertically in the middle of the eyelid. With the other hand you need to pull the eyelashes, causing the eyelid to evert out. Next, a syringe with water will be useful: you can use it to wash the shavings. Instilling eye anesthetics into the eyes will help temporarily relieve discomfort. After these activities, you should in any case see an ophthalmologist!
8. Sometimes, after removing a foreign body from the surface of the eye, the victim continues to feel discomfort. Similar phenomenon may occur if a foreign body scratches the mucous membrane of the eye. In such situations, you should also use antiseptic drops.

Removing debris from under the upper eyelid

Removing a foreign body from under the lower eyelid

For young children, the most pressing problem is sand getting into their eyes. Therefore, parents who are going to the playground with their child every time should put alcohol-free wet wipes and a bottle of water in their bag.

If your baby gets sand in his eyes, you need to do the following:

1. Shake the sand off the face and rinse the child's hands with water or wipe them with a damp cloth.
2. Upon arrival home, your eyes should be rinsed with water for 15 minutes. If a child cries, you should not pay attention to it: tears favor the release of sand.
3. At the end of the procedure, antiseptic drops (Vigamox, Okomestin) should be placed in the baby’s eyes.

What not to do if there is a foreign body in the eye - pay attention!

• Strong rubbing of the eye in attempts to remove specks. This procedure can cause harm to the conjunctiva and cornea.
• Removing metal shavings from the surface of the eye using a magnet, tweezers or a cotton pad. In the same case, if the metal was removed by washing with water, the victim should still be examined by an ophthalmologist.
• Instillation of the eyes with honey, aloe juice, or other means recommended by traditional medicine.
• Try to remove a piece of glass or a large grain of sand from the surface of the eye - especially if it is stuck in the iris of the organ of vision. In such cases, you should not squint your eyes too much or blink frequently. The victim should cover the sore eye sterile wipe and go to the hospital immediately!

When it is necessary to remove a foreign body from the outer part of the eye - how is the treatment performed in the clinic?

If during the diagnosis the ophthalmologist finds out that the foreign body is located in the layers of the conjunctiva or cornea, the following manipulations are performed:

1. To carry out the procedure, the patient must take sitting position. A slit lamp provides good visibility of the surgical site.
2. Pain relief for a sore eye. Often a 5% solution of Novocaine is used, which is dripped 2 times with a break of several minutes. When strongly small sizes It is very difficult to identify a foreign body. In these cases, the doctor first instills the eye with drops that contain fluorescein. Thanks to this dye, the surgeon can easily remove the stuck fragment.
3. To remove a foreign body, use a sterile spear or insulin needle. With their participation, with light, sweeping movements, the doctor removes a fragment stuck in the conjunctiva or cornea.
4. Using a so-called sterile bur, the operator cleans out the “rusty ring,” if any. A special magnet is used to remove metal fragments.

After this procedure, the operating area is washed antiseptics and prescribe a course of local antibiotic therapy.

The patient is sent home on the same day.

Recommendations for patients after removing a speck from the eye

If you remove the speck yourself, the victim should rinse his eyes with chamomile decoction or weak tea for several days.

To prepare an antiseptic decoction, pour 3 tbsp. chamomile inflorescences with a glass of boiling water and leave for 1-2 hours.

For a similar procedure, you can purchase anti-inflammatory eye drops at the pharmacy.

If it remains severe discomfort After removing the speck yourself, lacrimation, pain, you should immediately contact an ophthalmologist for a consultation!

• When removing a foreign body from the surface of the eye in outpatient setting Upon returning home, the patient must promptly instill drops into the affected eye or place a special ointment behind the eyelid (as prescribed by the doctor).
• When going outside, it is imperative to cover the sore area with a special bandage.
• For the first 5 days after treatment in the clinic, you should refrain from playing sports, visiting swimming pools, and saunas.

Considered pathological condition It can develop against the background of an unhealthy lifestyle, or it can be a symptom of a serious pathology. In the first case, the symptoms are minimal or absent altogether, and to normalize intraocular pressure it will be enough to reconsider your lifestyle. If the increase in IOP was ... → →

This pathology is a degenerative eye disease, which is not inflammatory in nature, and often extends to both organs of vision. The main target of the disease is the cornea, which as a result pathological processes becomes thin, takes on a cone shape and changes its optical properties. Keratoconus… → →

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Source: body in the eye

The sensation of a foreign body in the eye is well known to almost every person. It occurs when a small speck, small insect, etc. gets into the eye. A foreign body in the eye is one of the main causes of damage to its structures (conjunctiva, sclera, cornea). It can be located superficially or penetrate inside the eyeball. Any injury caused to the eye by a foreign body is potentially dangerous to vision function.

Symptoms of a foreign body in the eye:

• A burning sensation in the injured eye, soreness and redness;
• Increased tear production;
• Possible deterioration of vision;
• Increased sensitivity to bright light.

Even after removing the foreign body from the eye, the listed symptoms persist for some time - until the irritation caused by it passes.

Most often, a foreign body entering the eye is observed in workers of certain professions (stone cutters, lumberjacks, etc.). Therefore, to protect their eyesight, they are recommended to wear safety glasses while working.

During strong winds, dust storms also exist high risk foreign body getting into the eyes. It is best to wait out the bad weather at home. If for some reason this is not possible, then safety glasses should also be used.

People who wear contact lenses often experience a sensation of a foreign body in the eye. If the rules for wearing them are not followed (sterility, careful removal, etc.), minor injuries to the superficial structures of the eyeball occur, which are manifested by sensations of a foreign body in the eye.

Diagnosis of a foreign body in the eye

The presence of a foreign body in the eye usually does not cause difficulties in diagnosis. In most cases, the doctor makes a diagnosis based on the patient’s characteristic complaints and ophthalmological examination data. If necessary, the doctor can gently pull down the lower eyelid or turn out the upper eyelid to make sure there are no foreign bodies underneath.

With penetrating wounds of the eyeball, when a foreign body penetrates inside, the examination of patients becomes more complicated and includes:

• Checking visual acuity;
• Examination of the eye using an ophthalmoscope;
• Slit lamp examination;
• X-ray;
• Ultrasound diagnostics.

Treatment of patients begins with removal of the foreign body from the eye. For pain relief, anesthetic drops, for example 0.25% dicaine, are instilled into the affected eye. Then the foreign body is directly removed using a sterile cotton swab soaked in sterile distilled water. In cases where the foreign body is very small in diameter and cannot be detected during a routine examination, eye drops containing a special dye, fluorescein, are instilled into the damaged eye. Thanks to it, the foreign body becomes noticeable, and the doctor can remove it without much difficulty.

For minor damage to the cornea, after removing the foreign body from the eye, the patient is prescribed eye ointment with antibiotics. It should be applied for 2 – 3 days.

If there is significant damage to the cornea after removing a foreign body from the eye, the patient is prescribed instillation of drops that dilate the pupil (1% solution of atropine sulfate). In addition, antibiotic eye drops should be instilled several times a day. To protect the damaged eye from the irritating effects of light, apply a bandage to it. Treatment is continued for 3 to 5 days.

If there is a deep foreign body in the eye, the patient may require surgery to remove it.

Video from YouTube on the topic of the article:

The information is generalized and is provided for informational purposes. At the first signs of illness, consult a doctor. Self-medication is dangerous to health!

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Source: see a doctor:

A foreign body in the eye is a particle of an object that is carried onto the membrane of the eye with the influx of wind. Also, a foreign body can be brought in through everyday life. Today, foreign bodies are the main cause of severe injuries to the eye and its membranes, since they easily penetrate the eyeball and can cause complications such as blepharitis, keratitis, conjunctivitis, hemophthalmos (hemorrhage), cataracts, glaucoma, retinal detachment, endophthalmitis, etc. Otherwise, foreign particles can lead to complete loss of vision.

Depending on where the foreign body has entered, lesions of the cornea, conjunctiva, eyelids, orbit and the eyeball itself are distinguished. Another classification of foreign bodies is depending on the magnetic abilities of foreign bodies (magnetic and non-magnetic).

Reasons

The reasons for foreign bodies getting into the eye are different, but the following are worth highlighting:

• failure to comply with personal hygiene rules - for this reason, foreign bodies most often end up in the eyes of children who do not wash their hands (for example, in the sandbox) and rub their eyes with them. Most often, grains of sand, tiny debris, and dust appear on the eye;
• industrial injuries - occur if the victim works in a hazardous industry, where there is a need to process wood and metal on a machine. Quite often, tiny particles can take the wrong trajectory and hit the eye at high speed, penetrate inside and lead to serious injury;
• wind - if a strong wind blows in your face, then it will, without a doubt, raise dust, particles of earth, various kinds of small chips, etc. from the ground;
• contact lenses – if handled correctly, contact lenses do not cause harm to a person, but if you change them with dirty hands, you can get foreign bodies on your fingers;
• wearing woolen clothes - when pulled over the head wool sweaters The finest fibers may remain on the eyelashes, which then imperceptibly fall from the eyelashes onto the eyes.

Symptoms and signs

The membrane of the eyeball is so delicate that when a foreign body comes into contact with it, it immediately responds in the form of characteristic symptoms. However, the symptoms are not the same in all parts of the eye - there are even cases where the penetration of metal shavings is painless, and sometimes the lint leads to dire consequences. Among them, the classic symptoms of mote are:

• an unpleasant feeling of the presence of a foreign body, a feeling of discomfort;
• pain in the eye;
• lacrimation;
• pain when opening the eyelid;
• bleeding;
• itching, desire to rub the eye;
• forced drooping of the eyelid;
• decreased quality of vision;
• feeling of a veil before the eyes.

Diagnostics

A primary role in diagnosing a foreign body is played by anamnesis, during which the patient reports its penetration into the eyeball. This significantly narrows the search for a speck, so the doctor can use only a few diagnostic methods to achieve a result. The main examination is carried out by an ophthalmologist who examines the membrane of the eye, the fundus of the eye, and checks the cavity under the upper and lower eyelids.

In case of penetrating damage to the eye, the examination will be carried out using an ophthalmoscope, and it may be necessary to use ultrasound or x-rays.

If the foreign body is small and cannot be detected as a result of a routine examination, then special drops with dye are instilled into the eyes. Thanks to the developing substance, the doctor is able to see the location of the speck and remove it.

How to remove speck from your eye

Removing debris from the eye largely depends on what exactly got into the eye.

Removing wood chips. The shavings are usually not attached to the mucous membrane of the eyelid, so it is quite easy to remove them, but it can be difficult to find this speck. To begin with, you can blink your eyes to feel the location of the chips. If you cannot feel it after blinking, then you need to examine the eyelids. To begin with, the lower eyelid is turned away in front of the mirror and the mucous membrane is carefully examined. When examining the upper eyelid, it is better to use help strangers, if possible. The victim faces the mirror or another person, throws his head back as much as possible, and directs his gaze downward, as if trying to look at his feet. After this, you need to grab the eyelashes and pull the eyelid away from the eye. With your other hand you need to place a hygiene stick on top of the eyelid, parallel to the edge of the eyelid. Next, use a stick to press the eyelid onto the eyeball and try to turn the eyelid onto the stick. After you manage to do this, you can ask someone to examine the mucous membrane or try to do it yourself.

After examining the eyelid, you can try to remove the foreign body with a cotton swab or a piece of soft paper napkin folded into a corner. If the removal of the foreign body does not occur, you must seek qualified medical help. If the foreign body can be removed, the eyes must be dripped with antibacterial eye drops, for example Tobrex, which will help avoid the development of infection. Redness of the eye can be eliminated with drops such as Taufon, Dexamethasone, Albucid. If after self-removal the symptoms of the foreign body do not go away, you should consult a doctor.

Removing metal bodies. They learned to extract metal from the eyes using magnets at the end of the nineteenth century. Since then, this method has taken a strong place in eye surgery. Removal of the metal fragment must be carried out as soon as possible, since when metal is exposed to the liquid environment of the eye, a phenomenon called metallosis occurs. With metallosis in the eye, severe changes in its structural elements develop - the retina, optic nerve, lens. If the metal object is not removed, then within two weeks the structure of the eyeball will show signs of pathological changes. Therefore, if the speck is on the surface of the eye and has not penetrated into it, then the victim can independently or with the help of others remove the metal foreign body.

Removal of dust, lint, insects. Most often, small foreign bodies come out on their own along with tears, which wash them to the surface towards the corner of the eye. If this does not happen, then you can try putting your eye in warm boiled water and blinking your eye in the water. In most cases, this method succeeds in washing the smallest foreign bodies from the surface of the eye. During this procedure, it is important to strictly follow all the rules of hygiene - use only boiled water, clean dishes, and wash your hands with soap before removing the speck.

What not to do

If you couldn’t avoid getting a speck of dirt into your eye, then you need to try to help yourself get it out, following strict recommendations:

• never rub your eyes, which can lead to the penetration of the speck even deeper, injury to the membranes of the eye, and the occurrence of corneal edema;
• try not to open the affected eye without reason, which can lead to the displacement of the speck into a hard-to-reach place and irritation of the surface of the eyeball;
• do not close your eyes, as this action can lead to deeper penetration of the speck into the eye;
• do not hesitate if metal shavings get into your eye, because they quickly oxidize under the influence of salty tears, and the resulting rust causes rapid inflammation;
• Do not use eye drops;
• do not rinse your eyes with running water;
• do not put folk remedies in your eyes;
• If you suspect that you won’t be able to remove the speck yourself, then it’s better not to try so as not to aggravate the situation.

Treatment

In the event that the foreign body could not be removed independently, or it poses a danger to the health of the victim, then it is necessary to deliver the patient as quickly as possible to a medical institution, where he will be treated qualified assistance. It must be remembered that in difficult cases Medical assistance should only be provided by an ophthalmologist.

If a foreign body is on the surface of the eye, the doctor will be able to remove it using a damp swab soaked in an antiseptic, or by jet rinsing with a special solution.

It is possible to remove a speck that has penetrated into the conjunctival cavity only with the use of an anesthetic solution of dicaine, since the procedure is quite painful. The doctor instills the solution, and after the onset of anesthesia, the foreign body is removed with a needle or tweezers. After the foreign body is removed, the eye is washed and sodium sulfacyl is placed behind the eyelids, which must be used for four days after the intervention. Usually, after the speck is removed, the inflammatory reaction of the eye quickly passes, but in some cases the patient may complain of discomfort and a feeling of incomplete removal of the foreign body. This happens if there are microtraumas on the conjunctiva, which give similar sensations.

Foreign bodies can land not only on the membrane of the eye, but also on the cornea. As a rule, these are specks that have forcefully penetrated into the eye, so they can lie quite deep. Among them there are wooden fragments, metal shavings, and glass. Within a few hours after the entry of the speck, an infiltrate appears around it. If the foreign body is not removed, a bag and suppuration will form around it. To confirm the diagnosis, diaphanoscopy and biomicroscopy are additionally performed. To remove a foreign body, an anesthetic is instilled into the eye, and the foreign body is removed with special instruments. A bandage is applied to the eye and a course of antibiotic therapy is prescribed.

Foreign bodies in the cavity of the eye itself are rare - only about ten percent of cases occur as a result of deep injuries, while most foreign bodies fall on the vitreous body, the choroid. The entry of foreign bodies into the eye can lead to opacification of the vitreous body, iridocyclitis, dystrophy and retinal detachment. If a foreign body is large and enters the eye with force, it can lead to crushing of the eye and its death. If a large fragment hits, you can clearly see the entrance hole, through which the inner membranes of the eye, lens, and vitreous body sometimes fall out. Foreign bodies inside the eye are removed surgically, after removal, antibiotic therapy is carried out. The fragment is removed through an incision in the cornea or sclera using an eye magnet or tweezers.

Orbital foreign bodies pass through the eyelids, conjunctiva and eyeball, embedding directly into the orbit. With this injury, not only the eye socket can be damaged, but also the nasal cavity. If a nerve is affected, patients note sharp decline sensitivity of the upper eyelid, visual acuity. In this case, foreign bodies are removed surgically, if necessary, consultation with an otolaryngologist and neurologist is carried out.

Prevention

Prevention of such situations consists of observing personal hygiene rules and industrial safety rules. In order to protect your eyes from foreign bodies, you can wear special glasses that are worn while working on the machine. The enterprise must provide all means of protecting the worker, but if for some reason this is not the case, then the employee must worry about his own health.

Prevention among young children consists of constant supervision of them, and among older children - in holding conversations about the rules of personal hygiene.

A single center for making appointments with a doctor by phone.

Most common cause damage to the eyes (conjunctiva, cornea, sclera) are foreign bodies. Although most of these injuries are minor, penetrating injuries to the eyeball or damage to the cornea complicated by infection are dangerous for vision.

Symptoms

Symptoms of a foreign body in the eye can range from mild discomfort to intense, unbearable pain. It depends on the location, the damaging object and the type of damage.

IN in rare cases When a small and sharp foreign body enters the eye, there may be minimal or no symptoms. If nothing worries you, but there is a suspicion that some object has got inside the eye, you need to seek medical help. The site of penetration of an intraocular foreign body is sometimes almost invisible to the naked eye. Depending on the location, intraocular foreign bodies can cause pain and decreased vision or may not manifest themselves at all at first.

Scratching in the eye

Soreness

Intense pain

Redness

Tearing

Photophobia

Eye irritation - from mild to unbearable

Scratching in the eye

Decreased vision

The eye doesn't open well

Source websight.ru

Hit

A foreign body in the eye can cause mechanical or toxic damage to the organ of vision, inflammatory reactions(conjunctivitis, blepharitis, uveitis, keratitis), hemorrhages and secondary complications (retinal detachment, glaucoma, cataracts and other diseases).

Whether a foreign body is dangerous for vision or the eye depends on its shape and nature, as well as on the extent to which it has entered the eye and where exactly it is located.

The safest thing is for foreign bodies to enter the conjunctival sac. However, if the object is sharp, it may penetrate the sclera or cornea. And if a foreign particle flies into the eye at high speed, it can damage the sclera or cornea, as well as get inside the eyeball, into the lens, onto the retina or into the vitreous body.

If the foreign body consists of copper or iron, metallosis may occur - a dangerous chemical reaction with eye tissues. Metallosis is characterized by decreased visual acuity, twilight blindness, circular narrowing of the visual field and other symptoms.

Prolonged presence of a foreign body in the eye can lead to very serious complications– purulent ulcer of the cornea, inflammation of the inner membranes of the eye, blindness and removal of the eyeball.

Source dolgojit.net

Removal

Damage to the eyeball may be accompanied by the entry of a foreign body into its outer membranes (conjunctiva, cornea, sclera) and into the eye cavity. The presence of foreign bodies in the conjunctiva of the eyelids is accompanied by lacrimation and pain. They are discovered by turning out the eyelids. Foreign bodies of the conjunctiva are removed using a tightly twisted cotton swab moistened with a 2% solution of boric acid.

Foreign bodies of the cornea are very common species damage is usually accompanied by pain, lacrimation, and hyperemia of the conjunctiva of the eyes. Corneal foreign bodies can be complicated by infection and the development of a purulent corneal ulcer, so they need to be removed as quickly as possible. Sometimes foreign bodies can be removed in the same way as from the conjunctiva, after mandatory preliminary anesthesia (instillation of a 0.5% dicaine solution into the eye). When foreign bodies are introduced into the corneal tissue, they are carefully removed (this is done by a doctor) with a special chisel or small spear (see Ophthalmic instruments). After removing foreign bodies, a 30% sodium sulfacyl solution is instilled into the conjunctival sac.

Source medical-enc.ru

Treatment

Treatment of patients begins with removal of the foreign body from the eye. For pain relief, anesthetic drops, for example 0.25% dicaine, are instilled into the affected eye. Then the foreign body is directly removed using a sterile cotton swab soaked in sterile distilled water. In cases where the foreign body is very small in diameter and cannot be detected during a routine examination, eye drops containing a special dye, fluorescein, are instilled into the damaged eye. Thanks to it, the foreign body becomes noticeable, and the doctor can remove it without much difficulty.

For minor damage to the cornea, after removing the foreign body from the eye, the patient is prescribed eye ointment with antibiotics. It should be applied for 2 – 3 days.

If there is significant damage to the cornea after removing a foreign body from the eye, the patient is prescribed instillation of drops that dilate the pupil (1% solution of atropine sulfate). In addition, antibiotic eye drops should be instilled several times a day. To protect the damaged eye from the irritating effects of light, apply a bandage to it. Treatment is continued for 3 to 5 days.

If there is a deep foreign body in the eye, the patient may require surgery to remove it.

Source neboleem.net

Extraction

Removing a foreign body from your own eye or the eye of a victim. To correctly assess the condition, you should examine the eye that has something foreign in it. If no one is around and you have to help yourself, you need to try to find a mirror and then pull back the eyelids of the affected eye. Often the speck is located under the upper or lower eyelid. The same needs to be done if you are helping a stranger - this is much more convenient, since when helping yourself, your eyes reflexively close and water heavily, which makes it difficult to remove the foreign body.

In order to always be ready and, in case of need, to help yourself or your loved ones, you should have Albucid - sodium sulfacyl in the form of eye drops - in your home medicine cabinet. They help well in this case and removing a foreign body from your own eye or the eye of another person is greatly simplified. You should drop one drop of albucid into the affected eye - this will provoke an increase in tear production, in addition, this drug has good disinfectant properties. You need to instill eye drops correctly; to do this, pull back the lower eyelid and drop one or two drops of albucid directly inside. However, it happens that eye drops are not at hand, then a good effect can be achieved by rinsing the affected eye with water, certainly cold.

If the steps taken do not bring results, you should take a cotton swab, which you can make yourself: just wrap a piece of cotton wool around a match, but not tightly, so that the tip remains soft. As a last resort, you can use a clean scarf or towel, with the corner of which you can try to remove the speck. To do this, moisten a cotton swab or corner of a handkerchief with clean water, then pull back the eyelid and remove the foreign body from under it with careful, leisurely movements.

After the removal of the foreign body has been successfully carried out and all its particles and dirt have been removed from the eye, you should still find eye drops and treat the eyes for disinfection purposes.

In the following cases, you need to consult a doctor, since independently removing a foreign body from the affected eye can be fraught with complications.

A) If the rubbish could not be removed independently.

B) In case of entry of a foreign body from an unknown material or capable of damaging the organ of vision: metal, glass debris.

B) If a chemical comes into contact with the eyes.

D) When debris gets into the deep layers of the eye membrane.

D) If after removing a foreign body from the eye, pain, lacrimation, redness, swelling and other symptoms continue for a long time.

Source vashaibolit.ru

A speck that gets into the eye is a foreign body of the eye. It can be of different sizes and shapes, varying degrees of hardness and danger. Your actions directly depend on what gets on the mucous membrane. If the debris floats on its surface and does not cling to the shells, then you can get it out yourself. In other cases, it may be necessary to seek help from others or even visit the emergency room. So, you got a speck in your eye: what to do?

Signs of debris in the eye:

• It hurts to blink, but the frequency of blinking increases;
• Burning sensation at the location of a foreign object;
• Unpleasant feelings in the form of discomfort and pressure;
• Redness of the eye;
• Copious secretion of tears;
• Photophobia (caused by irritation of the outer membranes).

Symptoms can be expressed to a greater or lesser extent, depending on the size of the debris and the nature of its surface (smooth or sharp): the debris either interferes with the eye or pierces the mucous membrane, causing burning pain.

Removing debris from the eye at home

To understand what to do if a foreign object gets into your eye, first find out what it is. It could be:

• Eyelash;
• A speck of dust;
• Hair;
• Midge;
• A crumb of something (chalk, bread);
• Wood or metal shavings;
• Any other body.

To see what kind of speck has got into your eye, do an examination:

Having determined the location of the speck and found out what it is, choose the most convenient method for removing it.

Important! You can remove debris from your eye at home only if it does not have sharp parts. At the same time, it should “float” freely on the surface of the mucosa and not cling to it.

Cotton swab (alternative - handkerchief)

If a speck in the eye is found under the eyelid from below:

• Protrude your eyelid and look down;
• Arm yourself with a cotton swab or a clean paper (fabric) handkerchief;
• Lightly dampen a stick or handkerchief in boiled water(dry objects greatly irritate the delicate mucous membranes);
• Press a stick or handkerchief to the area where the litter was found and remove it.

Important! Before removing a speck of dust from your eye, wash your hands with soap to prevent infection. Use only clean items.

Calling tears

If there is debris in the eye under the upper eyelid, then the easiest way to remove it is to cause an abundance of tears. To do this:

1. Look down;
2. Pull the upper eyelid to the side and down by the eyelashes;
3. Soon you will feel a tear begin to appear. At this moment, it is important not to close the eyelids so that the debris floats freely along with the tear fluid to the lower eyelid or into the inner corner of the eye.

Sometimes after these manipulations the speck comes out of the eye by itself. In other cases, you will have to use a stick with cotton wool or a handkerchief, as described above.

Eye wash

How to remove a foreign body in the eye if it cannot be removed with a tear or a tissue? Then washing the mucous membranes in water will help:

• Way 1. Fill a bowl with water (its temperature should approximately correspond to body temperature). Lower your face so that your eyes are completely submerged in the water. Blink your eyelids quickly. The flow of water should carry away the speck.
• Method 2. Take a bottle of still water and lean over the sink. Open the affected eye as wide as possible and look up or down depending on where the foreign body is located. Rinse the eyeball by pouring water over it. Try not to close your eyelids so that the speck comes out with the stream of water.

Important! It is advisable to use boiled chilled water or store-bought water. baby food. Tap water contains many irritants and may also contain viruses and bacteria.

Magnet

To independently remove a metal foreign body in the eye, simply use a magnet. To do this, open your eyes wide and rotate your eyeballs so as to “expose” the speck. Bring the magnet very close to it, but without touching the mucous membrane. If the object does not dig into the mucous membrane with sharp parts, then it will instantly stick to the magnet.

Help lower eyelashes

How to remove a speck from the eye if it gets on the area of ​​the cornea or under the eyelid from above? Pull the upper eyelid forward and down, as if pulling it over the lower one. In this case, the lower eyelashes should be under the upper eyelid. Now quickly rotate the apples. The eyelashes will play the role of a brush and simply sweep away the speck.

Sugar water

If a speck in the form of a piece of lime gets into your eye, prepare sugar water. To do this, dilute as much sugar in boiled water as it can dissolve. Washing with this solution will not only remove the limescale, but will also help get rid of the discomfort caused by it.

Help from a loved one

If something gets into your eye, but you cannot examine the foreign body and pull it out on your own, ask a loved one to help. It is much easier for another person to look at the eyeball, find and remove the rubbish.

Pulling out a speck that has gotten into a baby's eye

If a child says that something is bothering him in the eye, examine the mucous membranes of the apple for the presence of a foreign body. Then use one of the methods you already know to remove debris.

It is much more difficult when rubbish gets into the baby’s eyes: he cannot tell what is bothering him. But he may rub his eyes, cry, and the mucous membranes of the apples turn red. Since it will not be possible to force the baby to fix his gaze, all that remains is to wait until the speck comes out on its own. If it does not come off with the tear, try rinsing the eye by pouring clean water over it.

There is another, “grandmother’s” method - removing litter with the tongue. You just need to run your tongue over the eyeball.

Important! You can often hear from mothers and grandmothers: “We take out dirty linen from our eyes with our tongue, this is the most safe method" But in reality this is not the case. The tongue is really softer and does not irritate the mucous membranes compared to water. But in oral cavity There are a lot of pathogenic microorganisms in humans. They, especially when scratched on the conjunctiva or cornea, quickly begin to multiply and an infection develops. It is especially dangerous to pull out trash with your tongue if you have recently eaten, have caries or untreated ear, nose and throat diseases.

What to do after successful body extraction?

After you have removed the speck, try to disinfect your eye as quickly as possible to prevent infection. To do this, you can use any antibacterial or antiseptic eye drops:

• Albucid (or Sulfacyl sodium);
• Tobrex;
• Sofradex;
• Other.

If there are no drops, then think about how to wash your eyes to prevent infection. May be suitable:

• Chamomile decoction (1 tablespoon of dry raw materials per 100 ml of boiling water).
• Strong black tea (1 teaspoon per 100 ml of boiling water);
• Furacilin solution (1 tablet per 100 ml of cooled boiled water).

Important! Use new cotton pads to wash your eyes. Bandages and cotton wool are not recommended, as they leave lint on the mucous membrane, further irritating it.

A foreign object with sharp edges gets into the eye: what to do?

If a sharp foreign body gets into the eye, first aid should be provided immediately:

• Try to blink as little as possible to prevent the speck from digging into your mucous membranes;
• Don't turn your gaze for the same reason;
• Close the injured eye and apply a bandage folded in several layers to it;
• Go to the emergency room (if necessary, ask a loved one to accompany you or call an ambulance).

Important! Do not try to get the sharp rubbish out yourself. This is dangerous because it will penetrate more deeply into the mucous membrane. And if the cornea is scratched, this can lead to decreased vision.

Diseases in which there is a sensation of a foreign body in the eye

Sometimes it happens that there is no foreign object in the eyes, but there is a feeling of its presence. To eliminate this symptom, it is necessary to treat the underlying disease. They may be:

• Dry eye syndrome;
• Ophthalmic rosacea (skin disease rosacea that affects the eye membranes);
• Keratitis (inflammation of the cornea);
• Sunburn of the eye;
• Pterygium (growth of the conjunctiva by layering it on top of each other).

Treatment for dry eye syndrome involves using moisturizing drops and reducing time spent at the computer (TV). Pterygium can only be treated with surgery. Treatment of rosacea must be carried out under the supervision of two doctors: an ophthalmologist and a dermatologist. And the treatment of keratitis depends on the nature of the disease: viral forms are treated antiviral drugs, and bacterial - with antibacterial drops or ointments. Sunburn often goes away on its own.

How to protect your eyes from debris?

It is very difficult to protect your eyes from debris that gets into them. You never know when the wind will blow and raise dust and sand into the air. Also, a midge may suddenly fly in. But sometimes the eyes are more susceptible to injury, and then we can reduce the risk of debris. For example, when working with a saw, trimmer, grinder and other devices, as well as sharp materials (glass wool, mineral wool), you must use safety glasses.

Every person encounters a foreign body getting into the eye at least once in their entire life. Usually you can remove the debris yourself. But sometimes you need the help of a loved one, or even a doctor. To preserve your vision, do not leave debris in your eyes, and if you cannot remove it with your own hands or with the help of another person, or after removing it there remains a strong burning sensation, see a doctor immediately.