Self-training a dog obedience course. Dog training at home: secrets of success. Commands for general training

Almost all dogs need training. Even for indoor ornamental breeds, there are the basics of training, which pets simply need to be introduced to, not to mention representatives of serious breeds, and primarily shepherd dogs.

Need for dog training

The dog training system primarily depends on the character pet. – the breed is universal, and most importantly, the dog loves the learning process, no matter what role the owner prepares her for - a security guard, watchman or assistant in the search business. But it should be taken into account that German Shepherd It is impossible to teach all dog wisdom at the same time, since a dog is only capable of performing one specific type of work.

The majestic and graceful animal is trained literally “from the cradle.” Her intellectual development happens quickly. The owner simply needs to meet the puppy’s age from 6 to 10 weeks in order to lay those primary foundations for the formation of the dog’s behavior in society, which the German Shepherd will use throughout its life.

So at what age is a German Shepherd trained and taught basic commands? Immediately when the puppy got into new home– from the first walk, designating the place—Ken for a German Shepherd—, from getting acquainted with the leash and the neighbor’s dogs.

Did you know? From two to five months of life, German Shepherd puppies require maximum attention from their owner.

As soon as the puppy completely switches to independent feeding, and this is about four to six weeks of age, he is taught the first lessons of obedience. This is exactly the moment when starting to train your German Shepherd puppy becomes a necessity.

To prevent an adult dog from conflicting with representatives of other breeds, during this period the shepherd puppy is taught to communicate with other dogs. The process of perception and identification of a person in the “friend or foe” category is complex for an amateur owner, and it is dealt with exclusively by professional dog handlers as soon as the dog reaches a certain age criterion.

Basic principles of training a German Shepherd

Before you start training a German Shepherd, you should remember that a dog grows up in several stages:

Newborn period– stage of the first two weeks of life. A puppy's physiological needs are only warmth, sleep and food. The main indicator of development is the baby’s biotonus - the speed at which the nipple is located, the suction force and the speed of milk absorption. It is these qualities that determine a dog’s life potential.
Transition stage– the third week of a puppy’s life, when the puppy is separated from mother’s milk and switches to another type of food. During this period, personality begins to form.
Imprinting period. Lasts from four to seven weeks of age. At this stage, the puppy develops skills that are based on obedience and the execution of primitive commands. It is at this stage that the puppy adapts to the outside world and establishes contact with the owner.
Socialization stage. It lasts until the puppy is 10 weeks old. It begins as soon as the baby moves to a new home. It is advisable that the dog’s age at this stage corresponds to 8 weeks, since the owner has only two weeks left to socialize the dog as much as possible - teach him to walk on a leash, teach the simplest and most necessary commands, and practice obedience.
Important! At the age of 8 to 10 weeks, dog handlers note the most high level learning ability. At this age, the basics of training are laid in the dog without special effort. The basic commands - “Voice”, “Sit”, “Lie down”, “Near”, “Place”, “Fu” - begin to teach the puppy no earlier than when he reaches 8 weeks of age.
Stage of dog's hierarchy determination. The German Shepherd goes through a period when it tries to build its hierarchical ladder and lead it. The beginning of this period falls on the 13th week, regardless of gender identity dogs. The orderliness of relationships occurs by the age of five months.
From the age of six months it begins adolescence in a dog’s life, and it can be assigned to a training group with a canine specialist. At this stage, the dog should have a fully formed psyche, character and behavioral type.

By the age of six months, the owner must have fully mastered and reinforced the basic dog control commands. The teenager must unquestioningly be silent or raise a voice on command, stick to the indicated place, be able to wait, stop or continue moving, and respond well to diarrhea.

Voice command training

This command does not belong to the main exercises, but, nevertheless, is quite important. Training is carried out at the moment of intense barking at an object by praising and drawing the pet’s attention to the barking with the command “Voice! Well done, /nickname/, Voice!”

Teaching the “Sit” command

Refers to the basic dog training commands. It is best to start practicing the command when the puppy is feeding.

You should sit the dog down and achieve obedience while placing the food bowl on the tripod, so that the puppy additionally learns to wait until he is allowed to start. You can start teaching the “Sit” command as early as eight weeks of age, handling the puppy gently but persistently. Use treats on walks, forcibly sitting the dog down, issuing a command. A trained animal is shown with a gesture that it needs to sit, after which encouragement follows for following the command.

Teaching the “Down” command

With a puppy, all commands are practiced using treats.. They begin training at an early age, reinforcing the material they have learned every day.

First, the treat is brought to the dog’s nose and, without allowing him to take it, he lowers his hand to the floor, pronouncing the command. As soon as the dog lies down, place your hand on the withers. Holding her in this position, praise her, give her a treat, but do not let her go, forcing her to lie down until the “Stand” command. Then reward again for good performance.

Training the command "Nearby"

Before you start practicing the “Near” command, the dog is accustomed to a collar and leash.. When practicing the “Nearby” command, the puppy is not allowed to move more than a third of the body in front of the owner. The dog should walk on the left side at his owner's pace, his shoulder should be level with his knee. The leash should not be taut, but hang freely. The dog should not stray from the intended course, not get ahead, not lag behind and not go away from the owner.

Did you know? For a puppy, the duration of such a promenade should not exceed 10 minutes, since the dog gets tired much more on a leash than in free movement.

Final processing of commands

Basic commands accompany any dog throughout its life. But the German Shepherd is a universal breed service dogs, carrying out guard, guard, search, and protective services. In addition, the dogs do an excellent job as guide dogs, rescue dogs, and even sled dogs. That's why for German Shepherds exists the whole complex special training with specific commands, defining the functional range of responsibilities of the dog.

The end of training commands is considered the moment when the dog independently begins to accept the only right decision in the current situation. German shepherds participating in operations to neutralize terrorist groups do not need teams. They independently assess the situation and act according to the situation, working without human accompaniment.

Home protection teams

The German Shepherd training system includes OKD and ZKS norms. There are a number of methods for training service dogs, depending on the character, temperament and performance of the animal. For independent execution of commands protective service necessary:

achieve impeccable obedience of the pet;
teach the dog to follow the scent;
learn how to properly lead a dog on a leash;
work off neutral reaction for a shot;
practice landing and positioning in motion, as well as approaching the owner from any position.

In addition, it is necessary to practice fetching objects, unsupported jumping over obstacles with and without objects, and also not reacting to various stimuli– cats, provoking people, shots.

In what cases should you contact a professional instructor?

If the basics general course German Shepherd owners can practice training on their own, then Dog owners turn to the help of professional dog handlers to train and practice the standards of protective guard service:

identifying a suspect by barking;
search of the suspect;
detention of a fugitive;
escort;
attack on the enemy;
testing the dog's courage;
gaining trail work skills.

Video about training a German Shepherd

A series of methods on how to train a German Shepherd - video from the training ground of professional dog handlers of the K-9 Club. Working off main commands with dogs:

Our site is dedicated to dog breeds - indoor and decorative and service dogs, rescuers and companions, small and large. Here you can ask questions to professionals general development, education and training of pets. Professional dog handlers work with us. They will be happy to answer your questions and help resolve current situations. We welcome your comments at the bottom of the article. Tell us about your successes in training smart and loyal pets.

It's no secret that dogs are smart animals. They are easy to train, so you can teach your dog to follow commands even at home. You just need to know the basics of training psychology.

Where to start

In order to prepare for the first lesson, you will need to stock up on a collar, leash and treats for your dog. Treats during training are mandatory and necessary for additional motivation animal. After all, how else can you show your pet that he is doing the right thing?

Where are dogs trained? The location must be chosen based on whether the dog knows the area. If the place is unfamiliar, then before starting you should give the animal the opportunity to sniff it to make sure it is safe and there is no threat. This is important because it will be difficult for the dog to train in an unknown place.

During training, you need to be alone with the dog. This condition must be observed so that the animal is not distracted from following commands.

Treats

You can use dry food as a treat. It transports well and does not stain your hands. But if your dog does not want food, then you can use any other treat that your pet prefers. Now you can even buy special cookies for training.

Preparation

To prepare your dog for the training process, run him a few laps around the stadium and give him a good walk. But as for time, it’s better to choose it for yourself. During the summer in daytime It’s better not to carry out training, but if that’s when you have free time, stock up on water.

Basic principles of training

The total training time should not exceed an hour, but it is better to split it into several small approaches. For example: give her a command, after completing it, let her run, and then continue what she started. During the entire training period, the dog must comply with all your commands.

The main commands that are included in the basic training complex include:

Team to me. This is the first task that a dog must perform. She studies in conjunction with a nickname. Call the dog by name and lure it with a treat; after completing it, be sure to praise the animal.
The team is nearby. For this task you will need a collar.
Command to sit. Can be learned in conjunction with the previous task.
The command is to lie down. Be sure to teach this to your dog only after learning to sit, a treat will help.
Aport. This is a more complex command, along with it you can teach the dog to guard a place.
Excerpt for a dog. This is the main thing an animal needs to learn. After all, your dog will need endurance to complete your other tasks.
The commands are fu and dai. The first is needed to prohibit the dog from doing anything, and the second to wean him from picking up unnecessary things from the ground.

At what age are dogs trained?

If your dog is still a puppy, then you need to train him from the first days of being in the house. But you should take into account the age of the dog. Training should begin at three months; before this time, teach him to walk with a collar, respond to a nickname, follow the command to come to me, and toilet train him.

After the dog has mastered the initial commands, move on to the next stage, but repeat what you have learned. As a new task, teach your puppy the give command. This can be useful after he picks up something from the floor or ground.

After reaching the age of three, repeat everything previously learned. At this age, the dog is easy to train in a playful way.

Training small dogs

If you have a small dog, it will be easier to train than a large one. Since small dogs love to run at any age, the very first command may be “come to me.” This will definitely come in handy if your pet runs too far.

Usually small breeds become real members of the family. And so the next command should be "place". It is this that will allow you to teach your dog not to run on beds or sleep with its owners in the future.

You can also teach your dog the following commands: fu, next and restraint. These are the main tasks that a small breed dog should face.

Should I train an adult dog?

It often happens that it is not a puppy that is taken into the house, but an adult dog. Is it possible to train an adult dog? It is possible, but it will take more time than usual. If the dog is old, this means that you will first need to eradicate its old habits, and only then teach it new ones.

How to train an adult dog:

All commands are pronounced in a clear and calm tone.
For correct execution tasks, praise her, pet her or treat her with something tasty.
Pay attention to gestures. The dog must understand more than just voice commands.
During training, never use aggression towards the animal. Don't scold or hit your dog. This can lead to the development of fear.

How to train a hunting dog

Regarding training hunting dogs, then you have to work here. In such breeds, some manifestations of character should be suppressed. A hunting breed dog will not work without proper training and education.

The basics should be devoted to 6 to 9 months. During this period, dogs need to be trained to obey, taught clearly, not to follow commands and quit, and also trained to command me using a whistle or horn.

You can start learning as early as 10 months special teams. That is, to accustom the dog to hunting. The connection between dog and hunter is important here. On the one hand, she should not be afraid of her owner, and on the other hand, she should be obedient and not get lost in different situations.

Hunting dogs have the ability to accumulate experience and compare behavior, so such an animal should not be treated as a collection of reflexes. Hunting breeds are characterized by the presence of powerful intelligence.

The most trainable dogs

Everyone knows that each type of dog is characterized by certain character traits, behavior and learning ability. To the very best breeds Dogs that are easy to train include:

German bearish. Good-natured and calm. You need to train from the very beginning early age, in order to avoid the manifestation of a difficult character in the future.
Italian Cane Corso. Ideal watchman, remembers large number teams, but may have difficulty communicating with other breeds.
Basset Hound. Agile, agile and resilient. They love children.
German shepherd. Balanced and loyal.
Black Russian Terrier. Aggressive and distrustful. It is easy to train, but it must be trained by a strong-willed person who can show the dog a place.
Maltese dog. They are easy to train, but are classified as decorative breeds.

General rules for self-training

With the right approach, any breed of dog can be trained, regardless of age. To learn commands correctly, you must follow the following rules:

Carry out training in stages.
Encourage the dog.
Show strength of character towards the animal, but not aggression.
Understand your pet's personality.

If you are persistent and devote a lot of time and attention to your four-legged friend, teaching him commands and rules of behavior, then he will definitely become your best companion. life path. Remember, it's never too late to start training! In addition, you can teach your pet all the necessary skills yourself if you listen to our recommendations.

A story about dog training at home.

You have long dreamed of a four-legged friend, and now, finally, your dream has come true - you have purchased a puppy. But the joy will be short-lived if you don’t start raising him in time. A spoiled dog that does not know commands and does not recognize the authority of its owner can become a real headache for your family. And it is a misconception that only a specialist can train a dog. Application correct principles and a little diligence on your part can turn a bully puppy into a well-mannered dog that can become a source of joy for you and your loved ones.

General rules of training

There are rules, without which many owners come to the erroneous conclusion that their pet cannot be trained. In fact, the culprit of a dog’s bad behavior is always a person who took an irresponsible approach to its upbringing.

These rules are as follows:

A big misconception is that a puppy should have a “childhood”, but from 5-6 months you can start training it. With this approach right moment will be missed, and the spoiled dog will cause you a lot of trouble in the process of training it.
In addition, this is also enough for a pet. stressful situation: he suddenly begins to be prohibited from doing what was previously allowed, perhaps even punished for it. As a result, the dog may decide that its owners no longer love it.

Basic education

To begin with, the puppy needs to be taught the necessary basic things, without which it is impossible comfortable accommodation next to the dog.

Nickname

You need to teach your dog a nickname immediately from the moment it is acquired. The same principle of attachment to positive emotions works here. Call the dog by name when praising, playing, feeding, but not during punishment. There is no need to confuse your pet by coming up with a dozen diminutive names for it. There should be one nickname, and at least at first use it only in one form.

Toilet

A dog can be trained to toilet outside or in a certain place in the apartment: it all depends on the breed and size of the pet. In any case, remove all carpets from the floors during training.
If a puppy goes to the toilet on the carpet at least once, he will continue to stubbornly use this particular place for this purpose. Even if it is assumed that the dog will only go to the toilet outside, until the quarantine has passed after vaccination, it is necessary to take care of the tray or diaper.

An effective method of toilet training is to limit the space for movement. Fence a couple for the dog square meters, on which only her bed and tray will be located. An animal will never mess up where it sleeps, so it will have to use a litter tray. Don't forget to reward your pet for correct behavior.

To teach a puppy to go to the toilet outside, at first you need to take him there as often as possible - 5-6 times a day. It is better to do this after sleeping, eating or playing. Be sure to wait until the puppy does what he was taken for a walk. After this, be sure to praise him or give him a treat. As the dog grows, the number of trips outside can be gradually reduced.

Collar and leash

It is important that the puppy gets used to the collar and leash before going outside for the first time, otherwise it will become additional stress for him. It is not necessary to accustom him to certain movements, but to the feeling of wearing a collar and leash.
The first accessories should be as soft and comfortable as possible. The puppy will definitely try to take them off - at this moment he needs to be distracted, for example, with the help of a game.

Command training

Teaching a puppy commands is not much more difficult than toilet training, but living with a well-mannered pet is much more comfortable. Let's look at techniques for teaching dogs the most common commands.

Command "fu"

This command is necessary for the safety of the dog itself, so that it does not pick up garbage on the street or eat anything hazardous to health. She works with a leash. You will need an assistant who will throw some forbidden object onto the floor or the ground. And as soon as the dog becomes interested in him, you voice the command and pull the pet back with the help of a leash. When your puppy only responds to a command, reward him with a treat. If he shows no interest in the subject at all, then the reward should be even more generous.

Command "come to me"

This command should be carried out joyfully and upon request. To do this, you need to create pleasant associations with her. When the puppy runs up to you, call him by name and repeat the command, additionally giving him a treat and showing him with all your appearance how happy you are for him.
Then release him as soon as he wants. As a result, the pet will be happy to come on command, knowing that this is accompanied by something pleasant, and that he can be free at any time.

Team "near"

Here again a leash will come to your aid. Make it as short as possible during the movement so that the dog walks next to your foot, and at the same time voice the command. If the puppy obediently walks nearby, give him a treat from time to time.

Team "place"

You can’t do without it if you want to calmly gather with your loved ones at the table or receive guests without a dog scurrying under your feet and pleadingly looking into your eyes. The first thing to do is to equip it with its own place. It can be played by a rug or a bed, the main thing is that the pet is comfortable there. The puppy cannot be scolded or disturbed in this place: he must understand that this is his personal space. Before sitting down at the table, lure your pet to his place with a treat and voice the command.
If your dog sits still for even a few minutes, reward him with a treat. Just don’t take it from the table: the puppy should never get anything from there. If this method does not help, you can attract an assistant with a leash who will return the pet to its place after each attempt to approach the table.

Quiet command

This command is easier to teach if at the same time you train the dog to fulfill the opposite requirement “voice”. Wait for the moment when the puppy barks during a walk, and begin to praise him, repeating the word “voice”. After waiting for a while, calmly tell him “quiet” and lightly cover his muzzle with your hands. If successful, reward with a treat. The dog will remember commands after just a few days of regular training.

How to walk your dog correctly

For some, walking the dog is a pleasant pastime, while for others it is a boring chore. In any case, this activity must be approached responsibly so that it is safe both for the pet and for the people around it.

To walk with your puppy you will need the following minimum set of things:

collar and leash (if large size dogs additionally need a muzzle);
a treat for reward if training is intended;
the puppy’s favorite toy so that he can be easily distracted if necessary;
a bag and a shovel to clean up after a dog that has gone to the toilet.

The puppy's first walks are the most important. Before you let him run on the ground for the first time, it is recommended to carry your pet outside several times in your arms. Let him gradually get used to new sensations - street noise, unfamiliar smells.

Take care of the puppy's safety in the entrance. You should not allow him to go down the stairs on his own. Jumping on steps can easily damage his joints. But the climb will be completely safe for him.

At first, keep an eye on your pet. Make sure he doesn’t pick up trash from the ground, cut himself on glass, drink from a puddle, or eat snow. In this regard, choose safe places for walking. Ideally, this would be a specially equipped area for dog walking, but this is still very rare.
Therefore, a forest belt, park or wasteland would be a good option. But in no case is it a children's or sports ground.

During a walk, there is no need to isolate the dog from communication with other people and animals. For normal development When a puppy is born, he should spend 70% of his time with his owner and 30% with his own kind. So don't be afraid to let him play with other dogs. It is only important to make sure that they are not aggressive and do not have health problems. The second point can be clarified with the owner, and also assessed by appearance animal.

Buying a puppy is not only the realization of your childhood dream and a source of happiness, but also a huge responsibility that falls on the shoulders of the owner. You need to prepare for the fact that you will have to deal with your pet from the first days of its appearance in your home. This is not easy work, but it will be richly rewarded by the impeccable behavior of your dog, for which you will never have to feel ashamed.

Have you just acquired a pet, does it seem small and defenseless to you, causing tenderness and pity?

Do not give in to emotions under any circumstances, but get down to raising a dog, no matter what kind of dog it is.

TO initial training It’s better to start from the first days the dog is in the house.

This is necessary so that the pet does not make the wrong conclusions about what is possible and what is not.

How to get a dog's attention?

Full training can already be done at the age of 4-5 months.

You can exercise with dogs the most different breeds, from and , to , and .

Training pets, including pets, at home requires the “carrot and stick” method.

The whip is not literally beating the animal, but shouting and noise effects to wean the four-legged animal from wrong actions.

Gingerbread is just an affectionate word, encouragement in the form of a delicacy.

How to choose treats

First of all it should be:

Easily transportable. For example, raisins are not the most suitable treat: crushed berries, sticky hands, just like raw meat: smell, traces of blood.
Delicious. The animal should strive to do everything as you need, just to get the desired treat. Otherwise, training will not succeed.
Useful. Or at least not harm your health.
Easy to chew. So that chewing does not take a lot of time.
Small and equal in size. So that the dog receives the same portion each time.

Most often, for training, dog breeders advise taking: biscuits, boiled sausage, sausages (cut into 0.5 cm cubes), cheese (choose low-fat - Adyghe).

Some people use a simple one, but training with it is only possible when the dog is very hungry, otherwise for it it will be ordinary, unattractive food.

Do not use smoked or sweet foods for training. They can harm the health of the animal.

Important! Dog training at home should take place before meals. After eating, the animal may lose motivation to exercise. And even if there is a desire, active exercises and sudden movements can lead to stomach pain in your pet.

Let's start learning: necessary commands

At the beginning life together with an animal, you need to teach her the basics. So that you can safely walk your dog on the street, without suffering from the animal’s disobedience at home.

Let's get used to the nickname
Say the dog’s name as often as possible, and most importantly with positive emotions. Call the animal by name and, when a reaction appears, give some kind of treat.
"To me"
Since we are talking about raising a dog in the first stages of life together with you, we can lay the foundation for this command. Say it when calling your pet to eat or play. Thus, the animal will associate “to me” with positive emotions. Afterwards, when training on the street, adjustments will need to be made. The dog will have to not just come up to you, but sit at your leg, walk around, or in front of you. But first, the main thing is to strengthen the pet’s desire to respond to the “come to me” command. Periodically, during walks, call the puppy to you, for no reason, just to give a treat. In a situation where you call him to prevent him from eating fish waste, for example, he will come to you because he will expect an equally pleasant treat.

Also, the dog must understand the commands “come to me” and “near”

Let's focus our attention
The puppy must be dependent on you and your presence. You left, so it’s time for him to follow you. From the first months you need to build endurance in the dog. To do this, repeat a fairly simple exercise for physical activity when walking. Release the puppy (of course, you need to take care of choosing a place for training), give him time to play. Move away yourself, first about 10 meters, and stand half a turn away from your pet. He will not immediately notice your absence, but then he will start looking and run to you, looking for eye contact. Wait a couple of seconds, don’t say anything, and then praise: “Well done,” “Good,” “Yes,” and give a treat. Let him go for a walk. After a few minutes, repeat the exercise. And each time let more time pass between the time the dog approaches and your praise. You can make the exercise more difficult: turn away from him when the puppy runs up. The puppy will still sit opposite you and wait eye contact, seek approval in your eyes. Afterwards, praise. This exercise kills two birds with one stone: the dog masters the command “come to me” (trainers often use a nickname instead of the words “come to me”), and the puppy develops concentration on the owner. The puppy is not distracted by strangers, but waits for the person’s reaction.

Getting used to the place
Adult dog It is almost impossible to train a dog to a place, and even if you succeed, you will have to spend a lot of time on it. It is better to start at a young age and not allow the puppy, whether a cub or a puppy, to be in the apartment wherever he pleases. You are required to prepare the place. It could be a blanket, a pillow, a purchased soft house - anything. Introduce the puppy to him. When he falls asleep, move him to his corner. Do not do anything in this place that could leave negative memories in the animal’s memory: do not clean the ears, or comb them if he does not like it. Take all the dog's toys to his house. The pet must understand that a more comfortable place cannot be found in the apartment.

Prohibition of unwanted actions
The word “No” should become a command. The dog needs to understand that you don't like everything he does. Say the word “No” firmly, but do not shout. It is better if you stand in front of the dog and place your hands on your hips. This is how you seem to hang over your pet and show your superiority. Although you always feel sorry for the puppy, don’t give in. If you can't sleep in a bed, then you can't under any circumstances. Also with begging for food when the family eats. Training dogs at home requires strength of character from the owner, and in some cases even toughness. Show that the dog is not the owner, it is under your control. This may seem rude to you, but otherwise, over time, the dog will begin to command you.

Secrets of successful training

The training process should not be chaotic, you need to develop some kind of system. And never:

Do not start praising your pet in advance - before executing the command. The animal may incorrectly remember the essence of the command. For example, he will not sit down, but will only squat and immediately jump up.
Don't skimp on treats. The dog will lose interest if you give it some crumbs for a correctly executed command.

Don't get hung up on monotony. Some animals can get used to treats, so it is worth changing one for another after a while. Also, encourage more than one hand. To prevent your limbs from becoming prey.

Important! The dog must understand that he is doing everything right not only thanks to treats, but also to your positive emotions. Praise the animal, give a piece of goodies with joyful exclamations.

Over time, the dog should learn to follow the command without a treat, but only with verbal encouragement.

When the command is worked out well enough, you can give the treat every other time, then less and less.

It takes literally a few days to train a dog to use the common “give paw” command.

The dog can master the command quite quickly - a couple of days is enough.

It is important that you regularly study with her and remind her of what has been accomplished.

To do this, half an hour of at least one walk a day should be devoted to learning new and repeating old commands.

At the same time, it is worth taking the dog to crowded places, but let her go in parks and nature so that she feels free.

Raising a puppy requires a lot of patience from the owner - good luck!

Dog training at home: secrets of success

Dog training at home. You also need to prepare for training: treats, mood and at least half an hour of free time.

Such a long-awaited event in the house as the arrival of a puppy should not be spontaneous. To begin with, before such a serious step, you need to study the relevant literature and think about the choice suitable breed, prepare for the training process, or better yet, take special courses for novice dog breeders.

Basic rules of training

Of course, each breed has its own, specific methods and methods of training, but in total it is possible to determine a number general rules, which are relevant for any puppy.

Teaching a small pet to be clean is not an easy task.

To maintain overall comfort in the house, when things remain intact and the rooms are not turned into a complete dog toilet, it is necessary to immediately accustom the dog to order. First of all, make it a rule to walk your animal outside, preferably not once, but at least 2-3 times a day. If the dog's breed is a mini version, then it is necessary to teach it to go to the toilet using a diaper or newspaper. You can do the same with ordinary small puppies. If the educational moment is a success, the child must be expressively and joyfully praised. That is, training dogs to be clean is very similar to raising small children, where the basis is the “carrot and stick method”.

Not taking food from the table is a firm rule that must be followed unconditionally.

First of all, the owner himself should not offer a piece of any food from the dinner table. But on the other hand, you need to deliberately leave food freely available in order to provoke the puppy to take it. If this happens, the dog must be punished, and this technique is repeated until the pet understands what they want from him.

Knowing your place is a very important point in education.

The territory in which he will live four-legged friend, must be determined in advance and equipped accordingly. The proposed location should be isolated from drafts, made soft, comfortable and, preferably, raised 20-30 centimeters from the floor. In the future, as often as possible, show the puppy where his place is, especially when he, bored, begins to violently jump on his owner and lick him with his tongue. Of course, such delight on the part of a friend is very flattering, but if the dog is a large one, then when it becomes an adult, when it meets, it will simply sweep away its owner. So it’s better to first indicate “place!” in a categorical form, and then go to your pet and express your feelings.

Getting used to a collar and leash - this part of training, as a rule, does not cause any special problems.

First the dog is trained to short leash. You can simply put it on and let your pet run around, then carefully take the end of the device in your hands and walk in the direction the animal wants. The next stage of training will be your desire to move in the chosen direction.

Teach not to spoil things.

This means immediately purchasing special toys for your pet. A damaged interior will not only anger the owner, but will also harm the puppy himself, because he may swallow a piece of something inedible. To wean off the “squabble” it is necessary to use the object that was attacked: the damaged slipper - hit with it. In this way of punishment, the concept “you cannot chew this particular slipper” is developed. By analogy, you should act with other objects. It is also not worth provoking the animal. If you leave the house, it is better to put all shoes and other things away in the closet. An excellent tool in the fight against dangerous fun is “Antigryzin”, which is sold in pet stores.

It happens that a puppy tends to chew on a wall, thereby trying to compensate for the lack of calcium in the body. Regular chalk will help here; it can be given to growing dogs.

Timely introduction to the world around you

- the key to raising a real protector, and not a cowardly dog. After carrying out the necessary vaccination procedures, you must immediately accustom the animal to the street so that it has an idea of busy streets, forest life, steppe expanses and the inhabitants inhabiting these places.

For individual breeds animal training can begin at one and a half months, but the most optimal age to start education – three months. The main thing is to remember that the prohibitions must be strict and tough, no concessions are allowed, otherwise the team "it is forbidden" the dog will simply be ignored.

Practicing basic commands at home

Every self-respecting dog must know the basic list of command orders from its owner. There are few of them, and teaching a dog to follow orders is not that difficult.

"To me" is one of the first commands that should be taught to a puppy. You need to stock up on treats in advance, which the dog will receive if everything is done correctly. The owner must accompany his order with an appropriate posture: squat down and spread his arms to the side. For a correctly performed action, the pet is rewarded with joyful praise and a sweet prize. It is necessary to teach a dog this command, first of all, for the safety of the animal itself; it must be performed flawlessly, automatically.
"Sit"— the dog should have been hearing this order for four months already. We first teach the correct position, helping the pet to take the required position. If the task is completed correctly, reward. When training, you can use a painful technique, for example, clapping with a leash, if the dog does not want to comply with the command. In the future, we gradually increase the distance from our pet so that he learns to follow orders during a walk.
"Lie"— teaching this command is similar to the previous lesson. To do this, we sit the puppy next to the left leg, when ordered, we pull the leash down and at the same time press on the withers. For the correct execution of the task, do not forget to praise, pat on the back and treat with a treat. When the dog gets a little used to this command, the training should continue with the dog stretched forward. right hand, lowering it with his palm to his thigh.
"Stand"— we sit the dog at the left leg, lift it under the stomach with our hand and, in a standing position, reward him for his work. Special attention When training, attention should be paid to endurance; the pet must learn to hold itself in a standing position. Under no circumstances should the dog take steps; this will be severely punished.
"Near"- when the animal deviates to the side, pull on the leash and make it clear that the order received must be followed. A sign of correct execution of the task is a weakened leash, which no longer needs to be pulled by the owner.
"Place"- using the command "Lie" place the dog near the left leg, then place it at its paws necessary item and pronounce the following order in a commanding voice - "Place". Every failure to complete a task or delay is stopped by a menacing tug of the leash. You can check the degree of execution of the command on the street, for example, near a store, entering which you can observe how your dog behaves.
"Forward"- one of the most difficult obedience skills. Practicing this action depends on the degree of understanding of the command "Lie", since, moving away to a certain distance, the pet must stop and lie down. The exercise is easier to consolidate if it is accompanied by a pleasant event. The distance gradually increases with each training session, and the leash is removed.
"Aport"— the basis for presenting a retrieval item is the instinct of the future hunter for prey. It is recommended to start training with a ball or soft padding. During the game, the puppy first picks up an object, and the owner uses a leash to return the dog to himself, showing by his appearance that the target has been captured correctly. This command, when moving long distances, must be accompanied by another order - "Near".

Having taught simple fetching skills, you should then complicate the training and invite the dog to fetch an object by overcoming a barrier or searching tall bushes. You need to start the next training with a leash, gradually letting the dog off it. Teach the command "Aport" It is also advisable with other people’s objects, especially if it is a breed of fighting or hunting dog.

"Ugh"— a ban on dirty or foreign things is primarily important for the dog’s health, but it is better to start training on this command later, around five months, when the pet has mastered all other skills. They are first trained in an area where dog food will first be scattered, accompanying educational actions by tugging on the leash.
Shooting training – necessary work in raising a puppy brought out of greenhouse conditions into a noisy, busy world, where claps of various origins are heard, fireworks explode and shots can be fired. It is necessary to teach the sharp click from a shot at a great distance, away from the animal, otherwise there is a high probability that the puppy will be too frightened and will simply not leave the apartment next time.