Allergic arthritis- inflammation of the joints, which is an integral part of an allergic reaction to various foreign antigens. hallmark of this disease is the benign course and reversibility of the lesion.

Every year the number of patients is growing, which is directly proportional to the increase in allergic reactions among the population.

The occurrence of allergic arthritis is associated with too high sensitivity of the body to foreign proteins and any products formed during their decay. It can appear with any type of allergy and be an integral part of serum sickness. Serum sickness is an allergic reaction of the immune system that occurs when therapeutic sera are administered.

Thus, allergic arthritis can occur in any form. food allergies, medicinal (more often the causes are antibacterial drugs and painkillers, vaccines and serums), contact with professional allergens (in pharmacology, chemical and oil refining industries). Such allergic reactions occur as a result of an incorrect reaction of the immune system to a number of substances that it perceives as excessively dangerous and threatening, destroying its own tissues.

As a result of exposure to the body of the antigen (allergen), antibodies and immune complexes are formed, which enter the joint cavity with the blood flow and, accumulating there, cause inflammation. The deposition of immune complexes in tissues is associated with a defect in the immune system.

Symptoms

This type of inflammation proceeds as a typical allergic synovitis (inflammation of the synovial membrane of the joint). Its occurrence is subject to all the main canons of the course of allergic reactions. Arthritis can develop almost immediately, but more often 2-7 days after exposure to an allergen or the use of a therapeutic serum. Most often, this disease affects women and children who are prone to allergies. In most cases, it starts only after repeated administration of the same serum. Initially, there is a feeling of general weakness, malaise, weakness, frequent heartbeat, lacrimation, temperature may rise. On the initial stage Many people think that they have caught a cold or caught the flu. With the appearance of pain in the joints, patients refer to an exacerbation of previously acquired chronic arthritis or age-related changes. Then a small red rash on the body (urticaria) becomes noticeable, which itches and itchs.

Lymph nodes may swell anywhere, often close to the injection site . At the same time, joints begin to become inflamed, as a rule, no more than two are affected, and more often large ones. They swell and start to hurt when moving or touching, the skin over them becomes hot to the touch and reddens. The pain may be different nature, often aching, intensifies even after minor physical exertion or rest.

An effusion can form in the joint cavity (fluid accumulates), while the patella (calyx) becomes excessively mobile, doctors call this balloting of the patella and consider it one of the signs of arthritis. Around the joint, the tissues also swell and become inflamed. Such inflammation of the joints lasts no more than a couple of days and can go away on its own without any treatment, provided that the irritant allergen is stopped, which significantly distinguishes allergic arthritis from all other types of joint inflammation.

But repetitions (relapses) of allergic arthritis are also not uncommon, which is associated with repeated exposure to the allergen. All this does not mean at all that with this arthritis there is no need to be treated. On the contrary, if any allergic reaction occurs, it is necessary to consult an allergist-immunologist, since even a harmless allergy can later turn into a more severe form (asthma, Quincke's edema).

In very rare cases allergic arthritis occurs in a severe long-term form. Most often, this form occurs upon contact with a drug allergen. There are intense unbearable pains in the joints. The inflammation is so strong that not only exudate accumulates in their cavity, but necrosis of the articular ends of the bones with destruction can also occur. articular surfaces. Such patients are forced to take not only painkillers, but also hormonal preparations to relieve inflammation.

Diagnosis of the disease

Of great importance for the doctor is the connection between the occurrence of inflammation of the joints with the action of the allergen and the development of an allergic reaction. Especially if the patient himself knows about the presence of an allergy to something in the past. On examination, attention is drawn to the manifestations of allergies: red small rash and itching. In the general blood test, the number of eosinophils can be increased, the ESR is accelerated, which occurs when an allergy occurs. When performing ultrasound in the joint cavity, one can detect a cloudy effusion with a suspension, an enlarged articular cavity, signs of bursitis and synovitis are noticeable. On the radiograph of the inflamed joints, pathological changes are not detected, since the bone tissue is not destroyed.

In cases where it is still not possible to identify the final cause of inflammation of the joint, it is punctured (puncture with a needle under local anesthesia) with a study of the contents. In allergic arthritis, immune complexes and eosinophils are detected in the punctate.

Prognosis of the course of the disease

The prognosis for both life and function of the affected joints, with the exception of a protracted severe form, is favorable. The disease resolves on its own and does not cause irreversible damage to the bones and joints.

Treatment

The treatment is carried out comprehensively, the basis of treatment is the complete cessation of contact with the allergen.

For inflamed joints, complete rest is necessary. Their soft bandaging is performed with giving the correct physiological position. Dry heat, compresses with analgesic liquid ointments are prescribed. If the effusion accumulated in the cavity slowly resolves or inflammation and pain do not go away for a long time, then a more active thermal treatment is carried out: paraffin treatment, ozokerite treatment, peat applications, diathermy courses.

Also, in parallel, a general treatment of an allergic reaction is carried out. Antiallergic antihistamines are prescribed: suprastin, zirtek and others. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs relieve swelling, reduce pain and inflammation, but their use is contraindicated in people who suffer from peptic ulcer or have had it in the past. According to strict indications, glucocorticoid hormonal preparations are prescribed orally, which effectively fight inflammation and increase the effectiveness of analgesics.

Allergic arthritis, the symptoms and treatment of which will be described below, occurs against the background of hypersensitivity organism to foreign substances and their decay products. It can develop against the background of any allergic reaction and become one of the manifestations of the serum syndrome - the response of the immune system to the introduction medicines. Allergy to flower pollen can also result in joint damage. Arthritis also develops against the background of negative reactions of the body to food products, drugs:

• antibiotics;
• analgesics;
• vaccines;
• serum.

Contact with chemicals used in the pharmaceutical, textile, or petroleum industries can provoke a severe allergic reaction. This is explained by a violation of the functions of the immune system, in which it reacts incorrectly to healthy cells, capturing and destroying them. Under the influence of an allergen, antibodies and immune complexes are produced in the body, which enter the circulatory system and penetrate into the synovial cavity. Their accumulation contributes to the development of an inflammatory process called allergic arthritis. The deposition of such substances in the tissues is a consequence of congenital defects in the immune system.

How does this disease manifest itself?

This form of arthritis proceeds in the same way as allergic synovitis - inflammation of the articular membrane. The mechanism of development of the pathological process is similar to the pathogenesis of any immune response. Allergic arthritis in children can develop rapidly, but most often its symptoms appear a few days after the allergen enters the body. Among adults, women are most susceptible to this disease. In most cases, the joints are affected by repeated administration of the same serum.

The first sign of allergic arthritis is general weakness, which is then supplemented by tachycardia, lacrimation, and fever. Many patients confuse the early stages of the disease with a cold. People attribute the appearance of pain in the joints to the presence of chronic arthritis or age-related changes in the body. In the later stages, a dotted reddish rash appears on the skin, which is accompanied by itching and burning.

After administration of medicinal serum, an increase in lymph nodes located near the injection site. At the same time, the joints begin to become inflamed, most often the largest of them are involved in the pathological process. They swell and begin to hurt with every movement. The local temperature rises, the skin tenses and turns red. Pain sensations are different character, most often aching. An attack can be triggered by a sudden movement and increased physical activity. Inflammatory fluid accumulates in the joint cavity, the patella acquires pathological mobility, doctors call given state balloting and is considered the main manifestation of arthritis. Surrounding tissues swell and become inflamed.

The period of exacerbation lasts no more than 3 days, after which its symptoms spontaneously disappear. This is facilitated by the cessation of the intake of the allergen into the body, which distinguishes allergic arthritis in children from other diseases of the musculoskeletal system.

The disease often becomes chronic, attacks occur against the background of repeated penetration of the allergen. This does not mean that treatment for this form of arthritis is not required. If an immune response of any type occurs, you should contact an allergist. Any allergy in long course may progress to asthma or Quincke's edema. In rare cases, arthritis takes a protracted and severe course. This form is typical for drug reactions. There are severe pains in the joints, inflammation becomes pronounced.

The accumulation of a large amount of exudate in the joint cavity can lead to necrosis of the bone surfaces. Treatment of this form of the disease is carried out with the help of hormonal and pain medications.

Diagnosis and treatment of the disease

First of all, the doctor must establish the connection between the inflammatory process and the intake of the allergen into the body. This will help the patient if he provides information about previous diseases. At external examination other signs of allergy are found:

Complete blood count reflects an increase in ESR and moderate eosinophilia. Ultrasound of the joints reveals:

• turbid liquid with a suspension;
• expansion of the joint space;
• signs of synovitis;
• signs of bursitis.

On the x-ray, no abnormalities are found, since there is no destruction of bone tissue.

If the cause of arthritis cannot be identified, a puncture is made followed by analysis synovial fluid. Eosinophils and antibodies are found in the inflammatory exudate.

The prognosis for life and health in most cases is favorable, with the exception of severe, long-term forms. Signs of the disease disappear spontaneously, allergic arthritis does not contribute to the appearance of irreversible changes in the joints. With this disease, the child needs complex treatment. It begins with the cessation of the intake of the allergen. The affected joint must be given complete rest. superimposed soft bandage, warming up and application of anesthetic ointments are prescribed.

If the volume of exudate accumulated in the synovial cavity does not decrease, and the pain bothers the person for a long time, physiotherapeutic procedures are applied. In parallel, systemic allergic reactions are treated with antihistamines. NSAIDs relieve swelling, eliminate pain and signs of inflammation. However, they cannot be used for diseases of the digestive system.

Pediatric rheumatoid arthritis - long-term treatment needed

Children's rheumatoid arthritis- this is autoimmune disease most often of unknown origin. It is characterized by joint damage and a slow chronic course with constant progression of the disease.

• Causes of the disease
• Disease pathogenesis
• What are the manifestations of the disease
• Articular form of the disease
• Articular-visceral form of the disease
• Diagnosis of the disease
• Treatment approaches
• Disease prevention
• What then?

In children, this disease is called juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). Rheumatoid arthritis is quite common among diseases of the articular system, adults are more likely to suffer from it (up to 1.5% of the total population). Children suffer from this disease less often - about 0.05%. This disease is usually diagnosed in children. preschool age, up to half of cases of detection of rheumatoid arthritis occur before the age of 5 years. Up to 1 year, it is almost impossible to identify symptoms, they are disguised as deviations physical development and do not cause concern to parents and pediatricians.

Despite the fact that juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is rare, this disease is of great social importance, because due to damage to the joints, the normal development child, which leads to disability, difficulties in his social adaptation and development.

Causes of the disease

The causes of arthritis in children are still not fully understood. This disease belongs to the autoimmune, that is, the body ceases to recognize its own cells and begins to destroy tissues and organs. This leads to the occurrence of inflammatory reactions in the tissues, as in allergic diseases, but here the articular tissues act as an allergen.

Often the disease is provoked by an infection - streptococci, staphylococci, viruses and mycoplasmas can be the cause of the onset of the disease. These microorganisms are found in the body of a child with JRA, or the disease itself begins after an upper respiratory tract infection, scarlet fever, tonsillitis or influenza.

But there are no factors proving the direct influence of these microorganisms on the onset of the disease. Currently, the cause of the disease is considered to be an altered reactivity of the body and increased sensitivity to different factors environment.

Disease pathogenesis

Rheumatoid arthritis in a child develops under the influence of a combination of several factors. The main target organ is the synovial membrane of the joints, it is the first to be affected in this disease.

Under the influence of the primary antigen (until it is precisely established, presumably - bacteria or viruses), there is a change in immunocompetent cells. In the future, the body considers them as alien and begins to destroy them. Plasma cells produce antigens, a complex is created - an antigen-antibody, accompanied by the release of components of the inflammatory reaction. A large number of leukocytes are released into the cavity of the synovial membrane, which lead to the emergence of new antigens.

Immune complexes from the articular membrane enter the bloodstream, spread throughout the body and cause damage to other organs and systems. Joints due to inflammatory reactions and damage by enzymes and immune complexes begin to break down. This leads to violations of the functions and structure of cartilage and bone tissue.

With rheumatoid arthritis, damage to the heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, and small vessels is possible. Complications may occur in the form of myocarditis, pericarditis, pleurisy, amyloidosis, glomerulonephritis, liver dystrophy and necrosis.

What are the manifestations of the disease

The first signs of rheumatoid arthritis are usually detected in the age range from 1 to 4 years. Less commonly, the disease begins in adolescence or is diagnosed in children under 1 year of age.

The main symptoms are signs of joint damage.

The initial phase of the disease is exudative

At the beginning of the disease, swelling and soreness appear in one large joint, most often in the knee, and after a few months the disease passes to a symmetrical joint. One of the important diagnostic criteria for the disease is the symmetry of joint damage. In children, most often at the onset of the disease suffer large joints- knee, elbow, ankle, while in adults - small - interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal.

The movements in the joints become limited, cause pain, and the child takes a forced position to alleviate it. At this stage, the diagnostic signs are not pronounced and, for example, manifestations are not visible in the photo.

proliferative phase

Now the symptoms of damage to the periarticular tissues, inflammation of the membranes of the joints and tendons join. The deformation of the joints begins, they acquire a spherical or fusiform shape. At the same time, the deformation of the joints increases, signs of general dystrophy, muscle atrophy and anemia appear.

There are 2 main variants of the clinical picture of the disease: the articular form - 60-70% of cases and the visceral-articular form - is much less common.

Articular form of the disease

In the articular form of the disease, several joints are most often affected - from 2 to 4 groups, less often, in 10% of cases, a monoarticular lesion (one joint) and polyarthritis occur.

• With oligoarthritis, large paired joints are most often affected - knee, pelvic, ankle.
• With monoarthritis, the disease usually affects the knee joint - it drives.
• The polyarticular form is characterized by damage to all groups of joints, starting with the cervical vertebrae, sternal, temporomandibular joints and joints of the extremities. In addition, with this form of the disease, symptoms of fever, swollen lymph nodes and the rapid development of muscle tissue dystrophy join.

The main clinical symptom is pain. At severe forms diseases of pain are strongly pronounced when the limb is moved, occur when touched and the slightest movement. Flexion and extension of the joints is especially difficult. With the further development of the disease, contractures of the joints occur, which leads to an even greater restriction of movement and fixation of the joints in a certain position.

Articular-visceral form of the disease

It proceeds much harder, as it affects the internal organs. Depending on the clinical picture, several forms of the disease are distinguished.

Still's syndrome

With this form of the disease, fever, allergic skin rashes, swollen lymph nodes, damage to the liver and spleen, and polyarthritis occur.
With this disease, restriction of movements in the joints, damage to internal organs and muscle dystrophy quickly develop. The child experiences severe pain, takes a forced position, contractures and changes in the internal organs gradually develop. Myocarditis, pleurisy, kidney and liver damage often develop.

This form of the disease is rapidly progressive, with frequent relapses and a poor prognosis.

Allergoseptic form

The disease also has an acute onset prolonged fever, up to 2-3 weeks, profuse rashes, joint damage and the rapid development of symptoms of the pathology of internal organs. Damage to the heart muscle and lung tissue develops rapidly. Shortness of breath, cyanosis, expansion of the boundaries of the heart appear, while listening, noises, various wheezing in the lungs are observed.

With this form of the disease, joint damage manifests itself only pain syndrome, changes in shape and dysfunction are minimal and may develop several months or even years after the onset of the disease.

Separate visceral forms

They are an intermediate option. Most often they are characterized by the defeat of 3-4 groups of joints and the involvement of one internal organ in the pathological process.

The course of JRA in children can be rapidly progressive and slowly progressive.

Diagnosis of the disease

As a rule, the diagnosis of this disease in children, especially on early stages, is rather difficult. To facilitate it, diagnostic criteria for JRA have been developed.

According to clinical signs:

1. Inflammatory process in the joints lasting more than 3 months.
2. Symmetric joint damage.
3. Damage to the second joint, 3 or more months after the onset of the disease.
4. The occurrence of contracture of the joints.
5. Inflammation of tendons and joint capsule.
6. Muscular atrophy.
7. Morning stiffness (uncommon in children) early age symptom is more common in adults).
8. Eye damage.
9. The occurrence of rheumatoid nodules.
10. 10) the appearance of effusion in the joint cavity.

Laboratory studies include the results of x-rays and fluid analyzes:

• osteoporosis,
• joint space narrowing, bone erosion, ankylosis,
• violation normal growth bones,
• damage to the cervical spine.
• the presence of rheumatoid factor in the blood,
• positive joint fluid biopsy.

The main difficulty in diagnosis is to distinguish this disease from diseases connective tissue occurring with damage to the joints: rheumatism, osteomyelitis, tuberculosis of the joints, diffuse diseases of the connective tissue.

Treatment approaches

Treatment for rheumatoid arthritis is whole complex measures aimed at combating the inflammatory process and allergic reactions of the body.

In addition, means are used to eliminate the symptoms of the disease - analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs, chondroprotectors and others.

Main drugs:

1. Anti-inflammatory drugs - aspirin, ibuprofen, indomethacin, butadione, voltaren. These drugs quickly suppress inflammatory reactions and significantly alleviate the patient's condition. But at the same time, their use is only symptomatic. They have many side effects and contraindications for use.
2. Preparations of the 4-aminoquinoline series - delagil and plaquenil. Their use is one of the components of basic therapy, as they suppress the release of immune complexes and antibodies circulating in the blood. Therapeutic effect occurs several months after the start of treatment, so they must be taken for a long time.
3. Gold-water solution preparations - sanocresin and oil suspensions - crinazole. They have a pronounced effect, but are very toxic, so their use in pediatric practice is limited.
4. One of the basic drugs - cuprenil - has a pronounced effect on immunocompetent cells, affects the rheumatoid factor and reduces changes in bone tissue.
5. Corticosteroids. They have a pronounced immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effect. But this gives only temporary relief of the condition, is addictive and has many adverse reactions.
6. Local treatment - the introduction of anti-inflammatory drugs and immunosuppressants into the joint cavity.
7. Physiotherapeutic methods of treatment - ultraviolet irradiation, induction therapy, impulse currents, electrophoresis with medicinal preparations, paraffin therapy, mud therapy and much more. These methods can have a significant therapeutic effect in the early stages of the disease and during the rehabilitation period.
8. During the period of remission and after inpatient treatment, measures aimed at restoring the functions of the joints come to the fore - massage, physiotherapy exercises, spa treatment, diet and methods traditional medicine.

Disease prevention

Due to insufficiently studied mechanisms of the onset of the disease, there are no means of special prevention. But there are some recommendations:

1. Careful medical monitoring of children with altered reactivity and chronic foci of infection is necessary.
2. After past illness the supervision of such doctors as: pediatrician, rheumatologist, cardiologist, orthopedist, ophthalmologist, physiotherapist and exercise therapy doctor is recommended.
3. It is necessary to follow the doctor's prescription, take medications, periodically undergo examinations and improve health.

What then?

The prognosis of the disease depends on the form and course of the disease.

1. The most favorable course is oligoarthritis, because with timely treatment it is possible complete cure and restoration of joint function.
2. In the polyarthritis form, the prognosis is much worse, since damage to many groups of joints develops. This can lead to disability of the patient and requires permanent treatment and prevention of relapse.
3. The most severe and prognostically unfavorable forms: Still's syndrome and allergoseptic form. With them, lesions of internal organs occur, which lead to the formation of severe irreversible processes and the rapid progression of the disease.

Arthritis in children: types, causes, symptoms, treatment

Arthritis is an infectious inflammation of a joint or group of joints, characterized by redness, painful sensations, puffiness and violation (up to complete loss) of mobility. The most common causes of the appearance are damage to the joints, previously transferred infectious diseases, problems with the immune system. Arthritis in children has no age limits. Recognition of the disease is carried out through fluoroscopy and computed tomography. A blood test is needed to check for C-reactive protein and antibodies. It will also help determine the status of rheumatoid factor. It is important that treatment can be prescribed only on the basis of why the disease appeared.

General symptoms

Common signs of arthritis in infants and preschoolers are presented in the comparative table below.

Comparative table of symptoms of arthritis in infants and preschoolers

newborns	preschoolers
Poor appetite leading to underweight	Refusal to eat, erratic behavior, fatigue
Temperature rise	Temperature rise
Problems with the mobility of a joint affected by inflammation	Limited mobility accompanied by pain symptoms
Any movement (especially the affected limb) is accompanied by crying	Refusal to move
	Redness of the skin and the appearance of a tumor at the site of inflammation

In schoolchildren, the signs of various types of arthritis correspond to its manifestations in adults.

Reactive arthritis

The disease occurs 2-3 weeks after the treatment of infections, which is often due to weakened immunity.

Symptoms

• Drowsiness appears, the temperature rises.
• Often the joints of the legs swell, swell and become inflamed.
• Reactive childhood arthritis may necessitate treatment for eye inflammation (photophobia, severe redness, increased tearing).
• The pains in the affected areas become stronger during their anxiety.
• Even a month before the lesion, the child may have a fever, sometimes there is frequent urination. This is also typical for intestinal infection and infections caused by chlamydia.
• may be present pain in the posterior ankle region.

What is recognized by?

1. The study of the composition of feces is designed to help identify residual traces of salmonella, shigella or yersinia (bacteria that can cause dysentery or salmonellosis).
2. A blood test detects the presence of antibodies to bacteria, indicating past infection(for example, chlamydia).
3. Urinalysis is needed to determine the quantitative and qualitative composition of white blood cells and various bacteria.

Reactive arthritis in children is treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The most important principles of treatment:

• You can not load the joints.
• The use of antirheumatic drugs for complications.
• The use of anti-avian drugs in the detection of chlamydia.
• The introduction of non-steroidal hormones into the joint itself, if necessary.

Treatment of reactive arthritis in children lasts from 2-3 weeks to a year. With a mild course, the symptoms begin to disappear within 2-3 days after the start of the implementation of therapeutic measures. Arthritis does not cause irreversible consequences. Treatment should be carried out as effectively as possible to avoid relapse.

The disease develops 2-3 weeks after treatment for an infection caused by streptococcus (tonsillitis, pharyngitis or scarlet fever). Most often, arthritis in children first appears at 5-15 years of age.

Symptoms

• The temperature rises.
• Moving limbs is uncomfortable and painful.
• Large joints often become inflamed and swollen. The skin at the site of inflammation becomes red and hot.
• The symmetry of the appearance of inflammation.
• The inflammation lasts from 2-3 to 7 days.

What is recognized by?

1. An ultrasound of the heart or an ECG is performed to detect possible rheumatic heart disease.
2. A complete blood count shows the level of white blood cells and ESR.
3. X-ray is not recommended.
4. A general analysis of the blood composition for the content of antibodies to streptococci is the defining method for recognizing the disease.

Rheumatoid arthritis in children requires the use of drugs that relieve inflammation, and strict bed rest, not only during the rise in temperature, but also after normalization of its level for another month.

• Non-steroidal drugs are needed to relieve pain. If they are useless, then turn to hormonal drugs.
• Antibiotics fight streptococci.

The disease does not destroy the joints themselves, so after successful treatment former mobility returns. However, childhood rheumatoid arthritis can cause a defect.

Infectious allergic arthritis

Children under three years of age are most susceptible to this disease, although every child has the possibility of being affected. Septic (as it is also called) arthritis in children develops due to the ingestion of fungi, viruses or bacteria. Most often this occurs due to infection of a certain area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe skin. It can also serve as dysentery, botulism or salmonellosis, gonorrhea (hereditary infection). This type of arthritis is considered to be a more serious condition than the ones listed above.

Symptoms

• A whole group of joints (usually large) can become inflamed at once.
• Appetite noticeably worsens, drowsiness increases (in some cases excitability), nausea appears, sometimes it comes to vomiting.
• Pain is aggravated during disturbance of the affected areas. Due to their intensity, babies may not move at all, so it gives the impression of paralysis.
• There may be no rise in temperature.

What is recognized by?

1. The most appropriate method for such signs would be to assess the composition of the synovial fluid. An excess of fungi, bacteria, and white blood cells will indicate arthritis in a child.
2. Sometimes it is possible to specify the diagnosis by conducting an ultrasound.
3. A general qualitative blood test is needed to detect inflammation in the body.

Infectious-allergic arthritis in children, if not properly treated, can be fatal. What is needed to avoid this?

• Urgent hospitalization of the child.
• Antibacterial treatment (prescribed in accordance with the type of pathogen in the child). Usually lasts about a month.
• In a particularly difficult case, an opening of the affected joint is performed, followed by washing with antibacterial agents.

Timely detection of infectious allergic arthritis in children and the initiation of therapy will prevent the occurrence of complications. Most often, after recovery, the child regains normal mobility.

This is a chronic inflammation, the causes of which are unknown to science. This arthritis is also called Bechterew's disease.

signs

• The appearance of edema at the site of inflammation.
• Waking up, the child moves stiffly for about 30 minutes.
• Asymmetric inflammation.
• A striking sign of this particular type of arthritis in children are sudden pain in the spine or legs.
• Possible joint damage spinal column, which turns into painful sensations in the region of the lower back and legs.
• Arthritis is often accompanied ulcerative colitis and uveitis.

What is recognized by?

1. Immunogenetic examination detects HLA-B gene complex
2. Rheumatoid factor at the time of diagnosis of this arthritis in children is negative!
3. X-ray of the spinal column, bones, joints reveals inflammatory and deformation symptoms, deposits of potassium salts between cartilage, vertebral discs.
4. A general qualitative and quantitative blood test reveals an inflammatory process.

• It is necessary to strictly adhere to medical prescriptions regarding drug therapy.
• Physical exercise (usually swimming). But specialist supervision is required.
• Non-steroidal drugs are prescribed to reduce the intensity of pain. For the same purposes, antirheumatic and biological agents are also used.

A long time of illness can lead to partial deformation (sometimes to destruction) of the joints, in connection with which disability is put.

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, like the type of arthritis described above, is chronic, and the causes of its occurrence are unknown. Although the first seizures occur in adolescents, they are more likely to occur in children 1-4 years old.

signs

• Waking up, the child moves stiffly for about an hour.
• The disease lasts about 5-7 weeks.
• Groups of joints (large) most often become inflamed.
• 75% of children experience pain during movements, while the rest do not complain of pain at all.
• Irreversible deformation of the joints is possible (they remain significantly enlarged).
• Lameness is possible in case of damage to the hip, ankle and knees.
• The temperature can rise up to 40 °C.

What is recognized by?

1. A general blood test can confirm the presence of inflammatory processes.
2. To determine this type of arthritis, it is necessary to conduct a blood test to determine the level of C-reactive protein, antinuclear antibodies, rheumatoid factor.
3. Fluoroscopy is necessary to detect osteoporosis, erosion and narrowing of the intra-articular gap.
4. CT and MRI can assess the degree of damage to the joint and bone.

• A complex approach.
• Diet with the inclusion of products with high content calcium (dairy products, peas, broccoli).
• Active lifestyle. But you can not continue the exercises if pain is felt at the site of the lesion.
• The appointment of non-steroidal drugs to relieve swelling and reduce the intensity of pain.
• The use of antirheumatic and hormonal drugs.
• In case of ineffectiveness of the above remedies, biological drugs are prescribed to strengthen the cartilage and bones at the site of the lesion.

Most often, after recovery, the child returns to normal life. Prolonged illness can lead to joint deformity and destruction, loss of mobility and disability.

JPA often develops in children with psoriasis, but it can progress to skin problems.

Symptoms

• Arthritis can be characterized by both symmetry of inflammation and asymmetry.
• JPA can cause deformity of damaged joints.
• Fingers swell and increase in size.
• There is practically no inflammation of large (elbows or knees) joints.
• Pain sensations change their intensity, often differ in frequency.
• After getting up in the morning, movement can be stiff.
• At the same time, several joints of the fingers (legs or hands) become inflamed at once.
• Inflammation of the spinal column may be accompanied by back pain.

What is recognized by?

1. A general blood test allows you to detect inflammatory processes in the child's body.
2. With the help of a puncture of the joints, the level of blood leukocytes is determined (increased with this type of arthritis).
3. Rheumatoid factor is usually negative.
4. X-ray reveals destruction and deformation of tissues.

• Therapeutic exercises (especially therapeutic exercises under the supervision of a specialist).
• Maximum avoidance of stress on the joints.
• Warm compresses to relieve pain.
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of joints and relieve inflammation.
• Prescribing antirheumatic drugs.

60% of children do not have joint deformities after the disease. However, in other cases, endoprosthesis is sometimes required.

The immune system reacts differently to allergens. On the part of the musculoskeletal system, allergic or infectious-allergic arthritis sometimes appears. These diseases are easily treatable, cause minor harm to the body, but if left untreated or with improper therapy, they can recur, which brings the patient discomfort.

The reasons

Both adults and children of both sexes are susceptible to allergic arthritis. The disease often affects women, and in children, the most common diagnosis is infectious-allergic arthritis.

The disease can appear in any person, the following categories of people are at risk:

• Children with an undeveloped immune system;
• Allergy sufferers;
• Individuals who have had injections or surgical intervention in the joints;
• Patients with chronic arthritis, metabolic disorders, diabetes and sexually transmitted diseases.

Hypothermia, fatigue, severe stress also stimulate the development of allergic arthritis.

Symptoms

When an allergen enters the body, the immune system begins to produce antibodies to protect against foreign microorganisms. The reaction may not appear immediately, but a few days after the infection enters the body. Most often, large joints are affected: the hip, knee, shoulder or elbow.

The main symptoms of allergic arthritis are:

• Swelling in the area of ​​soft tissues near the joint;
• redness around the affected area;
• Pain in the joint;

If the hip or knee joint was affected, then walking, getting up is difficult. After a long stay in one position, discomfort and pain intensify.

• Local temperature increase;
• Possible manifestation of other signs of allergy: itching, rashes, bronchospasm, Quincke's edema.
• Body intoxication: fever body, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, chills.

Symptoms of allergic arthritis in adults and children are identical, but in babies they are more pronounced.

Infectious-allergic arthritis

The cause of the appearance is the infection in the body and the subsequent allergic reaction to it. The main factors are:

• Streptococcus;
• Staphylococcus;
• Hepatitis B;
• Rubella.

The first signs of infection appear after 7-14 days. Symptoms are similar to allergic arthritis, but they are complemented by inflammation of the synovial membrane. After 2-3 weeks, the articular syndrome disappears, but after a while sharp pains may resume.

On a note!

Most often, the disease affects several joints. Infectious-allergic polyarthritis is diagnosed in children. Its signs are loss of appetite, deterioration in mood, weakness of the child, change in gait, lameness, frequent falls and complaints of the baby for pain in the joints.

Classification

According to the international classifier of diseases, allergic arthritis is assigned the number M13.8.

There are several types of allergic arthritis according to various signs:

• Viral or fungal infection can affect several joints at once, then the disease is called polyarthritis;
• Nonspecific infectious arthritis develops in response to the impact of an infection that has entered the body;
• Distinguish and;
• Depending on the type of pathogen, tuberculous, syphilitic, fungal or gonorrheal type of the disease is classified;
• According to the method of infection, primary and secondary arthritis are distinguished.

Two main forms of the course of the disease:

• Acute. It is manifested by sharp swelling and pain in the tissues, may be accompanied by an asthma attack and Quincke's edema, but the symptoms quickly disappear with proper treatment in a timely manner;
• The subacute form is most often a reaction to medication. For elimination, hormonal and painkillers are needed. In the absence of therapy, irreversible changes in the joints appear.

Diagnosis of the disease

Only a doctor can determine accurate diagnosis. To do this, he collects an anamnesis based on the patient's complaints and various studies:

• General and biochemical blood analysis;
• radiographic picture;
• Ultrasound;
• Punctures of joint fluid.

Interesting!

With allergic arthritis, the synovial fluid becomes cloudy and heterogeneous, and with an infectious-allergic variety of the disease, it contains pathogen bacteria or their antibodies.

Treatment options for allergic arthritis

Before starting treatment, it is necessary to completely exclude interaction with the allergen.

First aid for allergic arthritis includes the following items:

• Elimination of symptoms of acute arthritis;
• Complete rest of the affected joint;
• Taking antihistamines.

To get rid of allergic arthritis, complex therapy is used, regardless of the gender and age of the patient.

Most often, medication is prescribed. It includes taking allergy medications and anti-inflammatory drugs. In rare cases, in the absence of a therapeutic effect, may be prescribed hormonal medications(Prednisolone, Epinephrine). They are injected into the affected joint after an allergy test.

Antihistamines relieve pain and joint syndrome. The most commonly recommended are the following:

• Suprastin;
• Fenistil;
• Diphenhydramine;
• Pipolfen.

To relieve inflammation and swelling, return mobility to the joint, it is recommended to use non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs:

• Diclofenac;
• Indomethacin;
• Aspirin;
• Ibuprofen.

If allergic arthritis is caused by an infection, your doctor may prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics. After establishing the type of pathogen, narrowly targeted drugs are already prescribed. The duration of therapy is 2-6 weeks, depending on the severity of the disease, in difficult cases, the introduction of the drug into the joint cavity is allowed. Usually prescribed:

• Ceftriaxone;
• Levomycetin;
• Neomycin;
• Minocycline.

Treatment of allergic arthritis should be under the strict supervision of a physician. Only he can establish a diagnosis and prescribe suitable drugs.

Special ointments and creams that are applied to the affected area of ​​​​the body will help reduce pain and inflammation. When treating, you should follow the instructions and recommendations of a specialist.

After relieving acute symptoms, massage, therapeutic exercises and physiotherapy can be added to restore joint tissues and improve mobility. It is possible to use cryotherapy, ultrasound and magnetic therapy.

To protect the joints, chondroprotectors are prescribed that prevent the destruction of connective tissue, immunostimulating drugs that improve the body's defenses and prevent infection.

If antibiotic treatment fails, surgery may be required. Usually, only a puncture and debridement of the joint is needed, but in rare cases, it is necessary to correct the deformation of the tissues with the help of implants or prostheses.

Allergic arthritis affects people of all genders and ages and should be treated at the first sign. The prolonged course of the disease provokes the appearance of deformations and wear of the tissues of the joints.

Cases of infectious-allergic arthritis in children are not uncommon. This is due to the imperfection of the immune system and numerous social contacts. The development of immunity childhood makes the child's body extremely susceptible to all types of allergens, including toxins produced by pathogenic microorganisms and viruses. It is possible to avoid the development of the disease or reduce the risk of complications by knowing its causes, features of treatment and prevention.

The main reason that provokes the development of infectious-allergic arthritis in children is infection. In most cases, these are SARS, influenza, tonsillitis and other diseases of the nasopharynx. Actively multiplying, microbes release a large amount of toxic compounds that enter the bloodstream into other tissues of the body, including the joints, leading to inflammation.

Thus, infectious-allergic arthritis is a response to infection. Most often it manifests itself in children with hypersensitivity to allergens. The risk group includes children with a history of diseases of the immune system in chronic form weakened by diseases such as diabetes, HIV, oncological pathologies.

Signs and course of the disease

Unlike arthritis caused by the direct action of infectious agents, the infectious-allergic form proceeds more gently. As a rule, by the time inflammatory symptoms appear in the joint (after 7-20 days from the onset of the underlying disease), the child has already taken treatment, so the signs may be implicit. However, very young children can react quite violently to infectious toxins: sharp rise temperature.

Among the most common symptoms diseases are as follows:

• redness and swelling of several joints (usually large, but small joints may also be involved);
• pain sensations of varying intensity, depending on the individual reaction of the body;
• the child refuses to stand or crawl, cries when moving his arm or leg;
• the limb may be in an unnatural position;
• refusal to eat;
• crying and anxiety in infants, sleep disturbance;
• children who can talk may complain of fatigue, weakness;
• possible appearance of rashes on the skin, itching in the affected area.

The severity of symptoms of infectious-allergic arthritis in childhood depends on the previous therapy. infectious disease. The most pronounced inflammatory process in the joints occurs at the beginning of the disease, during the first 7-14 days. Perhaps sluggish development inflammation, the duration of which can reach one and a half months. The fastest way is arthritis caused by the presence of a virus in the body.

Types of pathology

Depending on the nature of the pathogen, different types infectious-allergic arthritis in children:

Most often, the development of the disease is provoked by streptococcal and staphylococcal infections, as well as gonococci and Haemophilus influenzae.

Diagnostic methods

Diagnosis of infectious-allergic arthritis is difficult due to insufficiently expressed symptoms. In addition, the clinical picture of the disease manifests itself mainly when the underlying disease is either eliminated or is being cured. In the process of conducting a survey, many parents may forget (or not attach importance to) that the child had ARVI 3 weeks ago, and not tell the pediatrician about it. Therefore, the doctor must prescribe thorough examination baby in order to differentiate the diagnosis.

To the complex diagnostic measures includes the following procedures.

• Physical examination. The specialist identifies the features of the soft tissues located around the joint: temperature, degree of compaction, the presence of redness and soreness, their intensity, and others.
• Common urine and blood tests. At acute form disease can be detected elevated eosinophils and neutrophils. In the case of subacute development of the disease, the indicators may be within the normal range.
• Immunological blood tests to detect antibodies.
• Joint ultrasound. Allows differentiation from other pathologies.

X-ray examination is rarely done, mainly to rule out other joint diseases. With infectious-allergic arthritis, there are no bone changes in the joint in the picture.

Healing procedures

Treatment of infectious-allergic arthritis in children is complex. The main goals of therapy are presented in the table:

Direction of treatment	Actions
Immunological correction of metabolism	Drugs are used - desensitizers, immunosuppressants.
Relief of an allergic reaction	Antihistamines are prescribed.
Relief of the inflammatory process	Use medication, depending on the indications.
Restoration of the functional activity of the joints	Apply physiotherapeutic methods, massage, gymnastics. Showing vitamin complexes and drugs aimed at normalizing metabolic processes.

ATTENTION! Medicines for the treatment of infectious-allergic arthritis in children should be selected only by a pediatrician!

Medicines

Most often in childhood with infectious-allergic arthritis, the following drugs are indicated:

1. anti-inflammatory nonsteroidal drugs(aspirin, ibuprofen, nise and others);
2. antihistamines (suprastin, diphenhydramine, diazolin);
3. antibacterial (penicillin, erythromycin);
4. antiviral, if the source of joint inflammation is a virus;
5. vitamin complexes.

During treatment, the child is prescribed bed rest, rest, and diet. The guarantee of a quick and successful recovery is the full compliance with the doctor's recommendations and regular medication.

Physiotherapy

Physiotherapeutic methods of treatment are indicated when the acute period of the disease subsides. In infectious-allergic arthritis in childhood, procedures such as:

• electrophoresis with medicinal substances and enzymes;
• applications of ozokerite and paraffin;

They normalize metabolic processes in joint structures, improve blood flow, provide inflow to tissues useful substances and oxygen, help to accelerate the removal of toxins from cells.

In the process of rehabilitation treatment, massage and gymnastics are actively used. Young children are shown a complex of passive exercises, and older children are prescribed a complex of physiotherapy exercises. Depending on the severity of the disease, rehabilitation therapy can last about a month or more. Throughout the entire period of treatment, the child is under the supervision of a doctor to prevent the development of complications.

Traditional medicine

When treating children, it is allowed to use traditional medicine recipes as additional funds. Before using this or that composition and collection, you must thoroughly make sure that the child is not allergic to the components.

For the treatment of infectious-allergic arthritis in children, you can use the following folk methods:

• applying a leaf of white cabbage to the inflamed joint for 2-4 hours;
• drink infusion (decoction) of chamomile, wild rose, black currant;
• rice cooked in water will help remove toxins from the body;
• Lemon oil will help speed up getting rid of the infection (infuse half a glass of vegetable oil mixed with one twisted lemon for 7 days, then apply it to the mucous membranes);
• drinking freshly squeezed juices from fruits and vegetables;
• salt compresses and baths.

ATTENTION! In no case should you apply heat compresses and do hot baths, especially in the acute period of the disease. This can lead to a relapse of the disease.

Complications and consequences

Lost time and ignoring the symptoms of infectious-allergic arthritis (if they are not pronounced enough) can lead to serious violations. In childhood, the disease can give complications to the respiratory system, cardiovascular system. The lack of timely treatment can provoke the development dystrophic processes in the joints, which will eventually lead to a lag in the development of the child's musculoskeletal system, pathological processes in cartilage and bone tissue, disability.

Allergic arthritis

Allergic arthritis - changes in the joints due to pathologies. Consequences of the body's sensitivity to infectious diseases or allergens. Risk group: girls under 35, children with weak immunity, elderly people.

Causes of Allergic Arthritis

The main reason is a malfunction in the body, due to which the immune system weakens. The disturbances are caused by allergens: pollen of flowering plants, pet dander, mites or household chemicals. Allergic arthritis manifests itself against the background of taking drugs with prolonged treatment another disease.

The allergen enters the body and begins to work defensive reaction. The production of antibodies leads to allergies, which causes arthritis knee joint. Protecting itself, the body deposits proteins in the joints and the inflammatory process begins.

People carry a streptococcal infection and develop rheumatoid arthritis. Immunologists identify the following reasons:

1. During an infection, the body produces special proteins that are deposited in the joints.
2. Microorganisms, penetrating into the body, take on the shape and structure of cells and take root in the body, causing inflammation of the knee.
3. At the first contact with the allergen, the body does not attempt to protect itself, after which it gets used and does not perceive the antibodies as foreign. Antibodies re-attack the body, and the immune system gives up, unable to cope with the attack.

Allergic arthritis in children

In children, it is dangerous, as it entails other serious diseases. It is worth paying attention to the symptoms:

1. The appearance of swelling of the knee joint or in another location of the cartilage. The tumor occurs quickly - in a matter of hours.
2. The skin turns red, the body temperature rises.
3. The child complains of pain that he feels at the slightest movement.

Children suffer from an acute or subacute form of the disease. The acute form develops quickly, the knee joint or the affected area swells, the condition worsens. The larynx swells, bronchospasm is observed. You should immediately call a doctor, hospitalization and resuscitation are required. The causes of the subacute form are hidden in long-term medication.

Signs of the development of allergic arthritis

Infectious-allergic arthritis is a pathological development of the disease. Rheumatoid arthritis cannot be compared with other types of disease. Symptoms:

1. The disease is noticeable seventeen days after the transfer of an infectious disease, which is not so noticeable. Sometimes, upon contact with the allergen, the disease manifests itself in an hour.
2. The first sign is inflammation of the knee or other affected area, swelling and redness are felt, and the temperature rises. When pain appears, movements become constrained and impossible.
3. The period lasts for several days.
4. Infectious-allergic arthritis affects big joints. Causes of constrained and awkward movements in the inflammation of the joints.
5. Inflammation disappears after a month with the application of treatment.
6. Thanks to the equipment and new methods, the treatment brings results.
7. After repeated contact with the allergen or due to hypothermia, there are relapses.

At the first signs, you need to consult a doctor who will determine the causes of the disease and establish the nature of its occurrence.

Diagnosis and treatment

Allergic arthritis is a disease that requires careful diagnosis and complex treatment. With the rapid development of infectious-allergic arthritis, follow the recommendations:

1. If the symptoms are due to an infection, then antibiotic therapy is performed. It is necessary to undergo diagnostics - an allergen test. Amoxicillin or Erythromycin is prescribed. The dosage is set by the doctor, the drug is used for no longer than two weeks.

If the symptoms persist and do not go away, then they talk about chronic arthritis of the knee joint, in which I use steroids. The running process leads to joint deformity and complete disintegration of cartilage, leading to disability.

Before treatment, the doctor establishes the causes of the disease and excludes contact with the allergen.

Disease prevention

At the first sign, you should consult a doctor, especially if you are young parents and have noticed changes in the child's behavior.

Prevention consists in hardening - strong body easier to cope with infections and immunity does not fail. Hypothermia leads to viral and infectious diseases.

Get a comprehensive check-up once a year. Constantly strengthen the body, the lack of vitamins adversely affects the immune system.

Bacteria and viruses, penetrating through the mucous surfaces of the respiratory tract or through the skin, are carried throughout the body by blood and lymph, affecting other organs. Penetrating into the joint cavity, pathogens can cause inflammatory processes in them - bacterial or viral arthritis. Young children, especially those who are not protected by immunity, often get sick, so infectious arthritis in children is not uncommon.

Causes of Infectious Arthritis in Children

In childhood, the risk of infections caused by the following microorganisms is increased:

• streptococci of groups B and A;
• staphylococci;
• gram-negative bacteria;
• viruses and paroviruses (rubella, measles, mumps, chickenpox, influenza).

In the warm season, in the habitat of ticks, another type of infectious arthritis is also possible - borreliosis, caused by a special type of spirochete, which, together with the saliva of the tick, enters the blood and disease-causing Lyme (borreliosis).

More sore throats, tonsillitis, pharyngitis and others respiratory infections in children, they arise on the basis of a relatively harmless group A streptococcal infection, accompanied by "flying" pain in the joints. Such arthritis can be observed at the peak of the disease or some time after it. When treated with antibiotics, the symptoms of inflammation of the joints subside along with the signs of the underlying disease.

More dangerous are pyogenic β-hemolytic streptococci that can cause rheumatism. Also a threat is a variety of gram-negative bacteria - Haemophilus influenzae or Pfeiffer's bacillus. This coccobacterium exists in a latent form in the body of most healthy people, but about ten percent have a manifest form in the form of local inflammation or complications in the form of meningitis, pneumonia or other diseases:

1. Meningitis most often affects very young children: the most dangerous age- from 6 months to one year.
2. Epiglottitis (inflammation of the epiglottis) usually affects children older than two years.
3. Pneumonia is more characteristic of adults: its incidence among children is approximately 15 - 20%.

Symptoms of Infectious Arthritis in Children

Infectious arthritis can progress in different ways in children:

• in a mild, almost painless form or acutely;
• against the background of an infectious disease simultaneously with it or a 2-3-week delay in time.

Infectious-allergic arthritis

In young children, infectious arthritis often occurs most rapidly, in an allergoseptic form:

• the child's temperature suddenly jumps (an increase in temperature may be accompanied by severe chills);
• because of the pains that disturb him, he can cry and behave extremely restlessly;
• the child refuses to eat, lack of appetite may be accompanied by nausea or even vomiting;
• symptoms of inflammation of the joints are guessed by swelling and redness in the area of ​​​​the inflamed joint;
• the diseased limb takes an unnatural half-bent position (especially with inflammation of the knee joint or hip joint);
• movement in the joint becomes limited;
• any manipulations with a sick arm or leg cause pain to the child.

The acute course of infectious-allergic arthritis is due to the fact that the pathogen causes an allergic reaction in the body.

Infectious-allergic arthritis often affects not one, but many joints in children: knee, elbow, hip and shoulder joints. This disease also does not bypass small joints - fingers or toes.

The symptoms of polyarthritis usually resolve quickly with full recovery child. The exceptions are rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatism, and Lyme disease.

With untreated borreliosis, generalized chronic polyarthritis occurs. For the purpose of prevention, it is imperative to examine the entire body of the child after returning from the forest park zone. If a tick is found, it must be carefully pulled out entirely from the skin and taken to a medical laboratory.

Infectious-allergic arthritis causes frequent skin reaction in the form of a ring-shaped or small rash.

Ring-shaped erythema around the site of a tick bite in case of borreliosis (Lyme disease)

A characteristic sign of borreliosis is a growing annular erythema on the skin around the site of a tick bite.

Allergic arthritis in children

This disease has nothing to do with infections. Its reasons may be:

• allergies to certain foods;
• allergy to irritants (animal hair, pollen, strong odors);
• drug allergy.

A single allergic reaction does not cause allergic arthritis: only the constant presence of an allergen and a persistent allergic reaction to it cause the development of symptoms of inflammation of the joints.

Symptoms of Allergic Arthritis

The characteristic and main sign of allergic arthritis is its sudden onset, coinciding in time with the penetration of the allergen into the body, and the attenuation of all signs along with the disappearance of the irritant. .

With allergic arthritis, large joints suffer: they swell, the temperature of the skin surfaces in the joints increases.

An allergic rash (urticaria) and a reaction from other organs are possible:

• bronchospasm;
• tachycardia;
• conjunctivitis, lacrimation, blepharitis;
• angioedema (Quincke's edema), etc.

Quincke's edema in allergic arthritis

Allergic arthritis can be difficult to treat until the allergen is identified. Once the link between the allergen and the reaction chain has been identified, the treatment is quite simple:

• access of the pathogen to the body is blocked;
• antihistamines are prescribed.

It is in childhood that such diseases are formed, so it is easier to identify them also in children.

Most specific for childhood:

• allergic drug arthritis in children;
• arthritis due to food allergies (for example, to foods high in protein).

Treatment of infectious arthritis in children

You can suspect arthritis in a child by his behavior:

• increased fatigue and refusal of active movements;
• complaints of pain (direct and indirect - with the help of gestures);
• poor sleep and appetite.

Diagnosis of infectious arthritis

External examination helps to determine:

• thickening of the skin around the joint;
• external changes in the joints (enlargement, redness);
• limb asymmetry;
• muscle atrophy.

To clarify the diagnosis are assigned:

• microbiological laboratory research;
• radiography, MRI or CT;
• Ultrasound, ECG, etc.

Methods of medical treatment

The main treatment for infectious arthritis is antibiotic therapy.:

• for the fastest effect, antibiotics are administered intramuscularly or intravenously;
• at mixed infections or SARS, broad-spectrum antibiotics and antiviral agents are used;
• if the infection is of a fungal nature, then antifungal drugs are used.

With purulent synovitis, antiseptic therapy is performed: removal of accumulated pus with a needle or drainage tube with washing of the articular cavity with an antiseptic.

Viral Arthritis Treatment

If arthritis is purely viral, then treatment is symptomatic and supportive, since antibiotics for viral diseases completely useless:

1. The fight against fever and joint pain is carried out with the help of antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drugs.
2. Antiviral agents are aimed at producing immune antibodies to certain types of viruses.
3. Immunomodulators and vitamins increase the body's resistance and strength.

Viral arthritis is transient and does not become chronic.

Infectious arthritis in children responds well to the prevention of concomitant childhood diseases (ARI, SARS, influenza): the fewer of them and the earlier they are detected, the less likely it is to have an inflammatory joint disease.

Video: Treating colds and flu at home.

Infectious allergic arthritis in children

Allergic arthritis in children: causes

There are two types of arthritis caused by an allergic reaction in the body: allergic arthritis proper and infectious-allergic arthritis, which should not be confused. Infectious-allergic and allergic arthritis have a similar course and symptoms. Let's look at both types.

The cause of the development of allergic arthritis is a defect in the immune system, as a result of which a person develops an individual hypersensitivity or intolerance to certain food products, pollen, animal hair, some medicines, etc. When these allergens enter the body for the second time, antibodies are produced in it, which combine with a foreign substance and are deposited in various tissues. When they are deposited in the articular tissue, an inflammatory process develops, accompanied by symptoms of arthritis.

At the first contact with the allergen in the body, allergic arthritis usually does not develop: after the first contact with the allergen, the body forms an immune response to this substance. People prone to allergies are prone to allergic arthritis: that is why allergic arthritis is most often detected in childhood.

Symptoms of allergic arthritis include:

• acute onset of the disease, which manifests itself immediately when an allergen enters the body;
• large joints are affected: pain is especially aggravated during movement and after rest;
• the affected joints swell, the temperature of the tissues above them is elevated;
• an allergic rash on the skin and itching appear;
• the disease may be accompanied by other allergy symptoms: Quincke's edema, bronchospasm;
• possible nausea and vomiting, fever, diarrhea, tachycardia.

Diagnosis of allergic arthritis usually does not cause difficulties, since there is a clear relationship between exposure to allergens and the occurrence of acute symptoms of the disease. In the anamnesis of a patient with allergic arthritis, bronchial asthma, food or drug allergies are quite common.

A complete blood count shows a slight increase in ESR, the number of eosinophils and leukocytes. The radiograph does not show changes in the tissues of the joints. In allergic arthritis, the tissues around the affected joints swell, and effusion and sediment appear in the joint fluid. Allergic arthritis can take place in acute and subacute forms.

In the acute form of allergic arthritis, the disease is manifested by a sharp swelling of the tissues around the affected joints and severe pain in them. The acute form of the disease can be complicated by Quincke's edema, an attack of bronchial asthma, etc. All the symptoms characteristic of the acute form of allergic arthritis are quickly stopped with appropriate treatment.

The subacute form of allergic arthritis most often develops when taking medications to which a person individually develops intolerance. Treatment for this form of the disease requires the appointment of painkillers and hormonal drugs. With a protracted course of allergic arthritis, irreversible changes in the joints are possible - deformation of their surface, the appearance of foci of necrosis.

For the treatment of allergic arthritis:

1) it is urgent to stop the effect of the allergen on the patient's body;

2) give the patient antihistamines (if antihistamines are ineffective, the doctor may prescribe hormonal drugs);

3) when severe pain non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed in the joints;

4) it is necessary to provide rest to the affected joints.

Usually, when allergic arthritis is treated with drugs, all symptoms quickly disappear, so there is no need for physiotherapy treatments. The prognosis of the course of the disease is favorable.

Prevention of the onset of allergic arthritis is to prevent the allergen from entering the body in the future, as this threatens the development of allergic arthritis in a more severe form.

The causes of infectious-allergic arthritis have not been fully established. It is assumed that this type of arthritis is most often a reaction to an infection that develops in the nasopharynx. Infectious-allergic arthritis is also called postanginal polyarthritis and infectious rheumatism. Usually, infectious-allergic arthritis manifests itself in people who are highly sensitive to the causative agent of a particular infectious disease. This type of arthritis can occur 10-15 days after an infectious disease.

Children are more prone to infectious-allergic arthritis than adults, and women are more prone than men. This disease was first identified and described in an adult.

With infectious-allergic arthritis, children develop acute or subacute inflammation of the synovial membrane, which captures several joints (both small and large joints can be involved in the inflammatory process). In this case, weak or moderate pain is observed in the joints.

On the radiograph, abnormalities in the joints are not detected, functional disorders no (no joint deformity). The synovial fluid in this disease has the usual composition and viscosity. Inflammation of the joints disappears after a while and disappears without a trace and residual effects, damage to internal organs by this disease is not provoked.

With an acute onset of the disease, the patient's temperature rises, an allergic rash may occur, disturbances in general condition organism. ESR is increased in the body, the content of neutrophilic granulocytes, titers of streptococcal antibodies and eosinophils is increased in the blood. The disease disappears in 2-3 weeks.

In subacute disease pathological condition organism is observed within 4-6 weeks. In the blood test, deviations from the norm are usually weakly expressed.

A child with infectious-allergic arthritis may have the following symptoms:

• refusal of food;
• the child is constantly nervous and naughty;
• walks with a limp, tries not to use his hands;
• Complains of pain in the arms or legs.

Infectious-allergic arthritis is not easy to differentiate from other forms of arthritis. Since the methods for diagnosing this pathology have not yet been developed.

The diagnosis of infectious-allergic arthritis is made after the exclusion of all similar diseases on the basis of the absence of changes in the organs (with the exception of inflammation in the joints themselves) and rapid regression. Infectious-allergic arthritis in rare cases can give relapses. The prognosis of the course of the disease is favorable.

Clinical picture

What Doctors Say About Allergy Treatments

Vice-President of the Association of Children's Allergists and Immunologists of Russia. Pediatrician, allergist-immunologist. Smolkin Yury Solomonovich Practical medical experience: more than 30 years

According to the latest WHO data, it is allergic reactions in the human body that lead to the occurrence of most deadly diseases. And it all starts with the fact that a person has an itchy nose, sneezing, runny nose, red spots on the skin, in some cases suffocation.

7 million people die every year due to allergies, and the scale of the lesion is such that the allergic enzyme is present in almost every person.

Unfortunately, in Russia and the CIS countries, pharmacy corporations sell expensive drugs that only relieve symptoms, thereby putting people on one drug or another. That is why in these countries there is such a high percentage of diseases and so many people suffer from "non-working" drugs.

In the treatment of this disease, the use of glucocorticoids or the introduction of drugs into the joint will be unnecessary. For the treatment of infectious-allergic arthritis, anti-inflammatory (aspirin or brufen), antimicrobial and inhibiting the development of an allergic reaction (suprastin or diphenhydramine) drugs are used. Of the antibiotics, penicillin or erythromycin (in case of intolerance to penicillin) is prescribed for 7-10 days.

For the prevention of infectious-allergic arthritis, it is necessary to treat infectious diseases on time and in full measure with mandatory sanitation of the foci of infection. Especially with respiratory infections and infections of streptococcal or staphylococcal nature - these pathogens are most often allergens, which provoke the development of infectious-allergic arthritis.

When differentiating allergic and infectious-allergic arthritis from other types of arthritis, a history of allergies of any nature or an infectious disease, respectively, plays an important role. With proper diagnosis and timely treatment, these diseases do not lead to damage to the joints or internal organs of a person. Therefore, it is extremely important to contact a qualified doctor at the slightest manifestation of symptoms of joint damage.

Clinical differences between allergic and infectious-allergic arthritis

Hypersensitivity of the body to certain foods, dust or chemicals is usually expressed in the form of rhinitis, cough and tearing. But if these symptoms are complemented by discomfort and pain in the joints, then there is a clear link between allergies and arthritis. This disease can be independent, that is, develop against the background of defects in the immune system, or infectious.

Etiology of allergies and arthritis

The main cause of allergic joint damage is associated with a malfunction of the immune system. Substances perceived by the body as foreign are deposited in the articular tissues, causing an inflammatory process and its characteristic symptoms. The symbiosis of allergy and arthritis often manifests itself against the background of the action of haptens - substances that cause pathological reactions when combined with other agents, such as blood plasma proteins.

In children, sensitivity to certain pathogens of infectious diseases, usually in the nasopharynx, is often observed. In this case, allergies and arthritis are a reaction to the action of an infection, and 90% of allergens are pathogens of staphylococcal and streptococcal nature. With insufficient rehabilitation of inflammatory foci during the treatment of diseases of the nasopharynx (sinusitis, bronchitis, tonsillitis), infectious-allergic arthritis will recur, especially among children.

Comparison of clinical characteristics

Despite the similar symptomatic picture of these diseases, the therapeutic regimen can vary significantly. If infectious-allergic arthritis requires a full course of antibiotics, then the usual form involves the use of more gentle medications.

A special approach requires the treatment of the disease in children with hypersensitivity to allergens. Some drugs may be agents that cause a secondary pathological effect of haptens, which aggravates the course of the disease and complicates treatment.

Allergic arthritis

Allergic arthritis is a type of joint inflammation that occurs as a result of the reaction of the immune system to allergens that have entered the body. The most common causative agent of this disease are proteins that are part of medical preparations and obtained by drawing from organisms of animal origin or having a homologous nature of origin.

Allergic arthritis can develop against the background of other manifestations in the defeat of other human organs and systems. But, if allergic arthritis is diagnosed in a timely manner and treatment is started, then this disease is quite easy to cure and stop pathological changes in the joints.

Allergic arthritis manifests itself already in the early stages of its development quite clearly. This disease is characterized by: swelling and pain in the joints. Most often, the disease affects at least two compounds at the same time, but it also happens large quantity affected places. Almost fifty percent of the joints are affected by inflammation in the acute form of serum allergy.

Depending on the dose of allergens that have entered the body, symptoms of allergic arthritis may also occur. This can happen a few hours after the injection, and fifteen to twenty days later.

Allergic arthritis can be manifested by lameness, which occurs due to pain. Moreover, despite the fact that the joints are usually affected in a symmetrical sequence, the intensity of pain can be different in the joints on different limbs.

What are the other symptoms of allergic arthritis? Very many, and, as a rule, all this symptomatology is called serum sickness. So, allergic arthritis can manifest itself in: damage to the skin around the eyes (a rash appears, sometimes it looks like eczema, and sometimes like urticaria) with a characteristic itchy sensation. And in this case, without additional studies and skin tests, it is practically impossible to establish an accurate diagnosis. It happens that allergic arthritis affects the respiratory tract, and then its symptoms become rhinitis, frequent sneezing, increased secretion of mucus, burning sensation in the nasal mucosa.

Symptoms of eye damage with allergic arthritis are manifested through conjunctivitis, blepharitis, which are characterized by profuse lacrimation, acute reaction of the eyes to light, redness of the eyelids, itching around the eyes. Also, with allergic arthritis, bronchospasm can develop (in this case, sharp narrowing bronchi, breathing becomes difficult, because the respiratory lumen decreases).

To diagnose allergic arthritis, it is necessary, first of all, to determine the development of its characteristic features, or, in other words, draw a clinical picture that occurs after the introduction of sera or other drugs with allergens (protein components) into the patient's body.

The second stage of diagnosis, after a thorough history taking, it is necessary to exclude all other diseases with similar symptomatic manifestations. It is also necessary to separate other types of arthritis from allergic (lameness can occur in any type of arthritis, and not only after the introduction of protein allergens).

When in doubt about the diagnosis of allergic arthritis, the doctor prescribes a trial treatment, in which the diagnosis is either confirmed or completely refuted.

The method of preventing allergic arthritis includes the use of biological products with high-quality purification of protein allergens of animal origin. And to prevent acute recurrences of serum sickness, it is recommended to exclude the use of sera from the course of treatment.

main goal medical methods in allergic arthritis is the complete elimination of symptoms and a decrease in the body's hypersensitivity to protein serum allergens.

At the beginning, to stop the manifestations, antihistamines are used, such as diphenhydramine, suprastin, pipolfen, and others. With severe pain, the doctor prescribes epiniphrine (adrenaline), corticosteroids, and drugs that eliminate dysfunctions in the body systems that have arisen under the influence of allergic arthritis (cardiovascular system, respiratory system and etc.).

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Allergic arthritis

Allergic arthritis- This is a type of arthritic damage to the joints of the musculoskeletal system, which develops against the background of an allergic reaction of the immune system to the ingestion of a certain allergen.

Peculiarities

This type of arthritis manifests itself as a general reaction of the body to an allergen. As a rule, a disease of this type is easily reversible, however, over time, due to secondary exposure to the allergen or due to an incomplete course of therapy, attacks of the disease may recur - relapses.

The following groups are most likely to develop allergic arthritis:

• Children with a still developing immune system;
• People with allergies.

Allergens can be such substances:

1. Components of medicines;
2. food compounds;
3. Pollen of some plants;
4. Animal fur.

The development of allergic arthritis occurs as follows:

1. An allergen enters the body;
2. The immune system produces antibodies to fight foreign microorganisms;
3. These antibodies react with allergens;
4. Through the impaired functioning of the immune system, the newly formed components accumulate in the tissues of the body, affecting the connective tissue of the joints;
5. In the area of ​​accumulation of the product of the interaction of antibodies and allergens, an atypical inflammatory reaction occurs - arthritis.

Today, experts are also considering the possibility of the formation of allergic arthritis in the course of a reaction affecting the immunoglobulin group E (IgE) and the HLA antigen - B27.

The following symptoms indicate the development of allergic arthritis:

• Acute signs of the disease appear when an allergen enters the body;
• The lesion is localized in the area of ​​​​large joints (for example, knee, hip joint, elbow);
• Pain increases with movement or with a load on diseased joints;
• Sharp pains are traced in the morning after a long stay at rest during sleep;
• Swelling of soft periarticular tissues;
• An area of ​​skin with a diameter of about 10 cm around the diseased area turns red;
• The local body temperature rises;
• A rash and itching appear on the skin in the affected area (an allergic reaction can spread to other areas of the skin);
• Others may be seen allergic symptoms, for example, Quincke's edema, bronchospasm;
• eye inflammation (conjunctivitis);
• Signs of general intoxication of the body (nausea, diarrhea, body chills, vomiting).

Symptoms of allergic arthritis in children are similar to those in adults, while the intensity of symptomatic manifestations is high.

Infectious-allergic arthritis

One of the representatives of the reactive type of damage to the connective tissue of the skeleton is infectious-allergic arthritis (IAR). However, this is not the same as a lesion of allergic origin.

An infectious-allergic lesion develops due to the penetration of an infectious pathogen into the body, and also due to the high sensitivity of the immune system to the components of the infectious agent, that is, an allergic reaction to the infection itself.

The main causative agents of IAR are distinguished:

• Staphylococcus bacterium;
• Streptococcus;
• The defeat of the body with hepatitis B;
• Rubella.

The incubation period of the bacterium lasts from 7 to 10 days, after which the first signs of an infectious disease begin. Also, articular arthritis syndrome can develop 10-14 days after suffering an infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract, such as SARS, pharyngitis, tonsillitis.

Symptoms of the disease are manifested by similar signs, as in the development of allergic arthritis.

Infectious-allergic arthritis is accompanied by inflammation of the synovial membrane as an acute or subacute form of the disease. The articular syndrome disappears after 14-20 days, however, after a short state of remission, attacks of acute pain may reappear.

Signs of illness in children

Most often, this type of joint disease is diagnosed in children.

Infectious-allergic arthritis in children is manifested in this way:

• The child refuses food due to a decrease in appetite;
• Constantly naughty, crying;
• The gait becomes distorted (the baby limps);
• When walking, the child may fall (in case of damage to the joints of the legs);
• The kid refuses to play (uses his arms and legs to a minimum, as movements cause bouts of pain);
• The child becomes less active;
• Affected joints hurt and become inflamed.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis is established on the basis of the characteristic symptomatic manifestations of the disease and the results of laboratory tests.

The patient's history should keep records of the presence of allergies, which will help to establish the disease of allergic origin.

To diagnose allergic arthritis, the following tests are performed:

1. General and biochemical blood test:

• Antibodies produced as a response to the allergen entering the body will be detected in the blood;
• Increased content of eosinophils (these indicators are specific for allergic arthritis, since in other types of disease these indicators are normal);
• The erythrocyte sedimentation rate is increased (about 20-25 mm / h, unlike other types of arthritis, when the ESR is 35-40 mm / h);
• The level of leukocytes is increased (as a result of the development of the inflammatory process).

1. Radiology (destructive pathologies are not detected);
2. Ultrasound (helps to identify the accumulation of effusion in the joint cavity);
3. Puncture of the contents of the synovial fluid (the composition of the fluid becomes cloudy, heterogeneous type).

With an infectious-allergic type of lesion, the synovial fluid and blood will contain bacteria of an infectious agent (streptococcus, staphylococcus) or antibodies to destroy them.

First health care in allergic arthritis is based on the following principles:

1. Treatment of acute symptoms of an arthritis attack;
2. Decreased sensitivity of the patient's immunity to allergens that provoked the pathological process;
3. Stopping the action of the allergen on the patient's body;
4. Providing the injured joint with complete rest.

Medical treatment

When allergic arthritis is diagnosed, treatment is based on the use of drugs of various classes.

1. Funds antihistamine action(relieve pain and joint syndrome):

• Diphenhydramine;
• Suprastin;
• Diazolin;
• Zyrtec;
• Fenistil;
• Pipolfen.

1. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin, indomethacin, or ibuprofen (pain relief);
2. Corticosteroid drugs, for example, Prednisolone or Hydrocortisone (are prescribed if the 1st and 2nd group of drugs does not have the desired therapeutic effect);
3. Epinephrine (adrenaline) is prescribed for acute inflammatory process and persistent pain syndrome.

When hormonal preparations are injected into the joint cavity through intra-articular injections, the patient is subjected to allergy tests by injecting the minimum allowable amount of medication under the skin. If no signs of an allergic reaction appear on the skin within half an hour, the drug can be injected directly into the joint.

Local treatment

For symptomatic treatment, topical agents are also effective. Thanks to the external use of ointments and creams, it is possible to quickly stop pain and significantly reduce the intensity of the inflammatory reaction.

For arthritis, the following ointments are very effective:

Antibiotics

If the patient is diagnosed with infectious-allergic arthritis, he is also prescribed a course of antibiotic therapy.

In case of an infectious-type disease, the following antibacterial agents are taken:

• Penicillin antibiotics (penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin);
• macrolides (doxycycline);
• Means of the tetracycline class (tetracycline).

The course of taking an antibiotic is from 7 days. The dosage is determined depending on the age of the patient, as well as on the degree of progression of the infectious disease.

As a rule, the therapy of allergic arthritis is based on the use of medications, which helps to stop both the symptoms and the foci of the development of the disease.

Physiotherapy procedures are prescribed individually for patients in whom arthritic damage has affected the bone and cartilage tissue and blood flow to the damaged joint is impaired.

If this disease develops in children, after its relief, stable remission. However, if the allergen re-enters the body, a relapse of arthritis may occur.

For more information about allergic arthritis, see the video below:

Prevention

Prevention of allergic arthritis includes the following actions:

• Prevention of the secondary penetration of the allergen into the body;
• Systematic monitoring by a specialist allergist;
• Determine what substances you are allergic to;
• If you need to take a drug that contains your allergen, take the medicine at the same time as an antihistamine.

Infections and allergies can cause arthritis in children

A person, coming into the world, is faced with a mass of all kinds of substances. Some organism perceives neutrally and does not react in any way, others are recognized as alien and begin to fight them. The immune system produces special protein complexes - antibodies, which protect the host. Sometimes the response of the immune system can be incorrect or excessive, then an allergic reaction occurs. It is directed towards any organs and tissues of the body, so there are many manifestations of the disease: from vasomotor rhinitis to generalized anaphylactic shock. One of the options for improper operation of immunity is allergic arthritis.
More often the disease occurs in children, although adults are also susceptible to inflammation of the joints, due to increased sensitivity to antigens. It can begin acutely, as an independent disease, or accompany an allergic lesion of other organs.

• heredity (presence of similar diseases in relatives);
• hypersensitivity to food, pollen, drugs, etc. allergens;
• other diseases (vasomotor rhinitis, bronchial asthma, etc.).

Classification

There are two types of arthritis associated with an excessive immune response:

• allergic - acutely occurring in response to an antigen entering the body;
• infectious - allergic - associated with a past infection, often developing subacutely.

Allergic arthritis in children is manifested abrupt start against the background of the introduction into the body of substances to which intolerance was previously noted. In the initial hit, the immune system has already developed antigens, and when it encounters the same substance again, a violent reaction is triggered. Inflammation of the joint is accompanied by swelling, local fever. Movement is difficult and painful. Perhaps the appearance of a rash, fever, accession of bronchospasm, Quincke's edema. Often there is lacrimation, itching, shortness of breath.

Joint damage in children, which was previously called infectious-allergic, is now classified as a group of reactive arthritis.

The exact cause that triggers immunological changes has not yet been found. It is believed that the failure occurs under the influence of an infection (viral, fungal or bacterial). The disease begins in seven to ten days, when the main manifestations have already subsided. Small joints are more often involved, swelling and redness appear. The pain is less pronounced, stiffness is characteristic. The patient spares the limb: walks with a limp, tries not to make quick movements. Children may not complain of pain, but become irritable, capricious, and refuse their usual games. In comparison with allergic arthritis, the symptoms of intoxication are more pronounced: fever, loss of appetite, lethargy, malaise. Both of these diseases are reversible and, with proper treatment, completely disappear.

Diagnostics

Establishing the diagnosis of allergic arthritis is not difficult. The connection with the ingestion of the allergen is obvious. It is necessary to carefully collect anamnesis and determine hereditary predisposition, intolerance to various substances, reactions to the administration of drugs and vaccines. The acute onset and characteristic manifestations cannot be confused with anything.

Laboratory studies confirm the nature of the disease: in the general blood test, eosinophilia is characteristic with other normal indicators; in biochemistry, a specific Ig E protein is detected.
X-ray studies are not indicative, since this type of pathology does not destroy bone tissue and does not lead to cartilage destruction. It is carried out in order to differentiate the disease from other types of articular lesions. Becomes more informative ultrasound diagnostics. With its help determine the localization of edema, the presence of effusion in the joint space.

Joint puncture is carried out in difficult cases, when examining the synovial fluid, circulating immune complexes and antibodies can be detected. Scarification tests and determination of the titer to special antigens are used as an additional examination with an established diagnosis in order to identify all substances to which a person has developed intolerance.

Infectious-allergic arthritis is more difficult to diagnose, since its symptoms are nonspecific, and the manifestations are blurred. The reactive flow is not reflected in radiographs, therefore, X-ray, as a diagnostic method, is used only as a differential one. In blood tests, an inflammatory reaction can be detected - increase in ESR, leukocytosis, formula shift to the left. But more often laboratory criteria do not change at all. characteristic changes not present in synovial fluid.

Thus, the two described states have their own differences:

Start

When assisting a patient, the primary is the elimination of the action of the antigen and the appointment of antihistamines (tavegil, suprastin, pipolfen).
Additionally, medications are prescribed depending on the symptoms of allergic arthritis. For the purpose of pain relief, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuklin, indomethacin, voltaren) are taken. In the case of a pronounced reaction, accompanied by anaphylaxis, glucocorticosteroids (prednisolone, dexamethasone) are used.
The regression of the disease with timely treatment occurs quickly, so physiotherapy or physiotherapy exercises are not required. When combined with damage to other systems, basic treatment of concomitant diseases (antispasmodics, β-blockers, local hormonal preparations in the form of ointments and gels, etc.) is prescribed.

The relief of reactive arthritis begins with the appointment of anti-inflammatory drugs (aspirin, nemisulide, ortofen) and broad-spectrum antibiotics (penicillins, cephalosporins). Treatment should be comprehensive and include anti-allergic drugs (zodak, cetirizine, loratadine), physiotherapy: UHF, electrophoresis, ultraviolet irradiation, paraffin treatment, physiotherapy exercises. Contribute to recovery diet and intake of vitamins. In severe cases, a puncture of the joint and the introduction of anti-inflammatory or hormonal drugs are indicated.

Forecast and prevention

Both forms of arthritis are beneficial when properly treated. They do not cause irreversible changes and destruction of the cartilaginous surface, therefore they pass without a trace. However, in those who have had infection-related arthritis, the chance of recurrence remains high. To avoid this, it is necessary to sanitize all foci in time. chronic inflammation: carefully treat the nasopharynx, tonsils, teeth, etc. Avoid hypothermia. Don't transfer viral diseases"on your feet" and see a doctor.
Prevention of allergic arthritis is complex and extensive. Includes:

• Hypoallergenic life: remove carpets, soft toys, curtains as much as possible. Store books in closed cabinets. Wet cleaning should be done daily. Treat upholstered furniture with special sprays (Allergoff).
• Bed linen should be made of modern neutral and easily washable materials (holofiber, synthetic winterizer, holofan).
• Remove pets from the house (especially birds and fish).
• Avoid contact with household chemicals (powders, detergents etc.)
• Follow a diet: exclude strawberries, raspberries, citrus fruits, cocoa, chocolate, artificial colors and flavors, eggs and fish. Diet should be expanded gradually, taking into account food tolerance and the absence of symptoms. It is advisable to keep a food diary.
• Sanitize foci of chronic infection.
• Take medication and vaccinate only under close medical supervision and desensitizing cover.
• A complete examination to identify all significant allergens.
• Long-term course taking basic antihistamines (Erius, Cetrin, Zodak).

Conclusion

If you or your child has allergic arthritis or any other allergic disease, remember that the repeated entry of antigens into the body provokes a reaction several times stronger than the previous one. stick right image life, follow the recommendations of doctors, carefully monitor your body and you will maintain health for many years.